2 :mod:`trace` --- Trace or track Python statement execution
3 ==========================================================
6 :synopsis: Trace or track Python statement execution.
9 The :mod:`trace` module allows you to trace program execution, generate
10 annotated statement coverage listings, print caller/callee relationships and
11 list functions executed during a program run. It can be used in another program
12 or from the command line.
20 The :mod:`trace` module can be invoked from the command line. It can be as
23 python -m trace --count somefile.py ...
25 The above will generate annotated listings of all Python modules imported during
26 the execution of :file:`somefile.py`.
28 The following command-line arguments are supported:
30 :option:`--trace`, :option:`-t`
31 Display lines as they are executed.
33 :option:`--count`, :option:`-c`
34 Produce a set of annotated listing files upon program completion that shows how
35 many times each statement was executed.
37 :option:`--report`, :option:`-r`
38 Produce an annotated list from an earlier program run that used the
39 :option:`--count` and :option:`--file` arguments.
41 :option:`--no-report`, :option:`-R`
42 Do not generate annotated listings. This is useful if you intend to make
43 several runs with :option:`--count` then produce a single set of annotated
46 :option:`--listfuncs`, :option:`-l`
47 List the functions executed by running the program.
49 :option:`--trackcalls`, :option:`-T`
50 Generate calling relationships exposed by running the program.
52 :option:`--file`, :option:`-f`
53 Name a file containing (or to contain) counts.
55 :option:`--coverdir`, :option:`-C`
56 Name a directory in which to save annotated listing files.
58 :option:`--missing`, :option:`-m`
59 When generating annotated listings, mark lines which were not executed with
62 :option:`--summary`, :option:`-s`
63 When using :option:`--count` or :option:`--report`, write a brief summary to
64 stdout for each file processed.
66 :option:`--ignore-module`
67 Accepts comma separated list of module names. Ignore each of the named
68 module and its submodules (if it is a package). May be given
71 :option:`--ignore-dir`
72 Ignore all modules and packages in the named directory and subdirectories
73 (multiple directories can be joined by os.pathsep). May be given multiple
83 .. class:: Trace([count=1[, trace=1[, countfuncs=0[, countcallers=0[, ignoremods=()[, ignoredirs=()[, infile=None[, outfile=None[, timing=False]]]]]]]]])
85 Create an object to trace execution of a single statement or expression. All
86 parameters are optional. *count* enables counting of line numbers. *trace*
87 enables line execution tracing. *countfuncs* enables listing of the functions
88 called during the run. *countcallers* enables call relationship tracking.
89 *ignoremods* is a list of modules or packages to ignore. *ignoredirs* is a list
90 of directories whose modules or packages should be ignored. *infile* is the
91 file from which to read stored count information. *outfile* is a file in which
92 to write updated count information. *timing* enables a timestamp relative
93 to when tracing was started to be displayed.
96 .. method:: Trace.run(cmd)
98 Run *cmd* under control of the Trace object with the current tracing parameters.
101 .. method:: Trace.runctx(cmd[, globals=None[, locals=None]])
103 Run *cmd* under control of the Trace object with the current tracing parameters
104 in the defined global and local environments. If not defined, *globals* and
105 *locals* default to empty dictionaries.
108 .. method:: Trace.runfunc(func, *args, **kwds)
110 Call *func* with the given arguments under control of the :class:`Trace` object
111 with the current tracing parameters.
113 This is a simple example showing the use of this module::
118 # create a Trace object, telling it what to ignore, and whether to
119 # do tracing or line-counting or both.
120 tracer = trace.Trace(
121 ignoredirs=[sys.prefix, sys.exec_prefix],
125 # run the new command using the given tracer
128 # make a report, placing output in /tmp
130 r.write_results(show_missing=True, coverdir="/tmp")