pae2xml.pl

   1 #!/usr/bin/perl
   2
   3
   4 # Copyright (C) 2003 Rainer Typke
   5 #pae2xml is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License Version
   6 #2 as published by the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/" target="_top">Free Software Foundation</a>.
   7 #This gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify <em>pae2xml</em> under
   8 #certain conditions. Read
   9 #the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" target="_top">online version of the license</a>
  10 #for more details. pae2xml is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
  11 #INCLUDING THE WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  12
  13
  14
  15 $divisions = 960;
  16 $old_duration = $divisions;
  17 $old_octave = 4;
  18
  19 ($mday, $mon, $year) = (localtime()) [3..5];
  20 $encoding_date = sprintf("%4d-%02d-%02d", $year + 1900, $mon+1, $mday);
  21
  22 $TIE = 0;
  23
  24 foreach $a (@ARGV) {
  25   $p = read_file($a);
  26   $toprint = "";
  27   $p =~ s/\s*\=\=+\s*(.*?)\s*\=\=+\s*/$1/sg;
  28   $p =~ s/\s*included.*?-------------*\s*(.*?)\s*/$1/s;
  29
  30   ($q, $r) = ($p, $p);
  31   if ($q !~ /^.*1\.1\.1.*$/gsx && $r =~ /^.*plain.*$/gsx) {
  32     print_error("$a contains 'plain', but not 1.1.1!\n");
  33   } else {
  34     if ($p =~ /^\s*([^\n]+)\n(.*?)\n((\d+\.\d+\.\d.*?plain.*?\n)+)(.*?)\n?([^\n]+)\n([^\n]+)\s*$/gs)    {
  35       my ($comp, $title, $incipits, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig) = ($1, $2, $3, $5, $6, $7);
  36
  37       $toprint .= "
  38 COMPOSER:   $comp
  39 TITLE:      $title
  40 INCIPIT(S): $incipits
  41 OTHER INFO: $sonst
  42 LIB. SIGN.: $libsig
  43 RISM SIGN.: $rismsig\n\n";
  44       parse_incipits($incipits, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig);
  45     }
  46     else {
  47       if (index($p,"plain&easy") > -1) {
  48         print_error("Ignoring the following text:\n\n\n$p\n\n\n");
  49       }
  50     }
  51   }
  52 }
  53
  54
  55
  56 sub parse_incipits {
  57   my ($incipits, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig) = @_;
  58
  59   $toprint .= "parsing:   $incipits\n";
  60
  61   while ($incipits =~ /^(\d+\.\d+\..+?)(\d+\.\d+\..*)$/gs) {
  62     my ($inc1) = $1;
  63     $incipits = $2;
  64     parse_pe($inc1, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig);
  65   }
  66   parse_pe($incipits, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig);
  67 }
  68
  69 sub parse_pe {
  70   my ($pe, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig) = @_;
  71
  72   $pe =~ s/@ü/@0ü/gs; # make missing time signature explicit
  73   while ($pe =~ s/([^\-])(\d+)(\'|\,)(A|B|C|D|E|F|G)/$1$3$2$4/gs) {};  # octave first, then duration. Truly global.
  74
  75   if ($pe =~ /^\s*(\d+\.\d+\.\d)(\.|:)\s*(.*?)\nplain&easy:\s*(%([\w\-\d]+))?(@([\d\w\/]+))?\s*&?\s*(\$([^ü]+))?ü(.*)$/gs) {
  76     my ($inr, $instr, $clef, $timesig, $keysig, $rest) = ($1, $3, $5, $7, $9, $10);
  77
  78     my $filename="$rismsig-$inr.xml";
  79     $filename =~ s/RISM\s*A\/II\s*:?\s*//gs;
  80     print "Writing $filename...\n";
  81
  82     open(OUT, ">$filename");
  83
  84     if ($clef =~ /^(\w)\-(\d)$/) {
  85       ($clefsign, $clefline) = ($1, $2);
  86     } else {
  87       ($clefsign, $clefline) = ("G", 2);
  88     }
  89
  90     $timesig = timesignature($timesig);
  91
  92     my %fif=("", 0, "xF", 1, "xFC", 2, "xFCG",3, "xFCGD",4, "xFCGDA",5, "xFCGDAE",6, "xFCGDAEB",7, "bB",-1, "bBE",-2, "bBEA",-3, "bBEAD",-4, "bBEADG",-5, "bBEADGC",-6, "bBEADGCF",-7);
  93     $keysig =~ s/(\s+)|&//gs;  # it is unclear what the & means, so we'll ignore it for now.
  94     $keysig =~ s/\[|\]//gs; # IGNORING brackets around a key sig.
  95     $fifths = $fif{$keysig};
  96     if ($fifths eq "") { $fifths = "0";
  97                        print_error("Strange key signature '$keysig'.\n");}
  98
  99     foreach $_ ($rismsig,$title,$inr,$instr,$comp,$encoding_date,$libsig,$sonst)
 100     {
 101         s/
 102 //;
 103     }
 104     print OUT '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" standalone="no"?>
 105 <!DOCTYPE score-partwise PUBLIC "-//Recordare//DTD MusicXML 0.6 Partwise//EN" "file:/c:/Program Files/MusicXML/partwise.dtd">
 106 <score-partwise>
 107         <work>
 108                 <work-number>'.$rismsig.'</work-number>
 109                 <work-title>'.$title.'</work-title>
 110         </work>
 111         <movement-number>'.$inr.'</movement-number>
 112         <movement-title>'.$instr.'</movement-title>
 113         <identification>
 114                 <creator type="composer">'.$comp.'</creator>
 115                 <encoding>
 116                         <software>pae2xml by R. Typke</software>
 117                         <encoding-date>'.$encoding_date.'</encoding-date>
 118                 </encoding>
 119                 <source>'.$libsig.'</source>
 120         </identification>
 121         <part-list>
 122                 <score-part id="P1">
 123                         <part-name>'.$sonst.'</part-name>
 124                 </score-part>
 125         </part-list>
 126         <part id="P1">
 127                 <measure number="1">
 128                         <attributes>
 129                                 <divisions>'.$divisions.'</divisions>
 130                                 <key>
 131                                         <fifths>'.$fifths.'</fifths>
 132                                 </key>
 133                                 '.$timesig.'
 134                                 <clef>
 135                                         <sign>'.$clefsign.'</sign>
 136                                         <line>'.$clefline.'</line>
 137                                 </clef>
 138                         </attributes>
 139 ';
 140
 141
 142     $toprint .= "
 143 INCIPIT NO.:  $inr
 144 INSTR.:       $instr
 145 CLEF:         $clef
 146 KEY SIG.:     $keysig
 147 TIME SIG.:    $timesig
 148 REST:         $rest\n";
 149     parse_notes($rest, $keysig);
 150   }
 151   else { print_error("could not parse $pe\n"); }
 152   print OUT "   </part>
 153 </score-partwise>\n";
 154   close OUT;
 155 }
 156
 157
 158 sub parse_notes {
 159   my ($notes, $keysig) = @_;
 160   my $qq = 0; # in group of cue notes
 161
 162   my $meas = 2;   # measure number
 163   my $mopen = 1;  # measure tag still open
 164
 165   if ($notes =~ /^\s*(.*?)\s*$/) {
 166     $notes = $1;
 167   }
 168
 169   $notes =~ s/!([^!]*)!/$1$1/gs;  # write out repetitions
 170   $notes =~ s/\{([^\}]*)\}/$1/gs; # ignore beamings
 171   while ( $notes =~ s/(:?\/+:?|^)([^\/:]*)(:?\/+:?)i(:?\/+:?)/$1$2$3$2$4/gs) {}; # replace whole-measure repeats (i notation)
 172
 173   $notes =~ s/(\d+)\(([^;]+\))/\($1$2/gs;       # pull note lengths into fermatas or triplets
 174   $notes =~ s/(xx|x|bb|b|n)\(/\($1/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas:
 175   $notes =~ s/(\d+)(xx|x|bb|b|n)(A|B|C|D|E|F|G)/$2$1$3/gs;  # accidentals first, then duration
 176
 177 #  $notes =~ s/x\(/\(x/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas
 178 #  $notes =~ s/bb\(/\(bb/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas
 179 #  $notes =~ s/b\(/\(b/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas
 180 #  $notes =~ s/n\(/\(n/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas
 181   #  $notes =~ s/(\'+|\,+)\(/\($1/g;       # pull octave marks into tuplets or fermatas
 182
 183   $notes =~ s/(\.|\d|\,|\')qq/qq$1/gs; # pull beginning mark of group of grace notes in front of corresponding notes
 184   $notes =~ s/(xx|x|bb|b|n)qq/qq$1/gs;  # qq first, then parts of notes
 185
 186   $notes =~ s/\=(\d)/$1/gs; # replace multibar rests #n with just n
 187
 188   while ($notes ne "") {
 189     if ($notes =~ /^(\'+|\,+)(.*)$/) {
 190       ($oct, $notes) = ($1, $2);
 191       octave($oct);
 192     } elsif ($notes =~ /^qq(.*)$/) {
 193       $notes = $1;
 194       $qq = 1;
 195     } elsif ($notes =~ /^r(.*)$/) {
 196       $notes = $1;
 197       $qq = 0;
 198     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(\d+|\=)(\/.*)$/) {
 199       $measrest = $1;
 200       $notes = $2;
 201       if ($measrest eq '=') {
 202         $measrest = 1;
 203       }
 204       $toprint .= "$measrest measures of rest.\n";
 205       for $n (1..$measrest) {
 206         print OUT '                     <note>
 207                                 <rest />
 208                                 <duration>'.($beats*$divisions*4/$beattype).'</duration>
 209 '.#                             <type>quarter</type>
 210 '
 211                         </note>
 212 ';
 213         if ($n < $measrest) {
 214           print OUT "           </measure>\n";
 215           if ($notes ne "") {
 216             print OUT '         <measure number="'.$meas.'">
 217 ';
 218             $meas++;
 219           }
 220         }
 221       }
 222     } elsif ($notes =~ /^((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)(.*)$/) {  # a note
 223       ($note, $notes) = ($1,$6);
 224       parse_note($note, $keysig, "", "", $qq);
 225     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(\((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?\))(.*)$/) {  # one note with a fermata
 226       ($note, $notes) = ($1,$6);
 227       parse_note($note, $keysig, "", "", $qq);
 228     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(\(((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?){3}\))(.*)$/) {  # a triplet
 229       ($triplet, $notes) = ($1,$7);
 230       #      print "TRIPLET: ".$triplet." -> ";
 231       $triplet =~ /^\(((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)(.*)\)$/gs;
 232       ($note, $triplet) = ($1,$6);
 233       #print "$note $triplet\n";
 234       parse_note($note, $keysig, '<tuplet type="start"/>', '                            <time-modification>
 235                                         <actual-notes>3</actual-notes>
 236                                         <normal-notes>2</normal-notes>
 237                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 238       $triplet =~ /^((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)(.*)$/gs;
 239       ($note, $triplet) = ($1,$6);
 240       #print "$note $triplet\n";
 241       parse_note($note, $keysig,  '', '                         <time-modification>
 242                                         <actual-notes>3</actual-notes>
 243                                         <normal-notes>2</normal-notes>
 244                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 245       parse_note($triplet,  $keysig, '<tuplet type="stop"/>',  '                                <time-modification>
 246                                         <actual-notes>3</actual-notes>
 247                                         <normal-notes>2</normal-notes>
 248                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 249     } elsif ($notes =~ /^((\d+)\(((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)+\;(\d+)\))(.*)$/)  {  # an n-tuplet
 250       ($tuplet, $notes) = ($1,$9);
 251       #      print "N-TUPLET: ".$tuplet." -> ";
 252       $tuplet =~ /^(\d+)\(((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)(.*);(\d)\)$/gs;
 253       ($combdur, $note, $tuplet, $numval) = ($1,$2,$7,$8);
 254       #print "i=$combdur, n=$numval; $note / $tuplet\n";
 255       my $ind_dur = duration($combdur)/$numval;
 256       # my $norm_notes =
 257       my $act_notes = $numval;
 258       parse_note($note, $keysig, '<tuplet type="start"/>', '                            <time-modification>
 259                                         <actual-notes>'.$act_notes.'</actual-notes>
 260                                         <normal-notes>1</normal-notes>
 261                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 262       while ($tuplet =~ /^((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)(.+)$/gs) {
 263         ($note, $tuplet) = ($1,$6);
 264         #print "$note / $tuplet\n";
 265         parse_note($note, $keysig,  '', '                               <time-modification>
 266                                         <actual-notes>'.$act_notes.'</actual-notes>
 267                                         <normal-notes>1</normal-notes>
 268                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 269       }
 270       parse_note($tuplet,  $keysig, '<tuplet type="stop"/>',  '                         <time-modification>
 271                                         <actual-notes>'.$act_notes.'</actual-notes>
 272                                         <normal-notes>1</normal-notes>
 273                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 274     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(%\w-\d)(.*)$/) {
 275       ($clef,$notes) = ($1,$2);
 276       $clef =~ /^%(\w)\-(\d)$/;
 277       ($clefsign, $clefline) = ($1, $2);
 278       print OUT '                       <attributes>
 279                                 <clef>
 280                                         <sign>'.$clefsign.'</sign>
 281                                         <line>'.$clefline.'</line>
 282                                 </clef>
 283                         </attributes>
 284 ';
 285     } elsif ($notes =~ /^@(\d\/\d|c\/?)\s*(.*)$/) {
 286       # print "$notes\n";
 287       ($timesig,$notes) = ($1,$2);
 288       #print "-> $timesig / $notes\n"; exit;
 289       $timesig = timesignature($timesig);
 290       print OUT "                       <attributes>\n$timesig
 291                         </attributes>\n";
 292     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(:?\/+:?)(.*)$/) {
 293       $barline = $1;
 294       $notes = $2;
 295       if ($barline =~ /^:\/\/:/) {
 296         print OUT '                     <barline location="right">
 297                                 <bar-style>light-light</bar-style>
 298                                 <repeat direction="backward"/>
 299                         </barline>
 300 ';
 301       } elsif ($barline =~ /^:\/\/$/ ) {
 302           print OUT '                   <barline location="right">
 303                                 <bar-style>light-heavy</bar-style>
 304                                 <repeat direction="backward"/>
 305                         </barline>
 306 ';
 307       } elsif ($barline =~ /^\/\/$/) {
 308         print OUT '                     <barline location="right">
 309                                 <bar-style>light-light</bar-style>
 310                                 <repeat direction="backward"/>
 311                         </barline>
 312 ';
 313       }
 314       print OUT "               </measure>\n";
 315       if ($notes ne "") {
 316         print OUT '             <measure number="'.$meas.'">
 317 ';
 318         if ($barline =~ /^\/\/:$/) {
 319           print OUT '                   <barline location="left">
 320                                 <bar-style>heavy-light</bar-style>
 321                                 <repeat direction="forward"/>
 322                         </barline>
 323 ';
 324         } elsif ($barline =~ /^:\/\/:$/) {
 325           print OUT '                   <barline location="left">
 326                                 <repeat direction="forward"/>
 327                         </barline>
 328 ';
 329         }
 330         print OUT $clefattr;
 331         $meas++;
 332       } else {
 333         $mopen = 0;
 334       }
 335       $toprint .= "bar line\n";
 336     } #elsif ($notes =~ /^(\d*\.*\-)(.*)$/) {
 337       #($rst, $notes) = ($1, $2);
 338       #$toprint .= "rest: $rst\n";
 339       #$rst =~ /^(\d*)(\.*)\-$/;
 340       #($rst, $dots) =($1,$2);
 341       #print OUT '                      <note>
 342         #                       <rest />
 343         #                       <duration>'.duration($rst, $dots).'</duration>
 344 #'.#                            <type>quarter</type>
 345 #'
 346 #                       </note>
 347 #';
 348     elsif ($notes =~ /^\((\=)\)(.*)$/) {  # a bar of rest with a fermata
 349       ($rst, $notes) = ($1, $2);
 350       $toprint .= "rest: $rst\n";
 351       print OUT '                       <note>
 352                                 <rest />
 353                                 <duration>'.($beats*$divisions*4/$beattype).'</duration>
 354 '.#                             <type>quarter</type>
 355 '                               <notations>
 356                                         <fermata type="upright"/>
 357                                 </notations>
 358                         </note>
 359 ';
 360     }
 361     elsif ($notes =~ s/(\d+\.*)\(((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)\)/\($1$2\)/gs) { # pull duration into fermata parentheses
 362       #      print "after replacement: $notes\n"; exit;
 363     }
 364     else {
 365       print_error("got stuck with $notes\n");
 366       $notes = "";
 367     }
 368   }
 369   if ($mopen) {
 370     print OUT "         </measure>\n";
 371   }
 372 }
 373
 374
 375 sub parse_note {
 376   my($note, $keysig, $notation, $addition, $in_qq_group) = @_;
 377
 378   my ($fermata) = (0);
 379   my ($actualnotes, $normalnotes) = (1,1);
 380
 381   if ($addition =~ /^\s*<time-modification>\s*<actual-notes>\s*(\d+)\s*<\/actual-notes>\s*<normal-notes>\s*(\d+)\s*<\/normal-notes>\s*<\/time-modification>\s*$/) {
 382     ($actualnotes, $normalnotes) = ($1, $2);
 383   }
 384
 385   if ($note =~ /^\((.*)\)$/) {
 386     $note = $1;
 387     $fermata = 1;
 388   }
 389
 390   $note =~ /^((\,|\')*)(x|xx|b|bb|n)?(\d*)(\.*)(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)(t?)(\+?)$/;
 391   my ($oct, $acc, $dur, $dot, $gracecue, $pitch, $trill, $tie) = ($1, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9);
 392
 393   print OUT '                   <note>
 394 ';
 395   if ($gracecue eq "g") {
 396     print OUT '         <grace steal-time-following="33"/>
 397 ';
 398   }
 399   if ($gracecue eq "q" || $in_qq_group) {
 400     print OUT '         <cue/>
 401 ';
 402   }
 403   if ($pitch eq "-") {
 404     print OUT "                 <rest />\n";
 405   } else {
 406     print OUT '                         <pitch>
 407                                         <step>'.$pitch.'</step>
 408 '.
 409    alter($pitch, $acc, $keysig).'
 410                                         <octave>'.octave($oct).'</octave>
 411                                 </pitch>
 412 ';
 413   }
 414   if ($gracecue ne "g") {
 415     print OUT '                         <duration>'.(duration($dur, $dot)*$normalnotes/$actualnotes).'</duration>
 416 ';
 417   }
 418 #                               <type>quarter</type>
 419
 420   if ($tie eq "+") {
 421     if (!$TIE) {
 422       $TIE = 1;
 423       print OUT '<tie type="start"/>
 424 ';
 425     }
 426   } else {
 427     if ($TIE) {
 428       print OUT '<tie type="stop"/>
 429 ';
 430       $TIE = 0;
 431     }
 432   }
 433
 434   print OUT $addition;
 435
 436   my $notationbracket = $fermata || ($trill eq "t") || ($notation ne "");
 437   if ($notationbracket) {
 438     print OUT "                         <notations>\n";
 439   }
 440   if ($fermata) { print OUT '
 441                                         <fermata type="upright"/>'."\n"; }
 442   if ($trill eq "t") { print OUT '                                      <ornaments>
 443                                                 <trill-mark/>
 444                                         </ornaments>
 445 ';
 446                      }
 447   if ($notation ne "") {
 448     print OUT "                         $notation\n";
 449   }
 450   if ($notationbracket) {
 451     print OUT "                         </notations>\n";
 452   }
 453
 454   print OUT '                   </note>
 455 ';
 456
 457   $toprint .= "note: oct. $oct/acc. $acc/dur. $dur/dots $dot/grace,cue $gracecue/pitch $pitch\n";
 458 }
 459
 460 sub alter {
 461   my ($pitch, $acc, $keysig) = @_;
 462
 463   my $alt = 0;
 464
 465   if (index ($keysig,$pitch) > -1) {
 466     $keysig =~ /^(.).*$/gs;
 467     if ($1 eq 'x') {
 468       $alt = 1;
 469     } else {$alt = -1;}
 470   }
 471
 472   my %acc_alt = ("n", 0, "b", -1, "bb", -2, "x", 1, "xx", 2);
 473   if ($acc_alt{$acc} ne "") {
 474     $alt = $acc_alt{$acc};
 475   }
 476
 477   if ($alt != 0) {
 478     return "<alter>$alt</alter>\n";
 479   }
 480   return "";
 481 }
 482
 483 sub duration {
 484   my ($duration, $dots) = @_;
 485
 486   if ($duration.$dots ne "") {
 487     my %du=("1",4*$divisions,"2",2*$divisions,"4",$divisions,
 488             "8",$divisions/2,"6",$divisions/4,"3",$divisions/8,
 489             "5",$divisions/16,"7",$divisions/32,
 490             "9",$divisions*8,"0",$divisions*16); # breve/long
 491     $old_duration = $du{$duration};
 492     if ($old_duration eq "") {
 493       print_error("strange duration '$duration'\n");
 494     }
 495     my $add = $old_duration;
 496     while ($dots ne "") {
 497       $add /= 2;
 498       $old_duration += $add;
 499       $dots =~ /^.(.*)$/gs;
 500       $dots = $1;
 501     }
 502   }
 503   return $old_duration;
 504 }
 505
 506 sub octave {
 507   my ($octave) = @_;
 508
 509   if ($octave ne "") {
 510     $octave =~ /^(.)(.*)$/gs;
 511     if ($1 eq ",") {
 512       $old_octave = 4 - length $octave;
 513     } else {
 514       $old_octave = 3 + length $octave;
 515     }
 516   }
 517   return $old_octave;
 518 }
 519
 520 sub timesignature {
 521   my ($timesig) = @_;
 522
 523   if ($timesig eq "c3") {
 524     $timesig = "3/2";  # it would be better to display it as "C". Example: 451.023.814
 525   }
 526   if ($timesig =~ /^c(\d+)\/(\d+)$/gs) {
 527     $timesig = "$1/$2";  # it would be better to show the "C"
 528   }
 529
 530   if ($timesig eq "0" || $timesig eq "") {  # unclear how to handle absence of time signature.
 531     $timesig ='<time symbol="common">
 532       <beats>4</beats>
 533       <beat-type>4</beat-type>
 534     </time>
 535 ';  # using 4/4 for now.
 536     ($beats, $beattype) = (4,4);
 537   } elsif ($timesig =~ /^c(\/?)$/gi) {
 538     if ($1 eq "/") {
 539       $timesig = '<time symbol="cut">
 540       <beats>2</beats>
 541       <beat-type>2</beat-type>
 542     </time>
 543 ';
 544       ($beats, $beattype) = (2,2);
 545     } else {
 546       $timesig = '<time symbol="common">
 547       <beats>4</beats>
 548       <beat-type>4</beat-type>
 549     </time>
 550 ';
 551       ($beats, $beattype) = (4,4);
 552     }
 553   } elsif ($timesig =~ /^(\d+)\/(\d+)$/gs) {
 554     ($beats, $beattype) = ($1, $2);
 555     $timesig = '<time>
 556       <beats>'.$beats.'</beats>
 557       <beat-type>'.$beattype.'</beat-type>
 558     </time>
 559 ';
 560   } else {
 561     print_error("Time signature '$timesig' looks strange.\n");
 562     #   $timesig = "";   we assume 4/4 just to  get something legible:
 563     ($beats, $beattype) = (4,4);
 564     $timesig = '<time>
 565       <beats>'.$beats.'</beats>
 566       <beat-type>'.$beattype.'</beat-type>
 567     </time>
 568 ';
 569   }
 570   return $timesig;
 571 }
 572
 573 sub print_error {
 574   my ($msg) = @_;
 575
 576   print "\nAn error occurred; context:\n\n$toprint\n
 577 Error: $msg\n";
 578 }
 579
 580 sub read_file {
 581   my ($fn) = @_;
 582   my $res = "";
 583   if ($fn eq "-") {
 584       while (<STDIN>) { $res .= $_; } # read all lines
 585   } else {
 586     if (!(open FH, $fn)) {
 587       return "";
 588     }
 589     while (<FH>) { $res .= $_; } # read all lines
 590     close (FH);
 591   }
 592   return $res;
 593 }