libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/to_chars/1.cc

   1 // Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2 //
   3 // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
   4 // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
   5 // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
   6 // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
   7 // any later version.
   8
   9 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  12 // GNU General Public License for more details.
  13
  14 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
  15 // with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
  16 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  17
  18 // { dg-options "-std=gnu++17" }
  19 // { dg-do run { target c++17 } }
  20 // { dg-require-string-conversions "" }
  21
  22 #include <charconv>
  23 #include <string_view>
  24
  25 template<typename I>
  26 bool
  27 check_to_chars(I val, std::string_view expected, int base = 0)
  28 {
  29   // Space for minus sign, 64 binary digits, final '*', and null terminator:
  30   char buf[67] = "******************************************************************";
  31   std::to_chars_result r = base == 0
  32     ? std::to_chars(buf, buf+sizeof(buf), val)
  33     : std::to_chars(buf, buf+sizeof(buf), val, base);
  34   return r.ec == std::errc{} && *r.ptr == '*' && std::string_view(buf, r.ptr - buf) == expected;
  35 }
  36
  37 #include <string>
  38 #include <climits>
  39 #include <testsuite_hooks.h>
  40
  41 // Using default base 10
  42 void
  43 test01()
  44 {
  45   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(0, "0") );
  46   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(0, "0") );
  47   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(0, "0") );
  48   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(0, "0") );
  49   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(0, "0") );
  50   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(0, "0") );
  51   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(0, "0") );
  52   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(0, "0") );
  53   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(0, "0") );
  54   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(0, "0") );
  55   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(0, "0") );
  56
  57   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(1, "1") );
  58   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(1, "1") );
  59   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(1, "1") );
  60   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(1, "1") );
  61   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(1, "1") );
  62   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(1, "1") );
  63   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(1, "1") );
  64   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(1, "1") );
  65   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(1, "1") );
  66   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(1, "1") );
  67   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(1, "1") );
  68
  69   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(123, "123") );
  70   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(123, "123") );
  71   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(123, "123") );
  72   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(123, "123") );
  73   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(123, "123") );
  74   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(123, "123") );
  75   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(123, "123") );
  76   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(123, "123") );
  77   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(123, "123") );
  78   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(123, "123") );
  79   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(123, "123") );
  80
  81   if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<char>)
  82     VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(-79, "-79") );
  83   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(-79, "-79") );
  84   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(-79, "-79") );
  85   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(-79, "-79") );
  86   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(-79, "-79") );
  87   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(-79, "-79") );
  88
  89   using std::to_string;
  90
  91   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(CHAR_MAX, to_string(CHAR_MAX)) );
  92   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(SCHAR_MAX, to_string(SCHAR_MAX)) );
  93   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(UCHAR_MAX, to_string(UCHAR_MAX)) );
  94   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(SHRT_MAX, to_string(SHRT_MAX)) );
  95   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(USHRT_MAX, to_string(USHRT_MAX)) );
  96   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(INT_MAX, to_string(INT_MAX)) );
  97   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(UINT_MAX, to_string(UINT_MAX)) );
  98   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(LONG_MAX, to_string(LONG_MAX)) );
  99   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(ULONG_MAX, to_string(ULONG_MAX)) );
 100   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(LLONG_MAX, to_string(LLONG_MAX)) );
 101   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(ULLONG_MAX, to_string(ULLONG_MAX)) );
 102
 103   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(CHAR_MIN, to_string(CHAR_MIN)) );
 104   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(SCHAR_MIN, to_string(SCHAR_MIN)) );
 105   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(SHRT_MIN, to_string(SHRT_MIN)) );
 106   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(INT_MIN, to_string(INT_MIN)) );
 107   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(LONG_MIN, to_string(LONG_MIN)) );
 108   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(LLONG_MIN, to_string(LLONG_MIN)) );
 109
 110   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(CHAR_MAX/2, to_string(CHAR_MAX/2)) );
 111   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(SCHAR_MAX/2, to_string(SCHAR_MAX/2)) );
 112   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(UCHAR_MAX/2, to_string(UCHAR_MAX/2)) );
 113   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(SHRT_MAX/2, to_string(SHRT_MAX/2)) );
 114   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(USHRT_MAX/2, to_string(USHRT_MAX/2)) );
 115   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(INT_MAX/2, to_string(INT_MAX/2)) );
 116   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(UINT_MAX/2, to_string(UINT_MAX/2)) );
 117   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(LONG_MAX/2, to_string(LONG_MAX/2)) );
 118   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(ULONG_MAX/2, to_string(ULONG_MAX/2)) );
 119   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(LLONG_MAX/2, to_string(LLONG_MAX/2)) );
 120   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(ULLONG_MAX/2, to_string(ULLONG_MAX/2)) );
 121 }
 122
 123 // Using explicit base 10
 124 void
 125 test02()
 126 {
 127   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(0, "0", 10) );
 128   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(0, "0", 10) );
 129   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(0, "0", 10) );
 130   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(0, "0", 10) );
 131   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(0, "0", 10) );
 132   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(0, "0", 10) );
 133   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(0, "0", 10) );
 134   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(0, "0", 10) );
 135   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(0, "0", 10) );
 136   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(0, "0", 10) );
 137   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(0, "0", 10) );
 138
 139   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(1, "1", 10) );
 140   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(1, "1", 10) );
 141   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(1, "1", 10) );
 142   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(1, "1", 10) );
 143   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(1, "1", 10) );
 144   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(1, "1", 10) );
 145   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(1, "1", 10) );
 146   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(1, "1", 10) );
 147   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(1, "1", 10) );
 148   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(1, "1", 10) );
 149   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(1, "1", 10) );
 150
 151   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(123, "123", 10) );
 152   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(123, "123", 10) );
 153   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(123, "123", 10) );
 154   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(123, "123", 10) );
 155   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(123, "123", 10) );
 156   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(123, "123", 10) );
 157   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(123, "123", 10) );
 158   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(123, "123", 10) );
 159   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(123, "123", 10) );
 160   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(123, "123", 10) );
 161   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(123, "123", 10) );
 162
 163   if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<char>)
 164     VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(-79, "-79", 10) );
 165   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(-79, "-79", 10) );
 166   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(-79, "-79", 10) );
 167   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(-79, "-79", 10) );
 168   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(-79, "-79", 10) );
 169   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(-79, "-79", 10) );
 170
 171   using std::to_string;
 172
 173   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(CHAR_MAX, to_string(CHAR_MAX), 10) );
 174   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(SCHAR_MAX, to_string(SCHAR_MAX), 10) );
 175   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(UCHAR_MAX, to_string(UCHAR_MAX), 10) );
 176   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(SHRT_MAX, to_string(SHRT_MAX), 10) );
 177   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(USHRT_MAX, to_string(USHRT_MAX), 10) );
 178   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(INT_MAX, to_string(INT_MAX), 10) );
 179   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(UINT_MAX, to_string(UINT_MAX), 10) );
 180   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(LONG_MAX, to_string(LONG_MAX), 10) );
 181   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(ULONG_MAX, to_string(ULONG_MAX), 10) );
 182   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(LLONG_MAX, to_string(LLONG_MAX), 10) );
 183   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(ULLONG_MAX, to_string(ULLONG_MAX), 10) );
 184
 185   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(CHAR_MIN, to_string(CHAR_MIN), 10) );
 186   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(SCHAR_MIN, to_string(SCHAR_MIN), 10) );
 187   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(SHRT_MIN, to_string(SHRT_MIN), 10) );
 188   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(INT_MIN, to_string(INT_MIN), 10) );
 189   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(LONG_MIN, to_string(LONG_MIN), 10) );
 190   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(LLONG_MIN, to_string(LLONG_MIN), 10) );
 191
 192   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(CHAR_MAX/2, to_string(CHAR_MAX/2), 10) );
 193   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(SCHAR_MAX/2, to_string(SCHAR_MAX/2), 10) );
 194   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(UCHAR_MAX/2, to_string(UCHAR_MAX/2), 10) );
 195   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(SHRT_MAX/2, to_string(SHRT_MAX/2), 10) );
 196   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(USHRT_MAX/2, to_string(USHRT_MAX/2), 10) );
 197   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(INT_MAX/2, to_string(INT_MAX/2), 10) );
 198   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(UINT_MAX/2, to_string(UINT_MAX/2), 10) );
 199   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(LONG_MAX/2, to_string(LONG_MAX/2), 10) );
 200   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(ULONG_MAX/2, to_string(ULONG_MAX/2), 10) );
 201   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(LLONG_MAX/2, to_string(LLONG_MAX/2), 10) );
 202   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(ULLONG_MAX/2, to_string(ULLONG_MAX/2), 10) );
 203 }
 204
 205 // Using all bases
 206 void
 207 test03()
 208 {
 209   // -2017 in all bases from [2,36]
 210   const char* str2017[37] = { nullptr, nullptr,
 211     "-11111100001",
 212     "-2202201",
 213     "-133201",
 214     "-31032",
 215     "-13201",
 216     "-5611",
 217     "-3741",
 218     "-2681",
 219     "-2017",
 220     "-1574",
 221     "-1201",
 222     "-bc2",
 223     "-a41",
 224     "-8e7",
 225     "-7e1",
 226     "-6gb",
 227     "-641",
 228     "-5b3",
 229     "-50h",
 230     "-4c1",
 231     "-43f",
 232     "-3ig",
 233     "-3c1",
 234     "-35h",
 235     "-2pf",
 236     "-2kj",
 237     "-2g1",
 238     "-2bg",
 239     "-277",
 240     "-232",
 241     "-1v1",
 242     "-1s4",
 243     "-1pb",
 244     "-1mm",
 245     "-1k1"
 246   };
 247   // -12345 in all bases from [2,36]
 248   const char* str12345[37] = { nullptr, nullptr,
 249     "-11000000111001",
 250     "-121221020",
 251     "-3000321",
 252     "-343340",
 253     "-133053",
 254     "-50664",
 255     "-30071",
 256     "-17836",
 257     "-12345",
 258     "-9303",
 259     "-7189",
 260     "-5808",
 261     "-46db",
 262     "-39d0",
 263     "-3039",
 264     "-28c3",
 265     "-221f",
 266     "-1f3e",
 267     "-1ah5",
 268     "-16ki",
 269     "-13b3",
 270     "-107h",
 271     "-la9",
 272     "-jik",
 273     "-i6l",
 274     "-gp6",
 275     "-fkp",
 276     "-ejk",
 277     "-dlf",
 278     "-cq7",
 279     "-c1p",
 280     "-bb3",
 281     "-an3",
 282     "-a2p",
 283     "-9ix"
 284   };
 285   // -23456 in all bases from [2,36]
 286   const char* str23456[37] = { nullptr, nullptr,
 287     "-101101110100000",
 288     "-1012011202",
 289     "-11232200",
 290     "-1222311",
 291     "-300332",
 292     "-125246",
 293     "-55640",
 294     "-35152",
 295     "-23456",
 296     "-16694",
 297     "-116a8",
 298     "-a8a4",
 299     "-8796",
 300     "-6e3b",
 301     "-5ba0",
 302     "-4d2d",
 303     "-4072",
 304     "-37ia",
 305     "-2icg",
 306     "-2b3k",
 307     "-24a4",
 308     "-1l7j",
 309     "-1gh8",
 310     "-1cd6",
 311     "-18i4",
 312     "-154k",
 313     "-11pk",
 314     "-rpo",
 315     "-q1q",
 316     "-ock",
 317     "-mt0",
 318     "-lhq",
 319     "-k9u",
 320     "-j56",
 321     "-i3k"
 322   };
 323   // INT_MIN in all bases from [2,36]
 324   const char* strINT_MIN[37] = { nullptr, nullptr,
 325     "-10000000000000000000000000000000",
 326     "-12112122212110202102",
 327     "-2000000000000000",
 328     "-13344223434043",
 329     "-553032005532",
 330     "-104134211162",
 331     "-20000000000",
 332     "-5478773672",
 333     "-2147483648",
 334     "-a02220282",
 335     "-4bb2308a8",
 336     "-282ba4aab",
 337     "-1652ca932",
 338     "-c87e66b8",
 339     "-80000000",
 340     "-53g7f549",
 341     "-3928g3h2",
 342     "-27c57h33",
 343     "-1db1f928",
 344     "-140h2d92",
 345     "-ikf5bf2",
 346     "-ebelf96",
 347     "-b5gge58",
 348     "-8jmdnkn",
 349     "-6oj8ioo",
 350     "-5ehnckb",
 351     "-4clm98g",
 352     "-3hk7988",
 353     "-2sb6cs8",
 354     "-2d09uc2",
 355     "-2000000",
 356     "-1lsqtl2",
 357     "-1d8xqrq",
 358     "-15v22un",
 359     "-zik0zk"
 360   };
 361
 362   for (int base = 2; base <= 36; ++base)
 363   {
 364     VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(0, "0", base) );
 365     VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(0, "0", base) );
 366     VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(0, "0", base) );
 367     VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(0, "0", base) );
 368     VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(0, "0", base) );
 369     VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(0, "0", base) );
 370     VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(0, "0", base) );
 371     VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(0, "0", base) );
 372     VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(0, "0", base) );
 373     VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(0, "0", base) );
 374     VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(0, "0", base) );
 375
 376     VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(1, "1", base) );
 377     VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(1, "1", base) );
 378     VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(1, "1", base) );
 379     VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(1, "1", base) );
 380     VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(1, "1", base) );
 381     VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(1, "1", base) );
 382     VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(1, "1", base) );
 383     VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(1, "1", base) );
 384     VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(1, "1", base) );
 385     VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(1, "1", base) );
 386     VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(1, "1", base) );
 387
 388     if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<char>)
 389       VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(-1, "-1", base) );
 390     VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(-1, "-1", base) );
 391     VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(-1, "-1", base) );
 392     VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(-1, "-1", base) );
 393     VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(-1, "-1", base) );
 394     VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(-1, "-1", base) );
 395
 396     if (base > 2)
 397     {
 398       VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(2, "2", base) );
 399       VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(2, "2", base) );
 400       VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(2, "2", base) );
 401       VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(2, "2", base) );
 402       VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(2, "2", base) );
 403       VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(2, "2", base) );
 404       VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(2, "2", base) );
 405       VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(2, "2", base) );
 406       VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(2, "2", base) );
 407       VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(2, "2", base) );
 408       VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(2, "2", base) );
 409
 410       if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<char>)
 411         VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(-2, "-2", base) );
 412       VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(-2, "-2", base) );
 413       VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(-2, "-2", base) );
 414       VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(-2, "-2", base) );
 415       VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(-2, "-2", base) );
 416       VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(-2, "-2", base) );
 417     }
 418
 419     VERIFY( check_to_chars(2017u, str2017[base]+1, base) );
 420     VERIFY( check_to_chars(2017, str2017[base]+1, base) );
 421     VERIFY( check_to_chars(-2017, str2017[base], base) );
 422     VERIFY( check_to_chars(12345u, str12345[base]+1, base) );
 423     VERIFY( check_to_chars(12345, str12345[base]+1, base) );
 424     VERIFY( check_to_chars(-12345, str12345[base], base) );
 425     VERIFY( check_to_chars(23456u, str23456[base]+1, base) );
 426     VERIFY( check_to_chars(23456, str23456[base]+1, base) );
 427     VERIFY( check_to_chars(-23456, str23456[base], base) );
 428     VERIFY( check_to_chars(INT_MAX + 1ull, strINT_MIN[base]+1, base) );
 429     VERIFY( check_to_chars(INT_MAX + 1ll, strINT_MIN[base]+1, base) );
 430     VERIFY( check_to_chars(INT_MIN, strINT_MIN[base], base) );
 431   }
 432
 433   VERIFY( check_to_chars(1155, "xx", 34) );
 434   VERIFY( check_to_chars(1224, "yy", 35) );
 435   VERIFY( check_to_chars(1295, "zz", 36) );
 436 }
 437
 438 #include <sstream>
 439 #include <ios>
 440
 441 // base 8
 442 void
 443 test04()
 444 {
 445   auto to_string = [](auto val) {
 446     std::ostringstream ss;
 447     ss << std::oct;
 448     if (val < 0)
 449       ss << '-' << (~val + 1ull);
 450     else if (sizeof(val) == 1)
 451       ss << (int)val;
 452     else
 453       ss << val;
 454     return ss.str();
 455   };
 456
 457   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(123, to_string(123), 8) );
 458   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(123, to_string(123), 8) );
 459   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(123, to_string(123), 8) );
 460   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(123, to_string(123), 8) );
 461   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(123, to_string(123), 8) );
 462   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(123, to_string(123), 8) );
 463   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(123, to_string(123), 8) );
 464   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(123, to_string(123), 8) );
 465   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(123, to_string(123), 8) );
 466   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(123, to_string(123), 8) );
 467   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(123, to_string(123), 8) );
 468
 469   if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<char>)
 470     VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(-79, to_string(-79), 8) );
 471   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(-79, to_string(-79), 8) );
 472   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(-79, to_string(-79), 8) );
 473   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(-79, to_string(-79), 8) );
 474   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(-79, to_string(-79), 8) );
 475   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(-79, to_string(-79), 8) );
 476
 477   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(CHAR_MAX, to_string(CHAR_MAX), 8) );
 478   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(SCHAR_MAX, to_string(SCHAR_MAX), 8) );
 479   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(UCHAR_MAX, to_string(UCHAR_MAX), 8) );
 480   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(SHRT_MAX, to_string(SHRT_MAX), 8) );
 481   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(USHRT_MAX, to_string(USHRT_MAX), 8) );
 482   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(INT_MAX, to_string(INT_MAX), 8) );
 483   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(UINT_MAX, to_string(UINT_MAX), 8) );
 484   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(LONG_MAX, to_string(LONG_MAX), 8) );
 485   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(ULONG_MAX, to_string(ULONG_MAX), 8) );
 486   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(LLONG_MAX, to_string(LLONG_MAX), 8) );
 487   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(ULLONG_MAX, to_string(ULLONG_MAX), 8) );
 488
 489   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(CHAR_MIN, to_string(CHAR_MIN), 8) );
 490   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(SCHAR_MIN, to_string(SCHAR_MIN), 8) );
 491   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(SHRT_MIN, to_string(SHRT_MIN), 8) );
 492   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(INT_MIN, to_string(INT_MIN), 8) );
 493   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(LONG_MIN, to_string(LONG_MIN), 8) );
 494   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(LLONG_MIN, to_string(LLONG_MIN), 8) );
 495
 496   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(CHAR_MAX/2, to_string(CHAR_MAX/2), 8) );
 497   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(SCHAR_MAX/2, to_string(SCHAR_MAX/2), 8) );
 498   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(UCHAR_MAX/2, to_string(UCHAR_MAX/2), 8) );
 499   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(SHRT_MAX/2, to_string(SHRT_MAX/2), 8) );
 500   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(USHRT_MAX/2, to_string(USHRT_MAX/2), 8) );
 501   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(INT_MAX/2, to_string(INT_MAX/2), 8) );
 502   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(UINT_MAX/2, to_string(UINT_MAX/2), 8) );
 503   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(LONG_MAX/2, to_string(LONG_MAX/2), 8) );
 504   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(ULONG_MAX/2, to_string(ULONG_MAX/2), 8) );
 505   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(LLONG_MAX/2, to_string(LLONG_MAX/2), 8) );
 506   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(ULLONG_MAX/2, to_string(ULLONG_MAX/2), 8) );
 507 }
 508
 509 // base 16
 510 void
 511 test05()
 512 {
 513   auto to_string = [](auto val) {
 514     std::ostringstream ss;
 515     ss << std::hex;
 516     if (val < 0)
 517       ss << '-' << (~val + 1ull);
 518     else if (sizeof(val) == 1)
 519       ss << (int)val;
 520     else
 521       ss << val;
 522     return ss.str();
 523   };
 524
 525   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(123, to_string(123), 16) );
 526   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(123, to_string(123), 16) );
 527   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(123, to_string(123), 16) );
 528   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(123, to_string(123), 16) );
 529   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(123, to_string(123), 16) );
 530   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(123, to_string(123), 16) );
 531   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(123, to_string(123), 16) );
 532   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(123, to_string(123), 16) );
 533   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(123, to_string(123), 16) );
 534   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(123, to_string(123), 16) );
 535   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(123, to_string(123), 16) );
 536
 537   if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<char>)
 538     VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(-79, to_string(-79), 16) );
 539   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(-79, to_string(-79), 16) );
 540   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(-79, to_string(-79), 16) );
 541   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(-79, to_string(-79), 16) );
 542   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(-79, to_string(-79), 16) );
 543   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(-79, to_string(-79), 16) );
 544
 545   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(CHAR_MAX, to_string(CHAR_MAX), 16) );
 546   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(SCHAR_MAX, to_string(SCHAR_MAX), 16) );
 547   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(UCHAR_MAX, to_string(UCHAR_MAX), 16) );
 548   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(SHRT_MAX, to_string(SHRT_MAX), 16) );
 549   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(USHRT_MAX, to_string(USHRT_MAX), 16) );
 550   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(INT_MAX, to_string(INT_MAX), 16) );
 551   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(UINT_MAX, to_string(UINT_MAX), 16) );
 552   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(LONG_MAX, to_string(LONG_MAX), 16) );
 553   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(ULONG_MAX, to_string(ULONG_MAX), 16) );
 554   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(LLONG_MAX, to_string(LLONG_MAX), 16) );
 555   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(ULLONG_MAX, to_string(ULLONG_MAX), 16) );
 556
 557   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(CHAR_MIN, to_string(CHAR_MIN), 16) );
 558   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(SCHAR_MIN, to_string(SCHAR_MIN), 16) );
 559   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(SHRT_MIN, to_string(SHRT_MIN), 16) );
 560   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(INT_MIN, to_string(INT_MIN), 16) );
 561   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(LONG_MIN, to_string(LONG_MIN), 16) );
 562   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(LLONG_MIN, to_string(LLONG_MIN), 16) );
 563
 564   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(CHAR_MAX/2, to_string(CHAR_MAX/2), 16) );
 565   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(SCHAR_MAX/2, to_string(SCHAR_MAX/2), 16) );
 566   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(UCHAR_MAX/2, to_string(UCHAR_MAX/2), 16) );
 567   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(SHRT_MAX/2, to_string(SHRT_MAX/2), 16) );
 568   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(USHRT_MAX/2, to_string(USHRT_MAX/2), 16) );
 569   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(INT_MAX/2, to_string(INT_MAX/2), 16) );
 570   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(UINT_MAX/2, to_string(UINT_MAX/2), 16) );
 571   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(LONG_MAX/2, to_string(LONG_MAX/2), 16) );
 572   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(ULONG_MAX/2, to_string(ULONG_MAX/2), 16) );
 573   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(LLONG_MAX/2, to_string(LLONG_MAX/2), 16) );
 574   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(ULLONG_MAX/2, to_string(ULLONG_MAX/2), 16) );
 575 }
 576
 577 #include <bitset>
 578
 579 // base 2
 580 void
 581 test06()
 582 {
 583   auto to_string = [](auto val) {
 584     std::string s, sign;
 585     if (val < 0)
 586     {
 587       auto absval = ~val + 1ull;
 588       s = std::bitset<sizeof(absval) * CHAR_BIT>(absval).to_string();
 589       sign = '-';
 590     }
 591     else
 592       s = std::bitset<sizeof(val) * CHAR_BIT>(val).to_string();
 593     auto pos = s.find_first_not_of("0");
 594     if (pos == std::string::npos)
 595       s.resize(1);
 596     else
 597       s.erase(0, pos);
 598     return sign + s;
 599   };
 600
 601   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(123, to_string(123), 2) );
 602   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(123, to_string(123), 2) );
 603   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(123, to_string(123), 2) );
 604   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(123, to_string(123), 2) );
 605   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(123, to_string(123), 2) );
 606   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(123, to_string(123), 2) );
 607   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(123, to_string(123), 2) );
 608   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(123, to_string(123), 2) );
 609   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(123, to_string(123), 2) );
 610   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(123, to_string(123), 2) );
 611   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(123, to_string(123), 2) );
 612
 613   if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<char>)
 614     VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(-79, to_string(-79), 2) );
 615   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(-79, to_string(-79), 2) );
 616   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(-79, to_string(-79), 2) );
 617   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(-79, to_string(-79), 2) );
 618   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(-79, to_string(-79), 2) );
 619   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(-79, to_string(-79), 2) );
 620
 621   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(CHAR_MAX, to_string(CHAR_MAX), 2) );
 622   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(SCHAR_MAX, to_string(SCHAR_MAX), 2) );
 623   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(UCHAR_MAX, to_string(UCHAR_MAX), 2) );
 624   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(SHRT_MAX, to_string(SHRT_MAX), 2) );
 625   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(USHRT_MAX, to_string(USHRT_MAX), 2) );
 626   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(INT_MAX, to_string(INT_MAX), 2) );
 627   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(UINT_MAX, to_string(UINT_MAX), 2) );
 628   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(LONG_MAX, to_string(LONG_MAX), 2) );
 629   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(ULONG_MAX, to_string(ULONG_MAX), 2) );
 630   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(LLONG_MAX, to_string(LLONG_MAX), 2) );
 631   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(ULLONG_MAX, to_string(ULLONG_MAX), 2) );
 632
 633   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(CHAR_MIN, to_string(CHAR_MIN), 2) );
 634   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(SCHAR_MIN, to_string(SCHAR_MIN), 2) );
 635   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(SHRT_MIN, to_string(SHRT_MIN), 2) );
 636   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(INT_MIN, to_string(INT_MIN), 2) );
 637   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(LONG_MIN, to_string(LONG_MIN), 2) );
 638   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(LLONG_MIN, to_string(LLONG_MIN), 2) );
 639
 640   VERIFY( check_to_chars<char>(CHAR_MAX/2, to_string(CHAR_MAX/2), 2) );
 641   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed char>(SCHAR_MAX/2, to_string(SCHAR_MAX/2), 2) );
 642   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned char>(UCHAR_MAX/2, to_string(UCHAR_MAX/2), 2) );
 643   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed short>(SHRT_MAX/2, to_string(SHRT_MAX/2), 2) );
 644   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned short>(USHRT_MAX/2, to_string(USHRT_MAX/2), 2) );
 645   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed int>(INT_MAX/2, to_string(INT_MAX/2), 2) );
 646   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned int>(UINT_MAX/2, to_string(UINT_MAX/2), 2) );
 647   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long>(LONG_MAX/2, to_string(LONG_MAX/2), 2) );
 648   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long>(ULONG_MAX/2, to_string(ULONG_MAX/2), 2) );
 649   VERIFY( check_to_chars<signed long long>(LLONG_MAX/2, to_string(LLONG_MAX/2), 2) );
 650   VERIFY( check_to_chars<unsigned long long>(ULLONG_MAX/2, to_string(ULLONG_MAX/2), 2) );
 651 }
 652
 653 int
 654 main()
 655 {
 656   test01();
 657   test02();
 658   test03();
 659   test04();
 660   test05();
 661   test06();
 662 }