1 This document describes some caveats about the use of Valgrind with
2 Python. Valgrind is used periodically by Python developers to try
3 to ensure there are no memory leaks or invalid memory reads/writes.
5 If you don't want to read about the details of using Valgrind, there
6 are still two things you must do to suppress the warnings. First,
7 you must use a suppressions file. One is supplied in
8 Misc/valgrind-python.supp. Second, you must do one of the following:
10 * Uncomment Py_USING_MEMORY_DEBUGGER in Objects/obmalloc.c,
12 * Uncomment the lines in Misc/valgrind-python.supp that
13 suppress the warnings for PyObject_Free and PyObject_Realloc
15 If you want to use Valgrind more effectively and catch even more
16 memory leaks, you will need to configure python --without-pymalloc.
17 PyMalloc allocates a few blocks in big chunks and most object
18 allocations don't call malloc, they use chunks doled about by PyMalloc
19 from the big blocks. This means Valgrind can't detect
20 many allocations (and frees), except for those that are forwarded
21 to the system malloc. Note: configuring python --without-pymalloc
22 makes Python run much slower, especially when running under Valgrind.
23 You may need to run the tests in batches under Valgrind to keep
24 the memory usage down to allow the tests to complete. It seems to take
25 about 5 times longer to run --without-pymalloc.
28 test_ctypes causes Valgrind 3.1.1 to fail (crash).
29 test_socket_ssl should be skipped when running valgrind.
30 The reason is that it purposely uses uninitialized memory.
31 This causes many spurious warnings, so it's easier to just skip it.
36 Python uses its own small-object allocation scheme on top of malloc,
39 Valgrind may show some unexpected results when PyMalloc is used.
40 Starting with Python 2.3, PyMalloc is used by default. You can disable
41 PyMalloc when configuring python by adding the --without-pymalloc option.
42 If you disable PyMalloc, most of the information in this document and
43 the supplied suppressions file will not be useful. As discussed above,
44 disabling PyMalloc can catch more problems.
46 If you use valgrind on a default build of Python, you will see
49 ==6399== Use of uninitialised value of size 4
50 ==6399== at 0x4A9BDE7E: PyObject_Free (obmalloc.c:711)
51 ==6399== by 0x4A9B8198: dictresize (dictobject.c:477)
53 These are expected and not a problem. Tim Peters explains
56 PyMalloc needs to know whether an arbitrary address is one
57 that's managed by it, or is managed by the system malloc.
58 The current scheme allows this to be determined in constant
59 time, regardless of how many memory areas are under pymalloc's
62 The memory pymalloc manages itself is in one or more "arenas",
63 each a large contiguous memory area obtained from malloc.
64 The base address of each arena is saved by pymalloc
65 in a vector. Each arena is carved into "pools", and a field at
66 the start of each pool contains the index of that pool's arena's
67 base address in that vector.
69 Given an arbitrary address, pymalloc computes the pool base
70 address corresponding to it, then looks at "the index" stored
71 near there. If the index read up is out of bounds for the
72 vector of arena base addresses pymalloc maintains, then
73 pymalloc knows for certain that this address is not under
74 pymalloc's control. Otherwise the index is in bounds, and
77 the arena base address stored at that index in the vector
81 the arbitrary address pymalloc is investigating
83 pymalloc controls this arbitrary address if and only if it lies
84 in the arena the address's pool's index claims it lies in.
86 It doesn't matter whether the memory pymalloc reads up ("the
87 index") is initialized. If it's not initialized, then
88 whatever trash gets read up will lead pymalloc to conclude
89 (correctly) that the address isn't controlled by it, either
90 because the index is out of bounds, or the index is in bounds
91 but the arena it represents doesn't contain the address.
93 This determination has to be made on every call to one of
94 pymalloc's free/realloc entry points, so its speed is critical
95 (Python allocates and frees dynamic memory at a ferocious rate
96 -- everything in Python, from integers to "stack frames",