2 :mod:`HTMLParser` --- Simple HTML and XHTML parser
3 ==================================================
6 :synopsis: A simple parser that can handle HTML and XHTML.
10 The :mod:`HTMLParser` module has been renamed to :mod:`html.parser` in Python
11 3.0. The :term:`2to3` tool will automatically adapt imports when converting
21 This module defines a class :class:`HTMLParser` which serves as the basis for
22 parsing text files formatted in HTML (HyperText Mark-up Language) and XHTML.
23 Unlike the parser in :mod:`htmllib`, this parser is not based on the SGML parser
27 .. class:: HTMLParser()
29 The :class:`HTMLParser` class is instantiated without arguments.
31 An :class:`HTMLParser` instance is fed HTML data and calls handler functions when tags
32 begin and end. The :class:`HTMLParser` class is meant to be overridden by the
33 user to provide a desired behavior.
35 Unlike the parser in :mod:`htmllib`, this parser does not check that end tags
36 match start tags or call the end-tag handler for elements which are closed
37 implicitly by closing an outer element.
39 An exception is defined as well:
42 .. exception:: HTMLParseError
44 Exception raised by the :class:`HTMLParser` class when it encounters an error
45 while parsing. This exception provides three attributes: :attr:`msg` is a brief
46 message explaining the error, :attr:`lineno` is the number of the line on which
47 the broken construct was detected, and :attr:`offset` is the number of
48 characters into the line at which the construct starts.
50 :class:`HTMLParser` instances have the following methods:
53 .. method:: HTMLParser.reset()
55 Reset the instance. Loses all unprocessed data. This is called implicitly at
59 .. method:: HTMLParser.feed(data)
61 Feed some text to the parser. It is processed insofar as it consists of
62 complete elements; incomplete data is buffered until more data is fed or
63 :meth:`close` is called.
66 .. method:: HTMLParser.close()
68 Force processing of all buffered data as if it were followed by an end-of-file
69 mark. This method may be redefined by a derived class to define additional
70 processing at the end of the input, but the redefined version should always call
71 the :class:`HTMLParser` base class method :meth:`close`.
74 .. method:: HTMLParser.getpos()
76 Return current line number and offset.
79 .. method:: HTMLParser.get_starttag_text()
81 Return the text of the most recently opened start tag. This should not normally
82 be needed for structured processing, but may be useful in dealing with HTML "as
83 deployed" or for re-generating input with minimal changes (whitespace between
84 attributes can be preserved, etc.).
87 .. method:: HTMLParser.handle_starttag(tag, attrs)
89 This method is called to handle the start of a tag. It is intended to be
90 overridden by a derived class; the base class implementation does nothing.
92 The *tag* argument is the name of the tag converted to lower case. The *attrs*
93 argument is a list of ``(name, value)`` pairs containing the attributes found
94 inside the tag's ``<>`` brackets. The *name* will be translated to lower case,
95 and quotes in the *value* have been removed, and character and entity references
96 have been replaced. For instance, for the tag ``<A
97 HREF="http://www.cwi.nl/">``, this method would be called as
98 ``handle_starttag('a', [('href', 'http://www.cwi.nl/')])``.
100 .. versionchanged:: 2.6
101 All entity references from :mod:`htmlentitydefs` are now replaced in the attribute
105 .. method:: HTMLParser.handle_startendtag(tag, attrs)
107 Similar to :meth:`handle_starttag`, but called when the parser encounters an
108 XHTML-style empty tag (``<a .../>``). This method may be overridden by
109 subclasses which require this particular lexical information; the default
110 implementation simple calls :meth:`handle_starttag` and :meth:`handle_endtag`.
113 .. method:: HTMLParser.handle_endtag(tag)
115 This method is called to handle the end tag of an element. It is intended to be
116 overridden by a derived class; the base class implementation does nothing. The
117 *tag* argument is the name of the tag converted to lower case.
120 .. method:: HTMLParser.handle_data(data)
122 This method is called to process arbitrary data. It is intended to be
123 overridden by a derived class; the base class implementation does nothing.
126 .. method:: HTMLParser.handle_charref(name)
128 This method is called to process a character reference of the form ``&#ref;``.
129 It is intended to be overridden by a derived class; the base class
130 implementation does nothing.
133 .. method:: HTMLParser.handle_entityref(name)
135 This method is called to process a general entity reference of the form
136 ``&name;`` where *name* is an general entity reference. It is intended to be
137 overridden by a derived class; the base class implementation does nothing.
140 .. method:: HTMLParser.handle_comment(data)
142 This method is called when a comment is encountered. The *comment* argument is
143 a string containing the text between the ``--`` and ``--`` delimiters, but not
144 the delimiters themselves. For example, the comment ``<!--text-->`` will cause
145 this method to be called with the argument ``'text'``. It is intended to be
146 overridden by a derived class; the base class implementation does nothing.
149 .. method:: HTMLParser.handle_decl(decl)
151 Method called when an SGML declaration is read by the parser. The *decl*
152 parameter will be the entire contents of the declaration inside the ``<!``...\
153 ``>`` markup. It is intended to be overridden by a derived class; the base
154 class implementation does nothing.
157 .. method:: HTMLParser.handle_pi(data)
159 Method called when a processing instruction is encountered. The *data*
160 parameter will contain the entire processing instruction. For example, for the
161 processing instruction ``<?proc color='red'>``, this method would be called as
162 ``handle_pi("proc color='red'")``. It is intended to be overridden by a derived
163 class; the base class implementation does nothing.
167 The :class:`HTMLParser` class uses the SGML syntactic rules for processing
168 instructions. An XHTML processing instruction using the trailing ``'?'`` will
169 cause the ``'?'`` to be included in *data*.
172 .. _htmlparser-example:
174 Example HTML Parser Application
175 -------------------------------
177 As a basic example, below is a very basic HTML parser that uses the
178 :class:`HTMLParser` class to print out tags as they are encountered::
180 from HTMLParser import HTMLParser
182 class MyHTMLParser(HTMLParser):
184 def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
185 print "Encountered the beginning of a %s tag" % tag
187 def handle_endtag(self, tag):
188 print "Encountered the end of a %s tag" % tag