2 :mod:`poplib` --- POP3 protocol client
3 ======================================
6 :synopsis: POP3 protocol client (requires sockets).
7 .. sectionauthor:: Andrew T. Csillag
8 .. revised by ESR, January 2000
10 .. index:: pair: POP3; protocol
12 This module defines a class, :class:`POP3`, which encapsulates a connection to a
13 POP3 server and implements the protocol as defined in :rfc:`1725`. The
14 :class:`POP3` class supports both the minimal and optional command sets.
15 Additionally, this module provides a class :class:`POP3_SSL`, which provides
16 support for connecting to POP3 servers that use SSL as an underlying protocol
19 Note that POP3, though widely supported, is obsolescent. The implementation
20 quality of POP3 servers varies widely, and too many are quite poor. If your
21 mailserver supports IMAP, you would be better off using the
22 :class:`imaplib.IMAP4` class, as IMAP servers tend to be better implemented.
24 A single class is provided by the :mod:`poplib` module:
27 .. class:: POP3(host[, port[, timeout]])
29 This class implements the actual POP3 protocol. The connection is created when
30 the instance is initialized. If *port* is omitted, the standard POP3 port (110)
31 is used. The optional *timeout* parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for the
32 connection attempt (if not specified, the global default timeout setting will
35 .. versionchanged:: 2.6
39 .. class:: POP3_SSL(host[, port[, keyfile[, certfile]]])
41 This is a subclass of :class:`POP3` that connects to the server over an SSL
42 encrypted socket. If *port* is not specified, 995, the standard POP3-over-SSL
43 port is used. *keyfile* and *certfile* are also optional - they can contain a
44 PEM formatted private key and certificate chain file for the SSL connection.
48 One exception is defined as an attribute of the :mod:`poplib` module:
51 .. exception:: error_proto
53 Exception raised on any errors from this module (errors from :mod:`socket`
54 module are not caught). The reason for the exception is passed to the
55 constructor as a string.
61 The standard Python IMAP module.
63 `Frequently Asked Questions About Fetchmail <http://www.catb.org/~esr/fetchmail/fetchmail-FAQ.html>`_
64 The FAQ for the :program:`fetchmail` POP/IMAP client collects information on
65 POP3 server variations and RFC noncompliance that may be useful if you need to
66 write an application based on the POP protocol.
74 All POP3 commands are represented by methods of the same name, in lower-case;
75 most return the response text sent by the server.
77 An :class:`POP3` instance has the following methods:
80 .. method:: POP3.set_debuglevel(level)
82 Set the instance's debugging level. This controls the amount of debugging
83 output printed. The default, ``0``, produces no debugging output. A value of
84 ``1`` produces a moderate amount of debugging output, generally a single line
85 per request. A value of ``2`` or higher produces the maximum amount of
86 debugging output, logging each line sent and received on the control connection.
89 .. method:: POP3.getwelcome()
91 Returns the greeting string sent by the POP3 server.
94 .. method:: POP3.user(username)
96 Send user command, response should indicate that a password is required.
99 .. method:: POP3.pass_(password)
101 Send password, response includes message count and mailbox size. Note: the
102 mailbox on the server is locked until :meth:`quit` is called.
105 .. method:: POP3.apop(user, secret)
107 Use the more secure APOP authentication to log into the POP3 server.
110 .. method:: POP3.rpop(user)
112 Use RPOP authentication (similar to UNIX r-commands) to log into POP3 server.
115 .. method:: POP3.stat()
117 Get mailbox status. The result is a tuple of 2 integers: ``(message count,
121 .. method:: POP3.list([which])
123 Request message list, result is in the form ``(response, ['mesg_num octets',
124 ...], octets)``. If *which* is set, it is the message to list.
127 .. method:: POP3.retr(which)
129 Retrieve whole message number *which*, and set its seen flag. Result is in form
130 ``(response, ['line', ...], octets)``.
133 .. method:: POP3.dele(which)
135 Flag message number *which* for deletion. On most servers deletions are not
136 actually performed until QUIT (the major exception is Eudora QPOP, which
137 deliberately violates the RFCs by doing pending deletes on any disconnect).
140 .. method:: POP3.rset()
142 Remove any deletion marks for the mailbox.
145 .. method:: POP3.noop()
147 Do nothing. Might be used as a keep-alive.
150 .. method:: POP3.quit()
152 Signoff: commit changes, unlock mailbox, drop connection.
155 .. method:: POP3.top(which, howmuch)
157 Retrieves the message header plus *howmuch* lines of the message after the
158 header of message number *which*. Result is in form ``(response, ['line', ...],
161 The POP3 TOP command this method uses, unlike the RETR command, doesn't set the
162 message's seen flag; unfortunately, TOP is poorly specified in the RFCs and is
163 frequently broken in off-brand servers. Test this method by hand against the
164 POP3 servers you will use before trusting it.
167 .. method:: POP3.uidl([which])
169 Return message digest (unique id) list. If *which* is specified, result contains
170 the unique id for that message in the form ``'response mesgnum uid``, otherwise
171 result is list ``(response, ['mesgnum uid', ...], octets)``.
173 Instances of :class:`POP3_SSL` have no additional methods. The interface of this
174 subclass is identical to its parent.
182 Here is a minimal example (without error checking) that opens a mailbox and
183 retrieves and prints all messages::
185 import getpass, poplib
187 M = poplib.POP3('localhost')
188 M.user(getpass.getuser())
189 M.pass_(getpass.getpass())
190 numMessages = len(M.list()[1])
191 for i in range(numMessages):
192 for j in M.retr(i+1)[1]:
195 At the end of the module, there is a test section that contains a more extensive