1 /***************************************************************************
2 * Copyright (C) 2005 by Dominic Rath *
3 * Dominic.Rath@gmx.de *
5 * Copyright (C) 2006 by Magnus Lundin *
8 * Copyright (C) 2008 by Spencer Oliver *
9 * spen@spen-soft.co.uk *
11 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *
12 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by *
13 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or *
14 * (at your option) any later version. *
16 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, *
17 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of *
18 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the *
19 * GNU General Public License for more details. *
21 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License *
22 * along with this program; if not, write to the *
23 * Free Software Foundation, Inc., *
24 * 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. *
27 * Cortex-M3(tm) TRM, ARM DDI 0337E (r1p1) and 0337G (r2p0) *
29 ***************************************************************************/
34 #include "breakpoints.h"
35 #include "cortex_m3.h"
36 #include "target_request.h"
37 #include "target_type.h"
38 #include "arm_disassembler.h"
40 #include "arm_opcodes.h"
41 #include "arm_semihosting.h"
43 /* NOTE: most of this should work fine for the Cortex-M1 and
44 * Cortex-M0 cores too, although they're ARMv6-M not ARMv7-M.
45 * Some differences: M0/M1 doesn't have FBP remapping or the
46 * DWT tracing/profiling support. (So the cycle counter will
47 * not be usable; the other stuff isn't currently used here.)
49 * Although there are some workarounds for errata seen only in r0p0
50 * silicon, such old parts are hard to find and thus not much tested
55 /* forward declarations */
56 static int cortex_m3_set_breakpoint(struct target
*target
, struct breakpoint
*breakpoint
);
57 static int cortex_m3_unset_breakpoint(struct target
*target
, struct breakpoint
*breakpoint
);
58 static void cortex_m3_enable_watchpoints(struct target
*target
);
59 static int cortex_m3_store_core_reg_u32(struct target
*target
,
60 enum armv7m_regtype type
, uint32_t num
, uint32_t value
);
62 static int cortexm3_dap_read_coreregister_u32(struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
,
63 uint32_t *value
, int regnum
)
68 /* because the DCB_DCRDR is used for the emulated dcc channel
69 * we have to save/restore the DCB_DCRDR when used */
71 mem_ap_read_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DCRDR
, &dcrdr
);
73 /* mem_ap_write_u32(swjdp, DCB_DCRSR, regnum); */
74 dap_setup_accessport(swjdp
, CSW_32BIT
| CSW_ADDRINC_OFF
, DCB_DCRSR
& 0xFFFFFFF0);
75 retval
= dap_queue_ap_write(swjdp
, AP_REG_BD0
| (DCB_DCRSR
& 0xC), regnum
);
76 if (retval
!= ERROR_OK
)
79 /* mem_ap_read_u32(swjdp, DCB_DCRDR, value); */
80 dap_setup_accessport(swjdp
, CSW_32BIT
| CSW_ADDRINC_OFF
, DCB_DCRDR
& 0xFFFFFFF0);
81 retval
= dap_queue_ap_read(swjdp
, AP_REG_BD0
| (DCB_DCRDR
& 0xC), value
);
82 if (retval
!= ERROR_OK
)
85 retval
= dap_run(swjdp
);
86 if (retval
!= ERROR_OK
)
89 /* restore DCB_DCRDR - this needs to be in a seperate
90 * transaction otherwise the emulated DCC channel breaks */
91 if (retval
== ERROR_OK
)
92 retval
= mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DCRDR
, dcrdr
);
97 static int cortexm3_dap_write_coreregister_u32(struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
,
98 uint32_t value
, int regnum
)
103 /* because the DCB_DCRDR is used for the emulated dcc channel
104 * we have to save/restore the DCB_DCRDR when used */
106 mem_ap_read_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DCRDR
, &dcrdr
);
108 /* mem_ap_write_u32(swjdp, DCB_DCRDR, core_regs[i]); */
109 dap_setup_accessport(swjdp
, CSW_32BIT
| CSW_ADDRINC_OFF
, DCB_DCRDR
& 0xFFFFFFF0);
110 retval
= dap_queue_ap_write(swjdp
, AP_REG_BD0
| (DCB_DCRDR
& 0xC), value
);
113 /* mem_ap_write_u32(swjdp, DCB_DCRSR, i | DCRSR_WnR); */
114 dap_setup_accessport(swjdp
, CSW_32BIT
| CSW_ADDRINC_OFF
, DCB_DCRSR
& 0xFFFFFFF0);
115 retval
= dap_queue_ap_write(swjdp
, AP_REG_BD0
| (DCB_DCRSR
& 0xC), regnum
| DCRSR_WnR
);
118 retval
= dap_run(swjdp
);
120 /* restore DCB_DCRDR - this needs to be in a seperate
121 * transaction otherwise the emulated DCC channel breaks */
122 if (retval
== ERROR_OK
)
123 retval
= mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DCRDR
, dcrdr
);
128 static int cortex_m3_write_debug_halt_mask(struct target
*target
,
129 uint32_t mask_on
, uint32_t mask_off
)
131 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
132 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &cortex_m3
->armv7m
.dap
;
134 /* mask off status bits */
135 cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
&= ~((0xFFFF << 16) | mask_off
);
136 /* create new register mask */
137 cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
|= DBGKEY
| C_DEBUGEN
| mask_on
;
139 return mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DHCSR
, cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
);
142 static int cortex_m3_clear_halt(struct target
*target
)
144 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
145 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &cortex_m3
->armv7m
.dap
;
147 /* clear step if any */
148 cortex_m3_write_debug_halt_mask(target
, C_HALT
, C_STEP
);
150 /* Read Debug Fault Status Register */
151 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, NVIC_DFSR
, &cortex_m3
->nvic_dfsr
);
153 /* Clear Debug Fault Status */
154 mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(swjdp
, NVIC_DFSR
, cortex_m3
->nvic_dfsr
);
155 LOG_DEBUG(" NVIC_DFSR 0x%" PRIx32
"", cortex_m3
->nvic_dfsr
);
160 static int cortex_m3_single_step_core(struct target
*target
)
162 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
163 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &cortex_m3
->armv7m
.dap
;
166 /* backup dhcsr reg */
167 dhcsr_save
= cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
;
169 /* Mask interrupts before clearing halt, if done already. This avoids
170 * Erratum 377497 (fixed in r1p0) where setting MASKINTS while clearing
171 * HALT can put the core into an unknown state.
173 if (!(cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
& C_MASKINTS
))
174 mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DHCSR
,
175 DBGKEY
| C_MASKINTS
| C_HALT
| C_DEBUGEN
);
176 mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DHCSR
,
177 DBGKEY
| C_MASKINTS
| C_STEP
| C_DEBUGEN
);
180 /* restore dhcsr reg */
181 cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
= dhcsr_save
;
182 cortex_m3_clear_halt(target
);
187 static int cortex_m3_endreset_event(struct target
*target
)
192 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
193 struct armv7m_common
*armv7m
= &cortex_m3
->armv7m
;
194 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &cortex_m3
->armv7m
.dap
;
195 struct cortex_m3_fp_comparator
*fp_list
= cortex_m3
->fp_comparator_list
;
196 struct cortex_m3_dwt_comparator
*dwt_list
= cortex_m3
->dwt_comparator_list
;
198 /* REVISIT The four debug monitor bits are currently ignored... */
199 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DEMCR
, &dcb_demcr
);
200 LOG_DEBUG("DCB_DEMCR = 0x%8.8" PRIx32
"",dcb_demcr
);
202 /* this register is used for emulated dcc channel */
203 mem_ap_write_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DCRDR
, 0);
205 /* Enable debug requests */
206 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DHCSR
, &cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
);
207 if (!(cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
& C_DEBUGEN
))
208 mem_ap_write_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DHCSR
, DBGKEY
| C_DEBUGEN
);
210 /* clear any interrupt masking */
211 cortex_m3_write_debug_halt_mask(target
, 0, C_MASKINTS
);
213 /* Enable features controlled by ITM and DWT blocks, and catch only
214 * the vectors we were told to pay attention to.
216 * Target firmware is responsible for all fault handling policy
217 * choices *EXCEPT* explicitly scripted overrides like "vector_catch"
218 * or manual updates to the NVIC SHCSR and CCR registers.
220 mem_ap_write_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DEMCR
, TRCENA
| armv7m
->demcr
);
222 /* Paranoia: evidently some (early?) chips don't preserve all the
223 * debug state (including FBP, DWT, etc) across reset...
227 target_write_u32(target
, FP_CTRL
, 3);
228 cortex_m3
->fpb_enabled
= 1;
230 /* Restore FPB registers */
231 for (i
= 0; i
< cortex_m3
->fp_num_code
+ cortex_m3
->fp_num_lit
; i
++)
233 target_write_u32(target
, fp_list
[i
].fpcr_address
, fp_list
[i
].fpcr_value
);
236 /* Restore DWT registers */
237 for (i
= 0; i
< cortex_m3
->dwt_num_comp
; i
++)
239 target_write_u32(target
, dwt_list
[i
].dwt_comparator_address
+ 0,
241 target_write_u32(target
, dwt_list
[i
].dwt_comparator_address
+ 4,
243 target_write_u32(target
, dwt_list
[i
].dwt_comparator_address
+ 8,
244 dwt_list
[i
].function
);
246 retval
= dap_run(swjdp
);
247 if (retval
!= ERROR_OK
)
250 register_cache_invalidate(cortex_m3
->armv7m
.core_cache
);
252 /* make sure we have latest dhcsr flags */
253 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DHCSR
, &cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
);
258 static int cortex_m3_examine_debug_reason(struct target
*target
)
260 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
262 /* THIS IS NOT GOOD, TODO - better logic for detection of debug state reason */
263 /* only check the debug reason if we don't know it already */
265 if ((target
->debug_reason
!= DBG_REASON_DBGRQ
)
266 && (target
->debug_reason
!= DBG_REASON_SINGLESTEP
))
268 if (cortex_m3
->nvic_dfsr
& DFSR_BKPT
)
270 target
->debug_reason
= DBG_REASON_BREAKPOINT
;
271 if (cortex_m3
->nvic_dfsr
& DFSR_DWTTRAP
)
272 target
->debug_reason
= DBG_REASON_WPTANDBKPT
;
274 else if (cortex_m3
->nvic_dfsr
& DFSR_DWTTRAP
)
275 target
->debug_reason
= DBG_REASON_WATCHPOINT
;
276 else if (cortex_m3
->nvic_dfsr
& DFSR_VCATCH
)
277 target
->debug_reason
= DBG_REASON_BREAKPOINT
;
278 else /* EXTERNAL, HALTED */
279 target
->debug_reason
= DBG_REASON_UNDEFINED
;
285 static int cortex_m3_examine_exception_reason(struct target
*target
)
287 uint32_t shcsr
, except_sr
, cfsr
= -1, except_ar
= -1;
288 struct armv7m_common
*armv7m
= target_to_armv7m(target
);
289 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &armv7m
->dap
;
292 mem_ap_read_u32(swjdp
, NVIC_SHCSR
, &shcsr
);
293 switch (armv7m
->exception_number
)
297 case 3: /* Hard Fault */
298 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, NVIC_HFSR
, &except_sr
);
299 if (except_sr
& 0x40000000)
301 mem_ap_read_u32(swjdp
, NVIC_CFSR
, &cfsr
);
304 case 4: /* Memory Management */
305 mem_ap_read_u32(swjdp
, NVIC_CFSR
, &except_sr
);
306 mem_ap_read_u32(swjdp
, NVIC_MMFAR
, &except_ar
);
308 case 5: /* Bus Fault */
309 mem_ap_read_u32(swjdp
, NVIC_CFSR
, &except_sr
);
310 mem_ap_read_u32(swjdp
, NVIC_BFAR
, &except_ar
);
312 case 6: /* Usage Fault */
313 mem_ap_read_u32(swjdp
, NVIC_CFSR
, &except_sr
);
315 case 11: /* SVCall */
317 case 12: /* Debug Monitor */
318 mem_ap_read_u32(swjdp
, NVIC_DFSR
, &except_sr
);
320 case 14: /* PendSV */
322 case 15: /* SysTick */
328 retval
= dap_run(swjdp
);
329 if (retval
== ERROR_OK
)
330 LOG_DEBUG("%s SHCSR 0x%" PRIx32
", SR 0x%" PRIx32
331 ", CFSR 0x%" PRIx32
", AR 0x%" PRIx32
,
332 armv7m_exception_string(armv7m
->exception_number
),
333 shcsr
, except_sr
, cfsr
, except_ar
);
337 /* PSP is used in some thread modes */
338 static const int armv7m_psp_reg_map
[17] = {
339 ARMV7M_R0
, ARMV7M_R1
, ARMV7M_R2
, ARMV7M_R3
,
340 ARMV7M_R4
, ARMV7M_R5
, ARMV7M_R6
, ARMV7M_R7
,
341 ARMV7M_R8
, ARMV7M_R9
, ARMV7M_R10
, ARMV7M_R11
,
342 ARMV7M_R12
, ARMV7M_PSP
, ARMV7M_R14
, ARMV7M_PC
,
346 /* MSP is used in handler and some thread modes */
347 static const int armv7m_msp_reg_map
[17] = {
348 ARMV7M_R0
, ARMV7M_R1
, ARMV7M_R2
, ARMV7M_R3
,
349 ARMV7M_R4
, ARMV7M_R5
, ARMV7M_R6
, ARMV7M_R7
,
350 ARMV7M_R8
, ARMV7M_R9
, ARMV7M_R10
, ARMV7M_R11
,
351 ARMV7M_R12
, ARMV7M_MSP
, ARMV7M_R14
, ARMV7M_PC
,
355 static int cortex_m3_debug_entry(struct target
*target
)
360 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
361 struct armv7m_common
*armv7m
= &cortex_m3
->armv7m
;
362 struct arm
*arm
= &armv7m
->arm
;
363 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &armv7m
->dap
;
368 cortex_m3_clear_halt(target
);
369 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DHCSR
, &cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
);
371 if ((retval
= armv7m
->examine_debug_reason(target
)) != ERROR_OK
)
374 /* Examine target state and mode */
375 /* First load register acessible through core debug port*/
376 int num_regs
= armv7m
->core_cache
->num_regs
;
378 for (i
= 0; i
< num_regs
; i
++)
380 if (!armv7m
->core_cache
->reg_list
[i
].valid
)
381 armv7m
->read_core_reg(target
, i
);
384 r
= armv7m
->core_cache
->reg_list
+ ARMV7M_xPSR
;
385 xPSR
= buf_get_u32(r
->value
, 0, 32);
387 #ifdef ARMV7_GDB_HACKS
388 /* FIXME this breaks on scan chains with more than one Cortex-M3.
389 * Instead, each CM3 should have its own dummy value...
391 /* copy real xpsr reg for gdb, setting thumb bit */
392 buf_set_u32(armv7m_gdb_dummy_cpsr_value
, 0, 32, xPSR
);
393 buf_set_u32(armv7m_gdb_dummy_cpsr_value
, 5, 1, 1);
394 armv7m_gdb_dummy_cpsr_reg
.valid
= r
->valid
;
395 armv7m_gdb_dummy_cpsr_reg
.dirty
= r
->dirty
;
398 /* For IT instructions xPSR must be reloaded on resume and clear on debug exec */
402 cortex_m3_store_core_reg_u32(target
, ARMV7M_REGISTER_CORE_GP
, 16, xPSR
&~ 0xff);
405 /* Are we in an exception handler */
408 armv7m
->core_mode
= ARMV7M_MODE_HANDLER
;
409 armv7m
->exception_number
= (xPSR
& 0x1FF);
411 arm
->core_mode
= ARM_MODE_HANDLER
;
412 arm
->map
= armv7m_msp_reg_map
;
416 unsigned control
= buf_get_u32(armv7m
->core_cache
417 ->reg_list
[ARMV7M_CONTROL
].value
, 0, 2);
419 /* is this thread privileged? */
420 armv7m
->core_mode
= control
& 1;
421 arm
->core_mode
= armv7m
->core_mode
422 ? ARM_MODE_USER_THREAD
425 /* which stack is it using? */
427 arm
->map
= armv7m_psp_reg_map
;
429 arm
->map
= armv7m_msp_reg_map
;
431 armv7m
->exception_number
= 0;
434 if (armv7m
->exception_number
)
436 cortex_m3_examine_exception_reason(target
);
439 LOG_DEBUG("entered debug state in core mode: %s at PC 0x%" PRIx32
", target->state: %s",
440 armv7m_mode_strings
[armv7m
->core_mode
],
441 *(uint32_t*)(arm
->pc
->value
),
442 target_state_name(target
));
444 if (armv7m
->post_debug_entry
)
445 armv7m
->post_debug_entry(target
);
450 static int cortex_m3_poll(struct target
*target
)
453 enum target_state prev_target_state
= target
->state
;
454 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
455 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &cortex_m3
->armv7m
.dap
;
457 /* Read from Debug Halting Control and Status Register */
458 retval
= mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DHCSR
, &cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
);
459 if (retval
!= ERROR_OK
)
461 target
->state
= TARGET_UNKNOWN
;
465 /* Recover from lockup. See ARMv7-M architecture spec,
466 * section B1.5.15 "Unrecoverable exception cases".
468 * REVISIT Is there a better way to report and handle this?
470 if (cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
& S_LOCKUP
) {
471 LOG_WARNING("%s -- clearing lockup after double fault",
472 target_name(target
));
473 cortex_m3_write_debug_halt_mask(target
, C_HALT
, 0);
474 target
->debug_reason
= DBG_REASON_DBGRQ
;
476 /* refresh status bits */
477 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DHCSR
, &cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
);
480 if (cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
& S_RESET_ST
)
482 /* check if still in reset */
483 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DHCSR
, &cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
);
485 if (cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
& S_RESET_ST
)
487 target
->state
= TARGET_RESET
;
492 if (target
->state
== TARGET_RESET
)
494 /* Cannot switch context while running so endreset is
495 * called with target->state == TARGET_RESET
497 LOG_DEBUG("Exit from reset with dcb_dhcsr 0x%" PRIx32
,
498 cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
);
499 cortex_m3_endreset_event(target
);
500 target
->state
= TARGET_RUNNING
;
501 prev_target_state
= TARGET_RUNNING
;
504 if (cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
& S_HALT
)
506 target
->state
= TARGET_HALTED
;
508 if ((prev_target_state
== TARGET_RUNNING
) || (prev_target_state
== TARGET_RESET
))
510 if ((retval
= cortex_m3_debug_entry(target
)) != ERROR_OK
)
513 if (arm_semihosting(target
, &retval
) != 0)
516 target_call_event_callbacks(target
, TARGET_EVENT_HALTED
);
518 if (prev_target_state
== TARGET_DEBUG_RUNNING
)
521 if ((retval
= cortex_m3_debug_entry(target
)) != ERROR_OK
)
524 target_call_event_callbacks(target
, TARGET_EVENT_DEBUG_HALTED
);
528 /* REVISIT when S_SLEEP is set, it's in a Sleep or DeepSleep state.
529 * How best to model low power modes?
532 if (target
->state
== TARGET_UNKNOWN
)
534 /* check if processor is retiring instructions */
535 if (cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
& S_RETIRE_ST
)
537 target
->state
= TARGET_RUNNING
;
545 static int cortex_m3_halt(struct target
*target
)
547 LOG_DEBUG("target->state: %s",
548 target_state_name(target
));
550 if (target
->state
== TARGET_HALTED
)
552 LOG_DEBUG("target was already halted");
556 if (target
->state
== TARGET_UNKNOWN
)
558 LOG_WARNING("target was in unknown state when halt was requested");
561 if (target
->state
== TARGET_RESET
)
563 if ((jtag_get_reset_config() & RESET_SRST_PULLS_TRST
) && jtag_get_srst())
565 LOG_ERROR("can't request a halt while in reset if nSRST pulls nTRST");
566 return ERROR_TARGET_FAILURE
;
570 /* we came here in a reset_halt or reset_init sequence
571 * debug entry was already prepared in cortex_m3_prepare_reset_halt()
573 target
->debug_reason
= DBG_REASON_DBGRQ
;
579 /* Write to Debug Halting Control and Status Register */
580 cortex_m3_write_debug_halt_mask(target
, C_HALT
, 0);
582 target
->debug_reason
= DBG_REASON_DBGRQ
;
587 static int cortex_m3_soft_reset_halt(struct target
*target
)
589 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
590 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &cortex_m3
->armv7m
.dap
;
591 uint32_t dcb_dhcsr
= 0;
592 int retval
, timeout
= 0;
594 /* Enter debug state on reset; restore DEMCR in endreset_event() */
595 mem_ap_write_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DEMCR
,
596 TRCENA
| VC_HARDERR
| VC_BUSERR
| VC_CORERESET
);
598 /* Request a core-only reset */
599 mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(swjdp
, NVIC_AIRCR
,
600 AIRCR_VECTKEY
| AIRCR_VECTRESET
);
601 target
->state
= TARGET_RESET
;
603 /* registers are now invalid */
604 register_cache_invalidate(cortex_m3
->armv7m
.core_cache
);
606 while (timeout
< 100)
608 retval
= mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DHCSR
, &dcb_dhcsr
);
609 if (retval
== ERROR_OK
)
611 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, NVIC_DFSR
,
612 &cortex_m3
->nvic_dfsr
);
613 if ((dcb_dhcsr
& S_HALT
)
614 && (cortex_m3
->nvic_dfsr
& DFSR_VCATCH
))
616 LOG_DEBUG("system reset-halted, DHCSR 0x%08x, "
618 (unsigned) dcb_dhcsr
,
619 (unsigned) cortex_m3
->nvic_dfsr
);
620 cortex_m3_poll(target
);
621 /* FIXME restore user's vector catch config */
625 LOG_DEBUG("waiting for system reset-halt, "
626 "DHCSR 0x%08x, %d ms",
627 (unsigned) dcb_dhcsr
, timeout
);
636 static void cortex_m3_enable_breakpoints(struct target
*target
)
638 struct breakpoint
*breakpoint
= target
->breakpoints
;
640 /* set any pending breakpoints */
643 if (!breakpoint
->set
)
644 cortex_m3_set_breakpoint(target
, breakpoint
);
645 breakpoint
= breakpoint
->next
;
649 static int cortex_m3_resume(struct target
*target
, int current
,
650 uint32_t address
, int handle_breakpoints
, int debug_execution
)
652 struct armv7m_common
*armv7m
= target_to_armv7m(target
);
653 struct breakpoint
*breakpoint
= NULL
;
657 if (target
->state
!= TARGET_HALTED
)
659 LOG_WARNING("target not halted");
660 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED
;
663 if (!debug_execution
)
665 target_free_all_working_areas(target
);
666 cortex_m3_enable_breakpoints(target
);
667 cortex_m3_enable_watchpoints(target
);
672 r
= armv7m
->core_cache
->reg_list
+ ARMV7M_PRIMASK
;
674 /* Disable interrupts */
675 /* We disable interrupts in the PRIMASK register instead of
676 * masking with C_MASKINTS. This is probably the same issue
677 * as Cortex-M3 Erratum 377493 (fixed in r1p0): C_MASKINTS
678 * in parallel with disabled interrupts can cause local faults
681 * REVISIT this clearly breaks non-debug execution, since the
682 * PRIMASK register state isn't saved/restored... workaround
683 * by never resuming app code after debug execution.
685 buf_set_u32(r
->value
, 0, 1, 1);
689 /* Make sure we are in Thumb mode */
690 r
= armv7m
->core_cache
->reg_list
+ ARMV7M_xPSR
;
691 buf_set_u32(r
->value
, 24, 1, 1);
696 /* current = 1: continue on current pc, otherwise continue at <address> */
700 buf_set_u32(r
->value
, 0, 32, address
);
705 /* if we halted last time due to a bkpt instruction
706 * then we have to manually step over it, otherwise
707 * the core will break again */
709 if (!breakpoint_find(target
, buf_get_u32(r
->value
, 0, 32))
712 armv7m_maybe_skip_bkpt_inst(target
, NULL
);
715 resume_pc
= buf_get_u32(r
->value
, 0, 32);
717 armv7m_restore_context(target
);
719 /* the front-end may request us not to handle breakpoints */
720 if (handle_breakpoints
)
722 /* Single step past breakpoint at current address */
723 if ((breakpoint
= breakpoint_find(target
, resume_pc
)))
725 LOG_DEBUG("unset breakpoint at 0x%8.8" PRIx32
" (ID: %d)",
727 breakpoint
->unique_id
);
728 cortex_m3_unset_breakpoint(target
, breakpoint
);
729 cortex_m3_single_step_core(target
);
730 cortex_m3_set_breakpoint(target
, breakpoint
);
735 cortex_m3_write_debug_halt_mask(target
, 0, C_HALT
);
737 target
->debug_reason
= DBG_REASON_NOTHALTED
;
739 /* registers are now invalid */
740 register_cache_invalidate(armv7m
->core_cache
);
742 if (!debug_execution
)
744 target
->state
= TARGET_RUNNING
;
745 target_call_event_callbacks(target
, TARGET_EVENT_RESUMED
);
746 LOG_DEBUG("target resumed at 0x%" PRIx32
"", resume_pc
);
750 target
->state
= TARGET_DEBUG_RUNNING
;
751 target_call_event_callbacks(target
, TARGET_EVENT_DEBUG_RESUMED
);
752 LOG_DEBUG("target debug resumed at 0x%" PRIx32
"", resume_pc
);
758 /* int irqstepcount = 0; */
759 static int cortex_m3_step(struct target
*target
, int current
,
760 uint32_t address
, int handle_breakpoints
)
762 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
763 struct armv7m_common
*armv7m
= &cortex_m3
->armv7m
;
764 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &armv7m
->dap
;
765 struct breakpoint
*breakpoint
= NULL
;
766 struct reg
*pc
= armv7m
->arm
.pc
;
767 bool bkpt_inst_found
= false;
769 if (target
->state
!= TARGET_HALTED
)
771 LOG_WARNING("target not halted");
772 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED
;
775 /* current = 1: continue on current pc, otherwise continue at <address> */
777 buf_set_u32(pc
->value
, 0, 32, address
);
779 /* the front-end may request us not to handle breakpoints */
780 if (handle_breakpoints
) {
781 breakpoint
= breakpoint_find(target
,
782 buf_get_u32(pc
->value
, 0, 32));
784 cortex_m3_unset_breakpoint(target
, breakpoint
);
787 armv7m_maybe_skip_bkpt_inst(target
, &bkpt_inst_found
);
789 target
->debug_reason
= DBG_REASON_SINGLESTEP
;
791 armv7m_restore_context(target
);
793 target_call_event_callbacks(target
, TARGET_EVENT_RESUMED
);
795 /* if no bkpt instruction is found at pc then we can perform
796 * a normal step, otherwise we have to manually step over the bkpt
797 * instruction - as such simulate a step */
798 if (bkpt_inst_found
== false)
800 /* set step and clear halt */
801 cortex_m3_write_debug_halt_mask(target
, C_STEP
, C_HALT
);
804 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DHCSR
, &cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
);
806 /* registers are now invalid */
807 register_cache_invalidate(cortex_m3
->armv7m
.core_cache
);
810 cortex_m3_set_breakpoint(target
, breakpoint
);
812 LOG_DEBUG("target stepped dcb_dhcsr = 0x%" PRIx32
813 " nvic_icsr = 0x%" PRIx32
,
814 cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
, cortex_m3
->nvic_icsr
);
816 cortex_m3_debug_entry(target
);
817 target_call_event_callbacks(target
, TARGET_EVENT_HALTED
);
819 LOG_DEBUG("target stepped dcb_dhcsr = 0x%" PRIx32
820 " nvic_icsr = 0x%" PRIx32
,
821 cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
, cortex_m3
->nvic_icsr
);
826 static int cortex_m3_assert_reset(struct target
*target
)
828 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
829 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &cortex_m3
->armv7m
.dap
;
832 LOG_DEBUG("target->state: %s",
833 target_state_name(target
));
835 enum reset_types jtag_reset_config
= jtag_get_reset_config();
838 * We can reset Cortex-M3 targets using just the NVIC without
839 * requiring SRST, getting a SoC reset (or a core-only reset)
840 * instead of a system reset.
842 if (!(jtag_reset_config
& RESET_HAS_SRST
))
845 /* Enable debug requests */
846 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DHCSR
, &cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
);
847 if (!(cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
& C_DEBUGEN
))
848 mem_ap_write_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DHCSR
, DBGKEY
| C_DEBUGEN
);
850 mem_ap_write_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DCRDR
, 0);
852 if (!target
->reset_halt
)
854 /* Set/Clear C_MASKINTS in a separate operation */
855 if (cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
& C_MASKINTS
)
856 mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DHCSR
,
857 DBGKEY
| C_DEBUGEN
| C_HALT
);
859 /* clear any debug flags before resuming */
860 cortex_m3_clear_halt(target
);
862 /* clear C_HALT in dhcsr reg */
863 cortex_m3_write_debug_halt_mask(target
, 0, C_HALT
);
867 /* Halt in debug on reset; endreset_event() restores DEMCR.
869 * REVISIT catching BUSERR presumably helps to defend against
870 * bad vector table entries. Should this include MMERR or
873 mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DEMCR
,
874 TRCENA
| VC_HARDERR
| VC_BUSERR
| VC_CORERESET
);
878 * When nRST is asserted on most Stellaris devices, it clears some of
879 * the debug state. The ARMv7M and Cortex-M3 TRMs say that's wrong;
880 * and OpenOCD depends on those TRMs. So we won't use SRST on those
881 * chips. (Only power-on reset should affect debug state, beyond a
882 * few specified bits; not the chip's nRST input, wired to SRST.)
884 * REVISIT current errata specs don't seem to cover this issue.
885 * Do we have more details than this email?
886 * https://lists.berlios.de/pipermail
887 * /openocd-development/2008-August/003065.html
889 if (strcmp(target
->variant
, "lm3s") == 0)
891 /* Check for silicon revisions with the issue. */
894 if (target_read_u32(target
, 0x400fe000, &did0
) == ERROR_OK
)
896 switch ((did0
>> 16) & 0xff)
899 /* all Sandstorm suffer issue */
905 /* Fury and DustDevil rev A have
906 * this nRST problem. It should
907 * be fixed in rev B silicon.
909 if (((did0
>> 8) & 0xff) == 0)
913 /* Tempest should be fine. */
921 /* default to asserting srst */
922 if (jtag_reset_config
& RESET_SRST_PULLS_TRST
)
924 jtag_add_reset(1, 1);
928 jtag_add_reset(0, 1);
933 /* Use a standard Cortex-M3 software reset mechanism.
934 * SYSRESETREQ will reset SoC peripherals outside the
935 * core, like watchdog timers, if the SoC wires it up
936 * correctly. Else VECRESET can reset just the core.
938 mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(swjdp
, NVIC_AIRCR
,
939 AIRCR_VECTKEY
| AIRCR_SYSRESETREQ
);
940 LOG_DEBUG("Using Cortex-M3 SYSRESETREQ");
943 /* I do not know why this is necessary, but it
944 * fixes strange effects (step/resume cause NMI
945 * after reset) on LM3S6918 -- Michael Schwingen
948 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, NVIC_AIRCR
, &tmp
);
952 target
->state
= TARGET_RESET
;
953 jtag_add_sleep(50000);
955 register_cache_invalidate(cortex_m3
->armv7m
.core_cache
);
957 if (target
->reset_halt
)
960 if ((retval
= target_halt(target
)) != ERROR_OK
)
967 static int cortex_m3_deassert_reset(struct target
*target
)
969 LOG_DEBUG("target->state: %s",
970 target_state_name(target
));
972 /* deassert reset lines */
973 jtag_add_reset(0, 0);
979 cortex_m3_set_breakpoint(struct target
*target
, struct breakpoint
*breakpoint
)
984 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
985 struct cortex_m3_fp_comparator
*comparator_list
= cortex_m3
->fp_comparator_list
;
989 LOG_WARNING("breakpoint (BPID: %d) already set", breakpoint
->unique_id
);
993 if (cortex_m3
->auto_bp_type
)
995 breakpoint
->type
= (breakpoint
->address
< 0x20000000) ? BKPT_HARD
: BKPT_SOFT
;
998 if (breakpoint
->type
== BKPT_HARD
)
1000 while (comparator_list
[fp_num
].used
&& (fp_num
< cortex_m3
->fp_num_code
))
1002 if (fp_num
>= cortex_m3
->fp_num_code
)
1004 LOG_ERROR("Can not find free FPB Comparator!");
1007 breakpoint
->set
= fp_num
+ 1;
1008 hilo
= (breakpoint
->address
& 0x2) ? FPCR_REPLACE_BKPT_HIGH
: FPCR_REPLACE_BKPT_LOW
;
1009 comparator_list
[fp_num
].used
= 1;
1010 comparator_list
[fp_num
].fpcr_value
= (breakpoint
->address
& 0x1FFFFFFC) | hilo
| 1;
1011 target_write_u32(target
, comparator_list
[fp_num
].fpcr_address
, comparator_list
[fp_num
].fpcr_value
);
1012 LOG_DEBUG("fpc_num %i fpcr_value 0x%" PRIx32
"", fp_num
, comparator_list
[fp_num
].fpcr_value
);
1013 if (!cortex_m3
->fpb_enabled
)
1015 LOG_DEBUG("FPB wasn't enabled, do it now");
1016 target_write_u32(target
, FP_CTRL
, 3);
1019 else if (breakpoint
->type
== BKPT_SOFT
)
1023 /* NOTE: on ARMv6-M and ARMv7-M, BKPT(0xab) is used for
1024 * semihosting; don't use that. Otherwise the BKPT
1025 * parameter is arbitrary.
1027 buf_set_u32(code
, 0, 32, ARMV5_T_BKPT(0x11));
1028 retval
= target_read_memory(target
,
1029 breakpoint
->address
& 0xFFFFFFFE,
1030 breakpoint
->length
, 1,
1031 breakpoint
->orig_instr
);
1032 if (retval
!= ERROR_OK
)
1034 retval
= target_write_memory(target
,
1035 breakpoint
->address
& 0xFFFFFFFE,
1036 breakpoint
->length
, 1,
1038 if (retval
!= ERROR_OK
)
1040 breakpoint
->set
= true;
1043 LOG_DEBUG("BPID: %d, Type: %d, Address: 0x%08" PRIx32
" Length: %d (set=%d)",
1044 breakpoint
->unique_id
,
1045 (int)(breakpoint
->type
),
1046 breakpoint
->address
,
1054 cortex_m3_unset_breakpoint(struct target
*target
, struct breakpoint
*breakpoint
)
1057 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
1058 struct cortex_m3_fp_comparator
* comparator_list
= cortex_m3
->fp_comparator_list
;
1060 if (!breakpoint
->set
)
1062 LOG_WARNING("breakpoint not set");
1066 LOG_DEBUG("BPID: %d, Type: %d, Address: 0x%08" PRIx32
" Length: %d (set=%d)",
1067 breakpoint
->unique_id
,
1068 (int)(breakpoint
->type
),
1069 breakpoint
->address
,
1073 if (breakpoint
->type
== BKPT_HARD
)
1075 int fp_num
= breakpoint
->set
- 1;
1076 if ((fp_num
< 0) || (fp_num
>= cortex_m3
->fp_num_code
))
1078 LOG_DEBUG("Invalid FP Comparator number in breakpoint");
1081 comparator_list
[fp_num
].used
= 0;
1082 comparator_list
[fp_num
].fpcr_value
= 0;
1083 target_write_u32(target
, comparator_list
[fp_num
].fpcr_address
, comparator_list
[fp_num
].fpcr_value
);
1087 /* restore original instruction (kept in target endianness) */
1088 if (breakpoint
->length
== 4)
1090 if ((retval
= target_write_memory(target
, breakpoint
->address
& 0xFFFFFFFE, 4, 1, breakpoint
->orig_instr
)) != ERROR_OK
)
1097 if ((retval
= target_write_memory(target
, breakpoint
->address
& 0xFFFFFFFE, 2, 1, breakpoint
->orig_instr
)) != ERROR_OK
)
1103 breakpoint
->set
= false;
1109 cortex_m3_add_breakpoint(struct target
*target
, struct breakpoint
*breakpoint
)
1111 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
1113 if (cortex_m3
->auto_bp_type
)
1115 breakpoint
->type
= (breakpoint
->address
< 0x20000000) ? BKPT_HARD
: BKPT_SOFT
;
1116 #ifdef ARMV7_GDB_HACKS
1117 if (breakpoint
->length
!= 2) {
1118 /* XXX Hack: Replace all breakpoints with length != 2 with
1119 * a hardware breakpoint. */
1120 breakpoint
->type
= BKPT_HARD
;
1121 breakpoint
->length
= 2;
1126 if ((breakpoint
->type
== BKPT_HARD
) && (breakpoint
->address
>= 0x20000000))
1128 LOG_INFO("flash patch comparator requested outside code memory region");
1129 return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE
;
1132 if ((breakpoint
->type
== BKPT_SOFT
) && (breakpoint
->address
< 0x20000000))
1134 LOG_INFO("soft breakpoint requested in code (flash) memory region");
1135 return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE
;
1138 if ((breakpoint
->type
== BKPT_HARD
) && (cortex_m3
->fp_code_available
< 1))
1140 LOG_INFO("no flash patch comparator unit available for hardware breakpoint");
1141 return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE
;
1144 if ((breakpoint
->length
!= 2))
1146 LOG_INFO("only breakpoints of two bytes length supported");
1147 return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE
;
1150 if (breakpoint
->type
== BKPT_HARD
)
1151 cortex_m3
->fp_code_available
--;
1152 cortex_m3_set_breakpoint(target
, breakpoint
);
1158 cortex_m3_remove_breakpoint(struct target
*target
, struct breakpoint
*breakpoint
)
1160 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
1162 /* REVISIT why check? FBP can be updated with core running ... */
1163 if (target
->state
!= TARGET_HALTED
)
1165 LOG_WARNING("target not halted");
1166 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED
;
1169 if (cortex_m3
->auto_bp_type
)
1171 breakpoint
->type
= (breakpoint
->address
< 0x20000000) ? BKPT_HARD
: BKPT_SOFT
;
1174 if (breakpoint
->set
)
1176 cortex_m3_unset_breakpoint(target
, breakpoint
);
1179 if (breakpoint
->type
== BKPT_HARD
)
1180 cortex_m3
->fp_code_available
++;
1186 cortex_m3_set_watchpoint(struct target
*target
, struct watchpoint
*watchpoint
)
1189 uint32_t mask
, temp
;
1190 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
1192 /* watchpoint params were validated earlier */
1194 temp
= watchpoint
->length
;
1201 /* REVISIT Don't fully trust these "not used" records ... users
1202 * may set up breakpoints by hand, e.g. dual-address data value
1203 * watchpoint using comparator #1; comparator #0 matching cycle
1204 * count; send data trace info through ITM and TPIU; etc
1206 struct cortex_m3_dwt_comparator
*comparator
;
1208 for (comparator
= cortex_m3
->dwt_comparator_list
;
1209 comparator
->used
&& dwt_num
< cortex_m3
->dwt_num_comp
;
1210 comparator
++, dwt_num
++)
1212 if (dwt_num
>= cortex_m3
->dwt_num_comp
)
1214 LOG_ERROR("Can not find free DWT Comparator");
1217 comparator
->used
= 1;
1218 watchpoint
->set
= dwt_num
+ 1;
1220 comparator
->comp
= watchpoint
->address
;
1221 target_write_u32(target
, comparator
->dwt_comparator_address
+ 0,
1224 comparator
->mask
= mask
;
1225 target_write_u32(target
, comparator
->dwt_comparator_address
+ 4,
1228 switch (watchpoint
->rw
) {
1230 comparator
->function
= 5;
1233 comparator
->function
= 6;
1236 comparator
->function
= 7;
1239 target_write_u32(target
, comparator
->dwt_comparator_address
+ 8,
1240 comparator
->function
);
1242 LOG_DEBUG("Watchpoint (ID %d) DWT%d 0x%08x 0x%x 0x%05x",
1243 watchpoint
->unique_id
, dwt_num
,
1244 (unsigned) comparator
->comp
,
1245 (unsigned) comparator
->mask
,
1246 (unsigned) comparator
->function
);
1251 cortex_m3_unset_watchpoint(struct target
*target
, struct watchpoint
*watchpoint
)
1253 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
1254 struct cortex_m3_dwt_comparator
*comparator
;
1257 if (!watchpoint
->set
)
1259 LOG_WARNING("watchpoint (wpid: %d) not set",
1260 watchpoint
->unique_id
);
1264 dwt_num
= watchpoint
->set
- 1;
1266 LOG_DEBUG("Watchpoint (ID %d) DWT%d address: 0x%08x clear",
1267 watchpoint
->unique_id
, dwt_num
,
1268 (unsigned) watchpoint
->address
);
1270 if ((dwt_num
< 0) || (dwt_num
>= cortex_m3
->dwt_num_comp
))
1272 LOG_DEBUG("Invalid DWT Comparator number in watchpoint");
1276 comparator
= cortex_m3
->dwt_comparator_list
+ dwt_num
;
1277 comparator
->used
= 0;
1278 comparator
->function
= 0;
1279 target_write_u32(target
, comparator
->dwt_comparator_address
+ 8,
1280 comparator
->function
);
1282 watchpoint
->set
= false;
1288 cortex_m3_add_watchpoint(struct target
*target
, struct watchpoint
*watchpoint
)
1290 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
1292 if (cortex_m3
->dwt_comp_available
< 1)
1294 LOG_DEBUG("no comparators?");
1295 return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE
;
1298 /* hardware doesn't support data value masking */
1299 if (watchpoint
->mask
!= ~(uint32_t)0) {
1300 LOG_DEBUG("watchpoint value masks not supported");
1301 return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE
;
1304 /* hardware allows address masks of up to 32K */
1307 for (mask
= 0; mask
< 16; mask
++) {
1308 if ((1u << mask
) == watchpoint
->length
)
1312 LOG_DEBUG("unsupported watchpoint length");
1313 return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE
;
1315 if (watchpoint
->address
& ((1 << mask
) - 1)) {
1316 LOG_DEBUG("watchpoint address is unaligned");
1317 return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE
;
1320 /* Caller doesn't seem to be able to describe watching for data
1321 * values of zero; that flags "no value".
1323 * REVISIT This DWT may well be able to watch for specific data
1324 * values. Requires comparator #1 to set DATAVMATCH and match
1325 * the data, and another comparator (DATAVADDR0) matching addr.
1327 if (watchpoint
->value
) {
1328 LOG_DEBUG("data value watchpoint not YET supported");
1329 return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE
;
1332 cortex_m3
->dwt_comp_available
--;
1333 LOG_DEBUG("dwt_comp_available: %d", cortex_m3
->dwt_comp_available
);
1339 cortex_m3_remove_watchpoint(struct target
*target
, struct watchpoint
*watchpoint
)
1341 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
1343 /* REVISIT why check? DWT can be updated with core running ... */
1344 if (target
->state
!= TARGET_HALTED
)
1346 LOG_WARNING("target not halted");
1347 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED
;
1350 if (watchpoint
->set
)
1352 cortex_m3_unset_watchpoint(target
, watchpoint
);
1355 cortex_m3
->dwt_comp_available
++;
1356 LOG_DEBUG("dwt_comp_available: %d", cortex_m3
->dwt_comp_available
);
1361 static void cortex_m3_enable_watchpoints(struct target
*target
)
1363 struct watchpoint
*watchpoint
= target
->watchpoints
;
1365 /* set any pending watchpoints */
1368 if (!watchpoint
->set
)
1369 cortex_m3_set_watchpoint(target
, watchpoint
);
1370 watchpoint
= watchpoint
->next
;
1374 static int cortex_m3_load_core_reg_u32(struct target
*target
,
1375 enum armv7m_regtype type
, uint32_t num
, uint32_t * value
)
1378 struct armv7m_common
*armv7m
= target_to_armv7m(target
);
1379 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &armv7m
->dap
;
1381 /* NOTE: we "know" here that the register identifiers used
1382 * in the v7m header match the Cortex-M3 Debug Core Register
1383 * Selector values for R0..R15, xPSR, MSP, and PSP.
1387 /* read a normal core register */
1388 retval
= cortexm3_dap_read_coreregister_u32(swjdp
, value
, num
);
1390 if (retval
!= ERROR_OK
)
1392 LOG_ERROR("JTAG failure %i",retval
);
1393 return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR
;
1395 LOG_DEBUG("load from core reg %i value 0x%" PRIx32
"",(int)num
,*value
);
1398 case ARMV7M_PRIMASK
:
1399 case ARMV7M_BASEPRI
:
1400 case ARMV7M_FAULTMASK
:
1401 case ARMV7M_CONTROL
:
1402 /* Cortex-M3 packages these four registers as bitfields
1403 * in one Debug Core register. So say r0 and r2 docs;
1404 * it was removed from r1 docs, but still works.
1406 cortexm3_dap_read_coreregister_u32(swjdp
, value
, 20);
1410 case ARMV7M_PRIMASK
:
1411 *value
= buf_get_u32((uint8_t*)value
, 0, 1);
1414 case ARMV7M_BASEPRI
:
1415 *value
= buf_get_u32((uint8_t*)value
, 8, 8);
1418 case ARMV7M_FAULTMASK
:
1419 *value
= buf_get_u32((uint8_t*)value
, 16, 1);
1422 case ARMV7M_CONTROL
:
1423 *value
= buf_get_u32((uint8_t*)value
, 24, 2);
1427 LOG_DEBUG("load from special reg %i value 0x%" PRIx32
"", (int)num
, *value
);
1431 return ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENTS
;
1437 static int cortex_m3_store_core_reg_u32(struct target
*target
,
1438 enum armv7m_regtype type
, uint32_t num
, uint32_t value
)
1442 struct armv7m_common
*armv7m
= target_to_armv7m(target
);
1443 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &armv7m
->dap
;
1445 #ifdef ARMV7_GDB_HACKS
1446 /* If the LR register is being modified, make sure it will put us
1447 * in "thumb" mode, or an INVSTATE exception will occur. This is a
1448 * hack to deal with the fact that gdb will sometimes "forge"
1449 * return addresses, and doesn't set the LSB correctly (i.e., when
1450 * printing expressions containing function calls, it sets LR = 0.)
1451 * Valid exception return codes have bit 0 set too.
1453 if (num
== ARMV7M_R14
)
1457 /* NOTE: we "know" here that the register identifiers used
1458 * in the v7m header match the Cortex-M3 Debug Core Register
1459 * Selector values for R0..R15, xPSR, MSP, and PSP.
1463 retval
= cortexm3_dap_write_coreregister_u32(swjdp
, value
, num
);
1464 if (retval
!= ERROR_OK
)
1468 LOG_ERROR("JTAG failure %i", retval
);
1469 r
= armv7m
->core_cache
->reg_list
+ num
;
1470 r
->dirty
= r
->valid
;
1471 return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR
;
1473 LOG_DEBUG("write core reg %i value 0x%" PRIx32
"", (int)num
, value
);
1476 case ARMV7M_PRIMASK
:
1477 case ARMV7M_BASEPRI
:
1478 case ARMV7M_FAULTMASK
:
1479 case ARMV7M_CONTROL
:
1480 /* Cortex-M3 packages these four registers as bitfields
1481 * in one Debug Core register. So say r0 and r2 docs;
1482 * it was removed from r1 docs, but still works.
1484 cortexm3_dap_read_coreregister_u32(swjdp
, ®
, 20);
1488 case ARMV7M_PRIMASK
:
1489 buf_set_u32((uint8_t*)®
, 0, 1, value
);
1492 case ARMV7M_BASEPRI
:
1493 buf_set_u32((uint8_t*)®
, 8, 8, value
);
1496 case ARMV7M_FAULTMASK
:
1497 buf_set_u32((uint8_t*)®
, 16, 1, value
);
1500 case ARMV7M_CONTROL
:
1501 buf_set_u32((uint8_t*)®
, 24, 2, value
);
1505 cortexm3_dap_write_coreregister_u32(swjdp
, reg
, 20);
1507 LOG_DEBUG("write special reg %i value 0x%" PRIx32
" ", (int)num
, value
);
1511 return ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENTS
;
1517 static int cortex_m3_read_memory(struct target
*target
, uint32_t address
,
1518 uint32_t size
, uint32_t count
, uint8_t *buffer
)
1520 struct armv7m_common
*armv7m
= target_to_armv7m(target
);
1521 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &armv7m
->dap
;
1522 int retval
= ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENTS
;
1524 /* cortex_m3 handles unaligned memory access */
1525 if (count
&& buffer
) {
1528 retval
= mem_ap_read_buf_u32(swjdp
, buffer
, 4 * count
, address
);
1531 retval
= mem_ap_read_buf_u16(swjdp
, buffer
, 2 * count
, address
);
1534 retval
= mem_ap_read_buf_u8(swjdp
, buffer
, count
, address
);
1542 static int cortex_m3_write_memory(struct target
*target
, uint32_t address
,
1543 uint32_t size
, uint32_t count
, uint8_t *buffer
)
1545 struct armv7m_common
*armv7m
= target_to_armv7m(target
);
1546 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &armv7m
->dap
;
1547 int retval
= ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENTS
;
1549 if (count
&& buffer
) {
1552 retval
= mem_ap_write_buf_u32(swjdp
, buffer
, 4 * count
, address
);
1555 retval
= mem_ap_write_buf_u16(swjdp
, buffer
, 2 * count
, address
);
1558 retval
= mem_ap_write_buf_u8(swjdp
, buffer
, count
, address
);
1566 static int cortex_m3_bulk_write_memory(struct target
*target
, uint32_t address
,
1567 uint32_t count
, uint8_t *buffer
)
1569 return cortex_m3_write_memory(target
, address
, 4, count
, buffer
);
1572 static int cortex_m3_init_target(struct command_context
*cmd_ctx
,
1573 struct target
*target
)
1575 armv7m_build_reg_cache(target
);
1579 /* REVISIT cache valid/dirty bits are unmaintained. We could set "valid"
1580 * on r/w if the core is not running, and clear on resume or reset ... or
1581 * at least, in a post_restore_context() method.
1584 struct dwt_reg_state
{
1585 struct target
*target
;
1587 uint32_t value
; /* scratch/cache */
1590 static int cortex_m3_dwt_get_reg(struct reg
*reg
)
1592 struct dwt_reg_state
*state
= reg
->arch_info
;
1594 return target_read_u32(state
->target
, state
->addr
, &state
->value
);
1597 static int cortex_m3_dwt_set_reg(struct reg
*reg
, uint8_t *buf
)
1599 struct dwt_reg_state
*state
= reg
->arch_info
;
1601 return target_write_u32(state
->target
, state
->addr
,
1602 buf_get_u32(buf
, 0, reg
->size
));
1611 static struct dwt_reg dwt_base_regs
[] = {
1612 { DWT_CTRL
, "dwt_ctrl", 32, },
1613 /* NOTE that Erratum 532314 (fixed r2p0) affects CYCCNT: it wrongly
1614 * increments while the core is asleep.
1616 { DWT_CYCCNT
, "dwt_cyccnt", 32, },
1617 /* plus some 8 bit counters, useful for profiling with TPIU */
1620 static struct dwt_reg dwt_comp
[] = {
1621 #define DWT_COMPARATOR(i) \
1622 { DWT_COMP0 + 0x10 * (i), "dwt_" #i "_comp", 32, }, \
1623 { DWT_MASK0 + 0x10 * (i), "dwt_" #i "_mask", 4, }, \
1624 { DWT_FUNCTION0 + 0x10 * (i), "dwt_" #i "_function", 32, }
1629 #undef DWT_COMPARATOR
1632 static const struct reg_arch_type dwt_reg_type
= {
1633 .get
= cortex_m3_dwt_get_reg
,
1634 .set
= cortex_m3_dwt_set_reg
,
1638 cortex_m3_dwt_addreg(struct target
*t
, struct reg
*r
, struct dwt_reg
*d
)
1640 struct dwt_reg_state
*state
;
1642 state
= calloc(1, sizeof *state
);
1645 state
->addr
= d
->addr
;
1650 r
->value
= &state
->value
;
1651 r
->arch_info
= state
;
1652 r
->type
= &dwt_reg_type
;
1656 cortex_m3_dwt_setup(struct cortex_m3_common
*cm3
, struct target
*target
)
1659 struct reg_cache
*cache
;
1660 struct cortex_m3_dwt_comparator
*comparator
;
1663 target_read_u32(target
, DWT_CTRL
, &dwtcr
);
1665 LOG_DEBUG("no DWT");
1669 cm3
->dwt_num_comp
= (dwtcr
>> 28) & 0xF;
1670 cm3
->dwt_comp_available
= cm3
->dwt_num_comp
;
1671 cm3
->dwt_comparator_list
= calloc(cm3
->dwt_num_comp
,
1672 sizeof(struct cortex_m3_dwt_comparator
));
1673 if (!cm3
->dwt_comparator_list
) {
1675 cm3
->dwt_num_comp
= 0;
1676 LOG_ERROR("out of mem");
1680 cache
= calloc(1, sizeof *cache
);
1683 free(cm3
->dwt_comparator_list
);
1686 cache
->name
= "cortex-m3 dwt registers";
1687 cache
->num_regs
= 2 + cm3
->dwt_num_comp
* 3;
1688 cache
->reg_list
= calloc(cache
->num_regs
, sizeof *cache
->reg_list
);
1689 if (!cache
->reg_list
) {
1694 for (reg
= 0; reg
< 2; reg
++)
1695 cortex_m3_dwt_addreg(target
, cache
->reg_list
+ reg
,
1696 dwt_base_regs
+ reg
);
1698 comparator
= cm3
->dwt_comparator_list
;
1699 for (i
= 0; i
< cm3
->dwt_num_comp
; i
++, comparator
++) {
1702 comparator
->dwt_comparator_address
= DWT_COMP0
+ 0x10 * i
;
1703 for (j
= 0; j
< 3; j
++, reg
++)
1704 cortex_m3_dwt_addreg(target
, cache
->reg_list
+ reg
,
1705 dwt_comp
+ 3 * i
+ j
);
1708 *register_get_last_cache_p(&target
->reg_cache
) = cache
;
1709 cm3
->dwt_cache
= cache
;
1711 LOG_DEBUG("DWT dwtcr 0x%" PRIx32
", comp %d, watch%s",
1712 dwtcr
, cm3
->dwt_num_comp
,
1713 (dwtcr
& (0xf << 24)) ? " only" : "/trigger");
1715 /* REVISIT: if num_comp > 1, check whether comparator #1 can
1716 * implement single-address data value watchpoints ... so we
1717 * won't need to check it later, when asked to set one up.
1721 static int cortex_m3_examine(struct target
*target
)
1724 uint32_t cpuid
, fpcr
;
1726 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
1727 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &cortex_m3
->armv7m
.dap
;
1729 if ((retval
= ahbap_debugport_init(swjdp
)) != ERROR_OK
)
1732 if (!target_was_examined(target
))
1734 target_set_examined(target
);
1736 /* Read from Device Identification Registers */
1737 retval
= target_read_u32(target
, CPUID
, &cpuid
);
1738 if (retval
!= ERROR_OK
)
1741 if (((cpuid
>> 4) & 0xc3f) == 0xc23)
1742 LOG_DEBUG("Cortex-M3 r%" PRId8
"p%" PRId8
" processor detected",
1743 (uint8_t)((cpuid
>> 20) & 0xf), (uint8_t)((cpuid
>> 0) & 0xf));
1744 LOG_DEBUG("cpuid: 0x%8.8" PRIx32
"", cpuid
);
1746 /* NOTE: FPB and DWT are both optional. */
1749 target_read_u32(target
, FP_CTRL
, &fpcr
);
1750 cortex_m3
->auto_bp_type
= 1;
1751 cortex_m3
->fp_num_code
= ((fpcr
>> 8) & 0x70) | ((fpcr
>> 4) & 0xF); /* bits [14:12] and [7:4] */
1752 cortex_m3
->fp_num_lit
= (fpcr
>> 8) & 0xF;
1753 cortex_m3
->fp_code_available
= cortex_m3
->fp_num_code
;
1754 cortex_m3
->fp_comparator_list
= calloc(cortex_m3
->fp_num_code
+ cortex_m3
->fp_num_lit
, sizeof(struct cortex_m3_fp_comparator
));
1755 cortex_m3
->fpb_enabled
= fpcr
& 1;
1756 for (i
= 0; i
< cortex_m3
->fp_num_code
+ cortex_m3
->fp_num_lit
; i
++)
1758 cortex_m3
->fp_comparator_list
[i
].type
= (i
< cortex_m3
->fp_num_code
) ? FPCR_CODE
: FPCR_LITERAL
;
1759 cortex_m3
->fp_comparator_list
[i
].fpcr_address
= FP_COMP0
+ 4 * i
;
1761 LOG_DEBUG("FPB fpcr 0x%" PRIx32
", numcode %i, numlit %i", fpcr
, cortex_m3
->fp_num_code
, cortex_m3
->fp_num_lit
);
1764 cortex_m3_dwt_setup(cortex_m3
, target
);
1766 /* These hardware breakpoints only work for code in flash! */
1767 LOG_INFO("%s: hardware has %d breakpoints, %d watchpoints",
1768 target_name(target
),
1769 cortex_m3
->fp_num_code
,
1770 cortex_m3
->dwt_num_comp
);
1776 static int cortex_m3_dcc_read(struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
, uint8_t *value
, uint8_t *ctrl
)
1780 mem_ap_read_buf_u16(swjdp
, (uint8_t*)&dcrdr
, 1, DCB_DCRDR
);
1781 *ctrl
= (uint8_t)dcrdr
;
1782 *value
= (uint8_t)(dcrdr
>> 8);
1784 LOG_DEBUG("data 0x%x ctrl 0x%x", *value
, *ctrl
);
1786 /* write ack back to software dcc register
1787 * signify we have read data */
1788 if (dcrdr
& (1 << 0))
1791 mem_ap_write_buf_u16(swjdp
, (uint8_t*)&dcrdr
, 1, DCB_DCRDR
);
1797 static int cortex_m3_target_request_data(struct target
*target
,
1798 uint32_t size
, uint8_t *buffer
)
1800 struct armv7m_common
*armv7m
= target_to_armv7m(target
);
1801 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &armv7m
->dap
;
1806 for (i
= 0; i
< (size
* 4); i
++)
1808 cortex_m3_dcc_read(swjdp
, &data
, &ctrl
);
1815 static int cortex_m3_handle_target_request(void *priv
)
1817 struct target
*target
= priv
;
1818 if (!target_was_examined(target
))
1820 struct armv7m_common
*armv7m
= target_to_armv7m(target
);
1821 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &armv7m
->dap
;
1823 if (!target
->dbg_msg_enabled
)
1826 if (target
->state
== TARGET_RUNNING
)
1831 cortex_m3_dcc_read(swjdp
, &data
, &ctrl
);
1833 /* check if we have data */
1834 if (ctrl
& (1 << 0))
1838 /* we assume target is quick enough */
1840 cortex_m3_dcc_read(swjdp
, &data
, &ctrl
);
1841 request
|= (data
<< 8);
1842 cortex_m3_dcc_read(swjdp
, &data
, &ctrl
);
1843 request
|= (data
<< 16);
1844 cortex_m3_dcc_read(swjdp
, &data
, &ctrl
);
1845 request
|= (data
<< 24);
1846 target_request(target
, request
);
1853 static int cortex_m3_init_arch_info(struct target
*target
,
1854 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
, struct jtag_tap
*tap
)
1857 struct armv7m_common
*armv7m
= &cortex_m3
->armv7m
;
1859 armv7m_init_arch_info(target
, armv7m
);
1861 /* prepare JTAG information for the new target */
1862 cortex_m3
->jtag_info
.tap
= tap
;
1863 cortex_m3
->jtag_info
.scann_size
= 4;
1865 armv7m
->arm
.dap
= &armv7m
->dap
;
1867 /* Leave (only) generic DAP stuff for debugport_init(); */
1868 armv7m
->dap
.jtag_info
= &cortex_m3
->jtag_info
;
1869 armv7m
->dap
.memaccess_tck
= 8;
1870 /* Cortex-M3 has 4096 bytes autoincrement range */
1871 armv7m
->dap
.tar_autoincr_block
= (1 << 12);
1873 /* register arch-specific functions */
1874 armv7m
->examine_debug_reason
= cortex_m3_examine_debug_reason
;
1876 armv7m
->post_debug_entry
= NULL
;
1878 armv7m
->pre_restore_context
= NULL
;
1880 armv7m
->load_core_reg_u32
= cortex_m3_load_core_reg_u32
;
1881 armv7m
->store_core_reg_u32
= cortex_m3_store_core_reg_u32
;
1883 target_register_timer_callback(cortex_m3_handle_target_request
, 1, 1, target
);
1885 if ((retval
= arm_jtag_setup_connection(&cortex_m3
->jtag_info
)) != ERROR_OK
)
1893 static int cortex_m3_target_create(struct target
*target
, Jim_Interp
*interp
)
1895 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= calloc(1,sizeof(struct cortex_m3_common
));
1897 cortex_m3
->common_magic
= CORTEX_M3_COMMON_MAGIC
;
1898 cortex_m3_init_arch_info(target
, cortex_m3
, target
->tap
);
1903 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
1905 static int cortex_m3_verify_pointer(struct command_context
*cmd_ctx
,
1906 struct cortex_m3_common
*cm3
)
1908 if (cm3
->common_magic
!= CORTEX_M3_COMMON_MAGIC
) {
1909 command_print(cmd_ctx
, "target is not a Cortex-M3");
1910 return ERROR_TARGET_INVALID
;
1916 * Only stuff below this line should need to verify that its target
1917 * is a Cortex-M3. Everything else should have indirected through the
1918 * cortexm3_target structure, which is only used with CM3 targets.
1921 static const struct {
1925 { "hard_err", VC_HARDERR
, },
1926 { "int_err", VC_INTERR
, },
1927 { "bus_err", VC_BUSERR
, },
1928 { "state_err", VC_STATERR
, },
1929 { "chk_err", VC_CHKERR
, },
1930 { "nocp_err", VC_NOCPERR
, },
1931 { "mm_err", VC_MMERR
, },
1932 { "reset", VC_CORERESET
, },
1935 COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_cortex_m3_vector_catch_command
)
1937 struct target
*target
= get_current_target(CMD_CTX
);
1938 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
1939 struct armv7m_common
*armv7m
= &cortex_m3
->armv7m
;
1940 struct adiv5_dap
*swjdp
= &armv7m
->dap
;
1944 retval
= cortex_m3_verify_pointer(CMD_CTX
, cortex_m3
);
1945 if (retval
!= ERROR_OK
)
1948 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DEMCR
, &demcr
);
1953 if (CMD_ARGC
== 1) {
1954 if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV
[0], "all") == 0) {
1955 catch = VC_HARDERR
| VC_INTERR
| VC_BUSERR
1956 | VC_STATERR
| VC_CHKERR
| VC_NOCPERR
1957 | VC_MMERR
| VC_CORERESET
;
1959 } else if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV
[0], "none") == 0) {
1963 while (CMD_ARGC
-- > 0) {
1965 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(vec_ids
); i
++) {
1966 if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV
[CMD_ARGC
], vec_ids
[i
].name
) != 0)
1968 catch |= vec_ids
[i
].mask
;
1971 if (i
== ARRAY_SIZE(vec_ids
)) {
1972 LOG_ERROR("No CM3 vector '%s'", CMD_ARGV
[CMD_ARGC
]);
1973 return ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENTS
;
1977 /* For now, armv7m->demcr only stores vector catch flags. */
1978 armv7m
->demcr
= catch;
1983 /* write, but don't assume it stuck (why not??) */
1984 mem_ap_write_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DEMCR
, demcr
);
1985 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(swjdp
, DCB_DEMCR
, &demcr
);
1987 /* FIXME be sure to clear DEMCR on clean server shutdown.
1988 * Otherwise the vector catch hardware could fire when there's
1989 * no debugger hooked up, causing much confusion...
1993 for (unsigned i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(vec_ids
); i
++)
1995 command_print(CMD_CTX
, "%9s: %s", vec_ids
[i
].name
,
1996 (demcr
& vec_ids
[i
].mask
) ? "catch" : "ignore");
2002 COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_cortex_m3_mask_interrupts_command
)
2004 struct target
*target
= get_current_target(CMD_CTX
);
2005 struct cortex_m3_common
*cortex_m3
= target_to_cm3(target
);
2008 retval
= cortex_m3_verify_pointer(CMD_CTX
, cortex_m3
);
2009 if (retval
!= ERROR_OK
)
2012 if (target
->state
!= TARGET_HALTED
)
2014 command_print(CMD_CTX
, "target must be stopped for \"%s\" command", CMD_NAME
);
2021 COMMAND_PARSE_ON_OFF(CMD_ARGV
[0], enable
);
2022 uint32_t mask_on
= C_HALT
| (enable
? C_MASKINTS
: 0);
2023 uint32_t mask_off
= enable
? 0 : C_MASKINTS
;
2024 cortex_m3_write_debug_halt_mask(target
, mask_on
, mask_off
);
2027 command_print(CMD_CTX
, "cortex_m3 interrupt mask %s",
2028 (cortex_m3
->dcb_dhcsr
& C_MASKINTS
) ? "on" : "off");
2033 static const struct command_registration cortex_m3_exec_command_handlers
[] = {
2036 .handler
= handle_cortex_m3_mask_interrupts_command
,
2037 .mode
= COMMAND_EXEC
,
2038 .help
= "mask cortex_m3 interrupts",
2039 .usage
= "['on'|'off']",
2042 .name
= "vector_catch",
2043 .handler
= handle_cortex_m3_vector_catch_command
,
2044 .mode
= COMMAND_EXEC
,
2045 .help
= "configure hardware vectors to trigger debug entry",
2046 .usage
= "['all'|'none'|('bus_err'|'chk_err'|...)*]",
2048 COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
2050 static const struct command_registration cortex_m3_command_handlers
[] = {
2052 .chain
= armv7m_command_handlers
,
2055 .name
= "cortex_m3",
2056 .mode
= COMMAND_EXEC
,
2057 .help
= "Cortex-M3 command group",
2058 .chain
= cortex_m3_exec_command_handlers
,
2060 COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
2063 struct target_type cortexm3_target
=
2065 .name
= "cortex_m3",
2067 .poll
= cortex_m3_poll
,
2068 .arch_state
= armv7m_arch_state
,
2070 .target_request_data
= cortex_m3_target_request_data
,
2072 .halt
= cortex_m3_halt
,
2073 .resume
= cortex_m3_resume
,
2074 .step
= cortex_m3_step
,
2076 .assert_reset
= cortex_m3_assert_reset
,
2077 .deassert_reset
= cortex_m3_deassert_reset
,
2078 .soft_reset_halt
= cortex_m3_soft_reset_halt
,
2080 .get_gdb_reg_list
= armv7m_get_gdb_reg_list
,
2082 .read_memory
= cortex_m3_read_memory
,
2083 .write_memory
= cortex_m3_write_memory
,
2084 .bulk_write_memory
= cortex_m3_bulk_write_memory
,
2085 .checksum_memory
= armv7m_checksum_memory
,
2086 .blank_check_memory
= armv7m_blank_check_memory
,
2088 .run_algorithm
= armv7m_run_algorithm
,
2090 .add_breakpoint
= cortex_m3_add_breakpoint
,
2091 .remove_breakpoint
= cortex_m3_remove_breakpoint
,
2092 .add_watchpoint
= cortex_m3_add_watchpoint
,
2093 .remove_watchpoint
= cortex_m3_remove_watchpoint
,
2095 .commands
= cortex_m3_command_handlers
,
2096 .target_create
= cortex_m3_target_create
,
2097 .init_target
= cortex_m3_init_target
,
2098 .examine
= cortex_m3_examine
,