2 :mod:`fnmatch` --- Unix filename pattern matching
3 =================================================
6 :synopsis: Unix shell style filename pattern matching.
9 .. index:: single: filenames; wildcard expansion
13 This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are *not* the
14 same as regular expressions (which are documented in the :mod:`re` module). The
15 special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:
17 +------------+------------------------------------+
19 +============+====================================+
20 | ``*`` | matches everything |
21 +------------+------------------------------------+
22 | ``?`` | matches any single character |
23 +------------+------------------------------------+
24 | ``[seq]`` | matches any character in *seq* |
25 +------------+------------------------------------+
26 | ``[!seq]`` | matches any character not in *seq* |
27 +------------+------------------------------------+
29 .. index:: module: glob
31 Note that the filename separator (``'/'`` on Unix) is *not* special to this
32 module. See module :mod:`glob` for pathname expansion (:mod:`glob` uses
33 :func:`fnmatch` to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with
34 a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the ``*`` and ``?``
38 .. function:: fnmatch(filename, pattern)
40 Test whether the *filename* string matches the *pattern* string, returning
41 :const:`True` or :const:`False`. If the operating system is case-insensitive,
42 then both parameters will be normalized to all lower- or upper-case before
43 the comparison is performed. :func:`fnmatchcase` can be used to perform a
44 case-sensitive comparison, regardless of whether that's standard for the
47 This example will print all file names in the current directory with the
53 for file in os.listdir('.'):
54 if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'):
58 .. function:: fnmatchcase(filename, pattern)
60 Test whether *filename* matches *pattern*, returning :const:`True` or
61 :const:`False`; the comparison is case-sensitive.
64 .. function:: filter(names, pattern)
66 Return the subset of the list of *names* that match *pattern*. It is the same as
67 ``[n for n in names if fnmatch(n, pattern)]``, but implemented more efficiently.
72 .. function:: translate(pattern)
74 Return the shell-style *pattern* converted to a regular expression.
78 >>> import fnmatch, re
80 >>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt')
83 >>> reobj = re.compile(regex)
84 >>> reobj.match('foobar.txt')
85 <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x...>
91 Unix shell-style path expansion.