| blob | d9fb0ea0086f0d3d5e71576846ceb3b5fad2a066 |
1 /* Handle initialization things in C++.
2 Copyright (C) 1987-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 Contributed by Michael Tiemann (tiemann@cygnus.com)
5 This file is part of GCC.
7 GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
10 any later version.
12 GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with GCC; see the file COPYING3. If not see
19 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
21 /* High-level class interface. */
54 /* We are about to generate some complex initialization code.
55 Conceptually, it is all a single expression. However, we may want
56 to include conditionals, loops, and other such statement-level
57 constructs. Therefore, we build the initialization code inside a
58 statement-expression. This function starts such an expression.
59 STMT_EXPR_P and COMPOUND_STMT_P are filled in by this function;
60 pass them back to finish_init_stmts when the expression is
61 complete. */
63 static bool
65 {
72 }
74 /* Finish out the statement-expression begun by the previous call to
75 begin_init_stmts. Returns the statement-expression itself. */
77 static tree
79 {
87 }
89 /* Constructors */
91 /* Called from initialize_vtbl_ptrs via dfs_walk. BINFO is the base
92 which we want to initialize the vtable pointer for, DATA is
93 TREE_LIST whose TREE_VALUE is the this ptr expression. */
95 static tree
97 {
102 {
106 tf_warning_or_error);
109 }
112 }
114 /* Initialize all the vtable pointers in the object pointed to by
115 ADDR. */
117 void
119 {
120 tree list;
121 tree type;
126 /* Walk through the hierarchy, initializing the vptr in each base
127 class. We do these in pre-order because we can't find the virtual
128 bases for a class until we've initialized the vtbl for that
129 class. */
131 }
133 /* Return an expression for the zero-initialization of an object with
134 type T. This expression will either be a constant (in the case
135 that T is a scalar), or a CONSTRUCTOR (in the case that T is an
136 aggregate), or NULL (in the case that T does not require
137 initialization). In either case, the value can be used as
138 DECL_INITIAL for a decl of the indicated TYPE; it is a valid static
139 initializer. If NELTS is non-NULL, and TYPE is an ARRAY_TYPE, NELTS
140 is the number of elements in the array. If STATIC_STORAGE_P is
141 TRUE, initializers are only generated for entities for which
142 zero-initialization does not simply mean filling the storage with
143 zero bytes. FIELD_SIZE, if non-NULL, is the bit size of the field,
144 subfields with bit positions at or above that bit size shouldn't
145 be added. Note that this only works when the result is assigned
146 to a base COMPONENT_REF; if we only have a pointer to the base subobject,
147 expand_assignment will end up clearing the full size of TYPE. */
149 static tree
151 tree field_size)
152 {
155 /* [dcl.init]
157 To zero-initialize an object of type T means:
159 -- if T is a scalar type, the storage is set to the value of zero
160 converted to T.
162 -- if T is a non-union class type, the storage for each nonstatic
163 data member and each base-class subobject is zero-initialized.
165 -- if T is a union type, the storage for its first data member is
166 zero-initialized.
168 -- if T is an array type, the storage for each element is
169 zero-initialized.
171 -- if T is a reference type, no initialization is performed. */
176 ;
178 /* In order to save space, we do not explicitly build initializers
179 for items that do not need them. GCC's semantics are that
180 items with static storage duration that are not otherwise
181 initialized are initialized to zero. */
182 ;
190 {
191 tree field;
194 /* Iterate over the fields, building initializations. */
196 {
203 /* Don't add virtual bases for base classes if they are beyond
204 the size of the current field, that means it is present
205 somewhere else in the object. */
207 {
212 }
214 /* Note that for class types there will be FIELD_DECLs
215 corresponding to base classes as well. Thus, iterating
216 over TYPE_FIELDs will result in correct initialization of
217 all of the subobjects. */
219 {
220 tree new_field_size
227 static_storage_p,
228 new_field_size);
231 }
233 /* For unions, only the first field is initialized. */
236 }
238 /* Build a constructor to contain the initializations. */
240 }
242 {
243 tree max_index;
246 /* Iterate over the array elements, building initializations. */
251 else
254 /* If we have an error_mark here, we should just return error mark
255 as we don't know the size of the array yet. */
260 /* A zero-sized array, which is accepted as an extension, will
261 have an upper bound of -1. */
263 {
264 constructor_elt ce;
266 /* If this is a one element array, we just use a regular init. */
269 else
271 max_index);
277 {
280 }
281 }
283 /* Build a constructor to contain the initializations. */
285 }
288 else
289 {
292 }
294 /* In all cases, the initializer is a constant. */
299 }
301 /* Return an expression for the zero-initialization of an object with
302 type T. This expression will either be a constant (in the case
303 that T is a scalar), or a CONSTRUCTOR (in the case that T is an
304 aggregate), or NULL (in the case that T does not require
305 initialization). In either case, the value can be used as
306 DECL_INITIAL for a decl of the indicated TYPE; it is a valid static
307 initializer. If NELTS is non-NULL, and TYPE is an ARRAY_TYPE, NELTS
308 is the number of elements in the array. If STATIC_STORAGE_P is
309 TRUE, initializers are only generated for entities for which
310 zero-initialization does not simply mean filling the storage with
311 zero bytes. */
313 tree
315 {
317 }
319 /* Return a suitable initializer for value-initializing an object of type
320 TYPE, as described in [dcl.init]. */
322 tree
324 {
325 /* [dcl.init]
327 To value-initialize an object of type T means:
329 - if T is a class type (clause 9) with either no default constructor
330 (12.1) or a default constructor that is user-provided or deleted,
331 then the object is default-initialized;
333 - if T is a (possibly cv-qualified) class type without a user-provided
334 or deleted default constructor, then the object is zero-initialized
335 and the semantic constraints for default-initialization are checked,
336 and if T has a non-trivial default constructor, the object is
337 default-initialized;
339 - if T is an array type, then each element is value-initialized;
341 - otherwise, the object is zero-initialized.
343 A program that calls for default-initialization or
344 value-initialization of an entity of reference type is ill-formed. */
346 /* The AGGR_INIT_EXPR tweaking below breaks in templates. */
352 {
353 tree ctor =
356 complain);
366 {
367 /* This is a class that needs constructing, but doesn't have
368 a user-provided constructor. So we need to zero-initialize
369 the object and then call the implicitly defined ctor.
370 This will be handled in simplify_aggr_init_expr. */
373 }
374 }
376 /* Discard any access checking during subobject initialization;
377 the checks are implied by the call to the ctor which we have
378 verified is OK (cpp0x/defaulted46.C). */
383 }
385 /* Like build_value_init, but don't call the constructor for TYPE. Used
386 for base initializers. */
388 tree
390 {
392 {
396 }
397 /* FIXME the class and array cases should just use digest_init once it is
398 SFINAE-enabled. */
400 {
405 {
406 tree field;
409 /* Iterate over the fields, building initializations. */
411 {
422 /* We could skip vfields and fields of types with
423 user-defined constructors, but I think that won't improve
424 performance at all; it should be simpler in general just
425 to zero out the entire object than try to only zero the
426 bits that actually need it. */
428 /* Note that for class types there will be FIELD_DECLs
429 corresponding to base classes as well. Thus, iterating
430 over TYPE_FIELDs will result in correct initialization of
431 all of the subobjects. */
440 /* We shouldn't have gotten here for anything that would need
441 non-trivial initialization, and gimplify_init_ctor_preeval
442 would need to be fixed to allow it. */
445 }
447 /* Build a constructor to contain the zero- initializations. */
449 }
450 }
452 {
455 /* Iterate over the array elements, building initializations. */
458 /* If we have an error_mark here, we should just return error mark
459 as we don't know the size of the array yet. */
461 {
464 type);
466 }
469 /* A zero-sized array, which is accepted as an extension, will
470 have an upper bound of -1. */
472 {
473 constructor_elt ce;
475 /* If this is a one element array, we just use a regular init. */
478 else
489 /* We shouldn't have gotten here for anything that would need
490 non-trivial initialization, and gimplify_init_ctor_preeval
491 would need to be fixed to allow it. */
494 }
496 /* Build a constructor to contain the initializations. */
498 }
500 {
504 }
506 {
510 }
513 }
515 /* Initialize current class with INIT, a TREE_LIST of
516 arguments for a target constructor. If TREE_LIST is void_type_node,
517 an empty initializer list was given. */
519 static void
521 {
527 tf_warning_or_error));
529 {
531 LOOKUP_NORMAL
532 |LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL
538 }
539 }
541 /* Return the non-static data initializer for FIELD_DECL MEMBER. */
545 tree
547 {
548 tree init;
553 {
555 location_t expr_loc
562 /* Check recursive instantiation. */
564 {
569 }
570 else
571 {
584 /* Do deferred instantiation of the NSDMI. */
585 init = (tsubst_copy_and_build
596 {
600 }
604 }
605 }
606 else
610 {
612 {
617 }
619 }
622 {
625 }
626 else
627 {
628 /* Use a PLACEHOLDER_EXPR when we don't have a 'this' parameter to
629 refer to; constexpr evaluation knows what to do with it. */
632 }
634 /* Strip redundant TARGET_EXPR so we don't need to remap it, and
635 so the aggregate init code below will see a CONSTRUCTOR. */
641 /* Now put it back so C++17 copy elision works. */
647 }
649 /* Diagnose the flexible array MEMBER if its INITializer is non-null
650 and return true if so. Otherwise return false. */
652 bool
654 {
662 /* Point at the flexible array member declaration if it's initialized
663 in-class, and at the ctor if it's initialized in a ctor member
664 initializer list. */
665 location_t loc;
667 || !current_function_decl
670 else
675 }
677 /* Initialize MEMBER, a FIELD_DECL, with INIT, a TREE_LIST of
678 arguments. If TREE_LIST is void_type_node, an empty initializer
679 list was given; if NULL_TREE no initializer was given. */
681 static void
683 {
684 tree decl;
687 /* Use the non-static data member initializer if there was no
688 mem-initializer for this field. */
695 /* Effective C++ rule 12 requires that all data members be
696 initialized. */
700 member);
702 /* Get an lvalue for the data member. */
706 tf_warning_or_error);
712 {
714 /* Handle references. */
721 member);
722 }
725 {
726 /* mem() means value-initialization. */
728 {
732 }
733 else
734 {
740 }
741 }
742 /* Deal with this here, as we will get confused if we try to call the
743 assignment op for an anonymous union. This can happen in a
744 synthesized copy constructor. */
746 {
748 {
751 }
752 }
755 /* Pre-digested NSDMI. */
758 /* { } mem-initializer. */
763 {
764 /* With references and list-initialization, we need to deal with
765 extending temporary lifetimes. 12.2p5: "A temporary bound to a
766 reference member in a constructor’s ctor-initializer (12.6.2)
767 persists until the constructor exits." */
772 tf_warning_or_error);
774 {
779 }
782 /* A FIELD_DECL doesn't really have a suitable lifetime, but
783 make_temporary_var_for_ref_to_temp will treat it as automatic and
784 set_up_extended_ref_temp wants to use the decl in a warning. */
794 }
797 {
799 {
801 {
802 /* Check to make sure the member initializer is valid and
803 something like a CONSTRUCTOR in: T a[] = { 1, 2 } and
804 if it isn't, return early to avoid triggering another
805 error below. */
811 else
816 }
820 {
822 {
823 /* Initialize the array only if it's not a flexible
824 array member (i.e., if it has an upper bound). */
828 }
829 }
830 else
832 }
833 else
834 {
841 {
842 /* TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING can be set just because we have a
843 vtable; still give this diagnostic. */
848 }
850 tf_warning_or_error));
851 }
852 }
853 else
854 {
856 {
857 tree core_type;
858 /* member traversal: note it leaves init NULL */
860 {
865 }
867 {
872 }
882 }
884 /* There was an explicit member initialization. Do some work
885 in that case. */
887 tf_warning_or_error);
889 /* Reject a member initializer for a flexible array member. */
893 tf_warning_or_error));
894 }
897 {
898 tree expr;
903 tf_warning_or_error);
906 tf_warning_or_error);
911 }
912 }
914 /* Returns a TREE_LIST containing (as the TREE_PURPOSE of each node) all
915 the FIELD_DECLs on the TYPE_FIELDS list for T, in reverse order. */
917 static tree
919 {
920 tree fields;
922 /* Note whether or not T is a union. */
927 {
928 tree fieldtype;
930 /* Skip CONST_DECLs for enumeration constants and so forth. */
936 /* For an anonymous struct or union, we must recursively
937 consider the fields of the anonymous type. They can be
938 directly initialized from the constructor. */
940 {
941 /* Add this field itself. Synthesized copy constructors
942 initialize the entire aggregate. */
944 /* And now add the fields in the anonymous aggregate. */
947 }
948 /* Add this field. */
951 }
954 }
956 /* Return the innermost aggregate scope for FIELD, whether that is
957 the enclosing class or an anonymous aggregate within it. */
959 static tree
961 {
964 else
966 }
968 /* The MEM_INITS are a TREE_LIST. The TREE_PURPOSE of each list gives
969 a FIELD_DECL or BINFO in T that needs initialization. The
970 TREE_VALUE gives the initializer, or list of initializer arguments.
972 Return a TREE_LIST containing all of the initializations required
973 for T, in the order in which they should be performed. The output
974 list has the same format as the input. */
976 static tree
978 {
979 tree init;
981 tree sorted_inits;
982 tree next_subobject;
987 /* Build up a list of initializations. The TREE_PURPOSE of entry
988 will be the subobject (a FIELD_DECL or BINFO) to initialize. The
989 TREE_VALUE will be the constructor arguments, or NULL if no
990 explicit initialization was provided. */
993 /* Process the virtual bases. */
998 /* Process the direct bases. */
1004 /* Process the non-static data members. */
1006 /* Reverse the entire list of initializations, so that they are in
1007 the order that they will actually be performed. */
1010 /* If the user presented the initializers in an order different from
1011 that in which they will actually occur, we issue a warning. Keep
1012 track of the next subobject which can be explicitly initialized
1013 without issuing a warning. */
1016 /* Go through the explicit initializers, filling in TREE_PURPOSE in
1017 the SORTED_INITS. */
1019 {
1020 tree subobject;
1021 tree subobject_init;
1025 /* If the explicit initializers are in sorted order, then
1026 SUBOBJECT will be NEXT_SUBOBJECT, or something following
1027 it. */
1029 subobject_init;
1034 /* Issue a warning if the explicit initializer order does not
1035 match that which will actually occur.
1036 ??? Are all these on the correct lines? */
1038 {
1043 else
1049 else
1053 }
1055 /* Look again, from the beginning of the list. */
1057 {
1061 }
1063 /* It is invalid to initialize the same subobject more than
1064 once. */
1066 {
1070 subobject);
1071 else
1074 subobject);
1075 }
1077 /* Record the initialization. */
1080 }
1082 /* [class.base.init]
1084 If a ctor-initializer specifies more than one mem-initializer for
1085 multiple members of the same union (including members of
1086 anonymous unions), the ctor-initializer is ill-formed.
1088 Here we also splice out uninitialized union members. */
1090 {
1094 {
1095 tree field;
1096 tree ctx;
1102 /* Skip base classes. */
1106 /* If this is an anonymous aggregate with no explicit initializer,
1107 splice it out. */
1111 /* See if this field is a member of a union, or a member of a
1112 structure contained in a union, etc. */
1115 /* If this field is not a member of a union, skip it. */
1120 /* If this union member has no explicit initializer and no NSDMI,
1121 splice it out. */
1124 else
1127 /* It's only an error if we have two initializers for the same
1128 union type. */
1130 {
1133 }
1135 /* See if LAST_FIELD and the field initialized by INIT are
1136 members of the same union (or the union itself). If so, there's
1137 a problem, unless they're actually members of the same structure
1138 which is itself a member of a union. For example, given:
1140 union { struct { int i; int j; }; };
1142 initializing both `i' and `j' makes sense. */
1143 ctx = common_enclosing_class
1149 {
1150 /* A mem-initializer hides an NSDMI. */
1155 else
1156 {
1159 ctx);
1161 }
1162 }
1166 next:
1169 splice:
1172 }
1173 }
1176 }
1178 /* Callback for cp_walk_tree to mark all PARM_DECLs in a tree as read. */
1180 static tree
1182 {
1187 }
1189 /* Initialize all bases and members of CURRENT_CLASS_TYPE. MEM_INITS
1190 is a TREE_LIST giving the explicit mem-initializer-list for the
1191 constructor. The TREE_PURPOSE of each entry is a subobject (a
1192 FIELD_DECL or a BINFO) of the CURRENT_CLASS_TYPE. The TREE_VALUE
1193 is a TREE_LIST giving the arguments to the constructor or
1194 void_type_node for an empty list of arguments. */
1196 void
1198 {
1201 /* We will already have issued an error message about the fact that
1202 the type is incomplete. */
1209 {
1210 /* Delegating constructor. */
1214 }
1220 /* Sort the mem-initializers into the order in which the
1221 initializations should be performed. */
1226 /* Initialize base classes. */
1230 {
1234 /* We already have issued an error message. */
1238 /* Suppress access control when calling the inherited ctor. */
1240 && flag_new_inheriting_ctors
1246 {
1247 /* If these initializations are taking place in a copy constructor,
1248 the base class should probably be explicitly initialized if there
1249 is a user-defined constructor in the base class (other than the
1250 default constructor, which will be called anyway). */
1258 }
1260 /* Initialize the base. */
1262 {
1263 tree base_addr;
1269 arguments,
1270 flags,
1271 tf_warning_or_error);
1273 }
1275 /* C++14 DR1658 Means we do not have to construct vbases of
1276 abstract classes. */
1278 else
1279 /* When not constructing vbases of abstract classes, at least mark
1280 the arguments expressions as read to avoid
1281 -Wunused-but-set-parameter false positives. */
1286 }
1289 /* Initialize the vptrs. */
1292 /* Initialize the data members. */
1294 {
1298 }
1299 }
1301 /* Returns the address of the vtable (i.e., the value that should be
1302 assigned to the vptr) for BINFO. */
1304 tree
1306 {
1308 tree vtbl;
1311 /* If this is a virtual primary base, then the vtable we want to store
1312 is that for the base this is being used as the primary base of. We
1313 can't simply skip the initialization, because we may be expanding the
1314 inits of a subobject constructor where the virtual base layout
1315 can be different. */
1319 /* Figure out what vtable BINFO's vtable is based on, and mark it as
1320 used. */
1324 /* Now compute the address to use when initializing the vptr. */
1330 }
1332 /* This code sets up the virtual function tables appropriate for
1333 the pointer DECL. It is a one-ply initialization.
1335 BINFO is the exact type that DECL is supposed to be. In
1336 multiple inheritance, this might mean "C's A" if C : A, B. */
1338 static void
1340 {
1342 tree vtt_index;
1344 /* Compute the initializer for vptr. */
1347 /* We may get this vptr from a VTT, if this is a subobject
1348 constructor or subobject destructor. */
1351 {
1352 tree vtbl2;
1353 tree vtt_parm;
1355 /* Compute the value to use, when there's a VTT. */
1361 /* The actual initializer is the VTT value only in the subobject
1362 constructor. In maybe_clone_body we'll substitute NULL for
1363 the vtt_parm in the case of the non-subobject constructor. */
1365 }
1367 /* Compute the location of the vtpr. */
1372 /* Assign the vtable to the vptr. */
1376 }
1378 /* If an exception is thrown in a constructor, those base classes already
1379 constructed must be destroyed. This function creates the cleanup
1380 for BINFO, which has just been constructed. If FLAG is non-NULL,
1381 it is a DECL which is nonzero when this base needs to be
1382 destroyed. */
1384 static void
1386 {
1387 tree expr;
1392 /* Call the destructor. */
1394 base_dtor_identifier,
1395 NULL,
1396 binfo,
1398 tf_warning_or_error);
1410 }
1412 /* Construct the virtual base-class VBASE passing the ARGUMENTS to its
1413 constructor. */
1415 static void
1417 {
1418 tree inner_if_stmt;
1419 tree exp;
1420 tree flag;
1422 /* If there are virtual base classes with destructors, we need to
1423 emit cleanups to destroy them if an exception is thrown during
1424 the construction process. These exception regions (i.e., the
1425 period during which the cleanups must occur) begin from the time
1426 the construction is complete to the end of the function. If we
1427 create a conditional block in which to initialize the
1428 base-classes, then the cleanup region for the virtual base begins
1429 inside a block, and ends outside of that block. This situation
1430 confuses the sjlj exception-handling code. Therefore, we do not
1431 create a single conditional block, but one for each
1432 initialization. (That way the cleanup regions always begin
1433 in the outer block.) We trust the back end to figure out
1434 that the FLAG will not change across initializations, and
1435 avoid doing multiple tests. */
1440 /* Compute the location of the virtual base. If we're
1441 constructing virtual bases, then we must be the most derived
1442 class. Therefore, we don't have to look up the virtual base;
1443 we already know where it is. */
1452 }
1454 /* Find the context in which this FIELD can be initialized. */
1456 static tree
1458 {
1461 /* Anonymous union members can be initialized in the first enclosing
1462 non-anonymous union context. */
1466 }
1468 /* Function to give error message if member initialization specification
1469 is erroneous. FIELD is the member we decided to initialize.
1470 TYPE is the type for which the initialization is being performed.
1471 FIELD must be a member of TYPE.
1473 MEMBER_NAME is the name of the member. */
1475 static int
1477 {
1481 {
1483 member_name);
1485 }
1487 {
1490 field);
1492 }
1494 {
1498 }
1500 {
1502 member_name);
1504 }
1507 }
1509 /* NAME is a FIELD_DECL, an IDENTIFIER_NODE which names a field, or it
1510 is a _TYPE node or TYPE_DECL which names a base for that type.
1511 Check the validity of NAME, and return either the base _TYPE, base
1512 binfo, or the FIELD_DECL of the member. If NAME is invalid, return
1513 NULL_TREE and issue a diagnostic.
1515 An old style unnamed direct single base construction is permitted,
1516 where NAME is NULL. */
1518 tree
1520 {
1521 tree basetype;
1522 tree field;
1528 {
1529 /* This is an obsolete unnamed base class initializer. The
1530 parser will already have warned about its use. */
1532 {
1535 current_class_type);
1538 basetype = BINFO_TYPE
1543 current_class_type);
1545 }
1546 }
1548 {
1551 }
1554 else
1558 {
1559 tree class_binfo;
1560 tree direct_binfo;
1561 tree virtual_binfo;
1572 /* Look for a direct base. */
1577 /* Look for a virtual base -- unless the direct base is itself
1578 virtual. */
1582 /* [class.base.init]
1584 If a mem-initializer-id is ambiguous because it designates
1585 both a direct non-virtual base class and an inherited virtual
1586 base class, the mem-initializer is ill-formed. */
1588 {
1590 basetype);
1592 }
1595 {
1599 else
1603 }
1606 }
1607 else
1608 {
1611 else
1616 }
1619 }
1621 /* This is like `expand_member_init', only it stores one aggregate
1622 value into another.
1624 INIT comes in two flavors: it is either a value which
1625 is to be stored in EXP, or it is a parameter list
1626 to go to a constructor, which will operate on EXP.
1627 If INIT is not a parameter list for a constructor, then set
1628 LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING.
1629 If FLAGS is LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING then it is the = init form of
1630 the initializer, if FLAGS is 0, then it is the (init) form.
1631 If `init' is a CONSTRUCTOR, then we emit a warning message,
1632 explaining that such initializations are invalid.
1634 If INIT resolves to a CALL_EXPR which happens to return
1635 something of the type we are looking for, then we know
1636 that we can safely use that call to perform the
1637 initialization.
1639 The virtual function table pointer cannot be set up here, because
1640 we do not really know its type.
1642 This never calls operator=().
1644 When initializing, nothing is CONST.
1646 A default copy constructor may have to be used to perform the
1647 initialization.
1649 A constructor or a conversion operator may have to be used to
1650 perform the initialization, but not both, as it would be ambiguous. */
1652 tree
1654 {
1655 tree stmt_expr;
1656 tree compound_stmt;
1666 location_t init_loc = (init
1674 {
1679 {
1683 {
1684 /* Wrap the initializer in a CONSTRUCTOR so that build_vec_init
1685 recognizes it as direct-initialization. */
1689 }
1690 }
1691 else
1692 {
1693 /* Must arrange to initialize each element of EXP
1694 from elements of INIT. */
1703 && (!from_array
1705 /* Can happen, eg, handling the compound-literals
1706 extension (ext/complit12.C). */
1708 {
1713 }
1714 }
1718 from_array,
1719 complain);
1723 /* Restore the type of init unless it was used directly. */
1727 }
1738 /* Just know that we've seen something for this node. */
1752 }
1754 static void
1756 tsubst_flags_t complain)
1757 {
1760 /* It fails because there may not be a constructor which takes
1761 its own type as the first (or only parameter), but which does
1762 take other types via a conversion. So, if the thing initializing
1763 the expression is a unit element of type X, first try X(X&),
1764 followed by initialization by X. If neither of these work
1765 out, then look hard. */
1766 tree rval;
1769 /* If we have direct-initialization from an initializer list, pull
1770 it out of the TREE_LIST so the code below can see it. */
1773 {
1777 /* Only call reshape_init if it has not been called earlier
1778 by the callers. */
1781 }
1785 /* A brace-enclosed initializer for an aggregate. In C++0x this can
1786 happen for direct-initialization, too. */
1789 /* A CONSTRUCTOR of the target's type is a previously digested
1790 initializer, whether that happened just above or in
1791 cp_parser_late_parsing_nsdmi.
1793 A TARGET_EXPR with TARGET_EXPR_DIRECT_INIT_P or TARGET_EXPR_LIST_INIT_P
1794 set represents the whole initialization, so we shouldn't build up
1795 another ctor call. */
1802 {
1803 /* Early initialization via a TARGET_EXPR only works for
1804 complete objects. */
1811 }
1815 {
1816 /* Base subobjects should only get direct-initialization. */
1820 /* Do nothing. We hit this in two cases: Reference initialization,
1821 where we aren't initializing a real variable, so we don't want
1822 to run a new constructor; and catching an exception, where we
1823 have already built up the constructor call so we could wrap it
1825 else
1830 /* We need to protect the initialization of a catch parm with a
1831 call to terminate(), which shows up as a MUST_NOT_THROW_EXPR
1832 around the TARGET_EXPR for the copy constructor. See
1833 initialize_handler_parm. */
1834 {
1838 }
1839 else
1844 }
1849 {
1853 }
1854 else
1859 {
1860 /* Delegating constructor. */
1861 tree complete;
1862 tree base;
1865 /* Unshare the arguments for the second call. */
1868 {
1871 }
1874 complain);
1880 complain);
1883 }
1884 else
1885 {
1890 complain);
1891 }
1897 {
1900 {
1904 }
1905 }
1907 /* FIXME put back convert_to_void? */
1910 }
1912 /* This function is responsible for initializing EXP with INIT
1913 (if any).
1915 BINFO is the binfo of the type for who we are performing the
1916 initialization. For example, if W is a virtual base class of A and B,
1917 and C : A, B.
1918 If we are initializing B, then W must contain B's W vtable, whereas
1919 were we initializing C, W must contain C's W vtable.
1921 TRUE_EXP is nonzero if it is the true expression being initialized.
1922 In this case, it may be EXP, or may just contain EXP. The reason we
1923 need this is because if EXP is a base element of TRUE_EXP, we
1924 don't necessarily know by looking at EXP where its virtual
1925 baseclass fields should really be pointing. But we do know
1926 from TRUE_EXP. In constructors, we don't know anything about
1927 the value being initialized.
1929 FLAGS is just passed to `build_new_method_call'. See that function
1930 for its description. */
1932 static void
1934 tsubst_flags_t complain)
1935 {
1941 /* Use a function returning the desired type to initialize EXP for us.
1942 If the function is a constructor, and its first argument is
1943 NULL_TREE, know that it was meant for us--just slide exp on
1944 in and expand the constructor. Constructors now come
1945 as TARGET_EXPRs. */
1949 {
1951 /* If store_init_value returns NULL_TREE, the INIT has been
1952 recorded as the DECL_INITIAL for EXP. That means there's
1953 nothing more we have to do. */
1959 }
1961 /* List-initialization from {} becomes value-initialization for non-aggregate
1962 classes with default constructors. Handle this here when we're
1963 initializing a base, so protected access works. */
1965 {
1972 }
1974 /* If an explicit -- but empty -- initializer list was present,
1975 that's value-initialization. */
1977 {
1978 /* If the type has data but no user-provided ctor, we need to zero
1979 out the object. */
1982 {
1985 /* Don't clobber already initialized virtual bases. */
1988 field_size);
1991 }
1993 /* If we don't need to mess with the constructor at all,
1994 then we're done. */
1998 /* Otherwise fall through and call the constructor. */
2000 }
2002 /* We know that expand_default_init can handle everything we want
2003 at this point. */
2005 }
2007 /* Report an error if TYPE is not a user-defined, class type. If
2008 OR_ELSE is nonzero, give an error message. */
2010 int
2012 {
2017 {
2021 }
2023 }
2025 tree
2027 {
2033 else
2035 }
2037 /* Build a reference to a member of an aggregate. This is not a C++
2038 `&', but really something which can have its address taken, and
2039 then act as a pointer to member, for example TYPE :: FIELD can have
2040 its address taken by saying & TYPE :: FIELD. ADDRESS_P is true if
2041 this expression is the operand of "&".
2043 @@ Prints out lousy diagnostics for operator <typename>
2044 @@ fields.
2046 @@ This function should be rewritten and placed in search.c. */
2048 tree
2050 tsubst_flags_t complain)
2051 {
2052 tree decl;
2055 /* class templates can come in as TEMPLATE_DECLs here. */
2068 /* Callers should call mark_used before this point. */
2073 {
2077 }
2079 /* Entities other than non-static members need no further
2080 processing. */
2087 {
2091 }
2093 /* Set up BASEBINFO for member lookup. */
2096 /* A lot of this logic is now handled in lookup_member. */
2098 {
2099 /* Go from the TREE_BASELINK to the member function info. */
2103 {
2104 /* Get rid of a potential OVERLOAD around it. */
2107 /* Unique functions are handled easily. */
2109 /* For non-static member of base class, we need a special rule
2110 for access checking [class.protected]:
2112 If the access is to form a pointer to member, the
2113 nested-name-specifier shall name the derived class
2114 (or any class derived from that class). */
2119 complain);
2120 else
2122 complain);
2128 }
2129 else
2131 }
2133 {
2134 /* We need additional test besides the one in
2135 check_accessibility_of_qualified_id in case it is
2136 a pointer to non-static member. */
2138 complain))
2140 }
2143 {
2144 /* If MEMBER is non-static, then the program has fallen afoul of
2145 [expr.prim]:
2147 An id-expression that denotes a nonstatic data member or
2148 nonstatic member function of a class can only be used:
2150 -- as part of a class member access (_expr.ref_) in which the
2151 object-expression refers to the member's class or a class
2152 derived from that class, or
2154 -- to form a pointer to member (_expr.unary.op_), or
2156 -- in the body of a nonstatic member function of that class or
2157 of a class derived from that class (_class.mfct.nonstatic_), or
2159 -- in a mem-initializer for a constructor for that class or for
2160 a class derived from that class (_class.base.init_). */
2162 {
2163 /* Build a representation of the qualified name suitable
2164 for use as the operand to "&" -- even though the "&" is
2165 not actually present. */
2167 /* In Microsoft mode, treat a non-static member function as if
2168 it were a pointer-to-member. */
2170 {
2173 }
2178 }
2180 {
2184 }
2186 }
2191 }
2193 /* If DECL is a scalar enumeration constant or variable with a
2194 constant initializer, return the initializer (or, its initializers,
2195 recursively); otherwise, return DECL. If STRICT_P, the
2196 initializer is only returned if DECL is a
2197 constant-expression. If RETURN_AGGREGATE_CST_OK_P, it is ok to
2198 return an aggregate constant. */
2200 static tree
2202 {
2207 {
2208 tree init;
2209 /* If DECL is a static data member in a template
2210 specialization, we must instantiate it here. The
2211 initializer for the static data member is not processed
2212 until needed; we need it now. */
2216 {
2219 /* Treat the error as a constant to avoid cascading errors on
2220 excessively recursive template instantiation (c++/9335). */
2222 else
2224 }
2225 /* Initializers in templates are generally expanded during
2226 instantiation, so before that for const int i(2)
2227 INIT is a TREE_LIST with the actual initializer as
2228 TREE_VALUE. */
2230 && init
2234 /* Instantiate a non-dependent initializer for user variables. We
2235 mustn't do this for the temporary for an array compound literal;
2236 trying to instatiate the initializer will keep creating new
2237 temporaries until we crash. Probably it's not useful to do it for
2238 other artificial variables, either. */
2244 || (!return_aggregate_cst_ok_p
2245 /* Unless RETURN_AGGREGATE_CST_OK_P is true, do not
2246 return an aggregate constant (of which string
2247 literals are a special case), as we do not want
2248 to make inadvertent copies of such entities, and
2249 we must be sure that their addresses are the
2250 same everywhere. */
2254 /* Don't return a CONSTRUCTOR for a variable with partial run-time
2255 initialization, since it doesn't represent the entire value. */
2259 /* If the variable has a dynamic initializer, don't use its
2260 DECL_INITIAL which doesn't reflect the real value. */
2267 }
2269 }
2271 /* If DECL is a CONST_DECL, or a constant VAR_DECL initialized by constant
2272 of integral or enumeration type, or a constexpr variable of scalar type,
2273 then return that value. These are those variables permitted in constant
2274 expressions by [5.19/1]. */
2276 tree
2278 {
2281 }
2283 /* Like scalar_constant_value, but can also return aggregate initializers. */
2285 tree
2287 {
2290 }
2292 /* A more relaxed version of scalar_constant_value, used by the
2293 common C/C++ code. */
2295 tree
2297 {
2300 }
2301 \f
2302 /* Common subroutines of build_new and build_vec_delete. */
2303 \f
2304 /* Build and return a NEW_EXPR. If NELTS is non-NULL, TYPE[NELTS] is
2305 the type of the object being allocated; otherwise, it's just TYPE.
2306 INIT is the initializer, if any. USE_GLOBAL_NEW is true if the
2307 user explicitly wrote "::operator new". PLACEMENT, if non-NULL, is
2308 a vector of arguments to be provided as arguments to a placement
2309 new operator. This routine performs no semantic checks; it just
2310 creates and returns a NEW_EXPR. */
2312 static tree
2315 {
2316 tree init_list;
2317 tree new_expr;
2319 /* If INIT is NULL, the we want to store NULL_TREE in the NEW_EXPR.
2320 If INIT is not NULL, then we want to store VOID_ZERO_NODE. This
2321 permits us to distinguish the case of a missing initializer "new
2322 int" from an empty initializer "new int()". */
2327 else
2328 {
2333 }
2337 init_list);
2342 }
2344 /* Diagnose uninitialized const members or reference members of type
2345 TYPE. USING_NEW is used to disambiguate the diagnostic between a
2346 new expression without a new-initializer and a declaration. Returns
2347 the error count. */
2349 static int
2352 {
2353 tree field;
2360 {
2361 tree field_type;
2372 {
2375 {
2377 {
2381 else
2383 }
2384 else
2385 {
2390 else
2393 }
2396 }
2397 }
2400 {
2403 {
2405 {
2409 else
2411 }
2412 else
2413 {
2418 else
2421 }
2424 }
2425 }
2428 error_count
2431 }
2433 }
2435 int
2437 {
2439 }
2441 /* Call __cxa_bad_array_new_length to indicate that the size calculation
2442 overflowed. Pretend it returns sizetype so that it plays nicely in the
2443 COND_EXPR. */
2445 tree
2447 {
2449 {
2454 fn = push_throw_library_fn
2456 }
2459 }
2461 /* Attempt to find the initializer for flexible array field T in the
2462 initializer INIT, when non-null. Returns the initializer when
2463 successful and NULL otherwise. */
2464 static tree
2466 {
2473 /* Iterate over all top-level initializer elements. */
2475 /* If the member T is found, return it. */
2480 }
2482 /* Attempt to verify that the argument, OPER, of a placement new expression
2483 refers to an object sufficiently large for an object of TYPE or an array
2484 of NELTS of such objects when NELTS is non-null, and issue a warning when
2485 it does not. SIZE specifies the size needed to construct the object or
2486 array and captures the result of NELTS * sizeof (TYPE). (SIZE could be
2487 greater when the array under construction requires a cookie to store
2488 NELTS. GCC's placement new expression stores the cookie when invoking
2489 a user-defined placement new operator function but not the default one.
2490 Placement new expressions with user-defined placement new operator are
2491 not diagnosed since we don't know how they use the buffer (this could
2492 be a future extension). */
2493 static void
2495 {
2498 /* The number of bytes to add to or subtract from the size of the provided
2499 buffer based on an offset into an array or an array element reference.
2500 Although intermediate results may be negative (as in a[3] - 2) a valid
2501 final result cannot be. */
2503 /* True when the size of the entire destination object should be used
2504 to compute the possibly optimistic estimate of the available space. */
2506 /* True when the reference to the destination buffer is an ADDR_EXPR. */
2511 /* Using a function argument or a (non-array) variable as an argument
2512 to placement new is not checked since it's unknown what it might
2513 point to. */
2519 /* Evaluate any constant expressions. */
2522 /* Handle the common case of array + offset expression when the offset
2523 is a constant. */
2525 {
2526 /* If the offset is compile-time constant, use it to compute a more
2527 accurate estimate of the size of the buffer. Since the operand
2528 of POINTER_PLUS_EXPR is represented as an unsigned type, convert
2529 it to signed first.
2530 Otherwise, use the size of the entire array as an optimistic
2531 estimate (this may lead to false negatives). */
2535 else
2541 }
2546 {
2549 }
2555 {
2556 /* Similar to the offset computed above, see if the array index
2557 is a compile-time constant. If so, and unless the offset was
2558 not a compile-time constant, use the index to determine the
2559 size of the buffer. Otherwise, use the entire array as
2560 an optimistic estimate of the size. */
2564 else
2565 {
2568 }
2571 }
2573 /* Refers to the declared object that constains the subobject referenced
2574 by OPER. When the object is initialized, makes it possible to determine
2575 the actual size of a flexible array member used as the buffer passed
2576 as OPER to placement new. */
2578 /* True when operand is a COMPONENT_REF, to distinguish flexible array
2579 members from arrays of unspecified size. */
2582 /* For COMPONENT_REF (i.e., a struct member) the size of the entire
2583 enclosing struct. Used to validate the adjustment (offset) into
2584 an array at the end of a struct. */
2587 /* Descend into a struct or union to find the member whose address
2588 is being used as the argument. */
2590 {
2599 }
2606 {
2607 /* A possibly optimistic estimate of the number of bytes available
2608 in the destination buffer. */
2610 /* True when the estimate above is in fact the exact size
2611 of the destination buffer rather than an estimate. */
2614 /* Treat members of unions and members of structs uniformly, even
2615 though the size of a member of a union may be viewed as extending
2616 to the end of the union itself (it is by __builtin_object_size). */
2620 {
2621 /* Use the size of the entire array object when the expression
2622 refers to a variable or its size depends on an expression
2623 that's not a compile-time constant. */
2626 }
2628 {
2629 /* Use the size of the type of the destination buffer object
2630 as the optimistic estimate of the available space in it.
2631 Use the maximum possible size for zero-size arrays and
2632 flexible array members (except of initialized objects
2633 thereof). */
2636 }
2639 {
2641 {
2642 /* Constructing into a buffer provided by the flexible array
2643 member of a declared object (which is permitted as a G++
2644 extension). If the array member has been initialized,
2645 determine its size from the initializer. Otherwise,
2646 the array size is zero. */
2650 }
2651 else
2654 }
2659 {
2664 && !var_decl
2667 }
2669 /* Reduce the size of the buffer by the adjustment computed above
2670 from the offset and/or the index into the array. */
2673 else
2674 {
2678 {
2682 }
2683 }
2685 /* The minimum amount of space needed for the allocation. This
2686 is an optimistic estimate that makes it possible to detect
2687 placement new invocation for some undersize buffers but not
2688 others. */
2689 offset_int bytes_need;
2698 else
2699 {
2700 /* The type is a VLA. */
2702 }
2705 {
2709 exact_size ?
2710 "placement new constructing an object of type "
2711 "%<%T [%wu]%> and size %qwu in a region of type %qT "
2712 "and size %qwi"
2714 "%<%T [%wu]%> and size %qwu in a region of type %qT "
2718 else
2720 exact_size ?
2721 "placement new constructing an array of objects "
2722 "of type %qT and size %qwu in a region of type %qT "
2723 "and size %qwi"
2725 "of type %qT and size %qwu in a region of type %qT "
2729 else
2731 exact_size ?
2732 "placement new constructing an object of type %qT "
2733 "and size %qwu in a region of type %qT and size %qwi"
2735 "and size %qwu in a region of type %qT and size "
2739 }
2740 }
2741 }
2743 /* True if alignof(T) > __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__. */
2745 bool
2747 {
2750 }
2752 /* Return the alignment we expect malloc to guarantee. This should just be
2753 MALLOC_ABI_ALIGNMENT, but that macro defaults to only BITS_PER_WORD for some
2754 reason, so don't let the threshold be smaller than max_align_t_align. */
2756 unsigned
2758 {
2760 }
2762 /* Determine whether an allocation function is a namespace-scope
2763 non-replaceable placement new function. See DR 1748.
2764 TODO: Enable in all standard modes. */
2765 static bool
2767 {
2769 {
2774 }
2776 }
2778 /* Generate code for a new-expression, including calling the "operator
2779 new" function, initializing the object, and, if an exception occurs
2780 during construction, cleaning up. The arguments are as for
2781 build_raw_new_expr. This may change PLACEMENT and INIT.
2782 TYPE is the type of the object being constructed, possibly an array
2783 of NELTS elements when NELTS is non-null (in "new T[NELTS]", T may
2784 be an array of the form U[inner], with the whole expression being
2785 "new U[NELTS][inner]"). */
2787 static tree
2790 tsubst_flags_t complain)
2791 {
2793 /* True iff this is a call to "operator new[]" instead of just
2794 "operator new". */
2796 /* If ARRAY_P is true, the element type of the array. This is never
2797 an ARRAY_TYPE; for something like "new int[3][4]", the
2798 ELT_TYPE is "int". If ARRAY_P is false, this is the same type as
2799 TYPE. */
2800 tree elt_type;
2801 /* The type of the new-expression. (This type is always a pointer
2802 type.) */
2803 tree pointer_type;
2804 tree non_const_pointer_type;
2805 /* The most significant array bound in int[OUTER_NELTS][inner]. */
2807 /* For arrays with a non-constant number of elements, a bounds checks
2808 on the NELTS parameter to avoid integer overflow at runtime. */
2811 /* Number of the "inner" elements in "new T[OUTER_NELTS][inner]". */
2814 /* Size of the inner array elements (those with constant dimensions). */
2815 offset_int inner_size;
2816 /* The address returned by the call to "operator new". This node is
2817 a VAR_DECL and is therefore reusable. */
2818 tree alloc_node;
2819 tree alloc_fn;
2822 /* If non-NULL, the number of extra bytes to allocate at the
2823 beginning of the storage allocated for an array-new expression in
2824 order to store the number of elements. */
2826 tree placement_first;
2828 /* True if the function we are calling is a placement allocation
2829 function. */
2831 /* True if the storage must be initialized, either by a constructor
2832 or due to an explicit new-initializer. */
2834 /* The address of the thing allocated, not including any cookie. In
2835 particular, if an array cookie is in use, DATA_ADDR is the
2836 address of the first array element. This node is a VAR_DECL, and
2837 is therefore reusable. */
2838 tree data_addr;
2843 {
2846 }
2848 {
2849 /* Transforms new (T[N]) to new T[N]. The former is a GNU
2850 extension for variable N. (This also covers new T where T is
2851 a VLA typedef.) */
2857 }
2859 /* Lots of logic below. depends on whether we have a constant number of
2860 elements, so go ahead and fold it now. */
2864 /* If our base type is an array, then make sure we know how many elements
2865 it has. */
2869 {
2873 {
2878 {
2882 }
2884 }
2885 else
2886 {
2888 {
2892 }
2894 }
2898 inner_nelts_cst,
2899 complain);
2900 }
2903 {
2906 }
2911 /* Warn if we performed the (T[N]) to T[N] transformation and N is
2912 variable. */
2915 {
2917 {
2924 }
2925 else
2927 }
2930 {
2934 }
2942 {
2944 /* A program that calls for default-initialization [...] of an
2945 entity of reference type is ill-formed. */
2949 /* A new-expression that creates an object of type T initializes
2950 that object as follows:
2951 - If the new-initializer is omitted:
2952 -- If T is a (possibly cv-qualified) non-POD class type
2953 (or array thereof), the object is default-initialized (8.5).
2954 [...]
2955 -- Otherwise, the object created has indeterminate
2956 value. If T is a const-qualified type, or a (possibly
2957 cv-qualified) POD class type (or array thereof)
2958 containing (directly or indirectly) a member of
2959 const-qualified type, the program is ill-formed; */
2969 }
2973 {
2977 }
2981 {
2982 /* Maximum available size in bytes. Half of the address space
2983 minus the cookie size. */
2984 offset_int max_size
2986 /* Maximum number of outer elements which can be allocated. */
2987 offset_int max_outer_nelts;
2988 tree max_outer_nelts_tree;
2994 /* Unconditionally subtract the cookie size. This decreases the
2995 maximum object size and is safe even if we choose not to use
2996 a cookie after all. */
3002 {
3006 }
3014 {
3016 {
3017 /* When the array size is constant, check it at compile time
3018 to make sure it doesn't exceed the implementation-defined
3019 maximum, as required by C++ 14 (in C++ 11 this requirement
3020 isn't explicitly stated but it's enforced anyway -- see
3021 grokdeclarator in cp/decl.c). */
3025 }
3026 }
3027 else
3028 {
3029 /* When a runtime check is necessary because the array size
3030 isn't constant, keep only the top-most seven bits (starting
3031 with the most significant non-zero bit) of the maximum size
3032 to compare the array size against, to simplify encoding the
3033 constant maximum size in the instruction stream. */
3040 outer_nelts,
3041 max_outer_nelts_tree);
3042 }
3043 }
3051 /* If PLACEMENT is a single simple pointer type not passed by
3052 reference, prepare to capture it in a temporary variable. Do
3053 this now, since PLACEMENT will change in the calls below. */
3061 /* Allocate the object. */
3062 tree fnname;
3063 tree fns;
3067 member_new_p = !globally_qualified_p
3069 && (array_p
3074 {
3075 /* Use a class-specific operator new. */
3076 /* If a cookie is required, add some extra space. */
3079 else
3080 {
3082 /* No size arithmetic necessary, so the size check is
3083 not needed. */
3086 }
3087 /* Perform the overflow check. */
3094 /* Create the argument list. */
3096 /* Do name-lookup to find the appropriate operator. */
3099 {
3103 }
3105 {
3107 {
3110 }
3112 }
3116 {
3119 alloc_call
3123 /* If no matching function is found and the allocated object type
3124 has new-extended alignment, the alignment argument is removed
3125 from the argument list, and overload resolution is performed
3126 again. */
3129 }
3133 LOOKUP_NORMAL,
3135 }
3136 else
3137 {
3138 /* Use a global operator new. */
3139 /* See if a cookie might be required. */
3141 {
3143 /* No size arithmetic necessary, so the size check is
3144 not needed. */
3147 }
3153 }
3160 /* Now, check to see if this function is actually a placement
3161 allocation function. This can happen even when PLACEMENT is NULL
3162 because we might have something like:
3164 struct S { void* operator new (size_t, int i = 0); };
3166 A call to `new S' will get this allocation function, even though
3167 there is no explicit placement argument. If there is more than
3168 one argument, or there are variable arguments, then this is a
3169 placement allocation function. */
3170 placement_allocation_fn_p
3175 && !placement_allocation_fn_p
3180 {
3183 {
3189 }
3190 }
3192 /* If we found a simple case of PLACEMENT_EXPR above, then copy it
3193 into a temporary variable. */
3199 {
3205 {
3209 }
3213 {
3214 /* Attempt to make the warning point at the operator new argument. */
3219 }
3220 }
3222 /* In the simple case, we can stop now. */
3227 /* Store the result of the allocation call in a variable so that we can
3228 use it more than once. */
3232 /* Strip any COMPOUND_EXPRs from ALLOC_CALL. */
3236 /* Preevaluate the placement args so that we don't reevaluate them for a
3237 placement delete. */
3239 {
3240 tree inits;
3244 alloc_expr);
3245 }
3247 /* unless an allocation function is declared with an empty excep-
3248 tion-specification (_except.spec_), throw(), it indicates failure to
3249 allocate storage by throwing a bad_alloc exception (clause _except_,
3250 _lib.bad.alloc_); it returns a non-null pointer otherwise If the allo-
3251 cation function is declared with an empty exception-specification,
3252 throw(), it returns null to indicate failure to allocate storage and a
3253 non-null pointer otherwise.
3255 So check for a null exception spec on the op new we just called. */
3258 check_new
3262 {
3263 tree cookie;
3264 tree cookie_ptr;
3265 tree size_ptr_type;
3267 /* Adjust so we're pointing to the start of the object. */
3270 /* Store the number of bytes allocated so that we can know how
3271 many elements to destroy later. We use the last sizeof
3272 (size_t) bytes to store the number of elements. */
3283 {
3284 /* Also store the element size. */
3295 }
3296 }
3297 else
3298 {
3301 }
3303 /* Now use a pointer to the type we've actually allocated. */
3305 /* But we want to operate on a non-const version to start with,
3306 since we'll be modifying the elements. */
3307 non_const_pointer_type = build_pointer_type
3311 /* Any further uses of alloc_node will want this type, too. */
3314 /* Now initialize the allocated object. Note that we preevaluate the
3315 initialization expression, apart from the actual constructor call or
3316 assignment--we do this because we want to delay the allocation as long
3317 as possible in order to minimize the size of the exception region for
3318 placement delete. */
3320 {
3325 {
3328 }
3331 {
3332 /* build_value_init doesn't work in templates, and we don't need
3333 the initializer anyway since we're going to throw it away and
3334 rebuild it at instantiation time, so just build up a single
3335 constructor call to get any appropriate diagnostics. */
3339 complete_ctor_identifier,
3341 LOOKUP_NORMAL,
3342 complain);
3344 }
3346 {
3350 {
3354 else
3355 {
3359 complain);
3360 else
3361 /* We'll check the length at runtime. */
3365 }
3366 }
3368 {
3372 }
3373 init_expr
3377 integer_one_node,
3378 complain),
3379 vecinit,
3380 explicit_value_init_p,
3382 complain);
3384 /* An array initialization is stable because the initialization
3385 of each element is a full-expression, so the temporaries don't
3386 leak out. */
3388 }
3389 else
3390 {
3394 {
3396 complete_ctor_identifier,
3398 LOOKUP_NORMAL,
3399 complain);
3400 }
3402 {
3403 /* Something like `new int()'. NO_CLEANUP is needed so
3404 we don't try and build a (possibly ill-formed)
3405 destructor. */
3410 }
3411 else
3412 {
3413 tree ie;
3415 /* We are processing something like `new int (10)', which
3416 means allocate an int, and initialize it with 10. */
3419 complain);
3422 }
3423 /* If the initializer uses C++14 aggregate NSDMI that refer to the
3424 object being initialized, replace them now and don't try to
3425 preevaluate. */
3433 stable = (!had_placeholder
3435 }
3440 /* If any part of the object initialization terminates by throwing an
3441 exception and a suitable deallocation function can be found, the
3442 deallocation function is called to free the memory in which the
3443 object was being constructed, after which the exception continues
3444 to propagate in the context of the new-expression. If no
3445 unambiguous matching deallocation function can be found,
3446 propagating the exception does not cause the object's memory to be
3447 freed. */
3449 {
3451 tree cleanup;
3453 /* The Standard is unclear here, but the right thing to do
3454 is to use the same method for finding deallocation
3455 functions that we use for finding allocation functions. */
3456 cleanup = (build_op_delete_call
3458 alloc_node,
3459 size,
3460 globally_qualified_p,
3462 alloc_fn,
3463 complain));
3468 /* This is much simpler if we were able to preevaluate all of
3469 the arguments to the constructor call. */
3470 {
3471 /* CLEANUP is compiler-generated, so no diagnostics. */
3475 /* Likewise, this try-catch is compiler-generated. */
3477 }
3478 else
3479 /* Ack! First we allocate the memory. Then we set our sentry
3480 variable to true, and expand a cleanup that deletes the
3481 memory if sentry is true. Then we run the constructor, and
3482 finally clear the sentry.
3484 We need to do this because we allocate the space first, so
3485 if there are any temporaries with cleanups in the
3486 constructor args and we weren't able to preevaluate them, we
3487 need this EH region to extend until end of full-expression
3488 to preserve nesting. */
3489 {
3497 /* CLEANUP is compiler-generated, so no diagnostics. */
3507 init_expr
3510 end));
3511 /* Likewise, this is compiler-generated. */
3513 }
3514 }
3515 }
3516 else
3519 /* Now build up the return value in reverse order. */
3529 /* If we don't have an initializer or a cookie, strip the TARGET_EXPR
3530 and return the call (which doesn't need to be adjusted). */
3532 else
3533 {
3535 {
3538 nullptr_node,
3539 complain);
3542 }
3544 /* Perform the allocation before anything else, so that ALLOC_NODE
3545 has been initialized before we start using it. */
3547 }
3552 /* A new-expression is never an lvalue. */
3556 }
3558 /* Generate a representation for a C++ "new" expression. *PLACEMENT
3559 is a vector of placement-new arguments (or NULL if none). If NELTS
3560 is NULL, TYPE is the type of the storage to be allocated. If NELTS
3561 is not NULL, then this is an array-new allocation; TYPE is the type
3562 of the elements in the array and NELTS is the number of elements in
3563 the array. *INIT, if non-NULL, is the initializer for the new
3564 object, or an empty vector to indicate an initializer of "()". If
3565 USE_GLOBAL_NEW is true, then the user explicitly wrote "::new"
3566 rather than just "new". This may change PLACEMENT and INIT. */
3568 tree
3571 {
3572 tree rval;
3581 /* Don't do auto deduction where it might affect mangling. */
3583 {
3586 {
3589 {
3592 }
3594 }
3595 }
3598 {
3605 use_global_new);
3610 {
3612 /* Also copy any CONSTRUCTORs in *init, since reshape_init and
3613 digest_init clobber them in place. */
3615 {
3619 }
3620 }
3626 }
3629 {
3631 {
3634 else
3636 }
3638 /* Try to determine the constant value only for the purposes
3639 of the diagnostic below but continue to use the original
3640 value and handle const folding later. */
3643 /* The expression in a noptr-new-declarator is erroneous if it's of
3644 non-class type and its value before converting to std::size_t is
3645 less than zero. ... If the expression is a constant expression,
3646 the program is ill-fomed. */
3649 {
3653 }
3657 }
3659 /* ``A reference cannot be created by the new operator. A reference
3660 is not an object (8.2.2, 8.4.3), so a pointer to it could not be
3661 returned by new.'' ARM 5.3.3 */
3663 {
3666 else
3669 }
3672 {
3676 }
3678 /* The type allocated must be complete. If the new-type-id was
3679 "T[N]" then we are just checking that "T" is complete here, but
3680 that is equivalent, since the value of "N" doesn't matter. */
3689 {
3695 }
3697 /* Wrap it in a NOP_EXPR so warn_if_unused_value doesn't complain. */
3702 }
3703 \f
3704 static tree
3706 special_function_kind auto_delete_vec,
3708 {
3709 tree virtual_size;
3711 tree size_exp;
3713 /* Temporary variables used by the loop. */
3716 /* This is the body of the loop that implements the deletion of a
3717 single element, and moves temp variables to next elements. */
3718 tree body;
3720 /* This is the LOOP_EXPR that governs the deletion of the elements. */
3723 /* This is the thing that governs what to do after the loop has run. */
3726 /* This is the BIND_EXPR which holds the outermost iterator of the
3727 loop. It is convenient to set this variable up and test it before
3728 executing any other code in the loop.
3729 This is also the containing expression returned by this function. */
3731 tree tmp;
3733 /* We should only have 1-D arrays here. */
3740 {
3743 "possible problem detected in invocation of "
3745 {
3748 "class-specific operator delete [] will be called, "
3750 }
3751 /* This size won't actually be used. */
3754 }
3761 {
3762 /* Make sure the destructor is callable. */
3764 {
3767 complain);
3770 }
3772 }
3774 /* The below is short by the cookie size. */
3779 tbase_init
3783 base),
3784 virtual_size),
3785 complain);
3803 complain);
3811 no_destructor:
3812 /* Delete the storage if appropriate. */
3814 {
3815 tree base_tbd;
3817 /* The below is short by the cookie size. */
3822 /* no header */
3824 else
3825 {
3826 tree cookie_size;
3830 MINUS_EXPR,
3833 cookie_size,
3834 complain);
3838 /* True size with header. */
3840 }
3847 complain);
3848 }
3852 ;
3855 else
3856 /* The delete operator mist be called, even if a destructor
3857 throws. */
3863 /* Outermost wrapper: If pointer is null, punt. */
3866 /* This is a compiler generated comparison, don't emit
3867 e.g. -Wnonnull-compare warning for it. */
3875 {
3878 }
3881 /* Pre-evaluate the SAVE_EXPR outside of the BIND_EXPR. */
3885 }
3887 /* Create an unnamed variable of the indicated TYPE. */
3889 tree
3891 {
3892 tree decl;
3902 }
3904 /* Create a new temporary variable of the indicated TYPE, initialized
3905 to INIT.
3907 It is not entered into current_binding_level, because that breaks
3908 things when it comes time to do final cleanups (which take place
3909 "outside" the binding contour of the function). */
3911 tree
3913 {
3914 tree decl;
3923 }
3925 /* Subroutine of build_vec_init. Returns true if assigning to an array of
3926 INNER_ELT_TYPE from INIT is trivial. */
3928 static bool
3930 {
3935 }
3937 /* Subroutine of build_vec_init: Check that the array has at least N
3938 elements. Other parameters are local variables in build_vec_init. */
3940 void
3942 {
3945 {
3947 {
3949 nelts);
3953 }
3954 /* Don't check an array new when -fno-exceptions. */
3955 }
3958 {
3959 /* Make sure the last element of the initializer is in bounds. */
3960 finish_expr_stmt
3961 (ubsan_instrument_bounds
3963 }
3964 }
3966 /* `build_vec_init' returns tree structure that performs
3967 initialization of a vector of aggregate types.
3969 BASE is a reference to the vector, of ARRAY_TYPE, or a pointer
3970 to the first element, of POINTER_TYPE.
3971 MAXINDEX is the maximum index of the array (one less than the
3972 number of elements). It is only used if BASE is a pointer or
3973 TYPE_DOMAIN (TREE_TYPE (BASE)) == NULL_TREE.
3975 INIT is the (possibly NULL) initializer.
3977 If EXPLICIT_VALUE_INIT_P is true, then INIT must be NULL. All
3978 elements in the array are value-initialized.
3980 FROM_ARRAY is 0 if we should init everything with INIT
3981 (i.e., every element initialized from INIT).
3982 FROM_ARRAY is 1 if we should index into INIT in parallel
3983 with initialization of DECL.
3984 FROM_ARRAY is 2 if we should index into INIT in parallel,
3985 but use assignment instead of initialization. */
3987 tree
3991 {
3992 tree rval;
3995 tree iterator;
3996 /* The type of BASE. */
3998 /* The type of an element in the array. */
4000 /* The element type reached after removing all outer array
4001 types. */
4002 tree inner_elt_type;
4003 /* The type of a pointer to an element in the array. */
4004 tree ptype;
4005 tree stmt_expr;
4006 tree compound_stmt;
4029 /* Look through the TARGET_EXPR around a compound literal. */
4038 {
4041 {
4044 }
4045 }
4047 /* If we have a braced-init-list or string constant, make sure that the array
4048 is big enough for all the initializers. */
4063 || (same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p
4065 /* Don't do this if the CONSTRUCTOR might contain something
4066 that might throw and require us to clean up. */
4070 {
4071 /* Do non-default initialization of trivial arrays resulting from
4072 brace-enclosed initializers. In this case, digest_init and
4073 store_constructor will handle the semantics for us. */
4079 }
4085 {
4091 }
4092 else
4095 /* The code we are generating looks like:
4096 ({
4097 T* t1 = (T*) base;
4098 T* rval = t1;
4099 ptrdiff_t iterator = maxindex;
4100 try {
4101 for (; iterator != -1; --iterator) {
4102 ... initialize *t1 ...
4103 ++t1;
4104 }
4105 } catch (...) {
4106 ... destroy elements that were constructed ...
4107 }
4108 rval;
4109 })
4111 We can omit the try and catch blocks if we know that the
4112 initialization will never throw an exception, or if the array
4113 elements do not have destructors. We can omit the loop completely if
4114 the elements of the array do not have constructors.
4116 We actually wrap the entire body of the above in a STMT_EXPR, for
4117 tidiness.
4119 When copying from array to another, when the array elements have
4120 only trivial copy constructors, we should use __builtin_memcpy
4121 rather than generating a loop. That way, we could take advantage
4122 of whatever cleverness the back end has for dealing with copies
4123 of blocks of memory. */
4132 /* If initializing one array from another, initialize element by
4133 element. We rely upon the below calls to do the argument
4134 checking. Evaluate the initializer before entering the try block. */
4136 {
4145 }
4147 /* Protect the entire array initialization so that we can destroy
4148 the partially constructed array if an exception is thrown.
4149 But don't do this if we're assigning. */
4152 {
4154 }
4156 /* Should we try to create a constant initializer? */
4160 : (type_has_constexpr_default_constructor
4166 /* If we're initializing a static array, we want to do static
4167 initialization of any elements with constant initializers even if
4168 some are non-constant. */
4174 /* Skip over the handling of non-empty init lists. */
4177 /* Maybe pull out constant value when from_array? */
4180 {
4181 /* Do non-default initialization of non-trivial arrays resulting from
4182 brace-enclosed initializers. */
4185 /* If the constructor already has the array type, it's been through
4186 digest_init, so we shouldn't try to do anything more. */
4197 {
4199 tree one_init;
4201 num_initialized_elts++;
4208 else
4214 {
4217 {
4221 else
4223 }
4224 else
4225 {
4227 {
4232 }
4234 }
4235 }
4242 complain);
4245 else
4249 complain);
4252 else
4254 }
4256 /* Any elements without explicit initializers get T{}. */
4258 }
4260 {
4261 /* Check that the array is at least as long as the string. */
4268 /* Copy the string to the first part of the array. */
4274 /* Adjust the counter and pointer. */
4283 /* And set the rest of the array to NUL. */
4286 }
4288 {
4293 {
4297 }
4298 }
4300 /* Now, default-initialize any remaining elements. We don't need to
4301 do that if a) the type does not need constructing, or b) we've
4302 already initialized all the elements.
4304 We do need to keep going if we're copying an array. */
4307 /* With a constexpr default constructor, which we checked for when
4308 setting try_const above, default-initialization is equivalent to
4309 value-initialization, and build_value_init gives us something more
4310 friendly to maybe_constant_init. */
4315 && (num_initialized_elts
4317 {
4318 /* If the ITERATOR is lesser or equal to -1, then we don't have to loop;
4319 we've already initialized all the elements. */
4320 tree for_stmt;
4321 tree elt_init;
4322 tree to;
4330 complain);
4337 /* If the initializer is {}, then all elements are initialized from T{}.
4338 But for non-classes, that's the same as value-initialization. */
4340 {
4342 {
4344 }
4345 else
4346 {
4349 }
4350 }
4353 {
4354 tree from;
4357 {
4363 }
4364 else
4377 complain);
4378 else
4380 }
4382 {
4384 {
4389 }
4390 else
4393 explicit_value_init_p,
4395 }
4397 {
4401 }
4402 else
4403 {
4407 else
4408 {
4411 complain);
4413 ? error_mark_node
4415 }
4416 }
4422 {
4423 /* FIXME refs to earlier elts */
4426 {
4428 /* Don't fill the CONSTRUCTOR with zeros. */
4432 }
4433 else
4434 {
4438 else
4440 }
4443 {
4446 {
4449 }
4450 }
4451 }
4459 complain));
4462 complain));
4465 }
4467 /* Make sure to cleanup any partially constructed elements. */
4470 {
4471 tree e;
4474 complain);
4476 /* Flatten multi-dimensional array since build_vec_delete only
4477 expects one-dimensional array. */
4481 /* Avoid mixing signed and unsigned. */
4484 complain);
4493 }
4495 /* The value of the array initialization is the array itself, RVAL
4496 is a pointer to the first element. */
4507 {
4509 {
4512 }
4515 else
4517 }
4519 /* Now make the result have the correct type. */
4521 {
4526 }
4529 }
4531 /* Call the DTOR_KIND destructor for EXP. FLAGS are as for
4532 build_delete. */
4534 static tree
4536 tsubst_flags_t complain)
4537 {
4538 tree name;
4540 {
4555 }
4560 flags,
4561 complain);
4562 }
4564 /* Generate a call to a destructor. TYPE is the type to cast ADDR to.
4565 ADDR is an expression which yields the store to be destroyed.
4566 AUTO_DELETE is the name of the destructor to call, i.e., either
4567 sfk_complete_destructor, sfk_base_destructor, or
4568 sfk_deleting_destructor.
4570 FLAGS is the logical disjunction of zero or more LOOKUP_
4571 flags. See cp-tree.h for more info. */
4573 tree
4576 {
4577 tree expr;
4584 /* Can happen when CURRENT_EXCEPTION_OBJECT gets its type
4585 set to `error_mark_node' before it gets properly cleaned up. */
4593 {
4595 {
4599 }
4602 }
4608 {
4611 /* We don't want to warn about delete of void*, only other
4612 incomplete types. Deleting other incomplete types
4613 invokes undefined behavior, but it is not ill-formed, so
4614 compile to something that would even do The Right Thing
4615 (TM) should the type have a trivial dtor and no delete
4616 operator. */
4618 {
4621 {
4624 "possible problem detected in invocation of "
4626 {
4629 "neither the destructor nor the class-specific "
4630 "operator delete will be called, even if they are "
4632 }
4633 }
4637 {
4640 {
4643 "deleting object of abstract class type %qT"
4644 " which has non-virtual destructor"
4646 else
4648 "deleting object of polymorphic class type %qT"
4649 " which has non-virtual destructor"
4651 }
4652 }
4653 }
4655 /* Throw away const and volatile on target type of addr. */
4657 }
4658 else
4659 {
4660 /* Don't check PROTECT here; leave that decision to the
4661 destructor. If the destructor is accessible, call it,
4662 else report error. */
4668 }
4671 /* We will use ADDR multiple times so we must save it. */
4676 {
4680 }
4686 {
4687 /* Leave do_delete null. */
4688 }
4689 /* For `::delete x', we must not use the deleting destructor
4690 since then we would not be sure to get the global `operator
4691 delete'. */
4693 {
4695 /* Delete the object. */
4697 head,
4702 complain);
4703 /* Otherwise, treat this like a complete object destructor
4704 call. */
4706 }
4707 /* If the destructor is non-virtual, there is no deleting
4708 variant. Instead, we must explicitly call the appropriate
4709 `operator delete' here. */
4711 {
4712 /* Build the call. */
4714 addr,
4719 complain);
4720 /* Call the complete object destructor. */
4722 }
4724 {
4725 /* Make sure we have access to the member op delete, even though
4726 we'll actually be calling it from the destructor. */
4731 complain);
4732 }
4737 else
4748 /* The delete operator must be called, regardless of whether
4749 the destructor throws.
4751 [expr.delete]/7 The deallocation function is called
4752 regardless of whether the destructor for the object or some
4753 element of the array throws an exception. */
4756 /* We need to calculate this before the dtor changes the vptr. */
4760 /* Handle deleting a null pointer. */
4768 /* This is a compiler generated comparison, don't emit
4769 e.g. -Wnonnull-compare warning for it. */
4777 }
4779 /* At the beginning of a destructor, push cleanups that will call the
4780 destructors for our base classes and members.
4782 Called from begin_destructor_body. */
4784 void
4786 {
4789 tree member;
4790 tree expr;
4793 /* Run destructors for all virtual baseclasses. */
4796 {
4797 tree cond = (condition_conversion
4799 current_in_charge_parm,
4800 integer_two_node)));
4802 /* The CLASSTYPE_VBASECLASSES vector is in initialization
4803 order, which is also the right order for pushing cleanups. */
4806 {
4808 {
4810 base_dtor_identifier,
4811 NULL,
4812 base_binfo,
4813 (LOOKUP_NORMAL
4815 tf_warning_or_error);
4817 {
4821 }
4822 }
4823 }
4824 }
4826 /* Take care of the remaining baseclasses. */
4829 {
4835 base_dtor_identifier,
4838 tf_warning_or_error);
4841 }
4843 /* Don't automatically destroy union members. */
4849 {
4858 {
4859 tree this_member = (build_class_member_access_expr
4863 tf_warning_or_error));
4865 sfk_complete_destructor,
4870 }
4871 }
4872 }
4874 /* Build a C++ vector delete expression.
4875 MAXINDEX is the number of elements to be deleted.
4876 ELT_SIZE is the nominal size of each element in the vector.
4877 BASE is the expression that should yield the store to be deleted.
4878 This function expands (or synthesizes) these calls itself.
4879 AUTO_DELETE_VEC says whether the container (vector) should be deallocated.
4881 This also calls delete for virtual baseclasses of elements of the vector.
4883 Update: MAXINDEX is no longer needed. The size can be extracted from the
4884 start of the vector for pointers, and from the type for arrays. We still
4885 use MAXINDEX for arrays because it happens to already have one of the
4886 values we'd have to extract. (We could use MAXINDEX with pointers to
4887 confirm the size, and trap if the numbers differ; not clear that it'd
4888 be worth bothering.) */
4890 tree
4892 special_function_kind auto_delete_vec,
4894 {
4895 tree type;
4896 tree rval;
4902 {
4903 /* Step back one from start of vector, and read dimension. */
4904 tree cookie_addr;
4909 {
4912 }
4917 cookie_addr);
4919 }
4921 {
4922 /* Get the total number of things in the array, maxindex is a
4923 bad name. */
4930 {
4933 }
4934 }
4935 else
4936 {
4940 }
4948 }