1 :mod:`runpy` --- Locating and executing Python modules
2 ======================================================
5 :synopsis: Locate and run Python modules without importing them first.
6 .. moduleauthor:: Nick Coghlan <ncoghlan@gmail.com>
11 The :mod:`runpy` module is used to locate and run Python modules without
12 importing them first. Its main use is to implement the :option:`-m` command line
13 switch that allows scripts to be located using the Python module namespace
14 rather than the filesystem.
16 When executed as a script, the module effectively operates as follows::
18 del sys.argv[0] # Remove the runpy module from the arguments
19 run_module(sys.argv[0], run_name="__main__", alter_sys=True)
21 The :mod:`runpy` module provides a single function:
24 .. function:: run_module(mod_name[, init_globals] [, run_name][, alter_sys])
26 Execute the code of the specified module and return the resulting module globals
27 dictionary. The module's code is first located using the standard import
28 mechanism (refer to PEP 302 for details) and then executed in a fresh module
31 If the supplied module name refers to a package rather than a normal module,
32 then that package is imported and the ``__main__`` submodule within that
33 package is then executed and the resulting module globals dictionary returned.
35 The optional dictionary argument *init_globals* may be used to pre-populate the
36 globals dictionary before the code is executed. The supplied dictionary will not
37 be modified. If any of the special global variables below are defined in the
38 supplied dictionary, those definitions are overridden by the ``run_module``
41 The special global variables ``__name__``, ``__file__``, ``__loader__``,
42 ``__builtins__`` and ``__package__`` are set in the globals dictionary before
43 the module code is executed.
45 ``__name__`` is set to *run_name* if this optional argument is supplied, to
46 ``mod_name + '.__main__'`` if the named module is a package and to the
47 *mod_name* argument otherwise.
49 ``__loader__`` is set to the PEP 302 module loader used to retrieve the code for
50 the module (This loader may be a wrapper around the standard import mechanism).
52 ``__file__`` is set to the name provided by the module loader. If the loader
53 does not make filename information available, this variable is set to ``None``.
55 ``__builtins__`` is automatically initialised with a reference to the top level
56 namespace of the :mod:`__builtin__` module.
58 ``__package__`` is set to *mod_name* if the named module is a package and to
59 ``mod_name.rpartition('.')[0]`` otherwise.
61 If the argument *alter_sys* is supplied and evaluates to ``True``, then
62 ``sys.argv[0]`` is updated with the value of ``__file__`` and
63 ``sys.modules[__name__]`` is updated with a temporary module object for the
64 module being executed. Both ``sys.argv[0]`` and ``sys.modules[__name__]``
65 are restored to their original values before the function returns.
67 Note that this manipulation of :mod:`sys` is not thread-safe. Other threads may
68 see the partially initialised module, as well as the altered list of arguments.
69 It is recommended that the :mod:`sys` module be left alone when invoking this
70 function from threaded code.
73 .. versionchanged:: 2.7
74 Added ability to execute packages by looking for a ``__main__`` submodule
79 :pep:`338` - Executing modules as scripts
80 PEP written and implemented by Nick Coghlan.
82 :pep:`366` - Main module explicit relative imports
83 PEP written and implemented by Nick Coghlan.