5 String conversion and formatting
6 ================================
8 Functions for number conversion and formatted string output.
11 .. cfunction:: int PyOS_snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...)
13 Output not more than *size* bytes to *str* according to the format string
14 *format* and the extra arguments. See the Unix man page :manpage:`snprintf(2)`.
17 .. cfunction:: int PyOS_vsnprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, va_list va)
19 Output not more than *size* bytes to *str* according to the format string
20 *format* and the variable argument list *va*. Unix man page
21 :manpage:`vsnprintf(2)`.
23 :cfunc:`PyOS_snprintf` and :cfunc:`PyOS_vsnprintf` wrap the Standard C library
24 functions :cfunc:`snprintf` and :cfunc:`vsnprintf`. Their purpose is to
25 guarantee consistent behavior in corner cases, which the Standard C functions do
28 The wrappers ensure that *str*[*size*-1] is always ``'\0'`` upon return. They
29 never write more than *size* bytes (including the trailing ``'\0'`` into str.
30 Both functions require that ``str != NULL``, ``size > 0`` and ``format !=
33 If the platform doesn't have :cfunc:`vsnprintf` and the buffer size needed to
34 avoid truncation exceeds *size* by more than 512 bytes, Python aborts with a
37 The return value (*rv*) for these functions should be interpreted as follows:
39 * When ``0 <= rv < size``, the output conversion was successful and *rv*
40 characters were written to *str* (excluding the trailing ``'\0'`` byte at
43 * When ``rv >= size``, the output conversion was truncated and a buffer with
44 ``rv + 1`` bytes would have been needed to succeed. *str*[*size*-1] is ``'\0'``
47 * When ``rv < 0``, "something bad happened." *str*[*size*-1] is ``'\0'`` in
48 this case too, but the rest of *str* is undefined. The exact cause of the error
49 depends on the underlying platform.
51 The following functions provide locale-independent string to number conversions.
54 .. cfunction:: double PyOS_ascii_strtod(const char *nptr, char **endptr)
56 Convert a string to a :ctype:`double`. This function behaves like the Standard C
57 function :cfunc:`strtod` does in the C locale. It does this without changing the
58 current locale, since that would not be thread-safe.
60 :cfunc:`PyOS_ascii_strtod` should typically be used for reading configuration
61 files or other non-user input that should be locale independent.
65 See the Unix man page :manpage:`strtod(2)` for details.
68 .. cfunction:: char* PyOS_ascii_formatd(char *buffer, size_t buf_len, const char *format, double d)
70 Convert a :ctype:`double` to a string using the ``'.'`` as the decimal
71 separator. *format* is a :cfunc:`printf`\ -style format string specifying the
72 number format. Allowed conversion characters are ``'e'``, ``'E'``, ``'f'``,
73 ``'F'``, ``'g'`` and ``'G'``.
75 The return value is a pointer to *buffer* with the converted string or NULL if
76 the conversion failed.
80 This function is removed in Python 2.7 and 3.1. Use :func:`PyOS_double_to_string`
84 .. cfunction:: char* PyOS_double_to_string(double val, char format_code, int precision, int flags, int *ptype)
86 Convert a :ctype:`double` *val* to a string using supplied
87 *format_code*, *precision*, and *flags*.
89 *format_code* must be one of ``'e'``, ``'E'``, ``'f'``, ``'F'``,
90 ``'g'``, ``'G'`` or ``'r'``. For ``'r'``, the supplied *precision*
91 must be 0 and is ignored. The ``'r'`` format code specifies the
92 standard :func:`repr` format.
94 *flags* can be zero or more of the values *Py_DTSF_SIGN*,
95 *Py_DTSF_ADD_DOT_0*, or *Py_DTSF_ALT*, or-ed together:
97 * *Py_DTSF_SIGN* means to always precede the returned string with a sign
98 character, even if *val* is non-negative.
100 * *Py_DTSF_ADD_DOT_0* means to ensure that the returned string will not look
103 * *Py_DTSF_ALT* means to apply "alternate" formatting rules. See the
104 documentation for the :cfunc:`PyOS_snprintf` ``'#'`` specifier for
107 If *ptype* is non-NULL, then the value it points to will be set to one of
108 *Py_DTST_FINITE*, *Py_DTST_INFINITE*, or *Py_DTST_NAN*, signifying that
109 *val* is a finite number, an infinite number, or not a number, respectively.
111 The return value is a pointer to *buffer* with the converted string or
112 *NULL* if the conversion failed. The caller is responsible for freeing the
113 returned string by calling :cfunc:`PyMem_Free`.
115 .. versionadded:: 2.7
118 .. cfunction:: double PyOS_ascii_atof(const char *nptr)
120 Convert a string to a :ctype:`double` in a locale-independent way.
122 .. versionadded:: 2.4
124 See the Unix man page :manpage:`atof(2)` for details.
127 .. cfunction:: char* PyOS_stricmp(char *s1, char *s2)
129 Case insensitive comparison of strings. The function works almost
130 identically to :cfunc:`strcmp` except that it ignores the case.
132 .. versionadded:: 2.6
135 .. cfunction:: char* PyOS_strnicmp(char *s1, char *s2, Py_ssize_t size)
137 Case insensitive comparison of strings. The function works almost
138 identically to :cfunc:`strncmp` except that it ignores the case.
140 .. versionadded:: 2.6