Update copyright for 2022

[pgsql.git] / src / backend / storage / ipc / sinvaladt.c

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * sinvaladt.c
 *        POSTGRES shared cache invalidation data manager.
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *        src/backend/storage/ipc/sinvaladt.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "access/transam.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "storage/backendid.h"
#include "storage/ipc.h"
#include "storage/proc.h"
#include "storage/procsignal.h"
#include "storage/shmem.h"
#include "storage/sinvaladt.h"
#include "storage/spin.h"

/*
 * Conceptually, the shared cache invalidation messages are stored in an
 * infinite array, where maxMsgNum is the next array subscript to store a
 * submitted message in, minMsgNum is the smallest array subscript containing
 * a message not yet read by all backends, and we always have maxMsgNum >=
 * minMsgNum.  (They are equal when there are no messages pending.)  For each
 * active backend, there is a nextMsgNum pointer indicating the next message it
 * needs to read; we have maxMsgNum >= nextMsgNum >= minMsgNum for every
 * backend.
 *
 * (In the current implementation, minMsgNum is a lower bound for the
 * per-process nextMsgNum values, but it isn't rigorously kept equal to the
 * smallest nextMsgNum --- it may lag behind.  We only update it when
 * SICleanupQueue is called, and we try not to do that often.)
 *
 * In reality, the messages are stored in a circular buffer of MAXNUMMESSAGES
 * entries.  We translate MsgNum values into circular-buffer indexes by
 * computing MsgNum % MAXNUMMESSAGES (this should be fast as long as
 * MAXNUMMESSAGES is a constant and a power of 2).  As long as maxMsgNum
 * doesn't exceed minMsgNum by more than MAXNUMMESSAGES, we have enough space
 * in the buffer.  If the buffer does overflow, we recover by setting the
 * "reset" flag for each backend that has fallen too far behind.  A backend
 * that is in "reset" state is ignored while determining minMsgNum.  When
 * it does finally attempt to receive inval messages, it must discard all
 * its invalidatable state, since it won't know what it missed.
 *
 * To reduce the probability of needing resets, we send a "catchup" interrupt
 * to any backend that seems to be falling unreasonably far behind.  The
 * normal behavior is that at most one such interrupt is in flight at a time;
 * when a backend completes processing a catchup interrupt, it executes
 * SICleanupQueue, which will signal the next-furthest-behind backend if
 * needed.  This avoids undue contention from multiple backends all trying
 * to catch up at once.  However, the furthest-back backend might be stuck
 * in a state where it can't catch up.  Eventually it will get reset, so it
 * won't cause any more problems for anyone but itself.  But we don't want
 * to find that a bunch of other backends are now too close to the reset
 * threshold to be saved.  So SICleanupQueue is designed to occasionally
 * send extra catchup interrupts as the queue gets fuller, to backends that
 * are far behind and haven't gotten one yet.  As long as there aren't a lot
 * of "stuck" backends, we won't need a lot of extra interrupts, since ones
 * that aren't stuck will propagate their interrupts to the next guy.
 *
 * We would have problems if the MsgNum values overflow an integer, so
 * whenever minMsgNum exceeds MSGNUMWRAPAROUND, we subtract MSGNUMWRAPAROUND
 * from all the MsgNum variables simultaneously.  MSGNUMWRAPAROUND can be
 * large so that we don't need to do this often.  It must be a multiple of
 * MAXNUMMESSAGES so that the existing circular-buffer entries don't need
 * to be moved when we do it.
 *
 * Access to the shared sinval array is protected by two locks, SInvalReadLock
 * and SInvalWriteLock.  Readers take SInvalReadLock in shared mode; this
 * authorizes them to modify their own ProcState but not to modify or even
 * look at anyone else's.  When we need to perform array-wide updates,
 * such as in SICleanupQueue, we take SInvalReadLock in exclusive mode to
 * lock out all readers.  Writers take SInvalWriteLock (always in exclusive
 * mode) to serialize adding messages to the queue.  Note that a writer
 * can operate in parallel with one or more readers, because the writer
 * has no need to touch anyone's ProcState, except in the infrequent cases
 * when SICleanupQueue is needed.  The only point of overlap is that
 * the writer wants to change maxMsgNum while readers need to read it.
 * We deal with that by having a spinlock that readers must take for just
 * long enough to read maxMsgNum, while writers take it for just long enough
 * to write maxMsgNum.  (The exact rule is that you need the spinlock to
 * read maxMsgNum if you are not holding SInvalWriteLock, and you need the
 * spinlock to write maxMsgNum unless you are holding both locks.)
 *
 * Note: since maxMsgNum is an int and hence presumably atomically readable/
 * writable, the spinlock might seem unnecessary.  The reason it is needed
 * is to provide a memory barrier: we need to be sure that messages written
 * to the array are actually there before maxMsgNum is increased, and that
 * readers will see that data after fetching maxMsgNum.  Multiprocessors
 * that have weak memory-ordering guarantees can fail without the memory
 * barrier instructions that are included in the spinlock sequences.
 */


/*
 * Configurable parameters.
 *
 * MAXNUMMESSAGES: max number of shared-inval messages we can buffer.
 * Must be a power of 2 for speed.
 *
 * MSGNUMWRAPAROUND: how often to reduce MsgNum variables to avoid overflow.
 * Must be a multiple of MAXNUMMESSAGES.  Should be large.
 *
 * CLEANUP_MIN: the minimum number of messages that must be in the buffer
 * before we bother to call SICleanupQueue.
 *
 * CLEANUP_QUANTUM: how often (in messages) to call SICleanupQueue once
 * we exceed CLEANUP_MIN.  Should be a power of 2 for speed.
 *
 * SIG_THRESHOLD: the minimum number of messages a backend must have fallen
 * behind before we'll send it PROCSIG_CATCHUP_INTERRUPT.
 *
 * WRITE_QUANTUM: the max number of messages to push into the buffer per
 * iteration of SIInsertDataEntries.  Noncritical but should be less than
 * CLEANUP_QUANTUM, because we only consider calling SICleanupQueue once
 * per iteration.
 */

#define MAXNUMMESSAGES 4096
#define MSGNUMWRAPAROUND (MAXNUMMESSAGES * 262144)
#define CLEANUP_MIN (MAXNUMMESSAGES / 2)
#define CLEANUP_QUANTUM (MAXNUMMESSAGES / 16)
#define SIG_THRESHOLD (MAXNUMMESSAGES / 2)
#define WRITE_QUANTUM 64

/* Per-backend state in shared invalidation structure */
typedef struct ProcState
{
        /* procPid is zero in an inactive ProcState array entry. */
        pid_t           procPid;                /* PID of backend, for signaling */
        PGPROC     *proc;                       /* PGPROC of backend */
        /* nextMsgNum is meaningless if procPid == 0 or resetState is true. */
        int                     nextMsgNum;             /* next message number to read */
        bool            resetState;             /* backend needs to reset its state */
        bool            signaled;               /* backend has been sent catchup signal */
        bool            hasMessages;    /* backend has unread messages */

        /*
         * Backend only sends invalidations, never receives them. This only makes
         * sense for Startup process during recovery because it doesn't maintain a
         * relcache, yet it fires inval messages to allow query backends to see
         * schema changes.
         */
        bool            sendOnly;               /* backend only sends, never receives */

        /*
         * Next LocalTransactionId to use for each idle backend slot.  We keep
         * this here because it is indexed by BackendId and it is convenient to
         * copy the value to and from local memory when MyBackendId is set. It's
         * meaningless in an active ProcState entry.
         */
        LocalTransactionId nextLXID;
} ProcState;

/* Shared cache invalidation memory segment */
typedef struct SISeg
{
        /*
         * General state information
         */
        int                     minMsgNum;              /* oldest message still needed */
        int                     maxMsgNum;              /* next message number to be assigned */
        int                     nextThreshold;  /* # of messages to call SICleanupQueue */
        int                     lastBackend;    /* index of last active procState entry, +1 */
        int                     maxBackends;    /* size of procState array */

        slock_t         msgnumLock;             /* spinlock protecting maxMsgNum */

        /*
         * Circular buffer holding shared-inval messages
         */
        SharedInvalidationMessage buffer[MAXNUMMESSAGES];

        /*
         * Per-backend invalidation state info (has MaxBackends entries).
         */
        ProcState       procState[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
} SISeg;

static SISeg *shmInvalBuffer;   /* pointer to the shared inval buffer */


static LocalTransactionId nextLocalTransactionId;

static void CleanupInvalidationState(int status, Datum arg);


/*
 * SInvalShmemSize --- return shared-memory space needed
 */
Size
SInvalShmemSize(void)
{
        Size            size;

        size = offsetof(SISeg, procState);
        size = add_size(size, mul_size(sizeof(ProcState), MaxBackends));

        return size;
}

/*
 * CreateSharedInvalidationState
 *              Create and initialize the SI message buffer
 */
void
CreateSharedInvalidationState(void)
{
        int                     i;
        bool            found;

        /* Allocate space in shared memory */
        shmInvalBuffer = (SISeg *)
                ShmemInitStruct("shmInvalBuffer", SInvalShmemSize(), &found);
        if (found)
                return;

        /* Clear message counters, save size of procState array, init spinlock */
        shmInvalBuffer->minMsgNum = 0;
        shmInvalBuffer->maxMsgNum = 0;
        shmInvalBuffer->nextThreshold = CLEANUP_MIN;
        shmInvalBuffer->lastBackend = 0;
        shmInvalBuffer->maxBackends = MaxBackends;
        SpinLockInit(&shmInvalBuffer->msgnumLock);

        /* The buffer[] array is initially all unused, so we need not fill it */

        /* Mark all backends inactive, and initialize nextLXID */
        for (i = 0; i < shmInvalBuffer->maxBackends; i++)
        {
                shmInvalBuffer->procState[i].procPid = 0;       /* inactive */
                shmInvalBuffer->procState[i].proc = NULL;
                shmInvalBuffer->procState[i].nextMsgNum = 0;    /* meaningless */
                shmInvalBuffer->procState[i].resetState = false;
                shmInvalBuffer->procState[i].signaled = false;
                shmInvalBuffer->procState[i].hasMessages = false;
                shmInvalBuffer->procState[i].nextLXID = InvalidLocalTransactionId;
        }
}

/*
 * SharedInvalBackendInit
 *              Initialize a new backend to operate on the sinval buffer
 */
void
SharedInvalBackendInit(bool sendOnly)
{
        int                     index;
        ProcState  *stateP = NULL;
        SISeg      *segP = shmInvalBuffer;

        /*
         * This can run in parallel with read operations, but not with write
         * operations, since SIInsertDataEntries relies on lastBackend to set
         * hasMessages appropriately.
         */
        LWLockAcquire(SInvalWriteLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);

        /* Look for a free entry in the procState array */
        for (index = 0; index < segP->lastBackend; index++)
        {
                if (segP->procState[index].procPid == 0)        /* inactive slot? */
                {
                        stateP = &segP->procState[index];
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (stateP == NULL)
        {
                if (segP->lastBackend < segP->maxBackends)
                {
                        stateP = &segP->procState[segP->lastBackend];
                        Assert(stateP->procPid == 0);
                        segP->lastBackend++;
                }
                else
                {
                        /*
                         * out of procState slots: MaxBackends exceeded -- report normally
                         */
                        MyBackendId = InvalidBackendId;
                        LWLockRelease(SInvalWriteLock);
                        ereport(FATAL,
                                        (errcode(ERRCODE_TOO_MANY_CONNECTIONS),
                                         errmsg("sorry, too many clients already")));
                }
        }

        MyBackendId = (stateP - &segP->procState[0]) + 1;

        /* Advertise assigned backend ID in MyProc */
        MyProc->backendId = MyBackendId;

        /* Fetch next local transaction ID into local memory */
        nextLocalTransactionId = stateP->nextLXID;

        /* mark myself active, with all extant messages already read */
        stateP->procPid = MyProcPid;
        stateP->proc = MyProc;
        stateP->nextMsgNum = segP->maxMsgNum;
        stateP->resetState = false;
        stateP->signaled = false;
        stateP->hasMessages = false;
        stateP->sendOnly = sendOnly;

        LWLockRelease(SInvalWriteLock);

        /* register exit routine to mark my entry inactive at exit */
        on_shmem_exit(CleanupInvalidationState, PointerGetDatum(segP));

        elog(DEBUG4, "my backend ID is %d", MyBackendId);
}

/*
 * CleanupInvalidationState
 *              Mark the current backend as no longer active.
 *
 * This function is called via on_shmem_exit() during backend shutdown.
 *
 * arg is really of type "SISeg*".
 */
static void
CleanupInvalidationState(int status, Datum arg)
{
        SISeg      *segP = (SISeg *) DatumGetPointer(arg);
        ProcState  *stateP;
        int                     i;

        Assert(PointerIsValid(segP));

        LWLockAcquire(SInvalWriteLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);

        stateP = &segP->procState[MyBackendId - 1];

        /* Update next local transaction ID for next holder of this backendID */
        stateP->nextLXID = nextLocalTransactionId;

        /* Mark myself inactive */
        stateP->procPid = 0;
        stateP->proc = NULL;
        stateP->nextMsgNum = 0;
        stateP->resetState = false;
        stateP->signaled = false;

        /* Recompute index of last active backend */
        for (i = segP->lastBackend; i > 0; i--)
        {
                if (segP->procState[i - 1].procPid != 0)
                        break;
        }
        segP->lastBackend = i;

        LWLockRelease(SInvalWriteLock);
}

/*
 * BackendIdGetProc
 *              Get the PGPROC structure for a backend, given the backend ID.
 *              The result may be out of date arbitrarily quickly, so the caller
 *              must be careful about how this information is used.  NULL is
 *              returned if the backend is not active.
 */
PGPROC *
BackendIdGetProc(int backendID)
{
        PGPROC     *result = NULL;
        SISeg      *segP = shmInvalBuffer;

        /* Need to lock out additions/removals of backends */
        LWLockAcquire(SInvalWriteLock, LW_SHARED);

        if (backendID > 0 && backendID <= segP->lastBackend)
        {
                ProcState  *stateP = &segP->procState[backendID - 1];

                result = stateP->proc;
        }

        LWLockRelease(SInvalWriteLock);

        return result;
}

/*
 * BackendIdGetTransactionIds
 *              Get the xid and xmin of the backend. The result may be out of date
 *              arbitrarily quickly, so the caller must be careful about how this
 *              information is used.
 */
void
BackendIdGetTransactionIds(int backendID, TransactionId *xid, TransactionId *xmin)
{
        SISeg      *segP = shmInvalBuffer;

        *xid = InvalidTransactionId;
        *xmin = InvalidTransactionId;

        /* Need to lock out additions/removals of backends */
        LWLockAcquire(SInvalWriteLock, LW_SHARED);

        if (backendID > 0 && backendID <= segP->lastBackend)
        {
                ProcState  *stateP = &segP->procState[backendID - 1];
                PGPROC     *proc = stateP->proc;

                if (proc != NULL)
                {
                        *xid = proc->xid;
                        *xmin = proc->xmin;
                }
        }

        LWLockRelease(SInvalWriteLock);
}

/*
 * SIInsertDataEntries
 *              Add new invalidation message(s) to the buffer.
 */
void
SIInsertDataEntries(const SharedInvalidationMessage *data, int n)
{
        SISeg      *segP = shmInvalBuffer;

        /*
         * N can be arbitrarily large.  We divide the work into groups of no more
         * than WRITE_QUANTUM messages, to be sure that we don't hold the lock for
         * an unreasonably long time.  (This is not so much because we care about
         * letting in other writers, as that some just-caught-up backend might be
         * trying to do SICleanupQueue to pass on its signal, and we don't want it
         * to have to wait a long time.)  Also, we need to consider calling
         * SICleanupQueue every so often.
         */
        while (n > 0)
        {
                int                     nthistime = Min(n, WRITE_QUANTUM);
                int                     numMsgs;
                int                     max;
                int                     i;

                n -= nthistime;

                LWLockAcquire(SInvalWriteLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);

                /*
                 * If the buffer is full, we *must* acquire some space.  Clean the
                 * queue and reset anyone who is preventing space from being freed.
                 * Otherwise, clean the queue only when it's exceeded the next
                 * fullness threshold.  We have to loop and recheck the buffer state
                 * after any call of SICleanupQueue.
                 */
                for (;;)
                {
                        numMsgs = segP->maxMsgNum - segP->minMsgNum;
                        if (numMsgs + nthistime > MAXNUMMESSAGES ||
                                numMsgs >= segP->nextThreshold)
                                SICleanupQueue(true, nthistime);
                        else
                                break;
                }

                /*
                 * Insert new message(s) into proper slot of circular buffer
                 */
                max = segP->maxMsgNum;
                while (nthistime-- > 0)
                {
                        segP->buffer[max % MAXNUMMESSAGES] = *data++;
                        max++;
                }

                /* Update current value of maxMsgNum using spinlock */
                SpinLockAcquire(&segP->msgnumLock);
                segP->maxMsgNum = max;
                SpinLockRelease(&segP->msgnumLock);

                /*
                 * Now that the maxMsgNum change is globally visible, we give everyone
                 * a swift kick to make sure they read the newly added messages.
                 * Releasing SInvalWriteLock will enforce a full memory barrier, so
                 * these (unlocked) changes will be committed to memory before we exit
                 * the function.
                 */
                for (i = 0; i < segP->lastBackend; i++)
                {
                        ProcState  *stateP = &segP->procState[i];

                        stateP->hasMessages = true;
                }

                LWLockRelease(SInvalWriteLock);
        }
}

/*
 * SIGetDataEntries
 *              get next SI message(s) for current backend, if there are any
 *
 * Possible return values:
 *      0:       no SI message available
 *      n>0: next n SI messages have been extracted into data[]
 * -1:   SI reset message extracted
 *
 * If the return value is less than the array size "datasize", the caller
 * can assume that there are no more SI messages after the one(s) returned.
 * Otherwise, another call is needed to collect more messages.
 *
 * NB: this can run in parallel with other instances of SIGetDataEntries
 * executing on behalf of other backends, since each instance will modify only
 * fields of its own backend's ProcState, and no instance will look at fields
 * of other backends' ProcStates.  We express this by grabbing SInvalReadLock
 * in shared mode.  Note that this is not exactly the normal (read-only)
 * interpretation of a shared lock! Look closely at the interactions before
 * allowing SInvalReadLock to be grabbed in shared mode for any other reason!
 *
 * NB: this can also run in parallel with SIInsertDataEntries.  It is not
 * guaranteed that we will return any messages added after the routine is
 * entered.
 *
 * Note: we assume that "datasize" is not so large that it might be important
 * to break our hold on SInvalReadLock into segments.
 */
int
SIGetDataEntries(SharedInvalidationMessage *data, int datasize)
{
        SISeg      *segP;
        ProcState  *stateP;
        int                     max;
        int                     n;

        segP = shmInvalBuffer;
        stateP = &segP->procState[MyBackendId - 1];

        /*
         * Before starting to take locks, do a quick, unlocked test to see whether
         * there can possibly be anything to read.  On a multiprocessor system,
         * it's possible that this load could migrate backwards and occur before
         * we actually enter this function, so we might miss a sinval message that
         * was just added by some other processor.  But they can't migrate
         * backwards over a preceding lock acquisition, so it should be OK.  If we
         * haven't acquired a lock preventing against further relevant
         * invalidations, any such occurrence is not much different than if the
         * invalidation had arrived slightly later in the first place.
         */
        if (!stateP->hasMessages)
                return 0;

        LWLockAcquire(SInvalReadLock, LW_SHARED);

        /*
         * We must reset hasMessages before determining how many messages we're
         * going to read.  That way, if new messages arrive after we have
         * determined how many we're reading, the flag will get reset and we'll
         * notice those messages part-way through.
         *
         * Note that, if we don't end up reading all of the messages, we had
         * better be certain to reset this flag before exiting!
         */
        stateP->hasMessages = false;

        /* Fetch current value of maxMsgNum using spinlock */
        SpinLockAcquire(&segP->msgnumLock);
        max = segP->maxMsgNum;
        SpinLockRelease(&segP->msgnumLock);

        if (stateP->resetState)
        {
                /*
                 * Force reset.  We can say we have dealt with any messages added
                 * since the reset, as well; and that means we should clear the
                 * signaled flag, too.
                 */
                stateP->nextMsgNum = max;
                stateP->resetState = false;
                stateP->signaled = false;
                LWLockRelease(SInvalReadLock);
                return -1;
        }

        /*
         * Retrieve messages and advance backend's counter, until data array is
         * full or there are no more messages.
         *
         * There may be other backends that haven't read the message(s), so we
         * cannot delete them here.  SICleanupQueue() will eventually remove them
         * from the queue.
         */
        n = 0;
        while (n < datasize && stateP->nextMsgNum < max)
        {
                data[n++] = segP->buffer[stateP->nextMsgNum % MAXNUMMESSAGES];
                stateP->nextMsgNum++;
        }

        /*
         * If we have caught up completely, reset our "signaled" flag so that
         * we'll get another signal if we fall behind again.
         *
         * If we haven't caught up completely, reset the hasMessages flag so that
         * we see the remaining messages next time.
         */
        if (stateP->nextMsgNum >= max)
                stateP->signaled = false;
        else
                stateP->hasMessages = true;

        LWLockRelease(SInvalReadLock);
        return n;
}

/*
 * SICleanupQueue
 *              Remove messages that have been consumed by all active backends
 *
 * callerHasWriteLock is true if caller is holding SInvalWriteLock.
 * minFree is the minimum number of message slots to make free.
 *
 * Possible side effects of this routine include marking one or more
 * backends as "reset" in the array, and sending PROCSIG_CATCHUP_INTERRUPT
 * to some backend that seems to be getting too far behind.  We signal at
 * most one backend at a time, for reasons explained at the top of the file.
 *
 * Caution: because we transiently release write lock when we have to signal
 * some other backend, it is NOT guaranteed that there are still minFree
 * free message slots at exit.  Caller must recheck and perhaps retry.
 */
void
SICleanupQueue(bool callerHasWriteLock, int minFree)
{
        SISeg      *segP = shmInvalBuffer;
        int                     min,
                                minsig,
                                lowbound,
                                numMsgs,
                                i;
        ProcState  *needSig = NULL;

        /* Lock out all writers and readers */
        if (!callerHasWriteLock)
                LWLockAcquire(SInvalWriteLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
        LWLockAcquire(SInvalReadLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);

        /*
         * Recompute minMsgNum = minimum of all backends' nextMsgNum, identify the
         * furthest-back backend that needs signaling (if any), and reset any
         * backends that are too far back.  Note that because we ignore sendOnly
         * backends here it is possible for them to keep sending messages without
         * a problem even when they are the only active backend.
         */
        min = segP->maxMsgNum;
        minsig = min - SIG_THRESHOLD;
        lowbound = min - MAXNUMMESSAGES + minFree;

        for (i = 0; i < segP->lastBackend; i++)
        {
                ProcState  *stateP = &segP->procState[i];
                int                     n = stateP->nextMsgNum;

                /* Ignore if inactive or already in reset state */
                if (stateP->procPid == 0 || stateP->resetState || stateP->sendOnly)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * If we must free some space and this backend is preventing it, force
                 * him into reset state and then ignore until he catches up.
                 */
                if (n < lowbound)
                {
                        stateP->resetState = true;
                        /* no point in signaling him ... */
                        continue;
                }

                /* Track the global minimum nextMsgNum */
                if (n < min)
                        min = n;

                /* Also see who's furthest back of the unsignaled backends */
                if (n < minsig && !stateP->signaled)
                {
                        minsig = n;
                        needSig = stateP;
                }
        }
        segP->minMsgNum = min;

        /*
         * When minMsgNum gets really large, decrement all message counters so as
         * to forestall overflow of the counters.  This happens seldom enough that
         * folding it into the previous loop would be a loser.
         */
        if (min >= MSGNUMWRAPAROUND)
        {
                segP->minMsgNum -= MSGNUMWRAPAROUND;
                segP->maxMsgNum -= MSGNUMWRAPAROUND;
                for (i = 0; i < segP->lastBackend; i++)
                {
                        /* we don't bother skipping inactive entries here */
                        segP->procState[i].nextMsgNum -= MSGNUMWRAPAROUND;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Determine how many messages are still in the queue, and set the
         * threshold at which we should repeat SICleanupQueue().
         */
        numMsgs = segP->maxMsgNum - segP->minMsgNum;
        if (numMsgs < CLEANUP_MIN)
                segP->nextThreshold = CLEANUP_MIN;
        else
                segP->nextThreshold = (numMsgs / CLEANUP_QUANTUM + 1) * CLEANUP_QUANTUM;

        /*
         * Lastly, signal anyone who needs a catchup interrupt.  Since
         * SendProcSignal() might not be fast, we don't want to hold locks while
         * executing it.
         */
        if (needSig)
        {
                pid_t           his_pid = needSig->procPid;
                BackendId       his_backendId = (needSig - &segP->procState[0]) + 1;

                needSig->signaled = true;
                LWLockRelease(SInvalReadLock);
                LWLockRelease(SInvalWriteLock);
                elog(DEBUG4, "sending sinval catchup signal to PID %d", (int) his_pid);
                SendProcSignal(his_pid, PROCSIG_CATCHUP_INTERRUPT, his_backendId);
                if (callerHasWriteLock)
                        LWLockAcquire(SInvalWriteLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
        }
        else
        {
                LWLockRelease(SInvalReadLock);
                if (!callerHasWriteLock)
                        LWLockRelease(SInvalWriteLock);
        }
}


/*
 * GetNextLocalTransactionId --- allocate a new LocalTransactionId
 *
 * We split VirtualTransactionIds into two parts so that it is possible
 * to allocate a new one without any contention for shared memory, except
 * for a bit of additional overhead during backend startup/shutdown.
 * The high-order part of a VirtualTransactionId is a BackendId, and the
 * low-order part is a LocalTransactionId, which we assign from a local
 * counter.  To avoid the risk of a VirtualTransactionId being reused
 * within a short interval, successive procs occupying the same backend ID
 * slot should use a consecutive sequence of local IDs, which is implemented
 * by copying nextLocalTransactionId as seen above.
 */
LocalTransactionId
GetNextLocalTransactionId(void)
{
        LocalTransactionId result;

        /* loop to avoid returning InvalidLocalTransactionId at wraparound */
        do
        {
                result = nextLocalTransactionId++;
        } while (!LocalTransactionIdIsValid(result));

        return result;
}