Lib/xmlrpclib.py

   1 #
   2 # XML-RPC CLIENT LIBRARY
   3 # $Id$
   4 #
   5 # an XML-RPC client interface for Python.
   6 #
   7 # the marshalling and response parser code can also be used to
   8 # implement XML-RPC servers.
   9 #
  10 # Notes:
  11 # this version is designed to work with Python 2.1 or newer.
  12 #
  13 # History:
  14 # 1999-01-14 fl  Created
  15 # 1999-01-15 fl  Changed dateTime to use localtime
  16 # 1999-01-16 fl  Added Binary/base64 element, default to RPC2 service
  17 # 1999-01-19 fl  Fixed array data element (from Skip Montanaro)
  18 # 1999-01-21 fl  Fixed dateTime constructor, etc.
  19 # 1999-02-02 fl  Added fault handling, handle empty sequences, etc.
  20 # 1999-02-10 fl  Fixed problem with empty responses (from Skip Montanaro)
  21 # 1999-06-20 fl  Speed improvements, pluggable parsers/transports (0.9.8)
  22 # 2000-11-28 fl  Changed boolean to check the truth value of its argument
  23 # 2001-02-24 fl  Added encoding/Unicode/SafeTransport patches
  24 # 2001-02-26 fl  Added compare support to wrappers (0.9.9/1.0b1)
  25 # 2001-03-28 fl  Make sure response tuple is a singleton
  26 # 2001-03-29 fl  Don't require empty params element (from Nicholas Riley)
  27 # 2001-06-10 fl  Folded in _xmlrpclib accelerator support (1.0b2)
  28 # 2001-08-20 fl  Base xmlrpclib.Error on built-in Exception (from Paul Prescod)
  29 # 2001-09-03 fl  Allow Transport subclass to override getparser
  30 # 2001-09-10 fl  Lazy import of urllib, cgi, xmllib (20x import speedup)
  31 # 2001-10-01 fl  Remove containers from memo cache when done with them
  32 # 2001-10-01 fl  Use faster escape method (80% dumps speedup)
  33 # 2001-10-02 fl  More dumps microtuning
  34 # 2001-10-04 fl  Make sure import expat gets a parser (from Guido van Rossum)
  35 # 2001-10-10 sm  Allow long ints to be passed as ints if they don't overflow
  36 # 2001-10-17 sm  Test for int and long overflow (allows use on 64-bit systems)
  37 # 2001-11-12 fl  Use repr() to marshal doubles (from Paul Felix)
  38 # 2002-03-17 fl  Avoid buffered read when possible (from James Rucker)
  39 # 2002-04-07 fl  Added pythondoc comments
  40 # 2002-04-16 fl  Added __str__ methods to datetime/binary wrappers
  41 # 2002-05-15 fl  Added error constants (from Andrew Kuchling)
  42 # 2002-06-27 fl  Merged with Python CVS version
  43 # 2002-10-22 fl  Added basic authentication (based on code from Phillip Eby)
  44 # 2003-01-22 sm  Add support for the bool type
  45 # 2003-02-27 gvr Remove apply calls
  46 # 2003-04-24 sm  Use cStringIO if available
  47 # 2003-04-25 ak  Add support for nil
  48 # 2003-06-15 gn  Add support for time.struct_time
  49 # 2003-07-12 gp  Correct marshalling of Faults
  50 # 2003-10-31 mvl Add multicall support
  51 # 2004-08-20 mvl Bump minimum supported Python version to 2.1
  52 #
  53 # Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB.
  54 # Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh.
  55 #
  56 # info@pythonware.com
  57 # http://www.pythonware.com
  58 #
  59 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
  60 # The XML-RPC client interface is
  61 #
  62 # Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB
  63 # Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh
  64 #
  65 # By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its
  66 # associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,
  67 # and will comply with the following terms and conditions:
  68 #
  69 # Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
  70 # its associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is
  71 # hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in
  72 # all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission
  73 # notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
  74 # Secret Labs AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity
  75 # pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
  76 # prior permission.
  77 #
  78 # SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD
  79 # TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-
  80 # ABILITY AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR
  81 # BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY
  82 # DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
  83 # WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
  84 # ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
  85 # OF THIS SOFTWARE.
  86 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
  87
  88 #
  89 # things to look into some day:
  90
  91 # TODO: sort out True/False/boolean issues for Python 2.3
  92
  93 """
  94 An XML-RPC client interface for Python.
  95
  96 The marshalling and response parser code can also be used to
  97 implement XML-RPC servers.
  98
  99 Exported exceptions:
 100
 101   Error          Base class for client errors
 102   ProtocolError  Indicates an HTTP protocol error
 103   ResponseError  Indicates a broken response package
 104   Fault          Indicates an XML-RPC fault package
 105
 106 Exported classes:
 107
 108   ServerProxy    Represents a logical connection to an XML-RPC server
 109
 110   MultiCall      Executor of boxcared xmlrpc requests
 111   Boolean        boolean wrapper to generate a "boolean" XML-RPC value
 112   DateTime       dateTime wrapper for an ISO 8601 string or time tuple or
 113                  localtime integer value to generate a "dateTime.iso8601"
 114                  XML-RPC value
 115   Binary         binary data wrapper
 116
 117   SlowParser     Slow but safe standard parser (based on xmllib)
 118   Marshaller     Generate an XML-RPC params chunk from a Python data structure
 119   Unmarshaller   Unmarshal an XML-RPC response from incoming XML event message
 120   Transport      Handles an HTTP transaction to an XML-RPC server
 121   SafeTransport  Handles an HTTPS transaction to an XML-RPC server
 122
 123 Exported constants:
 124
 125   True
 126   False
 127
 128 Exported functions:
 129
 130   boolean        Convert any Python value to an XML-RPC boolean
 131   getparser      Create instance of the fastest available parser & attach
 132                  to an unmarshalling object
 133   dumps          Convert an argument tuple or a Fault instance to an XML-RPC
 134                  request (or response, if the methodresponse option is used).
 135   loads          Convert an XML-RPC packet to unmarshalled data plus a method
 136                  name (None if not present).
 137 """
 138
 139 import re, string, time, operator
 140
 141 from types import *
 142
 143 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 144 # Internal stuff
 145
 146 try:
 147     unicode
 148 except NameError:
 149     unicode = None # unicode support not available
 150
 151 try:
 152     import datetime
 153 except ImportError:
 154     datetime = None
 155
 156 try:
 157     _bool_is_builtin = False.__class__.__name__ == "bool"
 158 except NameError:
 159     _bool_is_builtin = 0
 160
 161 def _decode(data, encoding, is8bit=re.compile("[\x80-\xff]").search):
 162     # decode non-ascii string (if possible)
 163     if unicode and encoding and is8bit(data):
 164         data = unicode(data, encoding)
 165     return data
 166
 167 def escape(s, replace=string.replace):
 168     s = replace(s, "&", "&amp;")
 169     s = replace(s, "<", "&lt;")
 170     return replace(s, ">", "&gt;",)
 171
 172 if unicode:
 173     def _stringify(string):
 174         # convert to 7-bit ascii if possible
 175         try:
 176             return string.encode("ascii")
 177         except UnicodeError:
 178             return string
 179 else:
 180     def _stringify(string):
 181         return string
 182
 183 __version__ = "1.0.1"
 184
 185 # xmlrpc integer limits
 186 MAXINT =  2L**31-1
 187 MININT = -2L**31
 188
 189 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 190 # Error constants (from Dan Libby's specification at
 191 # http://xmlrpc-epi.sourceforge.net/specs/rfc.fault_codes.php)
 192
 193 # Ranges of errors
 194 PARSE_ERROR       = -32700
 195 SERVER_ERROR      = -32600
 196 APPLICATION_ERROR = -32500
 197 SYSTEM_ERROR      = -32400
 198 TRANSPORT_ERROR   = -32300
 199
 200 # Specific errors
 201 NOT_WELLFORMED_ERROR  = -32700
 202 UNSUPPORTED_ENCODING  = -32701
 203 INVALID_ENCODING_CHAR = -32702
 204 INVALID_XMLRPC        = -32600
 205 METHOD_NOT_FOUND      = -32601
 206 INVALID_METHOD_PARAMS = -32602
 207 INTERNAL_ERROR        = -32603
 208
 209 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 210 # Exceptions
 211
 212 ##
 213 # Base class for all kinds of client-side errors.
 214
 215 class Error(Exception):
 216     """Base class for client errors."""
 217     def __str__(self):
 218         return repr(self)
 219
 220 ##
 221 # Indicates an HTTP-level protocol error.  This is raised by the HTTP
 222 # transport layer, if the server returns an error code other than 200
 223 # (OK).
 224 #
 225 # @param url The target URL.
 226 # @param errcode The HTTP error code.
 227 # @param errmsg The HTTP error message.
 228 # @param headers The HTTP header dictionary.
 229
 230 class ProtocolError(Error):
 231     """Indicates an HTTP protocol error."""
 232     def __init__(self, url, errcode, errmsg, headers):
 233         Error.__init__(self)
 234         self.url = url
 235         self.errcode = errcode
 236         self.errmsg = errmsg
 237         self.headers = headers
 238     def __repr__(self):
 239         return (
 240             "<ProtocolError for %s: %s %s>" %
 241             (self.url, self.errcode, self.errmsg)
 242             )
 243
 244 ##
 245 # Indicates a broken XML-RPC response package.  This exception is
 246 # raised by the unmarshalling layer, if the XML-RPC response is
 247 # malformed.
 248
 249 class ResponseError(Error):
 250     """Indicates a broken response package."""
 251     pass
 252
 253 ##
 254 # Indicates an XML-RPC fault response package.  This exception is
 255 # raised by the unmarshalling layer, if the XML-RPC response contains
 256 # a fault string.  This exception can also used as a class, to
 257 # generate a fault XML-RPC message.
 258 #
 259 # @param faultCode The XML-RPC fault code.
 260 # @param faultString The XML-RPC fault string.
 261
 262 class Fault(Error):
 263     """Indicates an XML-RPC fault package."""
 264     def __init__(self, faultCode, faultString, **extra):
 265         Error.__init__(self)
 266         self.faultCode = faultCode
 267         self.faultString = faultString
 268     def __repr__(self):
 269         return (
 270             "<Fault %s: %s>" %
 271             (self.faultCode, repr(self.faultString))
 272             )
 273
 274 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 275 # Special values
 276
 277 ##
 278 # Wrapper for XML-RPC boolean values.  Use the xmlrpclib.True and
 279 # xmlrpclib.False constants, or the xmlrpclib.boolean() function, to
 280 # generate boolean XML-RPC values.
 281 #
 282 # @param value A boolean value.  Any true value is interpreted as True,
 283 #              all other values are interpreted as False.
 284
 285 if _bool_is_builtin:
 286     boolean = Boolean = bool
 287     # to avoid breaking code which references xmlrpclib.{True,False}
 288     True, False = True, False
 289 else:
 290     class Boolean:
 291         """Boolean-value wrapper.
 292
 293         Use True or False to generate a "boolean" XML-RPC value.
 294         """
 295
 296         def __init__(self, value = 0):
 297             self.value = operator.truth(value)
 298
 299         def encode(self, out):
 300             out.write("<value><boolean>%d</boolean></value>\n" % self.value)
 301
 302         def __cmp__(self, other):
 303             if isinstance(other, Boolean):
 304                 other = other.value
 305             return cmp(self.value, other)
 306
 307         def __repr__(self):
 308             if self.value:
 309                 return "<Boolean True at %x>" % id(self)
 310             else:
 311                 return "<Boolean False at %x>" % id(self)
 312
 313         def __int__(self):
 314             return self.value
 315
 316         def __nonzero__(self):
 317             return self.value
 318
 319     True, False = Boolean(1), Boolean(0)
 320
 321     ##
 322     # Map true or false value to XML-RPC boolean values.
 323     #
 324     # @def boolean(value)
 325     # @param value A boolean value.  Any true value is mapped to True,
 326     #              all other values are mapped to False.
 327     # @return xmlrpclib.True or xmlrpclib.False.
 328     # @see Boolean
 329     # @see True
 330     # @see False
 331
 332     def boolean(value, _truefalse=(False, True)):
 333         """Convert any Python value to XML-RPC 'boolean'."""
 334         return _truefalse[operator.truth(value)]
 335
 336 ##
 337 # Wrapper for XML-RPC DateTime values.  This converts a time value to
 338 # the format used by XML-RPC.
 339 # <p>
 340 # The value can be given as a string in the format
 341 # "yyyymmddThh:mm:ss", as a 9-item time tuple (as returned by
 342 # time.localtime()), or an integer value (as returned by time.time()).
 343 # The wrapper uses time.localtime() to convert an integer to a time
 344 # tuple.
 345 #
 346 # @param value The time, given as an ISO 8601 string, a time
 347 #              tuple, or a integer time value.
 348
 349 class DateTime:
 350     """DateTime wrapper for an ISO 8601 string or time tuple or
 351     localtime integer value to generate 'dateTime.iso8601' XML-RPC
 352     value.
 353     """
 354
 355     def __init__(self, value=0):
 356         if not isinstance(value, StringType):
 357             if datetime and isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
 358                 self.value = value.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
 359                 return
 360             if datetime and isinstance(value, datetime.date):
 361                 self.value = value.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
 362                 return
 363             if datetime and isinstance(value, datetime.time):
 364                 today = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d")
 365                 self.value = value.strftime(today+"T%H:%M:%S")
 366                 return
 367             if not isinstance(value, (TupleType, time.struct_time)):
 368                 if value == 0:
 369                     value = time.time()
 370                 value = time.localtime(value)
 371             value = time.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S", value)
 372         self.value = value
 373
 374     def __cmp__(self, other):
 375         if isinstance(other, DateTime):
 376             other = other.value
 377         return cmp(self.value, other)
 378
 379     ##
 380     # Get date/time value.
 381     #
 382     # @return Date/time value, as an ISO 8601 string.
 383
 384     def __str__(self):
 385         return self.value
 386
 387     def __repr__(self):
 388         return "<DateTime %s at %x>" % (repr(self.value), id(self))
 389
 390     def decode(self, data):
 391         data = str(data)
 392         self.value = string.strip(data)
 393
 394     def encode(self, out):
 395         out.write("<value><dateTime.iso8601>")
 396         out.write(self.value)
 397         out.write("</dateTime.iso8601></value>\n")
 398
 399 def _datetime(data):
 400     # decode xml element contents into a DateTime structure.
 401     value = DateTime()
 402     value.decode(data)
 403     return value
 404
 405 def _datetime_type(data):
 406     t = time.strptime(data, "%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
 407     return datetime.datetime(*tuple(t)[:6])
 408
 409 ##
 410 # Wrapper for binary data.  This can be used to transport any kind
 411 # of binary data over XML-RPC, using BASE64 encoding.
 412 #
 413 # @param data An 8-bit string containing arbitrary data.
 414
 415 import base64
 416 try:
 417     import cStringIO as StringIO
 418 except ImportError:
 419     import StringIO
 420
 421 class Binary:
 422     """Wrapper for binary data."""
 423
 424     def __init__(self, data=None):
 425         self.data = data
 426
 427     ##
 428     # Get buffer contents.
 429     #
 430     # @return Buffer contents, as an 8-bit string.
 431
 432     def __str__(self):
 433         return self.data or ""
 434
 435     def __cmp__(self, other):
 436         if isinstance(other, Binary):
 437             other = other.data
 438         return cmp(self.data, other)
 439
 440     def decode(self, data):
 441         self.data = base64.decodestring(data)
 442
 443     def encode(self, out):
 444         out.write("<value><base64>\n")
 445         base64.encode(StringIO.StringIO(self.data), out)
 446         out.write("</base64></value>\n")
 447
 448 def _binary(data):
 449     # decode xml element contents into a Binary structure
 450     value = Binary()
 451     value.decode(data)
 452     return value
 453
 454 WRAPPERS = (DateTime, Binary)
 455 if not _bool_is_builtin:
 456     WRAPPERS = WRAPPERS + (Boolean,)
 457
 458 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 459 # XML parsers
 460
 461 try:
 462     # optional xmlrpclib accelerator
 463     import _xmlrpclib
 464     FastParser = _xmlrpclib.Parser
 465     FastUnmarshaller = _xmlrpclib.Unmarshaller
 466 except (AttributeError, ImportError):
 467     FastParser = FastUnmarshaller = None
 468
 469 try:
 470     import _xmlrpclib
 471     FastMarshaller = _xmlrpclib.Marshaller
 472 except (AttributeError, ImportError):
 473     FastMarshaller = None
 474
 475 #
 476 # the SGMLOP parser is about 15x faster than Python's builtin
 477 # XML parser.  SGMLOP sources can be downloaded from:
 478 #
 479 #     http://www.pythonware.com/products/xml/sgmlop.htm
 480 #
 481
 482 try:
 483     import sgmlop
 484     if not hasattr(sgmlop, "XMLParser"):
 485         raise ImportError
 486 except ImportError:
 487     SgmlopParser = None # sgmlop accelerator not available
 488 else:
 489     class SgmlopParser:
 490         def __init__(self, target):
 491
 492             # setup callbacks
 493             self.finish_starttag = target.start
 494             self.finish_endtag = target.end
 495             self.handle_data = target.data
 496             self.handle_xml = target.xml
 497
 498             # activate parser
 499             self.parser = sgmlop.XMLParser()
 500             self.parser.register(self)
 501             self.feed = self.parser.feed
 502             self.entity = {
 503                 "amp": "&", "gt": ">", "lt": "<",
 504                 "apos": "'", "quot": '"'
 505                 }
 506
 507         def close(self):
 508             try:
 509                 self.parser.close()
 510             finally:
 511                 self.parser = self.feed = None # nuke circular reference
 512
 513         def handle_proc(self, tag, attr):
 514             m = re.search("encoding\s*=\s*['\"]([^\"']+)[\"']", attr)
 515             if m:
 516                 self.handle_xml(m.group(1), 1)
 517
 518         def handle_entityref(self, entity):
 519             # <string> entity
 520             try:
 521                 self.handle_data(self.entity[entity])
 522             except KeyError:
 523                 self.handle_data("&%s;" % entity)
 524
 525 try:
 526     from xml.parsers import expat
 527     if not hasattr(expat, "ParserCreate"):
 528         raise ImportError
 529 except ImportError:
 530     ExpatParser = None # expat not available
 531 else:
 532     class ExpatParser:
 533         # fast expat parser for Python 2.0 and later.  this is about
 534         # 50% slower than sgmlop, on roundtrip testing
 535         def __init__(self, target):
 536             self._parser = parser = expat.ParserCreate(None, None)
 537             self._target = target
 538             parser.StartElementHandler = target.start
 539             parser.EndElementHandler = target.end
 540             parser.CharacterDataHandler = target.data
 541             encoding = None
 542             if not parser.returns_unicode:
 543                 encoding = "utf-8"
 544             target.xml(encoding, None)
 545
 546         def feed(self, data):
 547             self._parser.Parse(data, 0)
 548
 549         def close(self):
 550             self._parser.Parse("", 1) # end of data
 551             del self._target, self._parser # get rid of circular references
 552
 553 class SlowParser:
 554     """Default XML parser (based on xmllib.XMLParser)."""
 555     # this is about 10 times slower than sgmlop, on roundtrip
 556     # testing.
 557     def __init__(self, target):
 558         import xmllib # lazy subclassing (!)
 559         if xmllib.XMLParser not in SlowParser.__bases__:
 560             SlowParser.__bases__ = (xmllib.XMLParser,)
 561         self.handle_xml = target.xml
 562         self.unknown_starttag = target.start
 563         self.handle_data = target.data
 564         self.handle_cdata = target.data
 565         self.unknown_endtag = target.end
 566         try:
 567             xmllib.XMLParser.__init__(self, accept_utf8=1)
 568         except TypeError:
 569             xmllib.XMLParser.__init__(self) # pre-2.0
 570
 571 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 572 # XML-RPC marshalling and unmarshalling code
 573
 574 ##
 575 # XML-RPC marshaller.
 576 #
 577 # @param encoding Default encoding for 8-bit strings.  The default
 578 #     value is None (interpreted as UTF-8).
 579 # @see dumps
 580
 581 class Marshaller:
 582     """Generate an XML-RPC params chunk from a Python data structure.
 583
 584     Create a Marshaller instance for each set of parameters, and use
 585     the "dumps" method to convert your data (represented as a tuple)
 586     to an XML-RPC params chunk.  To write a fault response, pass a
 587     Fault instance instead.  You may prefer to use the "dumps" module
 588     function for this purpose.
 589     """
 590
 591     # by the way, if you don't understand what's going on in here,
 592     # that's perfectly ok.
 593
 594     def __init__(self, encoding=None, allow_none=0):
 595         self.memo = {}
 596         self.data = None
 597         self.encoding = encoding
 598         self.allow_none = allow_none
 599
 600     dispatch = {}
 601
 602     def dumps(self, values):
 603         out = []
 604         write = out.append
 605         dump = self.__dump
 606         if isinstance(values, Fault):
 607             # fault instance
 608             write("<fault>\n")
 609             dump({'faultCode': values.faultCode,
 610                   'faultString': values.faultString},
 611                  write)
 612             write("</fault>\n")
 613         else:
 614             # parameter block
 615             # FIXME: the xml-rpc specification allows us to leave out
 616             # the entire <params> block if there are no parameters.
 617             # however, changing this may break older code (including
 618             # old versions of xmlrpclib.py), so this is better left as
 619             # is for now.  See @XMLRPC3 for more information. /F
 620             write("<params>\n")
 621             for v in values:
 622                 write("<param>\n")
 623                 dump(v, write)
 624                 write("</param>\n")
 625             write("</params>\n")
 626         result = string.join(out, "")
 627         return result
 628
 629     def __dump(self, value, write):
 630         try:
 631             f = self.dispatch[type(value)]
 632         except KeyError:
 633             raise TypeError, "cannot marshal %s objects" % type(value)
 634         else:
 635             f(self, value, write)
 636
 637     def dump_nil (self, value, write):
 638         if not self.allow_none:
 639             raise TypeError, "cannot marshal None unless allow_none is enabled"
 640         write("<value><nil/></value>")
 641     dispatch[NoneType] = dump_nil
 642
 643     def dump_int(self, value, write):
 644         # in case ints are > 32 bits
 645         if value > MAXINT or value < MININT:
 646             raise OverflowError, "int exceeds XML-RPC limits"
 647         write("<value><int>")
 648         write(str(value))
 649         write("</int></value>\n")
 650     dispatch[IntType] = dump_int
 651
 652     if _bool_is_builtin:
 653         def dump_bool(self, value, write):
 654             write("<value><boolean>")
 655             write(value and "1" or "0")
 656             write("</boolean></value>\n")
 657         dispatch[bool] = dump_bool
 658
 659     def dump_long(self, value, write):
 660         if value > MAXINT or value < MININT:
 661             raise OverflowError, "long int exceeds XML-RPC limits"
 662         write("<value><int>")
 663         write(str(int(value)))
 664         write("</int></value>\n")
 665     dispatch[LongType] = dump_long
 666
 667     def dump_double(self, value, write):
 668         write("<value><double>")
 669         write(repr(value))
 670         write("</double></value>\n")
 671     dispatch[FloatType] = dump_double
 672
 673     def dump_string(self, value, write, escape=escape):
 674         write("<value><string>")
 675         write(escape(value))
 676         write("</string></value>\n")
 677     dispatch[StringType] = dump_string
 678
 679     if unicode:
 680         def dump_unicode(self, value, write, escape=escape):
 681             value = value.encode(self.encoding)
 682             write("<value><string>")
 683             write(escape(value))
 684             write("</string></value>\n")
 685         dispatch[UnicodeType] = dump_unicode
 686
 687     def dump_array(self, value, write):
 688         i = id(value)
 689         if self.memo.has_key(i):
 690             raise TypeError, "cannot marshal recursive sequences"
 691         self.memo[i] = None
 692         dump = self.__dump
 693         write("<value><array><data>\n")
 694         for v in value:
 695             dump(v, write)
 696         write("</data></array></value>\n")
 697         del self.memo[i]
 698     dispatch[TupleType] = dump_array
 699     dispatch[ListType] = dump_array
 700
 701     def dump_struct(self, value, write, escape=escape):
 702         i = id(value)
 703         if self.memo.has_key(i):
 704             raise TypeError, "cannot marshal recursive dictionaries"
 705         self.memo[i] = None
 706         dump = self.__dump
 707         write("<value><struct>\n")
 708         for k, v in value.items():
 709             write("<member>\n")
 710             if type(k) is not StringType:
 711                 if unicode and type(k) is UnicodeType:
 712                     k = k.encode(self.encoding)
 713                 else:
 714                     raise TypeError, "dictionary key must be string"
 715             write("<name>%s</name>\n" % escape(k))
 716             dump(v, write)
 717             write("</member>\n")
 718         write("</struct></value>\n")
 719         del self.memo[i]
 720     dispatch[DictType] = dump_struct
 721
 722     if datetime:
 723         def dump_datetime(self, value, write):
 724             write("<value><dateTime.iso8601>")
 725             write(value.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S"))
 726             write("</dateTime.iso8601></value>\n")
 727         dispatch[datetime.datetime] = dump_datetime
 728
 729         def dump_date(self, value, write):
 730             write("<value><dateTime.iso8601>")
 731             write(value.strftime("%Y%m%dT00:00:00"))
 732             write("</dateTime.iso8601></value>\n")
 733         dispatch[datetime.date] = dump_date
 734
 735         def dump_time(self, value, write):
 736             write("<value><dateTime.iso8601>")
 737             write(datetime.datetime.now().date().strftime("%Y%m%dT"))
 738             write(value.strftime("%H:%M:%S"))
 739             write("</dateTime.iso8601></value>\n")
 740         dispatch[datetime.time] = dump_time
 741
 742     def dump_instance(self, value, write):
 743         # check for special wrappers
 744         if value.__class__ in WRAPPERS:
 745             self.write = write
 746             value.encode(self)
 747             del self.write
 748         else:
 749             # store instance attributes as a struct (really?)
 750             self.dump_struct(value.__dict__, write)
 751     dispatch[InstanceType] = dump_instance
 752
 753 ##
 754 # XML-RPC unmarshaller.
 755 #
 756 # @see loads
 757
 758 class Unmarshaller:
 759     """Unmarshal an XML-RPC response, based on incoming XML event
 760     messages (start, data, end).  Call close() to get the resulting
 761     data structure.
 762
 763     Note that this reader is fairly tolerant, and gladly accepts bogus
 764     XML-RPC data without complaining (but not bogus XML).
 765     """
 766
 767     # and again, if you don't understand what's going on in here,
 768     # that's perfectly ok.
 769
 770     def __init__(self, use_datetime=0):
 771         self._type = None
 772         self._stack = []
 773         self._marks = []
 774         self._data = []
 775         self._methodname = None
 776         self._encoding = "utf-8"
 777         self.append = self._stack.append
 778         self._use_datetime = use_datetime
 779         if use_datetime and not datetime:
 780             raise ValueError, "the datetime module is not available"
 781
 782     def close(self):
 783         # return response tuple and target method
 784         if self._type is None or self._marks:
 785             raise ResponseError()
 786         if self._type == "fault":
 787             raise Fault(**self._stack[0])
 788         return tuple(self._stack)
 789
 790     def getmethodname(self):
 791         return self._methodname
 792
 793     #
 794     # event handlers
 795
 796     def xml(self, encoding, standalone):
 797         self._encoding = encoding
 798         # FIXME: assert standalone == 1 ???
 799
 800     def start(self, tag, attrs):
 801         # prepare to handle this element
 802         if tag == "array" or tag == "struct":
 803             self._marks.append(len(self._stack))
 804         self._data = []
 805         self._value = (tag == "value")
 806
 807     def data(self, text):
 808         self._data.append(text)
 809
 810     def end(self, tag, join=string.join):
 811         # call the appropriate end tag handler
 812         try:
 813             f = self.dispatch[tag]
 814         except KeyError:
 815             pass # unknown tag ?
 816         else:
 817             return f(self, join(self._data, ""))
 818
 819     #
 820     # accelerator support
 821
 822     def end_dispatch(self, tag, data):
 823         # dispatch data
 824         try:
 825             f = self.dispatch[tag]
 826         except KeyError:
 827             pass # unknown tag ?
 828         else:
 829             return f(self, data)
 830
 831     #
 832     # element decoders
 833
 834     dispatch = {}
 835
 836     def end_nil (self, data):
 837         self.append(None)
 838         self._value = 0
 839     dispatch["nil"] = end_nil
 840
 841     def end_boolean(self, data):
 842         if data == "0":
 843             self.append(False)
 844         elif data == "1":
 845             self.append(True)
 846         else:
 847             raise TypeError, "bad boolean value"
 848         self._value = 0
 849     dispatch["boolean"] = end_boolean
 850
 851     def end_int(self, data):
 852         self.append(int(data))
 853         self._value = 0
 854     dispatch["i4"] = end_int
 855     dispatch["int"] = end_int
 856
 857     def end_double(self, data):
 858         self.append(float(data))
 859         self._value = 0
 860     dispatch["double"] = end_double
 861
 862     def end_string(self, data):
 863         if self._encoding:
 864             data = _decode(data, self._encoding)
 865         self.append(_stringify(data))
 866         self._value = 0
 867     dispatch["string"] = end_string
 868     dispatch["name"] = end_string # struct keys are always strings
 869
 870     def end_array(self, data):
 871         mark = self._marks.pop()
 872         # map arrays to Python lists
 873         self._stack[mark:] = [self._stack[mark:]]
 874         self._value = 0
 875     dispatch["array"] = end_array
 876
 877     def end_struct(self, data):
 878         mark = self._marks.pop()
 879         # map structs to Python dictionaries
 880         dict = {}
 881         items = self._stack[mark:]
 882         for i in range(0, len(items), 2):
 883             dict[_stringify(items[i])] = items[i+1]
 884         self._stack[mark:] = [dict]
 885         self._value = 0
 886     dispatch["struct"] = end_struct
 887
 888     def end_base64(self, data):
 889         value = Binary()
 890         value.decode(data)
 891         self.append(value)
 892         self._value = 0
 893     dispatch["base64"] = end_base64
 894
 895     def end_dateTime(self, data):
 896         value = DateTime()
 897         value.decode(data)
 898         if self._use_datetime:
 899             value = _datetime_type(data)
 900         self.append(value)
 901     dispatch["dateTime.iso8601"] = end_dateTime
 902
 903     def end_value(self, data):
 904         # if we stumble upon a value element with no internal
 905         # elements, treat it as a string element
 906         if self._value:
 907             self.end_string(data)
 908     dispatch["value"] = end_value
 909
 910     def end_params(self, data):
 911         self._type = "params"
 912     dispatch["params"] = end_params
 913
 914     def end_fault(self, data):
 915         self._type = "fault"
 916     dispatch["fault"] = end_fault
 917
 918     def end_methodName(self, data):
 919         if self._encoding:
 920             data = _decode(data, self._encoding)
 921         self._methodname = data
 922         self._type = "methodName" # no params
 923     dispatch["methodName"] = end_methodName
 924
 925 ## Multicall support
 926 #
 927
 928 class _MultiCallMethod:
 929     # some lesser magic to store calls made to a MultiCall object
 930     # for batch execution
 931     def __init__(self, call_list, name):
 932         self.__call_list = call_list
 933         self.__name = name
 934     def __getattr__(self, name):
 935         return _MultiCallMethod(self.__call_list, "%s.%s" % (self.__name, name))
 936     def __call__(self, *args):
 937         self.__call_list.append((self.__name, args))
 938
 939 class MultiCallIterator:
 940     """Iterates over the results of a multicall. Exceptions are
 941     thrown in response to xmlrpc faults."""
 942
 943     def __init__(self, results):
 944         self.results = results
 945
 946     def __getitem__(self, i):
 947         item = self.results[i]
 948         if type(item) == type({}):
 949             raise Fault(item['faultCode'], item['faultString'])
 950         elif type(item) == type([]):
 951             return item[0]
 952         else:
 953             raise ValueError,\
 954                   "unexpected type in multicall result"
 955
 956 class MultiCall:
 957     """server -> a object used to boxcar method calls
 958
 959     server should be a ServerProxy object.
 960
 961     Methods can be added to the MultiCall using normal
 962     method call syntax e.g.:
 963
 964     multicall = MultiCall(server_proxy)
 965     multicall.add(2,3)
 966     multicall.get_address("Guido")
 967
 968     To execute the multicall, call the MultiCall object e.g.:
 969
 970     add_result, address = multicall()
 971     """
 972
 973     def __init__(self, server):
 974         self.__server = server
 975         self.__call_list = []
 976
 977     def __repr__(self):
 978         return "<MultiCall at %x>" % id(self)
 979
 980     __str__ = __repr__
 981
 982     def __getattr__(self, name):
 983         return _MultiCallMethod(self.__call_list, name)
 984
 985     def __call__(self):
 986         marshalled_list = []
 987         for name, args in self.__call_list:
 988             marshalled_list.append({'methodName' : name, 'params' : args})
 989
 990         return MultiCallIterator(self.__server.system.multicall(marshalled_list))
 991
 992 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 993 # convenience functions
 994
 995 ##
 996 # Create a parser object, and connect it to an unmarshalling instance.
 997 # This function picks the fastest available XML parser.
 998 #
 999 # return A (parser, unmarshaller) tuple.
1000
1001 def getparser(use_datetime=0):
1002     """getparser() -> parser, unmarshaller
1003
1004     Create an instance of the fastest available parser, and attach it
1005     to an unmarshalling object.  Return both objects.
1006     """
1007     if use_datetime and not datetime:
1008         raise ValueError, "the datetime module is not available"
1009     if FastParser and FastUnmarshaller:
1010         if use_datetime:
1011             mkdatetime = _datetime_type
1012         else:
1013             mkdatetime = _datetime
1014         target = FastUnmarshaller(True, False, _binary, mkdatetime, Fault)
1015         parser = FastParser(target)
1016     else:
1017         target = Unmarshaller(use_datetime=use_datetime)
1018         if FastParser:
1019             parser = FastParser(target)
1020         elif SgmlopParser:
1021             parser = SgmlopParser(target)
1022         elif ExpatParser:
1023             parser = ExpatParser(target)
1024         else:
1025             parser = SlowParser(target)
1026     return parser, target
1027
1028 ##
1029 # Convert a Python tuple or a Fault instance to an XML-RPC packet.
1030 #
1031 # @def dumps(params, **options)
1032 # @param params A tuple or Fault instance.
1033 # @keyparam methodname If given, create a methodCall request for
1034 #     this method name.
1035 # @keyparam methodresponse If given, create a methodResponse packet.
1036 #     If used with a tuple, the tuple must be a singleton (that is,
1037 #     it must contain exactly one element).
1038 # @keyparam encoding The packet encoding.
1039 # @return A string containing marshalled data.
1040
1041 def dumps(params, methodname=None, methodresponse=None, encoding=None,
1042           allow_none=0):
1043     """data [,options] -> marshalled data
1044
1045     Convert an argument tuple or a Fault instance to an XML-RPC
1046     request (or response, if the methodresponse option is used).
1047
1048     In addition to the data object, the following options can be given
1049     as keyword arguments:
1050
1051         methodname: the method name for a methodCall packet
1052
1053         methodresponse: true to create a methodResponse packet.
1054         If this option is used with a tuple, the tuple must be
1055         a singleton (i.e. it can contain only one element).
1056
1057         encoding: the packet encoding (default is UTF-8)
1058
1059     All 8-bit strings in the data structure are assumed to use the
1060     packet encoding.  Unicode strings are automatically converted,
1061     where necessary.
1062     """
1063
1064     assert isinstance(params, TupleType) or isinstance(params, Fault),\
1065            "argument must be tuple or Fault instance"
1066
1067     if isinstance(params, Fault):
1068         methodresponse = 1
1069     elif methodresponse and isinstance(params, TupleType):
1070         assert len(params) == 1, "response tuple must be a singleton"
1071
1072     if not encoding:
1073         encoding = "utf-8"
1074
1075     if FastMarshaller:
1076         m = FastMarshaller(encoding)
1077     else:
1078         m = Marshaller(encoding, allow_none)
1079
1080     data = m.dumps(params)
1081
1082     if encoding != "utf-8":
1083         xmlheader = "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='%s'?>\n" % str(encoding)
1084     else:
1085         xmlheader = "<?xml version='1.0'?>\n" # utf-8 is default
1086
1087     # standard XML-RPC wrappings
1088     if methodname:
1089         # a method call
1090         if not isinstance(methodname, StringType):
1091             methodname = methodname.encode(encoding)
1092         data = (
1093             xmlheader,
1094             "<methodCall>\n"
1095             "<methodName>", methodname, "</methodName>\n",
1096             data,
1097             "</methodCall>\n"
1098             )
1099     elif methodresponse:
1100         # a method response, or a fault structure
1101         data = (
1102             xmlheader,
1103             "<methodResponse>\n",
1104             data,
1105             "</methodResponse>\n"
1106             )
1107     else:
1108         return data # return as is
1109     return string.join(data, "")
1110
1111 ##
1112 # Convert an XML-RPC packet to a Python object.  If the XML-RPC packet
1113 # represents a fault condition, this function raises a Fault exception.
1114 #
1115 # @param data An XML-RPC packet, given as an 8-bit string.
1116 # @return A tuple containing the unpacked data, and the method name
1117 #     (None if not present).
1118 # @see Fault
1119
1120 def loads(data, use_datetime=0):
1121     """data -> unmarshalled data, method name
1122
1123     Convert an XML-RPC packet to unmarshalled data plus a method
1124     name (None if not present).
1125
1126     If the XML-RPC packet represents a fault condition, this function
1127     raises a Fault exception.
1128     """
1129     p, u = getparser(use_datetime=use_datetime)
1130     p.feed(data)
1131     p.close()
1132     return u.close(), u.getmethodname()
1133
1134
1135 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
1136 # request dispatcher
1137
1138 class _Method:
1139     # some magic to bind an XML-RPC method to an RPC server.
1140     # supports "nested" methods (e.g. examples.getStateName)
1141     def __init__(self, send, name):
1142         self.__send = send
1143         self.__name = name
1144     def __getattr__(self, name):
1145         return _Method(self.__send, "%s.%s" % (self.__name, name))
1146     def __call__(self, *args):
1147         return self.__send(self.__name, args)
1148
1149 ##
1150 # Standard transport class for XML-RPC over HTTP.
1151 # <p>
1152 # You can create custom transports by subclassing this method, and
1153 # overriding selected methods.
1154
1155 class Transport:
1156     """Handles an HTTP transaction to an XML-RPC server."""
1157
1158     # client identifier (may be overridden)
1159     user_agent = "xmlrpclib.py/%s (by www.pythonware.com)" % __version__
1160
1161     def __init__(self, use_datetime=0):
1162         self._use_datetime = use_datetime
1163
1164     ##
1165     # Send a complete request, and parse the response.
1166     #
1167     # @param host Target host.
1168     # @param handler Target PRC handler.
1169     # @param request_body XML-RPC request body.
1170     # @param verbose Debugging flag.
1171     # @return Parsed response.
1172
1173     def request(self, host, handler, request_body, verbose=0):
1174         # issue XML-RPC request
1175
1176         h = self.make_connection(host)
1177         if verbose:
1178             h.set_debuglevel(1)
1179
1180         self.send_request(h, handler, request_body)
1181         self.send_host(h, host)
1182         self.send_user_agent(h)
1183         self.send_content(h, request_body)
1184
1185         errcode, errmsg, headers = h.getreply()
1186
1187         if errcode != 200:
1188             raise ProtocolError(
1189                 host + handler,
1190                 errcode, errmsg,
1191                 headers
1192                 )
1193
1194         self.verbose = verbose
1195
1196         try:
1197             sock = h._conn.sock
1198         except AttributeError:
1199             sock = None
1200
1201         return self._parse_response(h.getfile(), sock)
1202
1203     ##
1204     # Create parser.
1205     #
1206     # @return A 2-tuple containing a parser and a unmarshaller.
1207
1208     def getparser(self):
1209         # get parser and unmarshaller
1210         return getparser(use_datetime=self._use_datetime)
1211
1212     ##
1213     # Get authorization info from host parameter
1214     # Host may be a string, or a (host, x509-dict) tuple; if a string,
1215     # it is checked for a "user:pw@host" format, and a "Basic
1216     # Authentication" header is added if appropriate.
1217     #
1218     # @param host Host descriptor (URL or (URL, x509 info) tuple).
1219     # @return A 3-tuple containing (actual host, extra headers,
1220     #     x509 info).  The header and x509 fields may be None.
1221
1222     def get_host_info(self, host):
1223
1224         x509 = {}
1225         if isinstance(host, TupleType):
1226             host, x509 = host
1227
1228         import urllib
1229         auth, host = urllib.splituser(host)
1230
1231         if auth:
1232             import base64
1233             auth = base64.encodestring(urllib.unquote(auth))
1234             auth = string.join(string.split(auth), "") # get rid of whitespace
1235             extra_headers = [
1236                 ("Authorization", "Basic " + auth)
1237                 ]
1238         else:
1239             extra_headers = None
1240
1241         return host, extra_headers, x509
1242
1243     ##
1244     # Connect to server.
1245     #
1246     # @param host Target host.
1247     # @return A connection handle.
1248
1249     def make_connection(self, host):
1250         # create a HTTP connection object from a host descriptor
1251         import httplib
1252         host, extra_headers, x509 = self.get_host_info(host)
1253         return httplib.HTTP(host)
1254
1255     ##
1256     # Send request header.
1257     #
1258     # @param connection Connection handle.
1259     # @param handler Target RPC handler.
1260     # @param request_body XML-RPC body.
1261
1262     def send_request(self, connection, handler, request_body):
1263         connection.putrequest("POST", handler)
1264
1265     ##
1266     # Send host name.
1267     #
1268     # @param connection Connection handle.
1269     # @param host Host name.
1270
1271     def send_host(self, connection, host):
1272         host, extra_headers, x509 = self.get_host_info(host)
1273         connection.putheader("Host", host)
1274         if extra_headers:
1275             if isinstance(extra_headers, DictType):
1276                 extra_headers = extra_headers.items()
1277             for key, value in extra_headers:
1278                 connection.putheader(key, value)
1279
1280     ##
1281     # Send user-agent identifier.
1282     #
1283     # @param connection Connection handle.
1284
1285     def send_user_agent(self, connection):
1286         connection.putheader("User-Agent", self.user_agent)
1287
1288     ##
1289     # Send request body.
1290     #
1291     # @param connection Connection handle.
1292     # @param request_body XML-RPC request body.
1293
1294     def send_content(self, connection, request_body):
1295         connection.putheader("Content-Type", "text/xml")
1296         connection.putheader("Content-Length", str(len(request_body)))
1297         connection.endheaders()
1298         if request_body:
1299             connection.send(request_body)
1300
1301     ##
1302     # Parse response.
1303     #
1304     # @param file Stream.
1305     # @return Response tuple and target method.
1306
1307     def parse_response(self, file):
1308         # compatibility interface
1309         return self._parse_response(file, None)
1310
1311     ##
1312     # Parse response (alternate interface).  This is similar to the
1313     # parse_response method, but also provides direct access to the
1314     # underlying socket object (where available).
1315     #
1316     # @param file Stream.
1317     # @param sock Socket handle (or None, if the socket object
1318     #    could not be accessed).
1319     # @return Response tuple and target method.
1320
1321     def _parse_response(self, file, sock):
1322         # read response from input file/socket, and parse it
1323
1324         p, u = self.getparser()
1325
1326         while 1:
1327             if sock:
1328                 response = sock.recv(1024)
1329             else:
1330                 response = file.read(1024)
1331             if not response:
1332                 break
1333             if self.verbose:
1334                 print "body:", repr(response)
1335             p.feed(response)
1336
1337         file.close()
1338         p.close()
1339
1340         return u.close()
1341
1342 ##
1343 # Standard transport class for XML-RPC over HTTPS.
1344
1345 class SafeTransport(Transport):
1346     """Handles an HTTPS transaction to an XML-RPC server."""
1347
1348     # FIXME: mostly untested
1349
1350     def make_connection(self, host):
1351         # create a HTTPS connection object from a host descriptor
1352         # host may be a string, or a (host, x509-dict) tuple
1353         import httplib
1354         host, extra_headers, x509 = self.get_host_info(host)
1355         try:
1356             HTTPS = httplib.HTTPS
1357         except AttributeError:
1358             raise NotImplementedError(
1359                 "your version of httplib doesn't support HTTPS"
1360                 )
1361         else:
1362             return HTTPS(host, None, **(x509 or {}))
1363
1364 ##
1365 # Standard server proxy.  This class establishes a virtual connection
1366 # to an XML-RPC server.
1367 # <p>
1368 # This class is available as ServerProxy and Server.  New code should
1369 # use ServerProxy, to avoid confusion.
1370 #
1371 # @def ServerProxy(uri, **options)
1372 # @param uri The connection point on the server.
1373 # @keyparam transport A transport factory, compatible with the
1374 #    standard transport class.
1375 # @keyparam encoding The default encoding used for 8-bit strings
1376 #    (default is UTF-8).
1377 # @keyparam verbose Use a true value to enable debugging output.
1378 #    (printed to standard output).
1379 # @see Transport
1380
1381 class ServerProxy:
1382     """uri [,options] -> a logical connection to an XML-RPC server
1383
1384     uri is the connection point on the server, given as
1385     scheme://host/target.
1386
1387     The standard implementation always supports the "http" scheme.  If
1388     SSL socket support is available (Python 2.0), it also supports
1389     "https".
1390
1391     If the target part and the slash preceding it are both omitted,
1392     "/RPC2" is assumed.
1393
1394     The following options can be given as keyword arguments:
1395
1396         transport: a transport factory
1397         encoding: the request encoding (default is UTF-8)
1398
1399     All 8-bit strings passed to the server proxy are assumed to use
1400     the given encoding.
1401     """
1402
1403     def __init__(self, uri, transport=None, encoding=None, verbose=0,
1404                  allow_none=0, use_datetime=0):
1405         # establish a "logical" server connection
1406
1407         # get the url
1408         import urllib
1409         type, uri = urllib.splittype(uri)
1410         if type not in ("http", "https"):
1411             raise IOError, "unsupported XML-RPC protocol"
1412         self.__host, self.__handler = urllib.splithost(uri)
1413         if not self.__handler:
1414             self.__handler = "/RPC2"
1415
1416         if transport is None:
1417             if type == "https":
1418                 transport = SafeTransport(use_datetime=use_datetime)
1419             else:
1420                 transport = Transport(use_datetime=use_datetime)
1421         self.__transport = transport
1422
1423         self.__encoding = encoding
1424         self.__verbose = verbose
1425         self.__allow_none = allow_none
1426
1427     def __request(self, methodname, params):
1428         # call a method on the remote server
1429
1430         request = dumps(params, methodname, encoding=self.__encoding,
1431                         allow_none=self.__allow_none)
1432
1433         response = self.__transport.request(
1434             self.__host,
1435             self.__handler,
1436             request,
1437             verbose=self.__verbose
1438             )
1439
1440         if len(response) == 1:
1441             response = response[0]
1442
1443         return response
1444
1445     def __repr__(self):
1446         return (
1447             "<ServerProxy for %s%s>" %
1448             (self.__host, self.__handler)
1449             )
1450
1451     __str__ = __repr__
1452
1453     def __getattr__(self, name):
1454         # magic method dispatcher
1455         return _Method(self.__request, name)
1456
1457     # note: to call a remote object with an non-standard name, use
1458     # result getattr(server, "strange-python-name")(args)
1459
1460 # compatibility
1461
1462 Server = ServerProxy
1463
1464 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
1465 # test code
1466
1467 if __name__ == "__main__":
1468
1469     # simple test program (from the XML-RPC specification)
1470
1471     # server = ServerProxy("http://localhost:8000") # local server
1472     server = ServerProxy("http://time.xmlrpc.com/RPC2")
1473
1474     print server
1475
1476     try:
1477         print server.currentTime.getCurrentTime()
1478     except Error, v:
1479         print "ERROR", v
1480
1481     multi = MultiCall(server)
1482     multi.currentTime.getCurrentTime()
1483     multi.currentTime.getCurrentTime()
1484     try:
1485         for response in multi():
1486             print response
1487     except Error, v:
1488         print "ERROR", v