Include/pymem.h

   1 /* The PyMem_ family:  low-level memory allocation interfaces.
   2    See objimpl.h for the PyObject_ memory family.
   3 */
   4
   5 #ifndef Py_PYMEM_H
   6 #define Py_PYMEM_H
   7
   8 #include "pyport.h"
   9
  10 #ifdef __cplusplus
  11 extern "C" {
  12 #endif
  13
  14 /* BEWARE:
  15
  16    Each interface exports both functions and macros.  Extension modules should
  17    use the functions, to ensure binary compatibility across Python versions.
  18    Because the Python implementation is free to change internal details, and
  19    the macros may (or may not) expose details for speed, if you do use the
  20    macros you must recompile your extensions with each Python release.
  21
  22    Never mix calls to PyMem_ with calls to the platform malloc/realloc/
  23    calloc/free.  For example, on Windows different DLLs may end up using
  24    different heaps, and if you use PyMem_Malloc you'll get the memory from the
  25    heap used by the Python DLL; it could be a disaster if you free()'ed that
  26    directly in your own extension.  Using PyMem_Free instead ensures Python
  27    can return the memory to the proper heap.  As another example, in
  28    PYMALLOC_DEBUG mode, Python wraps all calls to all PyMem_ and PyObject_
  29    memory functions in special debugging wrappers that add additional
  30    debugging info to dynamic memory blocks.  The system routines have no idea
  31    what to do with that stuff, and the Python wrappers have no idea what to do
  32    with raw blocks obtained directly by the system routines then.
  33
  34    The GIL must be held when using these APIs.
  35 */
  36
  37 /*
  38  * Raw memory interface
  39  * ====================
  40  */
  41
  42 /* Functions
  43
  44    Functions supplying platform-independent semantics for malloc/realloc/
  45    free.  These functions make sure that allocating 0 bytes returns a distinct
  46    non-NULL pointer (whenever possible -- if we're flat out of memory, NULL
  47    may be returned), even if the platform malloc and realloc don't.
  48    Returned pointers must be checked for NULL explicitly.  No action is
  49    performed on failure (no exception is set, no warning is printed, etc).
  50 */
  51
  52 PyAPI_FUNC(void *) PyMem_Malloc(size_t);
  53 PyAPI_FUNC(void *) PyMem_Realloc(void *, size_t);
  54 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyMem_Free(void *);
  55
  56 /* Starting from Python 1.6, the wrappers Py_{Malloc,Realloc,Free} are
  57    no longer supported. They used to call PyErr_NoMemory() on failure. */
  58
  59 /* Macros. */
  60 #ifdef PYMALLOC_DEBUG
  61 /* Redirect all memory operations to Python's debugging allocator. */
  62 #define PyMem_MALLOC            PyObject_MALLOC
  63 #define PyMem_REALLOC           PyObject_REALLOC
  64 #define PyMem_FREE              PyObject_FREE
  65
  66 #else   /* ! PYMALLOC_DEBUG */
  67
  68 /* PyMem_MALLOC(0) means malloc(1). Some systems would return NULL
  69    for malloc(0), which would be treated as an error. Some platforms
  70    would return a pointer with no memory behind it, which would break
  71    pymalloc. To solve these problems, allocate an extra byte. */
  72 #define PyMem_MALLOC(n)         malloc((n) ? (n) : 1)
  73 #define PyMem_REALLOC(p, n)     realloc((p), (n) ? (n) : 1)
  74 #define PyMem_FREE              free
  75
  76 #endif  /* PYMALLOC_DEBUG */
  77
  78 /*
  79  * Type-oriented memory interface
  80  * ==============================
  81  *
  82  * These are carried along for historical reasons.  There's rarely a good
  83  * reason to use them anymore (you can just as easily do the multiply and
  84  * cast yourself).
  85  */
  86
  87 #define PyMem_New(type, n) \
  88         ( (type *) PyMem_Malloc((n) * sizeof(type)) )
  89 #define PyMem_NEW(type, n) \
  90         ( (type *) PyMem_MALLOC((n) * sizeof(type)) )
  91
  92 #define PyMem_Resize(p, type, n) \
  93         ( (p) = (type *) PyMem_Realloc((p), (n) * sizeof(type)) )
  94 #define PyMem_RESIZE(p, type, n) \
  95         ( (p) = (type *) PyMem_REALLOC((p), (n) * sizeof(type)) )
  96
  97 /* PyMem{Del,DEL} are left over from ancient days, and shouldn't be used
  98  * anymore.  They're just confusing aliases for PyMem_{Free,FREE} now.
  99  */
 100 #define PyMem_Del               PyMem_Free
 101 #define PyMem_DEL               PyMem_FREE
 102
 103 #ifdef __cplusplus
 104 }
 105 #endif
 106
 107 #endif /* !Py_PYMEM_H */