1 :mod:`sched` --- Event scheduler
2 ================================
5 :synopsis: General purpose event scheduler.
6 .. sectionauthor:: Moshe Zadka <moshez@zadka.site.co.il>
8 .. index:: single: event scheduling
10 The :mod:`sched` module defines a class which implements a general purpose event
14 .. class:: scheduler(timefunc, delayfunc)
16 The :class:`scheduler` class defines a generic interface to scheduling events.
17 It needs two functions to actually deal with the "outside world" --- *timefunc*
18 should be callable without arguments, and return a number (the "time", in any
19 units whatsoever). The *delayfunc* function should be callable with one
20 argument, compatible with the output of *timefunc*, and should delay that many
21 time units. *delayfunc* will also be called with the argument ``0`` after each
22 event is run to allow other threads an opportunity to run in multi-threaded
27 >>> import sched, time
28 >>> s = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)
29 >>> def print_time(): print "From print_time", time.time()
31 >>> def print_some_times():
33 ... s.enter(5, 1, print_time, ())
34 ... s.enter(10, 1, print_time, ())
38 >>> print_some_times()
40 From print_time 930343695.274
41 From print_time 930343700.273
44 In multi-threaded environments, the :class:`scheduler` class has limitations
45 with respect to thread-safety, inability to insert a new task before
46 the one currently pending in a running scheduler, and holding up the main
47 thread until the event queue is empty. Instead, the preferred approach
48 is to use the :class:`threading.Timer` class instead.
53 >>> from threading import Timer
55 ... print "From print_time", time.time()
57 >>> def print_some_times():
59 ... Timer(5, print_time, ()).start()
60 ... Timer(10, print_time, ()).start()
61 ... time.sleep(11) # sleep while time-delay events execute
64 >>> print_some_times()
66 From print_time 930343695.274
67 From print_time 930343700.273
71 .. _scheduler-objects:
76 :class:`scheduler` instances have the following methods and attributes:
79 .. method:: scheduler.enterabs(time, priority, action, argument)
81 Schedule a new event. The *time* argument should be a numeric type compatible
82 with the return value of the *timefunc* function passed to the constructor.
83 Events scheduled for the same *time* will be executed in the order of their
86 Executing the event means executing ``action(*argument)``. *argument* must be a
87 sequence holding the parameters for *action*.
89 Return value is an event which may be used for later cancellation of the event
93 .. method:: scheduler.enter(delay, priority, action, argument)
95 Schedule an event for *delay* more time units. Other then the relative time, the
96 other arguments, the effect and the return value are the same as those for
100 .. method:: scheduler.cancel(event)
102 Remove the event from the queue. If *event* is not an event currently in the
103 queue, this method will raise a :exc:`ValueError`.
106 .. method:: scheduler.empty()
108 Return true if the event queue is empty.
111 .. method:: scheduler.run()
113 Run all scheduled events. This function will wait (using the :func:`delayfunc`
114 function passed to the constructor) for the next event, then execute it and so
115 on until there are no more scheduled events.
117 Either *action* or *delayfunc* can raise an exception. In either case, the
118 scheduler will maintain a consistent state and propagate the exception. If an
119 exception is raised by *action*, the event will not be attempted in future calls
122 If a sequence of events takes longer to run than the time available before the
123 next event, the scheduler will simply fall behind. No events will be dropped;
124 the calling code is responsible for canceling events which are no longer
127 .. attribute:: scheduler.queue
129 Read-only attribute returning a list of upcoming events in the order they
130 will be run. Each event is shown as a :term:`named tuple` with the
131 following fields: time, priority, action, argument.
133 .. versionadded:: 2.6