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1 // posix-threads.cc - interface between libjava and POSIX threads.
3 /* Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2006 Free Software Foundation
5 This file is part of libgcj.
7 This software is copyrighted work licensed under the terms of the
8 Libgcj License. Please consult the file "LIBGCJ_LICENSE" for
9 details. */
11 // TO DO:
12 // * Document signal handling limitations
14 #include <config.h>
16 #include "posix.h"
17 #include "posix-threads.h"
19 // If we're using the Boehm GC, then we need to override some of the
20 // thread primitives. This is fairly gross.
21 #ifdef HAVE_BOEHM_GC
22 #include <gc.h>
23 #endif /* HAVE_BOEHM_GC */
25 #include <stdlib.h>
26 #include <time.h>
27 #include <signal.h>
28 #include <errno.h>
29 #include <limits.h>
30 #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
31 #include <unistd.h> // To test for _POSIX_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
32 #endif
34 #include <gcj/cni.h>
35 #include <jvm.h>
36 #include <java/lang/Thread.h>
37 #include <java/lang/System.h>
38 #include <java/lang/Long.h>
39 #include <java/lang/OutOfMemoryError.h>
40 #include <java/lang/InternalError.h>
42 // This is used to implement thread startup.
43 struct starter
45 _Jv_ThreadStartFunc *method;
46 _Jv_Thread_t *data;
49 // This is the key used to map from the POSIX thread value back to the
50 // Java object representing the thread. The key is global to all
51 // threads, so it is ok to make it a global here.
52 pthread_key_t _Jv_ThreadKey;
54 // This is the key used to map from the POSIX thread value back to the
55 // _Jv_Thread_t* representing the thread.
56 pthread_key_t _Jv_ThreadDataKey;
58 // We keep a count of all non-daemon threads which are running. When
59 // this reaches zero, _Jv_ThreadWait returns.
60 static pthread_mutex_t daemon_mutex;
61 static pthread_cond_t daemon_cond;
62 static int non_daemon_count;
64 // The signal to use when interrupting a thread.
65 #if defined(LINUX_THREADS) || defined(FREEBSD_THREADS)
66 // LinuxThreads (prior to glibc 2.1) usurps both SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2.
67 // GC on FreeBSD uses both SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2.
68 # define INTR SIGHUP
69 #else /* LINUX_THREADS */
70 # define INTR SIGUSR2
71 #endif /* LINUX_THREADS */
74 // These are the flags that can appear in _Jv_Thread_t.
77 // Thread started.
78 #define FLAG_START 0x01
79 // Thread is daemon.
80 #define FLAG_DAEMON 0x02
84 int
85 _Jv_MutexLock (_Jv_Mutex_t *mu)
87 pthread_t self = pthread_self ();
88 if (mu->owner == self)
90 mu->count++;
92 else
94 JvSetThreadState holder (_Jv_ThreadCurrent(), JV_BLOCKED);
96 # ifdef LOCK_DEBUG
97 int result = pthread_mutex_lock (&mu->mutex);
98 if (0 != result)
100 fprintf(stderr, "Pthread_mutex_lock returned %d\n", result);
101 for (;;) {}
103 # else
104 pthread_mutex_lock (&mu->mutex);
105 # endif
106 mu->count = 1;
107 mu->owner = self;
109 return 0;
112 // Wait for the condition variable "CV" to be notified.
113 // Return values:
114 // 0: the condition was notified, or the timeout expired.
115 // _JV_NOT_OWNER: the thread does not own the mutex "MU".
116 // _JV_INTERRUPTED: the thread was interrupted. Its interrupted flag is set.
118 _Jv_CondWait (_Jv_ConditionVariable_t *cv, _Jv_Mutex_t *mu,
119 jlong millis, jint nanos)
121 pthread_t self = pthread_self();
122 if (mu->owner != self)
123 return _JV_NOT_OWNER;
125 struct timespec ts;
127 JvThreadState new_state = JV_WAITING;
128 if (millis > 0 || nanos > 0)
130 // Calculate the abstime corresponding to the timeout.
131 unsigned long long seconds;
132 unsigned long usec;
134 // For better accuracy, should use pthread_condattr_setclock
135 // and clock_gettime.
136 #ifdef HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
137 timeval tv;
138 gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
139 usec = tv.tv_usec;
140 seconds = tv.tv_sec;
141 #else
142 unsigned long long startTime = java::lang::System::currentTimeMillis();
143 seconds = startTime / 1000;
144 /* Assume we're about half-way through this millisecond. */
145 usec = (startTime % 1000) * 1000 + 500;
146 #endif
147 /* These next two statements cannot overflow. */
148 usec += nanos / 1000;
149 usec += (millis % 1000) * 1000;
150 /* These two statements could overflow only if tv.tv_sec was
151 insanely large. */
152 seconds += millis / 1000;
153 seconds += usec / 1000000;
155 ts.tv_sec = seconds;
156 if (ts.tv_sec < 0 || (unsigned long long)ts.tv_sec != seconds)
158 // We treat a timeout that won't fit into a struct timespec
159 // as a wait forever.
160 millis = nanos = 0;
162 else
163 /* This next statement also cannot overflow. */
164 ts.tv_nsec = (usec % 1000000) * 1000 + (nanos % 1000);
167 _Jv_Thread_t *current = _Jv_ThreadCurrentData ();
168 java::lang::Thread *current_obj = _Jv_ThreadCurrent ();
170 pthread_mutex_lock (&current->wait_mutex);
172 // Now that we hold the wait mutex, check if this thread has been
173 // interrupted already.
174 if (current_obj->interrupt_flag)
176 pthread_mutex_unlock (&current->wait_mutex);
177 return _JV_INTERRUPTED;
180 // Set the thread's state.
181 JvSetThreadState holder (current_obj, new_state);
183 // Add this thread to the cv's wait set.
184 current->next = NULL;
186 if (cv->first == NULL)
187 cv->first = current;
188 else
189 for (_Jv_Thread_t *t = cv->first;; t = t->next)
191 if (t->next == NULL)
193 t->next = current;
194 break;
198 // Record the current lock depth, so it can be restored when we re-aquire it.
199 int count = mu->count;
201 // Release the monitor mutex.
202 mu->count = 0;
203 mu->owner = 0;
204 pthread_mutex_unlock (&mu->mutex);
206 int r = 0;
207 bool done_sleeping = false;
209 while (! done_sleeping)
211 if (millis == 0 && nanos == 0)
212 r = pthread_cond_wait (&current->wait_cond, &current->wait_mutex);
213 else
214 r = pthread_cond_timedwait (&current->wait_cond, &current->wait_mutex,
215 &ts);
217 // In older glibc's (prior to 2.1.3), the cond_wait functions may
218 // spuriously wake up on a signal. Catch that here.
219 if (r != EINTR)
220 done_sleeping = true;
223 // Check for an interrupt *before* releasing the wait mutex.
224 jboolean interrupted = current_obj->interrupt_flag;
226 pthread_mutex_unlock (&current->wait_mutex);
228 // Reaquire the monitor mutex, and restore the lock count.
229 pthread_mutex_lock (&mu->mutex);
230 mu->owner = self;
231 mu->count = count;
233 // If we were interrupted, or if a timeout occurred, remove ourself from
234 // the cv wait list now. (If we were notified normally, notify() will have
235 // already taken care of this)
236 if (r == ETIMEDOUT || interrupted)
238 _Jv_Thread_t *prev = NULL;
239 for (_Jv_Thread_t *t = cv->first; t != NULL; t = t->next)
241 if (t == current)
243 if (prev != NULL)
244 prev->next = t->next;
245 else
246 cv->first = t->next;
247 t->next = NULL;
248 break;
250 prev = t;
252 if (interrupted)
253 return _JV_INTERRUPTED;
256 return 0;
260 _Jv_CondNotify (_Jv_ConditionVariable_t *cv, _Jv_Mutex_t *mu)
262 if (_Jv_MutexCheckMonitor (mu))
263 return _JV_NOT_OWNER;
265 _Jv_Thread_t *target;
266 _Jv_Thread_t *prev = NULL;
268 for (target = cv->first; target != NULL; target = target->next)
270 pthread_mutex_lock (&target->wait_mutex);
272 if (target->thread_obj->interrupt_flag)
274 // Don't notify a thread that has already been interrupted.
275 pthread_mutex_unlock (&target->wait_mutex);
276 prev = target;
277 continue;
280 pthread_cond_signal (&target->wait_cond);
281 pthread_mutex_unlock (&target->wait_mutex);
283 // Two concurrent notify() calls must not be delivered to the same
284 // thread, so remove the target thread from the cv wait list now.
285 if (prev == NULL)
286 cv->first = target->next;
287 else
288 prev->next = target->next;
290 target->next = NULL;
292 break;
295 return 0;
299 _Jv_CondNotifyAll (_Jv_ConditionVariable_t *cv, _Jv_Mutex_t *mu)
301 if (_Jv_MutexCheckMonitor (mu))
302 return _JV_NOT_OWNER;
304 _Jv_Thread_t *target;
305 _Jv_Thread_t *prev = NULL;
307 for (target = cv->first; target != NULL; target = target->next)
309 pthread_mutex_lock (&target->wait_mutex);
310 pthread_cond_signal (&target->wait_cond);
311 pthread_mutex_unlock (&target->wait_mutex);
313 if (prev != NULL)
314 prev->next = NULL;
315 prev = target;
317 if (prev != NULL)
318 prev->next = NULL;
320 cv->first = NULL;
322 return 0;
325 void
326 _Jv_ThreadInterrupt (_Jv_Thread_t *data)
328 pthread_mutex_lock (&data->wait_mutex);
330 // Set the thread's interrupted flag *after* aquiring its wait_mutex. This
331 // ensures that there are no races with the interrupt flag being set after
332 // the waiting thread checks it and before pthread_cond_wait is entered.
333 data->thread_obj->interrupt_flag = true;
335 // Interrupt blocking system calls using a signal.
336 pthread_kill (data->thread, INTR);
338 pthread_cond_signal (&data->wait_cond);
340 pthread_mutex_unlock (&data->wait_mutex);
344 * Releases the block on a thread created by _Jv_ThreadPark(). This
345 * method can also be used to terminate a blockage caused by a prior
346 * call to park. This operation is unsafe, as the thread must be
347 * guaranteed to be live.
349 * @param thread the thread to unblock.
351 void
352 ParkHelper::unpark ()
354 using namespace ::java::lang;
355 volatile obj_addr_t *ptr = &permit;
357 /* If this thread is in state RUNNING, give it a permit and return
358 immediately. */
359 if (compare_and_swap
360 (ptr, Thread::THREAD_PARK_RUNNING, Thread::THREAD_PARK_PERMIT))
361 return;
363 /* If this thread is parked, put it into state RUNNING and send it a
364 signal. */
365 if (compare_and_swap
366 (ptr, Thread::THREAD_PARK_PARKED, Thread::THREAD_PARK_RUNNING))
368 int result;
369 pthread_mutex_lock (&mutex);
370 result = pthread_cond_signal (&cond);
371 pthread_mutex_unlock (&mutex);
372 JvAssert (result == 0);
377 * Sets our state to dead.
379 void
380 ParkHelper::deactivate ()
382 permit = ::java::lang::Thread::THREAD_PARK_DEAD;
385 void
386 ParkHelper::init ()
388 pthread_mutex_init (&mutex, NULL);
389 pthread_cond_init (&cond, NULL);
390 permit = ::java::lang::Thread::THREAD_PARK_RUNNING;
394 * Blocks the thread until a matching _Jv_ThreadUnpark() occurs, the
395 * thread is interrupted or the optional timeout expires. If an
396 * unpark call has already occurred, this also counts. A timeout
397 * value of zero is defined as no timeout. When isAbsolute is true,
398 * the timeout is in milliseconds relative to the epoch. Otherwise,
399 * the value is the number of nanoseconds which must occur before
400 * timeout. This call may also return spuriously (i.e. for no
401 * apparent reason).
403 * @param isAbsolute true if the timeout is specified in milliseconds from
404 * the epoch.
405 * @param time either the number of nanoseconds to wait, or a time in
406 * milliseconds from the epoch to wait for.
408 void
409 ParkHelper::park (jboolean isAbsolute, jlong time)
411 using namespace ::java::lang;
412 volatile obj_addr_t *ptr = &permit;
414 /* If we have a permit, return immediately. */
415 if (compare_and_swap
416 (ptr, Thread::THREAD_PARK_PERMIT, Thread::THREAD_PARK_RUNNING))
417 return;
419 struct timespec ts;
421 if (time)
423 unsigned long long seconds;
424 unsigned long usec;
426 if (isAbsolute)
428 ts.tv_sec = time / 1000;
429 ts.tv_nsec = (time % 1000) * 1000 * 1000;
431 else
433 // Calculate the abstime corresponding to the timeout.
434 jlong nanos = time;
435 jlong millis = 0;
437 // For better accuracy, should use pthread_condattr_setclock
438 // and clock_gettime.
439 #ifdef HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
440 timeval tv;
441 gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
442 usec = tv.tv_usec;
443 seconds = tv.tv_sec;
444 #else
445 unsigned long long startTime
446 = java::lang::System::currentTimeMillis();
447 seconds = startTime / 1000;
448 /* Assume we're about half-way through this millisecond. */
449 usec = (startTime % 1000) * 1000 + 500;
450 #endif
451 /* These next two statements cannot overflow. */
452 usec += nanos / 1000;
453 usec += (millis % 1000) * 1000;
454 /* These two statements could overflow only if tv.tv_sec was
455 insanely large. */
456 seconds += millis / 1000;
457 seconds += usec / 1000000;
459 ts.tv_sec = seconds;
460 if (ts.tv_sec < 0 || (unsigned long long)ts.tv_sec != seconds)
462 // We treat a timeout that won't fit into a struct timespec
463 // as a wait forever.
464 millis = nanos = 0;
466 else
467 /* This next statement also cannot overflow. */
468 ts.tv_nsec = (usec % 1000000) * 1000 + (nanos % 1000);
472 pthread_mutex_lock (&mutex);
473 if (compare_and_swap
474 (ptr, Thread::THREAD_PARK_RUNNING, Thread::THREAD_PARK_PARKED))
476 int result = 0;
478 if (! time)
479 result = pthread_cond_wait (&cond, &mutex);
480 else
481 result = pthread_cond_timedwait (&cond, &mutex, &ts);
483 JvAssert (result == 0 || result == ETIMEDOUT);
485 /* If we were unparked by some other thread, this will already
486 be in state THREAD_PARK_RUNNING. If we timed out or were
487 interrupted, we have to do it ourself. */
488 permit = Thread::THREAD_PARK_RUNNING;
490 pthread_mutex_unlock (&mutex);
493 static void
494 handle_intr (int)
496 // Do nothing.
499 void
500 _Jv_BlockSigchld()
502 sigset_t mask;
503 sigemptyset (&mask);
504 sigaddset (&mask, SIGCHLD);
505 int c = pthread_sigmask (SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL);
506 if (c != 0)
507 JvFail (strerror (c));
510 void
511 _Jv_UnBlockSigchld()
513 sigset_t mask;
514 sigemptyset (&mask);
515 sigaddset (&mask, SIGCHLD);
516 int c = pthread_sigmask (SIG_UNBLOCK, &mask, NULL);
517 if (c != 0)
518 JvFail (strerror (c));
521 void
522 _Jv_InitThreads (void)
524 pthread_key_create (&_Jv_ThreadKey, NULL);
525 pthread_key_create (&_Jv_ThreadDataKey, NULL);
526 pthread_mutex_init (&daemon_mutex, NULL);
527 pthread_cond_init (&daemon_cond, 0);
528 non_daemon_count = 0;
530 // Arrange for the interrupt signal to interrupt system calls.
531 struct sigaction act;
532 act.sa_handler = handle_intr;
533 sigemptyset (&act.sa_mask);
534 act.sa_flags = 0;
535 sigaction (INTR, &act, NULL);
537 // Block SIGCHLD here to ensure that any non-Java threads inherit the new
538 // signal mask.
539 _Jv_BlockSigchld();
541 // Check/set the thread stack size.
542 size_t min_ss = 32 * 1024;
544 if (sizeof (void *) == 8)
545 // Bigger default on 64-bit systems.
546 min_ss *= 2;
548 #ifdef PTHREAD_STACK_MIN
549 if (min_ss < PTHREAD_STACK_MIN)
550 min_ss = PTHREAD_STACK_MIN;
551 #endif
553 if (gcj::stack_size > 0 && gcj::stack_size < min_ss)
554 gcj::stack_size = min_ss;
557 _Jv_Thread_t *
558 _Jv_ThreadInitData (java::lang::Thread *obj)
560 _Jv_Thread_t *data = (_Jv_Thread_t *) _Jv_Malloc (sizeof (_Jv_Thread_t));
561 data->flags = 0;
562 data->thread_obj = obj;
564 pthread_mutex_init (&data->wait_mutex, NULL);
565 pthread_cond_init (&data->wait_cond, NULL);
567 return data;
570 void
571 _Jv_ThreadDestroyData (_Jv_Thread_t *data)
573 pthread_mutex_destroy (&data->wait_mutex);
574 pthread_cond_destroy (&data->wait_cond);
575 _Jv_Free ((void *)data);
578 void
579 _Jv_ThreadSetPriority (_Jv_Thread_t *data, jint prio)
581 #ifdef _POSIX_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
582 if (data->flags & FLAG_START)
584 struct sched_param param;
586 param.sched_priority = prio;
587 pthread_setschedparam (data->thread, SCHED_OTHER, &param);
589 #endif
592 void
593 _Jv_ThreadRegister (_Jv_Thread_t *data)
595 pthread_setspecific (_Jv_ThreadKey, data->thread_obj);
596 pthread_setspecific (_Jv_ThreadDataKey, data);
598 // glibc 2.1.3 doesn't set the value of `thread' until after start_routine
599 // is called. Since it may need to be accessed from the new thread, work
600 // around the potential race here by explicitly setting it again.
601 data->thread = pthread_self ();
603 # ifdef SLOW_PTHREAD_SELF
604 // Clear all self cache slots that might be needed by this thread.
605 int dummy;
606 int low_index = SC_INDEX(&dummy) + SC_CLEAR_MIN;
607 int high_index = SC_INDEX(&dummy) + SC_CLEAR_MAX;
608 for (int i = low_index; i <= high_index; ++i)
610 int current_index = i;
611 if (current_index < 0)
612 current_index += SELF_CACHE_SIZE;
613 if (current_index >= SELF_CACHE_SIZE)
614 current_index -= SELF_CACHE_SIZE;
615 _Jv_self_cache[current_index].high_sp_bits = BAD_HIGH_SP_VALUE;
617 # endif
618 // Block SIGCHLD which is used in natPosixProcess.cc.
619 _Jv_BlockSigchld();
622 void
623 _Jv_ThreadUnRegister ()
625 pthread_setspecific (_Jv_ThreadKey, NULL);
626 pthread_setspecific (_Jv_ThreadDataKey, NULL);
629 // This function is called when a thread is started. We don't arrange
630 // to call the `run' method directly, because this function must
631 // return a value.
632 static void *
633 really_start (void *x)
635 struct starter *info = (struct starter *) x;
637 _Jv_ThreadRegister (info->data);
639 info->method (info->data->thread_obj);
641 if (! (info->data->flags & FLAG_DAEMON))
643 pthread_mutex_lock (&daemon_mutex);
644 --non_daemon_count;
645 if (! non_daemon_count)
646 pthread_cond_signal (&daemon_cond);
647 pthread_mutex_unlock (&daemon_mutex);
650 return NULL;
653 void
654 _Jv_ThreadStart (java::lang::Thread *thread, _Jv_Thread_t *data,
655 _Jv_ThreadStartFunc *meth)
657 struct sched_param param;
658 pthread_attr_t attr;
659 struct starter *info;
661 if (data->flags & FLAG_START)
662 return;
663 data->flags |= FLAG_START;
665 // Block SIGCHLD which is used in natPosixProcess.cc.
666 // The current mask is inherited by the child thread.
667 _Jv_BlockSigchld();
669 param.sched_priority = thread->getPriority();
671 pthread_attr_init (&attr);
672 pthread_attr_setschedparam (&attr, &param);
673 pthread_attr_setdetachstate (&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
675 // Set stack size if -Xss option was given.
676 if (gcj::stack_size > 0)
678 int e = pthread_attr_setstacksize (&attr, gcj::stack_size);
679 if (e != 0)
680 JvFail (strerror (e));
683 info = (struct starter *) _Jv_AllocBytes (sizeof (struct starter));
684 info->method = meth;
685 info->data = data;
687 if (! thread->isDaemon())
689 pthread_mutex_lock (&daemon_mutex);
690 ++non_daemon_count;
691 pthread_mutex_unlock (&daemon_mutex);
693 else
694 data->flags |= FLAG_DAEMON;
695 int r = pthread_create (&data->thread, &attr, really_start, (void *) info);
697 pthread_attr_destroy (&attr);
699 if (r)
701 const char* msg = "Cannot create additional threads";
702 throw new java::lang::OutOfMemoryError (JvNewStringUTF (msg));
706 void
707 _Jv_ThreadWait (void)
709 pthread_mutex_lock (&daemon_mutex);
710 if (non_daemon_count)
711 pthread_cond_wait (&daemon_cond, &daemon_mutex);
712 pthread_mutex_unlock (&daemon_mutex);
715 #if defined(SLOW_PTHREAD_SELF)
717 #include "sysdep/locks.h"
719 // Support for pthread_self() lookup cache.
720 volatile self_cache_entry _Jv_self_cache[SELF_CACHE_SIZE];
722 _Jv_ThreadId_t
723 _Jv_ThreadSelf_out_of_line(volatile self_cache_entry *sce, size_t high_sp_bits)
725 pthread_t self = pthread_self();
726 sce -> high_sp_bits = high_sp_bits;
727 write_barrier();
728 sce -> self = self;
729 return self;
732 #endif /* SLOW_PTHREAD_SELF */