4 https://www.gnu.org/software/parallel/
7 = Presentation of GNU Parallel =
9 GNU Parallel is a shell tool for executing jobs in parallel using one
10 or more computers. A job can be a single command or a small script
11 that has to be run for each of the lines in the input. The typical
12 input is a list of files, a list of hosts, a list of users, a list of
13 URLs, or a list of tables. A job can also be a command that reads from
14 a pipe. GNU Parallel can then split the input and pipe it into
17 If you use xargs and tee today you will find GNU Parallel very easy to
18 use as GNU Parallel is written to have the same options as xargs. If
19 you write loops in shell, you will find GNU Parallel may be able to
20 replace most of the loops and make them run faster by running several
23 GNU Parallel makes sure output from the commands is the same output as
24 you would get had you run the commands sequentially. This makes it
25 possible to use output from GNU Parallel as input for other programs.
27 See the cheat sheet for examples that cover most of the daily usage:
28 www.gnu.org/s/parallel/parallel_cheat.pdf
31 = 10 seconds installation =
33 For security reasons it is recommended you use your package manager to
34 install. But if you cannot do that then you can use this 10 seconds
37 The 10 seconds installation will try to do a full installation; if
38 that fails, a personal installation; if that fails, a minimal
41 $ (wget -O - pi.dk/3 || lynx -source pi.dk/3 || curl pi.dk/3/ || \
42 fetch -o - http://pi.dk/3 ) > install.sh
43 $ sha1sum install.sh | grep 67bd7bc7dc20aff99eb8f1266574dadb
44 12345678 67bd7bc7 dc20aff9 9eb8f126 6574dadb
45 $ md5sum install.sh | grep b7a15cdbb07fb6e11b0338577bc1780f
46 b7a15cdb b07fb6e1 1b033857 7bc1780f
47 $ sha512sum install.sh | grep 186000b62b66969d7506ca4f885e0c80e02a22444
48 6f25960b d4b90cf6 ba5b76de c1acdf39 f3d24249 72930394 a4164351 93a7668d
49 21ff9839 6f920be5 186000b6 2b66969d 7506ca4f 885e0c80 e02a2244 40e8a43f
52 This will literally install faster than reading the rest of this
58 Full installation of GNU Parallel is as simple as:
60 wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/parallel/parallel-20210122.tar.bz2
61 wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/parallel/parallel-20210122.tar.bz2.sig
62 gpg parallel-20210122.tar.bz2.sig
63 bzip2 -dc parallel-20210122.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -
65 ./configure && make && sudo make install
68 = Personal installation =
70 If you are not root you can add ~/bin to your path and install in
73 wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/parallel/parallel-20210122.tar.bz2
74 wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/parallel/parallel-20210122.tar.bz2.sig
75 gpg parallel-20210122.tar.bz2.sig
76 bzip2 -dc parallel-20210122.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -
78 ./configure --prefix=$HOME && make && make install
80 Or if your system lacks 'make' you can simply copy src/parallel
81 src/sem src/niceload src/sql to a dir in your path.
84 = Minimal installation =
86 If you just need parallel and do not have 'make' installed (maybe the
87 system is old or Microsoft Windows):
89 wget https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/parallel.git/plain/src/parallel
92 mv parallel sem dir-in-your-$PATH/bin/
95 = Installation on compute servers =
97 If you are developing your script to run on a remote server, that does
98 not have GNU Parallel installed, but you have it installed on you
99 development machine, then you can use `parallel --embed`.
101 parallel --embed > newscript.sh
103 Just edit the last lines of newscript.sh and copy it to the compute
107 = Test the installation =
109 After this you should be able to do:
111 parallel -j0 ping -nc 3 ::: qubes-os.org gnu.org freenetproject.org
113 This will send 3 ping packets to 3 different hosts in parallel and print
114 the output when they complete.
116 Watch the intro video for a quick introduction:
117 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL284C9FF2488BC6D1
119 Walk through the tutorial (man parallel_tutorial). You command line
120 will love you for it.
122 When using programs that use GNU Parallel to process data for
123 publication please cite:
125 Tange, O. (2021, January 22). GNU Parallel 20210122 ('Capitol Riots').
126 Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4454976
128 Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015,
129 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Ole Tange, http://ole.tange.dk and
130 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
135 New versions will be released at: https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/parallel/
140 GNU Parallel should work with a normal full Perl installation. However,
141 if you system has split up Perl into multiple packages then these are
144 opkg install perlbase-getopt perlbase-ipc procps-ng-ps perlbase-mime