1 <chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" version="5.0"
2 xml:id="std.diagnostics" xreflabel="Diagnostics">
3 <?dbhtml filename="diagnostics.html"?>
7 <indexterm><primary>Diagnostics</primary></indexterm>
21 <section xml:id="std.diagnostics.exceptions" xreflabel="Exceptions"><info><title>Exceptions</title></info>
22 <?dbhtml filename="exceptions.html"?>
25 <section xml:id="std.diagnostics.exceptions.api"><info><title>API Reference</title></info>
28 All exception objects are defined in one of the standard header
29 files: <filename>exception</filename>,
30 <filename>stdexcept</filename>, <filename>new</filename>, and
31 <filename>typeinfo</filename>.
35 The base exception object is <classname>exception</classname>,
36 located in <filename>exception</filename>. This object has no
37 <classname>string</classname> member.
41 Derived from this are several classes that may have a
42 <classname>string</classname> member: a full hierarchy can be
43 found in the source documentation.
50 <!-- Doxygen XML: api/group__exceptions.xml -->
53 <section xml:id="std.diagnostics.exceptions.data" xreflabel="Adding Data to Exceptions"><info><title>Adding Data to <classname>exception</classname></title></info>
56 The standard exception classes carry with them a single string as
57 data (usually describing what went wrong or where the 'throw' took
58 place). It's good to remember that you can add your own data to
59 these exceptions when extending the hierarchy:
62 struct My_Exception : public std::runtime_error
65 My_Exception (const string& whatarg)
66 : std::runtime_error(whatarg), e(errno), id(GetDataBaseID()) { }
67 int errno_at_time_of_throw() const { return e; }
68 DBID id_of_thing_that_threw() const { return id; }
71 DBID id; // some user-defined type
78 <section xml:id="std.diagnostics.concept_checking" xreflabel="Concept Checking"><info><title>Concept Checking</title></info>
81 In 1999, SGI added <quote>concept checkers</quote> to their
82 implementation of the STL: code which checked the template
83 parameters of instantiated pieces of the STL, in order to insure
84 that the parameters being used met the requirements of the
85 standard. For example, the Standard requires that types passed as
86 template parameters to <classname>vector</classname> be
87 "Assignable" (which means what you think it means). The
88 checking was done during compilation, and none of the code was
92 Unfortunately, the size of the compiler files grew significantly
93 as a result. The checking code itself was cumbersome. And bugs
94 were found in it on more than one occasion.
97 The primary author of the checking code, Jeremy Siek, had already
98 started work on a replacement implementation. The new code has been
99 formally reviewed and accepted into
100 <link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://www.boost.org/libs/concept_check/concept_check.htm">the
101 Boost libraries</link>, and we are pleased to incorporate it into the
105 The new version imposes a much smaller space overhead on the generated
106 object file. The checks are also cleaner and easier to read and
111 They are off by default for all versions of GCC.
112 They can be enabled at configure time with
113 <link linkend="manual.intro.setup.configure"><literal>--enable-concept-checks</literal></link>.
114 You can enable them on a per-translation-unit basis with
115 <literal>-D_GLIBCXX_CONCEPT_CHECKS</literal>.
119 Please note that the upcoming C++ standard has first-class
120 support for template parameter constraints based on concepts in the core
121 language. This will obviate the need for the library-simulated concept
122 checking described above.