* config/rs6000/40x.md (ppc403-compare): Remove "compare".

[official-gcc.git] / boehm-gc / os_dep.c

/*
 * Copyright 1988, 1989 Hans-J. Boehm, Alan J. Demers
 * Copyright (c) 1991-1995 by Xerox Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 1996-1999 by Silicon Graphics.  All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 1999 by Hewlett-Packard Company.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * THIS MATERIAL IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED
 * OR IMPLIED.  ANY USE IS AT YOUR OWN RISK.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted to use or copy this program
 * for any purpose,  provided the above notices are retained on all copies.
 * Permission to modify the code and to distribute modified code is granted,
 * provided the above notices are retained, and a notice that the code was
 * modified is included with the above copyright notice.
 */

# include "private/gc_priv.h"

# if defined(LINUX) && !defined(POWERPC)
#   include <linux/version.h>
#   if (LINUX_VERSION_CODE <= 0x10400)
      /* Ugly hack to get struct sigcontext_struct definition.  Required      */
      /* for some early 1.3.X releases.  Will hopefully go away soon. */
      /* in some later Linux releases, asm/sigcontext.h may have to   */
      /* be included instead.                                         */
#     define __KERNEL__
#     include <asm/signal.h>
#     undef __KERNEL__
#   else
      /* Kernels prior to 2.1.1 defined struct sigcontext_struct instead of */
      /* struct sigcontext.  libc6 (glibc2) uses "struct sigcontext" in     */
      /* prototypes, so we have to include the top-level sigcontext.h to    */
      /* make sure the former gets defined to be the latter if appropriate. */
#     include <features.h>
#     if 2 <= __GLIBC__
#       if 2 == __GLIBC__ && 0 == __GLIBC_MINOR__
          /* glibc 2.1 no longer has sigcontext.h.  But signal.h        */
          /* has the right declaration for glibc 2.1.                   */
#         include <sigcontext.h>
#       endif /* 0 == __GLIBC_MINOR__ */
#     else /* not 2 <= __GLIBC__ */
        /* libc5 doesn't have <sigcontext.h>: go directly with the kernel   */
        /* one.  Check LINUX_VERSION_CODE to see which we should reference. */
#       include <asm/sigcontext.h>
#     endif /* 2 <= __GLIBC__ */
#   endif
# endif
# if !defined(OS2) && !defined(PCR) && !defined(AMIGA) && !defined(MACOS) \
    && !defined(MSWINCE)
#   include <sys/types.h>
#   if !defined(MSWIN32) && !defined(SUNOS4)
#       include <unistd.h>
#   endif
# endif

# include <stdio.h>
# if defined(MSWINCE)
#   define SIGSEGV 0 /* value is irrelevant */
# else
#   include <signal.h>
# endif

#if defined(LINUX) || defined(LINUX_STACKBOTTOM)
# include <ctype.h>
#endif

/* Blatantly OS dependent routines, except for those that are related   */
/* to dynamic loading.                                                  */

# if defined(HEURISTIC2) || defined(SEARCH_FOR_DATA_START)
#   define NEED_FIND_LIMIT
# endif

# if !defined(STACKBOTTOM) && defined(HEURISTIC2)
#   define NEED_FIND_LIMIT
# endif

# if (defined(SUNOS4) && defined(DYNAMIC_LOADING)) && !defined(PCR)
#   define NEED_FIND_LIMIT
# endif

# if (defined(SVR4) || defined(AUX) || defined(DGUX) \
      || (defined(LINUX) && defined(SPARC))) && !defined(PCR)
#   define NEED_FIND_LIMIT
# endif

#if defined(FREEBSD) && (defined(I386) || defined(X86_64) || defined(powerpc) || defined(__powerpc__))
#  include <machine/trap.h>
#  if !defined(PCR)
#    define NEED_FIND_LIMIT
#  endif
#endif

#if (defined(NETBSD) || defined(OPENBSD)) && defined(__ELF__) \
    && !defined(NEED_FIND_LIMIT)
   /* Used by GC_init_netbsd_elf() below.       */
#  define NEED_FIND_LIMIT
#endif

#ifdef NEED_FIND_LIMIT
#   include <setjmp.h>
#endif

#ifdef AMIGA
# define GC_AMIGA_DEF
# include "AmigaOS.c"
# undef GC_AMIGA_DEF
#endif

#if defined(MSWIN32) || defined(MSWINCE) || defined(CYGWIN32)
# define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
# define NOSERVICE
# include <windows.h>
#endif

#ifdef MACOS
# include <Processes.h>
#endif

#ifdef IRIX5
# include <sys/uio.h>
# include <malloc.h>   /* for locking */
#endif
#if defined(USE_MMAP) || defined(USE_MUNMAP)
# ifndef USE_MMAP
    --> USE_MUNMAP requires USE_MMAP
# endif
# include <sys/types.h>
# include <sys/mman.h>
# include <sys/stat.h>
# include <errno.h>
#endif

#ifdef UNIX_LIKE
# include <fcntl.h>
# if defined(SUNOS5SIGS) && !defined(FREEBSD)
#  include <sys/siginfo.h>
# endif
  /* Define SETJMP and friends to be the version that restores  */
  /* the signal mask.                                           */
# define SETJMP(env) sigsetjmp(env, 1)
# define LONGJMP(env, val) siglongjmp(env, val)
# define JMP_BUF sigjmp_buf
#else
# define SETJMP(env) setjmp(env)
# define LONGJMP(env, val) longjmp(env, val)
# define JMP_BUF jmp_buf
#endif

#ifdef DARWIN
/* for get_etext and friends */
#include <mach-o/getsect.h>
#endif

#ifdef DJGPP
  /* Apparently necessary for djgpp 2.01.  May cause problems with      */
  /* other versions.                                                    */
  typedef long unsigned int caddr_t;
#endif

#ifdef PCR
# include "il/PCR_IL.h"
# include "th/PCR_ThCtl.h"
# include "mm/PCR_MM.h"
#endif

#if !defined(NO_EXECUTE_PERMISSION)
# define OPT_PROT_EXEC PROT_EXEC
#else
# define OPT_PROT_EXEC 0
#endif

#if defined(LINUX) && \
    (defined(USE_PROC_FOR_LIBRARIES) || defined(IA64) || !defined(SMALL_CONFIG))

/* We need to parse /proc/self/maps, either to find dynamic libraries,  */
/* and/or to find the register backing store base (IA64).  Do it once   */
/* here.                                                                */

#define READ read

/* Repeatedly perform a read call until the buffer is filled or */
/* we encounter EOF.                                            */
ssize_t GC_repeat_read(int fd, char *buf, size_t count)
{
    ssize_t num_read = 0;
    ssize_t result;
    
    while (num_read < count) {
        result = READ(fd, buf + num_read, count - num_read);
        if (result < 0) return result;
        if (result == 0) break;
        num_read += result;
    }
    return num_read;
}

/*
 * Apply fn to a buffer containing the contents of /proc/self/maps.
 * Return the result of fn or, if we failed, 0.
 * We currently do nothing to /proc/self/maps other than simply read
 * it.  This code could be simplified if we could determine its size
 * ahead of time.
 */

word GC_apply_to_maps(word (*fn)(char *))
{
    int f;
    int result;
    size_t maps_size = 4000;  /* Initial guess.         */
    static char init_buf[1];
    static char *maps_buf = init_buf;
    static size_t maps_buf_sz = 1;

    /* Read /proc/self/maps, growing maps_buf as necessary.     */
        /* Note that we may not allocate conventionally, and    */
        /* thus can't use stdio.                                */
        do {
            if (maps_size >= maps_buf_sz) {
              /* Grow only by powers of 2, since we leak "too small" buffers. */
              while (maps_size >= maps_buf_sz) maps_buf_sz *= 2;
              maps_buf = GC_scratch_alloc(maps_buf_sz);
              if (maps_buf == 0) return 0;
            }
            f = open("/proc/self/maps", O_RDONLY);
            if (-1 == f) return 0;
            maps_size = 0;
            do {
                result = GC_repeat_read(f, maps_buf, maps_buf_sz-1);
                if (result <= 0) return 0;
                maps_size += result;
            } while (result == maps_buf_sz-1);
            close(f);
        } while (maps_size >= maps_buf_sz);
        maps_buf[maps_size] = '\0';
        
    /* Apply fn to result. */
        return fn(maps_buf);
}

#endif /* Need GC_apply_to_maps */

#if defined(LINUX) && (defined(USE_PROC_FOR_LIBRARIES) || defined(IA64))
//
//  GC_parse_map_entry parses an entry from /proc/self/maps so we can
//  locate all writable data segments that belong to shared libraries.
//  The format of one of these entries and the fields we care about
//  is as follows:
//  XXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX r-xp 00000000 30:05 260537     name of mapping...\n
//  ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^          ^^
//  start    end      prot          maj_dev
//
//  Note that since about auguat 2003 kernels, the columns no longer have
//  fixed offsets on 64-bit kernels.  Hence we no longer rely on fixed offsets
//  anywhere, which is safer anyway.
//

/*
 * Assign various fields of the first line in buf_ptr to *start, *end,
 * *prot_buf and *maj_dev.  Only *prot_buf may be set for unwritable maps.
 */
char *GC_parse_map_entry(char *buf_ptr, word *start, word *end,
                                char *prot_buf, unsigned int *maj_dev)
{
    char *start_start, *end_start, *prot_start, *maj_dev_start;
    char *p;
    char *endp;

    if (buf_ptr == NULL || *buf_ptr == '\0') {
        return NULL;
    }

    p = buf_ptr;
    while (isspace(*p)) ++p;
    start_start = p;
    GC_ASSERT(isxdigit(*start_start));
    *start = strtoul(start_start, &endp, 16); p = endp;
    GC_ASSERT(*p=='-');

    ++p;
    end_start = p;
    GC_ASSERT(isxdigit(*end_start));
    *end = strtoul(end_start, &endp, 16); p = endp;
    GC_ASSERT(isspace(*p));

    while (isspace(*p)) ++p;
    prot_start = p;
    GC_ASSERT(*prot_start == 'r' || *prot_start == '-');
    memcpy(prot_buf, prot_start, 4);
    prot_buf[4] = '\0';
    if (prot_buf[1] == 'w') {/* we can skip the rest if it's not writable. */
        /* Skip past protection field to offset field */
          while (!isspace(*p)) ++p; while (isspace(*p)) ++p;
          GC_ASSERT(isxdigit(*p));
        /* Skip past offset field, which we ignore */
          while (!isspace(*p)) ++p; while (isspace(*p)) ++p;
        maj_dev_start = p;
        GC_ASSERT(isxdigit(*maj_dev_start));
        *maj_dev = strtoul(maj_dev_start, NULL, 16);
    }

    while (*p && *p++ != '\n');

    return p;
}

#endif /* Need to parse /proc/self/maps. */     

#if defined(SEARCH_FOR_DATA_START)
  /* The I386 case can be handled without a search.  The Alpha case     */
  /* used to be handled differently as well, but the rules changed      */
  /* for recent Linux versions.  This seems to be the easiest way to    */
  /* cover all versions.                                                */

# if defined(LINUX) || defined(HURD)
    /* Some Linux distributions arrange to define __data_start.  Some   */
    /* define data_start as a weak symbol.  The latter is technically   */
    /* broken, since the user program may define data_start, in which   */
    /* case we lose.  Nonetheless, we try both, prefering __data_start. */
    /* We assume gcc-compatible pragmas.        */
#   pragma weak __data_start
    extern int __data_start[];
#   pragma weak data_start
    extern int data_start[];
# endif /* LINUX */
  extern int _end[];

  ptr_t GC_data_start;

  void GC_init_linux_data_start()
  {
    extern ptr_t GC_find_limit();

#   if defined(LINUX) || defined(HURD)
      /* Try the easy approaches first: */
      if ((ptr_t)__data_start != 0) {
          GC_data_start = (ptr_t)(__data_start);
          return;
      }
      if ((ptr_t)data_start != 0) {
          GC_data_start = (ptr_t)(data_start);
          return;
      }
#   endif /* LINUX */
    GC_data_start = GC_find_limit((ptr_t)(_end), FALSE);
  }
#endif

# ifdef ECOS

# ifndef ECOS_GC_MEMORY_SIZE
# define ECOS_GC_MEMORY_SIZE (448 * 1024)
# endif /* ECOS_GC_MEMORY_SIZE */

// setjmp() function, as described in ANSI para 7.6.1.1
#undef SETJMP
#define SETJMP( __env__ )  hal_setjmp( __env__ )

// FIXME: This is a simple way of allocating memory which is
// compatible with ECOS early releases.  Later releases use a more
// sophisticated means of allocating memory than this simple static
// allocator, but this method is at least bound to work.
static char memory[ECOS_GC_MEMORY_SIZE];
static char *brk = memory;

static void *tiny_sbrk(ptrdiff_t increment)
{
  void *p = brk;

  brk += increment;

  if (brk >  memory + sizeof memory)
    {
      brk -= increment;
      return NULL;
    }

  return p;
}
#define sbrk tiny_sbrk
# endif /* ECOS */

#if (defined(NETBSD) || defined(OPENBSD)) && defined(__ELF__)
  ptr_t GC_data_start;

  void GC_init_netbsd_elf()
  {
    extern ptr_t GC_find_limit();
    extern char **environ;
        /* This may need to be environ, without the underscore, for     */
        /* some versions.                                               */
    GC_data_start = GC_find_limit((ptr_t)&environ, FALSE);
  }
#endif

# ifdef OS2

# include <stddef.h>

# if !defined(__IBMC__) && !defined(__WATCOMC__) /* e.g. EMX */

struct exe_hdr {
    unsigned short      magic_number;
    unsigned short      padding[29];
    long                new_exe_offset;
};

#define E_MAGIC(x)      (x).magic_number
#define EMAGIC          0x5A4D  
#define E_LFANEW(x)     (x).new_exe_offset

struct e32_exe {
    unsigned char       magic_number[2]; 
    unsigned char       byte_order; 
    unsigned char       word_order; 
    unsigned long       exe_format_level;
    unsigned short      cpu;       
    unsigned short      os;
    unsigned long       padding1[13];
    unsigned long       object_table_offset;
    unsigned long       object_count;    
    unsigned long       padding2[31];
};

#define E32_MAGIC1(x)   (x).magic_number[0]
#define E32MAGIC1       'L'
#define E32_MAGIC2(x)   (x).magic_number[1]
#define E32MAGIC2       'X'
#define E32_BORDER(x)   (x).byte_order
#define E32LEBO         0
#define E32_WORDER(x)   (x).word_order
#define E32LEWO         0
#define E32_CPU(x)      (x).cpu
#define E32CPU286       1
#define E32_OBJTAB(x)   (x).object_table_offset
#define E32_OBJCNT(x)   (x).object_count

struct o32_obj {
    unsigned long       size;  
    unsigned long       base;
    unsigned long       flags;  
    unsigned long       pagemap;
    unsigned long       mapsize; 
    unsigned long       reserved;
};

#define O32_FLAGS(x)    (x).flags
#define OBJREAD         0x0001L
#define OBJWRITE        0x0002L
#define OBJINVALID      0x0080L
#define O32_SIZE(x)     (x).size
#define O32_BASE(x)     (x).base

# else  /* IBM's compiler */

/* A kludge to get around what appears to be a header file bug */
# ifndef WORD
#   define WORD unsigned short
# endif
# ifndef DWORD
#   define DWORD unsigned long
# endif

# define EXE386 1
# include <newexe.h>
# include <exe386.h>

# endif  /* __IBMC__ */

# define INCL_DOSEXCEPTIONS
# define INCL_DOSPROCESS
# define INCL_DOSERRORS
# define INCL_DOSMODULEMGR
# define INCL_DOSMEMMGR
# include <os2.h>


/* Disable and enable signals during nontrivial allocations     */

void GC_disable_signals(void)
{
    ULONG nest;
    
    DosEnterMustComplete(&nest);
    if (nest != 1) ABORT("nested GC_disable_signals");
}

void GC_enable_signals(void)
{
    ULONG nest;
    
    DosExitMustComplete(&nest);
    if (nest != 0) ABORT("GC_enable_signals");
}


# else

#  if !defined(PCR) && !defined(AMIGA) && !defined(MSWIN32) \
      && !defined(MSWINCE) \
      && !defined(MACOS) && !defined(DJGPP) && !defined(DOS4GW) \
      && !defined(NOSYS) && !defined(ECOS)

#   if defined(SIG_BLOCK)
        /* Use POSIX/SYSV interface */
#       define SIGSET_T sigset_t
#       define SIG_DEL(set, signal) sigdelset(&(set), (signal))
#       define SIG_FILL(set) sigfillset(&set)
#       define SIGSETMASK(old, new) sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &(new), &(old))
#   elif defined(sigmask) && !defined(UTS4) && !defined(HURD)
        /* Use the traditional BSD interface */
#       define SIGSET_T int
#       define SIG_DEL(set, signal) (set) &= ~(sigmask(signal))
#       define SIG_FILL(set)  (set) = 0x7fffffff
          /* Setting the leading bit appears to provoke a bug in some   */
          /* longjmp implementations.  Most systems appear not to have  */
          /* a signal 32.                                               */
#       define SIGSETMASK(old, new) (old) = sigsetmask(new)
#   else
#       error undetectable signal API
#   endif

static GC_bool mask_initialized = FALSE;

static SIGSET_T new_mask;

static SIGSET_T old_mask;

static SIGSET_T dummy;

#if defined(PRINTSTATS) && !defined(THREADS)
# define CHECK_SIGNALS
  int GC_sig_disabled = 0;
#endif

void GC_disable_signals()
{
    if (!mask_initialized) {
        SIG_FILL(new_mask);

        SIG_DEL(new_mask, SIGSEGV);
        SIG_DEL(new_mask, SIGILL);
        SIG_DEL(new_mask, SIGQUIT);
#       ifdef SIGBUS
            SIG_DEL(new_mask, SIGBUS);
#       endif
#       ifdef SIGIOT
            SIG_DEL(new_mask, SIGIOT);
#       endif
#       ifdef SIGEMT
            SIG_DEL(new_mask, SIGEMT);
#       endif
#       ifdef SIGTRAP
            SIG_DEL(new_mask, SIGTRAP);
#       endif 
        mask_initialized = TRUE;
    }
#   ifdef CHECK_SIGNALS
        if (GC_sig_disabled != 0) ABORT("Nested disables");
        GC_sig_disabled++;
#   endif
    SIGSETMASK(old_mask,new_mask);
}

void GC_enable_signals()
{
#   ifdef CHECK_SIGNALS
        if (GC_sig_disabled != 1) ABORT("Unmatched enable");
        GC_sig_disabled--;
#   endif
    SIGSETMASK(dummy,old_mask);
}

#  endif  /* !PCR */

# endif /*!OS/2 */

/* Ivan Demakov: simplest way (to me) */
#if defined (DOS4GW)
  void GC_disable_signals() { }
  void GC_enable_signals() { }
#endif

/* Find the page size */
word GC_page_size;

# if defined(MSWIN32) || defined(MSWINCE) || defined (CYGWIN32)
  void GC_setpagesize()
  {
    GetSystemInfo(&GC_sysinfo);
    GC_page_size = GC_sysinfo.dwPageSize;
  }

# else
#   if defined(MPROTECT_VDB) || defined(PROC_VDB) || defined(USE_MMAP) \
       || defined(USE_MUNMAP)
        void GC_setpagesize()
        {
            GC_page_size = GETPAGESIZE();
        }
#   else
        /* It's acceptable to fake it. */
        void GC_setpagesize()
        {
            GC_page_size = HBLKSIZE;
        }
#   endif
# endif

/* 
 * Find the base of the stack. 
 * Used only in single-threaded environment.
 * With threads, GC_mark_roots needs to know how to do this.
 * Called with allocator lock held.
 */
# if defined(MSWIN32) || defined(MSWINCE)
# define is_writable(prot) ((prot) == PAGE_READWRITE \
                            || (prot) == PAGE_WRITECOPY \
                            || (prot) == PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE \
                            || (prot) == PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY)
/* Return the number of bytes that are writable starting at p.  */
/* The pointer p is assumed to be page aligned.                 */
/* If base is not 0, *base becomes the beginning of the         */
/* allocation region containing p.                              */
word GC_get_writable_length(ptr_t p, ptr_t *base)
{
    MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION buf;
    word result;
    word protect;
    
    result = VirtualQuery(p, &buf, sizeof(buf));
    if (result != sizeof(buf)) ABORT("Weird VirtualQuery result");
    if (base != 0) *base = (ptr_t)(buf.AllocationBase);
    protect = (buf.Protect & ~(PAGE_GUARD | PAGE_NOCACHE));
    if (!is_writable(protect)) {
        return(0);
    }
    if (buf.State != MEM_COMMIT) return(0);
    return(buf.RegionSize);
}

ptr_t GC_get_stack_base()
{
    int dummy;
    ptr_t sp = (ptr_t)(&dummy);
    ptr_t trunc_sp = (ptr_t)((word)sp & ~(GC_page_size - 1));
    word size = GC_get_writable_length(trunc_sp, 0);
   
    return(trunc_sp + size);
}


# endif /* MS Windows */

# ifdef BEOS
# include <kernel/OS.h>
ptr_t GC_get_stack_base(){
        thread_info th;
        get_thread_info(find_thread(NULL),&th);
        return th.stack_end;
}
# endif /* BEOS */


# ifdef OS2

ptr_t GC_get_stack_base()
{
    PTIB ptib;
    PPIB ppib;
    
    if (DosGetInfoBlocks(&ptib, &ppib) != NO_ERROR) {
        GC_err_printf0("DosGetInfoBlocks failed\n");
        ABORT("DosGetInfoBlocks failed\n");
    }
    return((ptr_t)(ptib -> tib_pstacklimit));
}

# endif /* OS2 */

# ifdef AMIGA
#   define GC_AMIGA_SB
#   include "AmigaOS.c"
#   undef GC_AMIGA_SB
# endif /* AMIGA */

# if defined(NEED_FIND_LIMIT) || defined(UNIX_LIKE)

#   ifdef __STDC__
        typedef void (*handler)(int);
#   else
        typedef void (*handler)();
#   endif

#   if defined(SUNOS5SIGS) || defined(IRIX5) || defined(OSF1) \
    || defined(HURD) || defined(NETBSD)
        static struct sigaction old_segv_act;
#       if defined(IRIX5) || defined(HPUX) \
        || defined(HURD) || defined(NETBSD)
            static struct sigaction old_bus_act;
#       endif
#   else
        static handler old_segv_handler, old_bus_handler;
#   endif
    
#   ifdef __STDC__
      void GC_set_and_save_fault_handler(handler h)
#   else
      void GC_set_and_save_fault_handler(h)
      handler h;
#   endif
    {
#       if defined(SUNOS5SIGS) || defined(IRIX5)  \
        || defined(OSF1) || defined(HURD) || defined(NETBSD)
          struct sigaction      act;

          act.sa_handler        = h;
#         if 0 /* Was necessary for Solaris 2.3 and very temporary      */
               /* NetBSD bugs.                                          */
            act.sa_flags          = SA_RESTART | SA_NODEFER;
#         else
            act.sa_flags          = SA_RESTART;
#         endif

          (void) sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
#         ifdef GC_IRIX_THREADS
                /* Older versions have a bug related to retrieving and  */
                /* and setting a handler at the same time.              */
                (void) sigaction(SIGSEGV, 0, &old_segv_act);
                (void) sigaction(SIGSEGV, &act, 0);
                (void) sigaction(SIGBUS, 0, &old_bus_act);
                (void) sigaction(SIGBUS, &act, 0);
#         else
                (void) sigaction(SIGSEGV, &act, &old_segv_act);
#               if defined(IRIX5) \
                   || defined(HPUX) || defined(HURD) || defined(NETBSD)
                    /* Under Irix 5.x or HP/UX, we may get SIGBUS.      */
                    /* Pthreads doesn't exist under Irix 5.x, so we     */
                    /* don't have to worry in the threads case.         */
                    (void) sigaction(SIGBUS, &act, &old_bus_act);
#               endif
#         endif /* GC_IRIX_THREADS */
#       else
          old_segv_handler = signal(SIGSEGV, h);
#         ifdef SIGBUS
            old_bus_handler = signal(SIGBUS, h);
#         endif
#       endif
    }
# endif /* NEED_FIND_LIMIT || UNIX_LIKE */

# ifdef NEED_FIND_LIMIT
  /* Some tools to implement HEURISTIC2 */
#   define MIN_PAGE_SIZE 256    /* Smallest conceivable page size, bytes */
    /* static */ JMP_BUF GC_jmp_buf;
    
    /*ARGSUSED*/
    void GC_fault_handler(sig)
    int sig;
    {
        LONGJMP(GC_jmp_buf, 1);
    }

    void GC_setup_temporary_fault_handler()
    {
        GC_set_and_save_fault_handler(GC_fault_handler);
    }
    
    void GC_reset_fault_handler()
    {
#       if defined(SUNOS5SIGS) || defined(IRIX5) \
           || defined(OSF1) || defined(HURD) || defined(NETBSD)
          (void) sigaction(SIGSEGV, &old_segv_act, 0);
#         if defined(IRIX5) \
             || defined(HPUX) || defined(HURD) || defined(NETBSD)
              (void) sigaction(SIGBUS, &old_bus_act, 0);
#         endif
#       else
          (void) signal(SIGSEGV, old_segv_handler);
#         ifdef SIGBUS
            (void) signal(SIGBUS, old_bus_handler);
#         endif
#       endif
    }

    /* Return the first nonaddressible location > p (up) or     */
    /* the smallest location q s.t. [q,p) is addressable (!up). */
    /* We assume that p (up) or p-1 (!up) is addressable.       */
    ptr_t GC_find_limit(p, up)
    ptr_t p;
    GC_bool up;
    {
        static VOLATILE ptr_t result;
                /* Needs to be static, since otherwise it may not be    */
                /* preserved across the longjmp.  Can safely be         */
                /* static since it's only called once, with the         */
                /* allocation lock held.                                */


        GC_setup_temporary_fault_handler();
        if (SETJMP(GC_jmp_buf) == 0) {
            result = (ptr_t)(((word)(p))
                              & ~(MIN_PAGE_SIZE-1));
            for (;;) {
                if (up) {
                    result += MIN_PAGE_SIZE;
                } else {
                    result -= MIN_PAGE_SIZE;
                }
                GC_noop1((word)(*result));
            }
        }
        GC_reset_fault_handler();
        if (!up) {
            result += MIN_PAGE_SIZE;
        }
        return(result);
    }
# endif

#if defined(ECOS) || defined(NOSYS)
  ptr_t GC_get_stack_base()
  {
    return STACKBOTTOM;
  }
#endif

#ifdef HPUX_STACKBOTTOM

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/pstat.h>

  ptr_t GC_get_register_stack_base(void)
  {
    struct pst_vm_status vm_status;

    int i = 0;
    while (pstat_getprocvm(&vm_status, sizeof(vm_status), 0, i++) == 1) {
      if (vm_status.pst_type == PS_RSESTACK) {
        return (ptr_t) vm_status.pst_vaddr;
      }
    }

    /* old way to get the register stackbottom */
    return (ptr_t)(((word)GC_stackbottom - BACKING_STORE_DISPLACEMENT - 1)
                   & ~(BACKING_STORE_ALIGNMENT - 1));
  }

#endif /* HPUX_STACK_BOTTOM */

#ifdef LINUX_STACKBOTTOM

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

# define STAT_SKIP 27   /* Number of fields preceding startstack        */
                        /* field in /proc/self/stat                     */

#ifdef USE_LIBC_PRIVATES
# pragma weak __libc_stack_end
  extern ptr_t __libc_stack_end;
#endif

# ifdef IA64
    /* Try to read the backing store base from /proc/self/maps. */
    /* We look for the writable mapping with a 0 major device,  */
    /* which is as close to our frame as possible, but below it.*/
    static word backing_store_base_from_maps(char *maps)
    {
      char prot_buf[5];
      char *buf_ptr = maps;
      word start, end;
      unsigned int maj_dev;
      word current_best = 0;
      word dummy;
  
      for (;;) {
        buf_ptr = GC_parse_map_entry(buf_ptr, &start, &end, prot_buf, &maj_dev);
        if (buf_ptr == NULL) return current_best;
        if (prot_buf[1] == 'w' && maj_dev == 0) {
            if (end < (word)(&dummy) && start > current_best) current_best = start;
        }
      }
      return current_best;
    }

    static word backing_store_base_from_proc(void)
    {
        return GC_apply_to_maps(backing_store_base_from_maps);
    }

#   ifdef USE_LIBC_PRIVATES
#     pragma weak __libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base
      extern ptr_t __libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base;
#   endif

    ptr_t GC_get_register_stack_base(void)
    {
#     ifdef USE_LIBC_PRIVATES
        if (0 != &__libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base
            && 0 != __libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base) {
          /* Glibc 2.2.4 has a bug such that for dynamically linked     */
          /* executables __libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base is     */
          /* defined but uninitialized during constructor calls.        */
          /* Hence we check for both nonzero address and value.         */
          return __libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base;
        }
#     endif
      word result = backing_store_base_from_proc();
      if (0 == result) {
          /* Use dumb heuristics.  Works only for default configuration. */
          result = (word)GC_stackbottom - BACKING_STORE_DISPLACEMENT;
          result += BACKING_STORE_ALIGNMENT - 1;
          result &= ~(BACKING_STORE_ALIGNMENT - 1);
          /* Verify that it's at least readable.  If not, we goofed. */
          GC_noop1(*(word *)result); 
      }
      return (ptr_t)result;
    }
# endif

  ptr_t GC_linux_stack_base(void)
  {
    /* We read the stack base value from /proc/self/stat.  We do this   */
    /* using direct I/O system calls in order to avoid calling malloc   */
    /* in case REDIRECT_MALLOC is defined.                              */ 
#   define STAT_BUF_SIZE 4096
#   define STAT_READ read
          /* Should probably call the real read, if read is wrapped.    */
    char stat_buf[STAT_BUF_SIZE];
    int f;
    char c;
    word result = 0;
    size_t i, buf_offset = 0;

    /* First try the easy way.  This should work for glibc 2.2  */
    /* This fails in a prelinked ("prelink" command) executable */
    /* since the correct value of __libc_stack_end never        */
    /* becomes visible to us.  The second test works around     */
    /* this.                                                    */  
#   ifdef USE_LIBC_PRIVATES
      if (0 != &__libc_stack_end && 0 != __libc_stack_end ) {
#       ifdef IA64
          /* Some versions of glibc set the address 16 bytes too        */
          /* low while the initialization code is running.              */
          if (((word)__libc_stack_end & 0xfff) + 0x10 < 0x1000) {
            return __libc_stack_end + 0x10;
          } /* Otherwise it's not safe to add 16 bytes and we fall      */
            /* back to using /proc.                                     */
#       else 
#       ifdef SPARC
          /* Older versions of glibc for 64-bit Sparc do not set
           * this variable correctly, it gets set to either zero
           * or one.
           */
          if (__libc_stack_end != (ptr_t) (unsigned long)0x1)
            return __libc_stack_end;
#       else
          return __libc_stack_end;
#       endif
#       endif
      }
#   endif
    f = open("/proc/self/stat", O_RDONLY);
    if (f < 0 || STAT_READ(f, stat_buf, STAT_BUF_SIZE) < 2 * STAT_SKIP) {
        ABORT("Couldn't read /proc/self/stat");
    }
    c = stat_buf[buf_offset++];
    /* Skip the required number of fields.  This number is hopefully    */
    /* constant across all Linux implementations.                       */
      for (i = 0; i < STAT_SKIP; ++i) {
        while (isspace(c)) c = stat_buf[buf_offset++];
        while (!isspace(c)) c = stat_buf[buf_offset++];
      }
    while (isspace(c)) c = stat_buf[buf_offset++];
    while (isdigit(c)) {
      result *= 10;
      result += c - '0';
      c = stat_buf[buf_offset++];
    }
    close(f);
    if (result < 0x10000000) ABORT("Absurd stack bottom value");
    return (ptr_t)result;
  }

#endif /* LINUX_STACKBOTTOM */

#ifdef FREEBSD_STACKBOTTOM

/* This uses an undocumented sysctl call, but at least one expert       */
/* believes it will stay.                                               */

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>

  ptr_t GC_freebsd_stack_base(void)
  {
    int nm[2] = {CTL_KERN, KERN_USRSTACK};
    ptr_t base;
    size_t len = sizeof(ptr_t);
    int r = sysctl(nm, 2, &base, &len, NULL, 0);
    
    if (r) ABORT("Error getting stack base");

    return base;
  }

#endif /* FREEBSD_STACKBOTTOM */

#ifdef SOLARIS_STACKBOTTOM

# include <thread.h>
# include <signal.h>
# include <pthread.h>

  /* These variables are used to cache ss_sp value for the primordial   */
  /* thread (it's better not to call thr_stksegment() twice for this    */
  /* thread - see JDK bug #4352906).                                    */
  static pthread_t stackbase_main_self = 0;
                        /* 0 means stackbase_main_ss_sp value is unset. */
  static void *stackbase_main_ss_sp = NULL;

  ptr_t GC_solaris_stack_base(void)
  {
    stack_t s;
    pthread_t self = pthread_self();
    if (self == stackbase_main_self)
      {
        /* If the client calls GC_get_stack_base() from the main thread */
        /* then just return the cached value.                           */
        GC_ASSERT(stackbase_main_ss_sp != NULL);
        return stackbase_main_ss_sp;
      }

    if (thr_stksegment(&s)) {
      /* According to the manual, the only failure error code returned  */
      /* is EAGAIN meaning "the information is not available due to the */
      /* thread is not yet completely initialized or it is an internal  */
      /* thread" - this shouldn't happen here.                          */
      ABORT("thr_stksegment failed");
    }
    /* s.ss_sp holds the pointer to the stack bottom. */
    GC_ASSERT((void *)&s HOTTER_THAN s.ss_sp);

    if (!stackbase_main_self)
      {
        /* Cache the stack base value for the primordial thread (this   */
        /* is done during GC_init, so there is no race).                */
        stackbase_main_ss_sp = s.ss_sp;
        stackbase_main_self = self;
      }

    return s.ss_sp;
  }

#endif /* GC_SOLARIS_THREADS */

#if !defined(BEOS) && !defined(AMIGA) && !defined(MSWIN32) \
    && !defined(MSWINCE) && !defined(OS2) && !defined(NOSYS) && !defined(ECOS)

ptr_t GC_get_stack_base()
{
#   if defined(HEURISTIC1) || defined(HEURISTIC2) || \
       defined(LINUX_STACKBOTTOM) || defined(FREEBSD_STACKBOTTOM) || \
       defined(SOLARIS_STACKBOTTOM)       
    word dummy;
    ptr_t result;
#   endif

#   define STACKBOTTOM_ALIGNMENT_M1 ((word)STACK_GRAN - 1)

#   ifdef STACKBOTTOM
        return(STACKBOTTOM);
#   else
#       ifdef HEURISTIC1
#          ifdef STACK_GROWS_DOWN
             result = (ptr_t)((((word)(&dummy))
                               + STACKBOTTOM_ALIGNMENT_M1)
                              & ~STACKBOTTOM_ALIGNMENT_M1);
#          else
             result = (ptr_t)(((word)(&dummy))
                              & ~STACKBOTTOM_ALIGNMENT_M1);
#          endif
#       endif /* HEURISTIC1 */
#       ifdef LINUX_STACKBOTTOM
           result = GC_linux_stack_base();
#       endif
#       ifdef FREEBSD_STACKBOTTOM
           result = GC_freebsd_stack_base();
#       endif
#       ifdef SOLARIS_STACKBOTTOM
           result = GC_solaris_stack_base();
#       endif
#       ifdef HEURISTIC2
#           ifdef STACK_GROWS_DOWN
                result = GC_find_limit((ptr_t)(&dummy), TRUE);
#               ifdef HEURISTIC2_LIMIT
                    if (result > HEURISTIC2_LIMIT
                        && (ptr_t)(&dummy) < HEURISTIC2_LIMIT) {
                            result = HEURISTIC2_LIMIT;
                    }
#               endif
#           else
                result = GC_find_limit((ptr_t)(&dummy), FALSE);
#               ifdef HEURISTIC2_LIMIT
                    if (result < HEURISTIC2_LIMIT
                        && (ptr_t)(&dummy) > HEURISTIC2_LIMIT) {
                            result = HEURISTIC2_LIMIT;
                    }
#               endif
#           endif

#       endif /* HEURISTIC2 */
#       ifdef STACK_GROWS_DOWN
            if (result == 0) result = (ptr_t)(signed_word)(-sizeof(ptr_t));
#       endif
        return(result);
#   endif /* STACKBOTTOM */
}

# endif /* ! AMIGA, !OS 2, ! MS Windows, !BEOS, !NOSYS, !ECOS */

/*
 * Register static data segment(s) as roots.
 * If more data segments are added later then they need to be registered
 * add that point (as we do with SunOS dynamic loading),
 * or GC_mark_roots needs to check for them (as we do with PCR).
 * Called with allocator lock held.
 */

# ifdef OS2

void GC_register_data_segments()
{
    PTIB ptib;
    PPIB ppib;
    HMODULE module_handle;
#   define PBUFSIZ 512
    UCHAR path[PBUFSIZ];
    FILE * myexefile;
    struct exe_hdr hdrdos;      /* MSDOS header.        */
    struct e32_exe hdr386;      /* Real header for my executable */
    struct o32_obj seg; /* Currrent segment */
    int nsegs;
    
    
    if (DosGetInfoBlocks(&ptib, &ppib) != NO_ERROR) {
        GC_err_printf0("DosGetInfoBlocks failed\n");
        ABORT("DosGetInfoBlocks failed\n");
    }
    module_handle = ppib -> pib_hmte;
    if (DosQueryModuleName(module_handle, PBUFSIZ, path) != NO_ERROR) {
        GC_err_printf0("DosQueryModuleName failed\n");
        ABORT("DosGetInfoBlocks failed\n");
    }
    myexefile = fopen(path, "rb");
    if (myexefile == 0) {
        GC_err_puts("Couldn't open executable ");
        GC_err_puts(path); GC_err_puts("\n");
        ABORT("Failed to open executable\n");
    }
    if (fread((char *)(&hdrdos), 1, sizeof hdrdos, myexefile) < sizeof hdrdos) {
        GC_err_puts("Couldn't read MSDOS header from ");
        GC_err_puts(path); GC_err_puts("\n");
        ABORT("Couldn't read MSDOS header");
    }
    if (E_MAGIC(hdrdos) != EMAGIC) {
        GC_err_puts("Executable has wrong DOS magic number: ");
        GC_err_puts(path); GC_err_puts("\n");
        ABORT("Bad DOS magic number");
    }
    if (fseek(myexefile, E_LFANEW(hdrdos), SEEK_SET) != 0) {
        GC_err_puts("Seek to new header failed in ");
        GC_err_puts(path); GC_err_puts("\n");
        ABORT("Bad DOS magic number");
    }
    if (fread((char *)(&hdr386), 1, sizeof hdr386, myexefile) < sizeof hdr386) {
        GC_err_puts("Couldn't read MSDOS header from ");
        GC_err_puts(path); GC_err_puts("\n");
        ABORT("Couldn't read OS/2 header");
    }
    if (E32_MAGIC1(hdr386) != E32MAGIC1 || E32_MAGIC2(hdr386) != E32MAGIC2) {
        GC_err_puts("Executable has wrong OS/2 magic number:");
        GC_err_puts(path); GC_err_puts("\n");
        ABORT("Bad OS/2 magic number");
    }
    if ( E32_BORDER(hdr386) != E32LEBO || E32_WORDER(hdr386) != E32LEWO) {
        GC_err_puts("Executable %s has wrong byte order: ");
        GC_err_puts(path); GC_err_puts("\n");
        ABORT("Bad byte order");
    }
    if ( E32_CPU(hdr386) == E32CPU286) {
        GC_err_puts("GC can't handle 80286 executables: ");
        GC_err_puts(path); GC_err_puts("\n");
        EXIT();
    }
    if (fseek(myexefile, E_LFANEW(hdrdos) + E32_OBJTAB(hdr386),
              SEEK_SET) != 0) {
        GC_err_puts("Seek to object table failed: ");
        GC_err_puts(path); GC_err_puts("\n");
        ABORT("Seek to object table failed");
    }
    for (nsegs = E32_OBJCNT(hdr386); nsegs > 0; nsegs--) {
      int flags;
      if (fread((char *)(&seg), 1, sizeof seg, myexefile) < sizeof seg) {
        GC_err_puts("Couldn't read obj table entry from ");
        GC_err_puts(path); GC_err_puts("\n");
        ABORT("Couldn't read obj table entry");
      }
      flags = O32_FLAGS(seg);
      if (!(flags & OBJWRITE)) continue;
      if (!(flags & OBJREAD)) continue;
      if (flags & OBJINVALID) {
          GC_err_printf0("Object with invalid pages?\n");
          continue;
      } 
      GC_add_roots_inner(O32_BASE(seg), O32_BASE(seg)+O32_SIZE(seg), FALSE);
    }
}

# else /* !OS2 */

# if defined(MSWIN32) || defined(MSWINCE) || defined (CYGWIN32)

# ifdef CYGWIN32
#    define GC_no_win32_dlls (FALSE)
# endif

# ifdef MSWIN32
  /* Unfortunately, we have to handle win32s very differently from NT,  */
  /* Since VirtualQuery has very different semantics.  In particular,   */
  /* under win32s a VirtualQuery call on an unmapped page returns an    */
  /* invalid result.  Under NT, GC_register_data_segments is a noop and */
  /* all real work is done by GC_register_dynamic_libraries.  Under     */
  /* win32s, we cannot find the data segments associated with dll's.    */
  /* We register the main data segment here.                            */
  GC_bool GC_no_win32_dlls = FALSE;      
        /* This used to be set for gcc, to avoid dealing with           */
        /* the structured exception handling issues.  But we now have   */
        /* assembly code to do that right.                              */
  GC_bool GC_wnt = FALSE;
        /* This is a Windows NT derivative, i.e. NT, W2K, XP or later.  */
  
  void GC_init_win32()
  {
    /* if we're running under win32s, assume that no DLLs will be loaded */
    DWORD v = GetVersion();
    GC_wnt = !(v & 0x80000000);
    GC_no_win32_dlls |= ((!GC_wnt) && (v & 0xff) <= 3);
  }

  /* Return the smallest address a such that VirtualQuery               */
  /* returns correct results for all addresses between a and start.     */
  /* Assumes VirtualQuery returns correct information for start.        */
  ptr_t GC_least_described_address(ptr_t start)
  {  
    MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION buf;
    DWORD result;
    LPVOID limit;
    ptr_t p;
    LPVOID q;
    
    limit = GC_sysinfo.lpMinimumApplicationAddress;
    p = (ptr_t)((word)start & ~(GC_page_size - 1));
    for (;;) {
        q = (LPVOID)(p - GC_page_size);
        if ((ptr_t)q > (ptr_t)p /* underflow */ || q < limit) break;
        result = VirtualQuery(q, &buf, sizeof(buf));
        if (result != sizeof(buf) || buf.AllocationBase == 0) break;
        p = (ptr_t)(buf.AllocationBase);
    }
    return(p);
  }
# endif

# ifndef REDIRECT_MALLOC
  /* We maintain a linked list of AllocationBase values that we know    */
  /* correspond to malloc heap sections.  Currently this is only called */
  /* during a GC.  But there is some hope that for long running         */
  /* programs we will eventually see most heap sections.                */

  /* In the long run, it would be more reliable to occasionally walk    */
  /* the malloc heap with HeapWalk on the default heap.  But that       */
  /* apparently works only for NT-based Windows.                        */ 

  /* In the long run, a better data structure would also be nice ...    */
  struct GC_malloc_heap_list {
    void * allocation_base;
    struct GC_malloc_heap_list *next;
  } *GC_malloc_heap_l = 0;

  /* Is p the base of one of the malloc heap sections we already know   */
  /* about?                                                             */
  GC_bool GC_is_malloc_heap_base(ptr_t p)
  {
    struct GC_malloc_heap_list *q = GC_malloc_heap_l;

    while (0 != q) {
      if (q -> allocation_base == p) return TRUE;
      q = q -> next;
    }
    return FALSE;
  }

  void *GC_get_allocation_base(void *p)
  {
    MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION buf;
    DWORD result = VirtualQuery(p, &buf, sizeof(buf));
    if (result != sizeof(buf)) {
      ABORT("Weird VirtualQuery result");
    }
    return buf.AllocationBase;
  }

  size_t GC_max_root_size = 100000;     /* Appr. largest root size.     */

  void GC_add_current_malloc_heap()
  {
    struct GC_malloc_heap_list *new_l =
                 malloc(sizeof(struct GC_malloc_heap_list));
    void * candidate = GC_get_allocation_base(new_l);

    if (new_l == 0) return;
    if (GC_is_malloc_heap_base(candidate)) {
      /* Try a little harder to find malloc heap.                       */
        size_t req_size = 10000;
        do {
          void *p = malloc(req_size);
          if (0 == p) { free(new_l); return; }
          candidate = GC_get_allocation_base(p);
          free(p);
          req_size *= 2;
        } while (GC_is_malloc_heap_base(candidate)
                 && req_size < GC_max_root_size/10 && req_size < 500000);
        if (GC_is_malloc_heap_base(candidate)) {
          free(new_l); return;
        }
    }
#   ifdef CONDPRINT
      if (GC_print_stats)
          GC_printf1("Found new system malloc AllocationBase at 0x%lx\n",
                     candidate);
#   endif
    new_l -> allocation_base = candidate;
    new_l -> next = GC_malloc_heap_l;
    GC_malloc_heap_l = new_l;
  }
# endif /* REDIRECT_MALLOC */
  
  /* Is p the start of either the malloc heap, or of one of our */
  /* heap sections?                                             */
  GC_bool GC_is_heap_base (ptr_t p)
  {
     
     unsigned i;
     
#    ifndef REDIRECT_MALLOC
       static word last_gc_no = -1;
     
       if (last_gc_no != GC_gc_no) {
         GC_add_current_malloc_heap();
         last_gc_no = GC_gc_no;
       }
       if (GC_root_size > GC_max_root_size) GC_max_root_size = GC_root_size;
       if (GC_is_malloc_heap_base(p)) return TRUE;
#    endif
     for (i = 0; i < GC_n_heap_bases; i++) {
         if (GC_heap_bases[i] == p) return TRUE;
     }
     return FALSE ;
  }

# ifdef MSWIN32
  void GC_register_root_section(ptr_t static_root)
  {
      MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION buf;
      DWORD result;
      DWORD protect;
      LPVOID p;
      char * base;
      char * limit, * new_limit;
    
      if (!GC_no_win32_dlls) return;
      p = base = limit = GC_least_described_address(static_root);
      while (p < GC_sysinfo.lpMaximumApplicationAddress) {
        result = VirtualQuery(p, &buf, sizeof(buf));
        if (result != sizeof(buf) || buf.AllocationBase == 0
            || GC_is_heap_base(buf.AllocationBase)) break;
        new_limit = (char *)p + buf.RegionSize;
        protect = buf.Protect;
        if (buf.State == MEM_COMMIT
            && is_writable(protect)) {
            if ((char *)p == limit) {
                limit = new_limit;
            } else {
                if (base != limit) GC_add_roots_inner(base, limit, FALSE);
                base = p;
                limit = new_limit;
            }
        }
        if (p > (LPVOID)new_limit /* overflow */) break;
        p = (LPVOID)new_limit;
      }
      if (base != limit) GC_add_roots_inner(base, limit, FALSE);
  }
#endif
  
  void GC_register_data_segments()
  {
#     ifdef MSWIN32
      static char dummy;
      GC_register_root_section((ptr_t)(&dummy));
#     endif
  }

# else /* !OS2 && !Windows */

# if (defined(SVR4) || defined(AUX) || defined(DGUX) \
      || (defined(LINUX) && defined(SPARC))) && !defined(PCR)
ptr_t GC_SysVGetDataStart(max_page_size, etext_addr)
int max_page_size;
int * etext_addr;
{
    word text_end = ((word)(etext_addr) + sizeof(word) - 1)
                    & ~(sizeof(word) - 1);
        /* etext rounded to word boundary       */
    word next_page = ((text_end + (word)max_page_size - 1)
                      & ~((word)max_page_size - 1));
    word page_offset = (text_end & ((word)max_page_size - 1));
    VOLATILE char * result = (char *)(next_page + page_offset);
    /* Note that this isnt equivalent to just adding            */
    /* max_page_size to &etext if &etext is at a page boundary  */
    
    GC_setup_temporary_fault_handler();
    if (SETJMP(GC_jmp_buf) == 0) {
        /* Try writing to the address.  */
        *result = *result;
        GC_reset_fault_handler();
    } else {
        GC_reset_fault_handler();
        /* We got here via a longjmp.  The address is not readable.     */
        /* This is known to happen under Solaris 2.4 + gcc, which place */
        /* string constants in the text segment, but after etext.       */
        /* Use plan B.  Note that we now know there is a gap between    */
        /* text and data segments, so plan A bought us something.       */
        result = (char *)GC_find_limit((ptr_t)(DATAEND), FALSE);
    }
    return((ptr_t)result);
}
# endif

# if defined(FREEBSD) && (defined(I386) || defined(X86_64) || defined(powerpc) || defined(__powerpc__)) && !defined(PCR)
/* Its unclear whether this should be identical to the above, or        */
/* whether it should apply to non-X86 architectures.                    */
/* For now we don't assume that there is always an empty page after     */
/* etext.  But in some cases there actually seems to be slightly more.  */
/* This also deals with holes between read-only data and writable data. */
ptr_t GC_FreeBSDGetDataStart(max_page_size, etext_addr)
int max_page_size;
int * etext_addr;
{
    word text_end = ((word)(etext_addr) + sizeof(word) - 1)
                     & ~(sizeof(word) - 1);
        /* etext rounded to word boundary       */
    VOLATILE word next_page = (text_end + (word)max_page_size - 1)
                              & ~((word)max_page_size - 1);
    VOLATILE ptr_t result = (ptr_t)text_end;
    GC_setup_temporary_fault_handler();
    if (SETJMP(GC_jmp_buf) == 0) {
        /* Try reading at the address.                          */
        /* This should happen before there is another thread.   */
        for (; next_page < (word)(DATAEND); next_page += (word)max_page_size)
            *(VOLATILE char *)next_page;
        GC_reset_fault_handler();
    } else {
        GC_reset_fault_handler();
        /* As above, we go to plan B    */
        result = GC_find_limit((ptr_t)(DATAEND), FALSE);
    }
    return(result);
}

# endif


#ifdef AMIGA

#  define GC_AMIGA_DS
#  include "AmigaOS.c"
#  undef GC_AMIGA_DS

#else /* !OS2 && !Windows && !AMIGA */

void GC_register_data_segments()
{
#   if !defined(PCR) && !defined(SRC_M3) && !defined(MACOS)
#     if defined(REDIRECT_MALLOC) && defined(GC_SOLARIS_THREADS)
        /* As of Solaris 2.3, the Solaris threads implementation        */
        /* allocates the data structure for the initial thread with     */
        /* sbrk at process startup.  It needs to be scanned, so that    */
        /* we don't lose some malloc allocated data structures          */
        /* hanging from it.  We're on thin ice here ...                 */
        extern caddr_t sbrk();

        GC_add_roots_inner(DATASTART, (char *)sbrk(0), FALSE);
#     else
        GC_add_roots_inner(DATASTART, (char *)(DATAEND), FALSE);
#       if defined(DATASTART2)
         GC_add_roots_inner(DATASTART2, (char *)(DATAEND2), FALSE);
#       endif
#     endif
#   endif
#   if defined(MACOS)
    {
#   if defined(THINK_C)
        extern void* GC_MacGetDataStart(void);
        /* globals begin above stack and end at a5. */
        GC_add_roots_inner((ptr_t)GC_MacGetDataStart(),
                           (ptr_t)LMGetCurrentA5(), FALSE);
#   else
#     if defined(__MWERKS__)
#       if !__POWERPC__
          extern void* GC_MacGetDataStart(void);
          /* MATTHEW: Function to handle Far Globals (CW Pro 3) */
#         if __option(far_data)
          extern void* GC_MacGetDataEnd(void);
#         endif
          /* globals begin above stack and end at a5. */
          GC_add_roots_inner((ptr_t)GC_MacGetDataStart(),
                             (ptr_t)LMGetCurrentA5(), FALSE);
          /* MATTHEW: Handle Far Globals */                          
#         if __option(far_data)
      /* Far globals follow he QD globals: */
          GC_add_roots_inner((ptr_t)LMGetCurrentA5(),
                             (ptr_t)GC_MacGetDataEnd(), FALSE);
#         endif
#       else
          extern char __data_start__[], __data_end__[];
          GC_add_roots_inner((ptr_t)&__data_start__,
                             (ptr_t)&__data_end__, FALSE);
#       endif /* __POWERPC__ */
#     endif /* __MWERKS__ */
#   endif /* !THINK_C */
    }
#   endif /* MACOS */

    /* Dynamic libraries are added at every collection, since they may  */
    /* change.                                                          */
}

# endif  /* ! AMIGA */
# endif  /* ! MSWIN32 && ! MSWINCE*/
# endif  /* ! OS2 */

/*
 * Auxiliary routines for obtaining memory from OS.
 */

# if !defined(OS2) && !defined(PCR) && !defined(AMIGA) \
        && !defined(MSWIN32) && !defined(MSWINCE) \
        && !defined(MACOS) && !defined(DOS4GW)

# ifdef SUNOS4
    extern caddr_t sbrk();
# endif
# ifdef __STDC__
#   define SBRK_ARG_T ptrdiff_t
# else
#   define SBRK_ARG_T int
# endif


# if 0 && defined(RS6000)  /* We now use mmap */
/* The compiler seems to generate speculative reads one past the end of */
/* an allocated object.  Hence we need to make sure that the page       */
/* following the last heap page is also mapped.                         */
ptr_t GC_unix_get_mem(bytes)
word bytes;
{
    caddr_t cur_brk = (caddr_t)sbrk(0);
    caddr_t result;
    SBRK_ARG_T lsbs = (word)cur_brk & (GC_page_size-1);
    static caddr_t my_brk_val = 0;
    
    if ((SBRK_ARG_T)bytes < 0) return(0); /* too big */
    if (lsbs != 0) {
        if((caddr_t)(sbrk(GC_page_size - lsbs)) == (caddr_t)(-1)) return(0);
    }
    if (cur_brk == my_brk_val) {
        /* Use the extra block we allocated last time. */
        result = (ptr_t)sbrk((SBRK_ARG_T)bytes);
        if (result == (caddr_t)(-1)) return(0);
        result -= GC_page_size;
    } else {
        result = (ptr_t)sbrk(GC_page_size + (SBRK_ARG_T)bytes);
        if (result == (caddr_t)(-1)) return(0);
    }
    my_brk_val = result + bytes + GC_page_size; /* Always page aligned */
    return((ptr_t)result);
}

#else  /* Not RS6000 */

#if defined(USE_MMAP) || defined(USE_MUNMAP)

#ifdef USE_MMAP_FIXED
#   define GC_MMAP_FLAGS MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE
        /* Seems to yield better performance on Solaris 2, but can      */
        /* be unreliable if something is already mapped at the address. */
#else
#   define GC_MMAP_FLAGS MAP_PRIVATE
#endif

#ifdef USE_MMAP_ANON
# define zero_fd -1
# if defined(MAP_ANONYMOUS)
#   define OPT_MAP_ANON MAP_ANONYMOUS
# else
#   define OPT_MAP_ANON MAP_ANON
# endif
#else
  static int zero_fd;
# define OPT_MAP_ANON 0
#endif 

#endif /* defined(USE_MMAP) || defined(USE_MUNMAP) */

#if defined(USE_MMAP)
/* Tested only under Linux, IRIX5 and Solaris 2 */

#ifndef HEAP_START
#   define HEAP_START 0
#endif

ptr_t GC_unix_get_mem(bytes)
word bytes;
{
    void *result;
    static ptr_t last_addr = HEAP_START;

#   ifndef USE_MMAP_ANON
      static GC_bool initialized = FALSE;

      if (!initialized) {
          zero_fd = open("/dev/zero", O_RDONLY);
          fcntl(zero_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
          initialized = TRUE;
      }
#   endif

    if (bytes & (GC_page_size -1)) ABORT("Bad GET_MEM arg");
    result = mmap(last_addr, bytes, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | OPT_PROT_EXEC,
                  GC_MMAP_FLAGS | OPT_MAP_ANON, zero_fd, 0/* offset */);
    if (result == MAP_FAILED) return(0);
    last_addr = (ptr_t)result + bytes + GC_page_size - 1;
    last_addr = (ptr_t)((word)last_addr & ~(GC_page_size - 1));
#   if !defined(LINUX)
      if (last_addr == 0) {
        /* Oops.  We got the end of the address space.  This isn't      */
        /* usable by arbitrary C code, since one-past-end pointers      */
        /* don't work, so we discard it and try again.                  */
        munmap(result, (size_t)(-GC_page_size) - (size_t)result);
                        /* Leave last page mapped, so we can't repeat. */
        return GC_unix_get_mem(bytes);
      }
#   else
      GC_ASSERT(last_addr != 0);
#   endif
    return((ptr_t)result);
}

#else /* Not RS6000, not USE_MMAP */
ptr_t GC_unix_get_mem(bytes)
word bytes;
{
  ptr_t result;
# ifdef IRIX5
    /* Bare sbrk isn't thread safe.  Play by malloc rules.      */
    /* The equivalent may be needed on other systems as well.   */
    __LOCK_MALLOC();
# endif
  {
    ptr_t cur_brk = (ptr_t)sbrk(0);
    SBRK_ARG_T lsbs = (word)cur_brk & (GC_page_size-1);
    
    if ((SBRK_ARG_T)bytes < 0) return(0); /* too big */
    if (lsbs != 0) {
        if((ptr_t)sbrk(GC_page_size - lsbs) == (ptr_t)(-1)) return(0);
    }
    result = (ptr_t)sbrk((SBRK_ARG_T)bytes);
    if (result == (ptr_t)(-1)) result = 0;
  }
# ifdef IRIX5
    __UNLOCK_MALLOC();
# endif
  return(result);
}

#endif /* Not USE_MMAP */
#endif /* Not RS6000 */

# endif /* UN*X */

# ifdef OS2

void * os2_alloc(size_t bytes)
{
    void * result;

    if (DosAllocMem(&result, bytes, PAG_EXECUTE | PAG_READ |
                                    PAG_WRITE | PAG_COMMIT)
                    != NO_ERROR) {
        return(0);
    }
    if (result == 0) return(os2_alloc(bytes));
    return(result);
}

# endif /* OS2 */


# if defined(MSWIN32) || defined(MSWINCE) || defined(CYGWIN32)
SYSTEM_INFO GC_sysinfo;
# endif

# if defined(MSWIN32) || defined(CYGWIN32)

word GC_n_heap_bases = 0;

# ifdef USE_GLOBAL_ALLOC
#   define GLOBAL_ALLOC_TEST 1
# else
#   define GLOBAL_ALLOC_TEST GC_no_win32_dlls
# endif

ptr_t GC_win32_get_mem(bytes)
word bytes;
{
    ptr_t result;

# ifdef CYGWIN32
    result = GC_unix_get_mem (bytes);
# else
    if (GLOBAL_ALLOC_TEST) {
        /* VirtualAlloc doesn't like PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE.    */
        /* There are also unconfirmed rumors of other           */
        /* problems, so we dodge the issue.                     */
        result = (ptr_t) GlobalAlloc(0, bytes + HBLKSIZE);
        result = (ptr_t)(((word)result + HBLKSIZE) & ~(HBLKSIZE-1));
    } else {
        /* VirtualProtect only works on regions returned by a   */
        /* single VirtualAlloc call.  Thus we allocate one      */
        /* extra page, which will prevent merging of blocks     */
        /* in separate regions, and eliminate any temptation    */
        /* to call VirtualProtect on a range spanning regions.  */
        /* This wastes a small amount of memory, and risks      */
        /* increased fragmentation.  But better alternatives    */
        /* would require effort.                                */
        result = (ptr_t) VirtualAlloc(NULL, bytes + 1,
                                      MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE,
                                      PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);
    }
#endif
    if (HBLKDISPL(result) != 0) ABORT("Bad VirtualAlloc result");
        /* If I read the documentation correctly, this can      */
        /* only happen if HBLKSIZE > 64k or not a power of 2.   */
    if (GC_n_heap_bases >= MAX_HEAP_SECTS) ABORT("Too many heap sections");
    GC_heap_bases[GC_n_heap_bases++] = result;
    return(result);                       
}

void GC_win32_free_heap ()
{
    if (GC_no_win32_dlls) {
        while (GC_n_heap_bases > 0) {
# ifdef CYGWIN32
            free (GC_heap_bases[--GC_n_heap_bases]);
# else
            GlobalFree (GC_heap_bases[--GC_n_heap_bases]);
# endif
            GC_heap_bases[GC_n_heap_bases] = 0;
        }
    }
}
# endif

#ifdef AMIGA
# define GC_AMIGA_AM
# include "AmigaOS.c"
# undef GC_AMIGA_AM
#endif


# ifdef MSWINCE
word GC_n_heap_bases = 0;

ptr_t GC_wince_get_mem(bytes)
word bytes;
{
    ptr_t result;
    word i;

    /* Round up allocation size to multiple of page size */
    bytes = (bytes + GC_page_size-1) & ~(GC_page_size-1);

    /* Try to find reserved, uncommitted pages */
    for (i = 0; i < GC_n_heap_bases; i++) {
        if (((word)(-(signed_word)GC_heap_lengths[i])
             & (GC_sysinfo.dwAllocationGranularity-1))
            >= bytes) {
            result = GC_heap_bases[i] + GC_heap_lengths[i];
            break;
        }
    }

    if (i == GC_n_heap_bases) {
        /* Reserve more pages */
        word res_bytes = (bytes + GC_sysinfo.dwAllocationGranularity-1)
                         & ~(GC_sysinfo.dwAllocationGranularity-1);
        /* If we ever support MPROTECT_VDB here, we will probably need to       */
        /* ensure that res_bytes is strictly > bytes, so that VirtualProtect    */
        /* never spans regions.  It seems to be OK for a VirtualFree argument   */
        /* to span regions, so we should be OK for now.                         */
        result = (ptr_t) VirtualAlloc(NULL, res_bytes,
                                      MEM_RESERVE | MEM_TOP_DOWN,
                                      PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);
        if (HBLKDISPL(result) != 0) ABORT("Bad VirtualAlloc result");
            /* If I read the documentation correctly, this can  */
            /* only happen if HBLKSIZE > 64k or not a power of 2.       */
        if (GC_n_heap_bases >= MAX_HEAP_SECTS) ABORT("Too many heap sections");
        GC_heap_bases[GC_n_heap_bases] = result;
        GC_heap_lengths[GC_n_heap_bases] = 0;
        GC_n_heap_bases++;
    }

    /* Commit pages */
    result = (ptr_t) VirtualAlloc(result, bytes,
                                  MEM_COMMIT,
                                  PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);
    if (result != NULL) {
        if (HBLKDISPL(result) != 0) ABORT("Bad VirtualAlloc result");
        GC_heap_lengths[i] += bytes;
    }

    return(result);                       
}
# endif

#ifdef USE_MUNMAP

/* For now, this only works on Win32/WinCE and some Unix-like   */
/* systems.  If you have something else, don't define           */
/* USE_MUNMAP.                                                  */
/* We assume ANSI C to support this feature.                    */

#if !defined(MSWIN32) && !defined(MSWINCE)

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#endif

/* Compute a page aligned starting address for the unmap        */
/* operation on a block of size bytes starting at start.        */
/* Return 0 if the block is too small to make this feasible.    */
ptr_t GC_unmap_start(ptr_t start, word bytes)
{
    ptr_t result = start;
    /* Round start to next page boundary.       */
        result += GC_page_size - 1;
        result = (ptr_t)((word)result & ~(GC_page_size - 1));
    if (result + GC_page_size > start + bytes) return 0;
    return result;
}

/* Compute end address for an unmap operation on the indicated  */
/* block.                                                       */
ptr_t GC_unmap_end(ptr_t start, word bytes)
{
    ptr_t end_addr = start + bytes;
    end_addr = (ptr_t)((word)end_addr & ~(GC_page_size - 1));
    return end_addr;
}

/* Under Win32/WinCE we commit (map) and decommit (unmap)       */
/* memory using VirtualAlloc and VirtualFree.  These functions  */
/* work on individual allocations of virtual memory, made       */
/* previously using VirtualAlloc with the MEM_RESERVE flag.     */
/* The ranges we need to (de)commit may span several of these   */
/* allocations; therefore we use VirtualQuery to check          */
/* allocation lengths, and split up the range as necessary.     */

/* We assume that GC_remap is called on exactly the same range  */
/* as a previous call to GC_unmap.  It is safe to consistently  */
/* round the endpoints in both places.                          */
void GC_unmap(ptr_t start, word bytes)
{
    ptr_t start_addr = GC_unmap_start(start, bytes);
    ptr_t end_addr = GC_unmap_end(start, bytes);
    word len = end_addr - start_addr;
    if (0 == start_addr) return;
#   if defined(MSWIN32) || defined(MSWINCE)
      while (len != 0) {
          MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION mem_info;
          GC_word free_len;
          if (VirtualQuery(start_addr, &mem_info, sizeof(mem_info))
              != sizeof(mem_info))
              ABORT("Weird VirtualQuery result");
          free_len = (len < mem_info.RegionSize) ? len : mem_info.RegionSize;
          if (!VirtualFree(start_addr, free_len, MEM_DECOMMIT))
              ABORT("VirtualFree failed");
          GC_unmapped_bytes += free_len;
          start_addr += free_len;
          len -= free_len;
      }
#   else
      /* We immediately remap it to prevent an intervening mmap from    */
      /* accidentally grabbing the same address space.                  */
      {
        void * result;
        result = mmap(start_addr, len, PROT_NONE,
                      MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_FIXED | OPT_MAP_ANON,
                      zero_fd, 0/* offset */);
        if (result != (void *)start_addr) ABORT("mmap(...PROT_NONE...) failed");
      }
      GC_unmapped_bytes += len;
#   endif
}


void GC_remap(ptr_t start, word bytes)
{
    ptr_t start_addr = GC_unmap_start(start, bytes);
    ptr_t end_addr = GC_unmap_end(start, bytes);
    word len = end_addr - start_addr;

#   if defined(MSWIN32) || defined(MSWINCE)
      ptr_t result;

      if (0 == start_addr) return;
      while (len != 0) {
          MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION mem_info;
          GC_word alloc_len;
          if (VirtualQuery(start_addr, &mem_info, sizeof(mem_info))
              != sizeof(mem_info))
              ABORT("Weird VirtualQuery result");
          alloc_len = (len < mem_info.RegionSize) ? len : mem_info.RegionSize;
          result = VirtualAlloc(start_addr, alloc_len,
                                MEM_COMMIT,
                                PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);
          if (result != start_addr) {
              ABORT("VirtualAlloc remapping failed");
          }
          GC_unmapped_bytes -= alloc_len;
          start_addr += alloc_len;
          len -= alloc_len;
      }
#   else
      /* It was already remapped with PROT_NONE. */
      int result; 

      if (0 == start_addr) return;
      result = mprotect(start_addr, len,
                        PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | OPT_PROT_EXEC);
      if (result != 0) {
          GC_err_printf3(
                "Mprotect failed at 0x%lx (length %ld) with errno %ld\n",
                start_addr, len, errno);
          ABORT("Mprotect remapping failed");
      }
      GC_unmapped_bytes -= len;
#   endif
}

/* Two adjacent blocks have already been unmapped and are about to      */
/* be merged.  Unmap the whole block.  This typically requires          */
/* that we unmap a small section in the middle that was not previously  */
/* unmapped due to alignment constraints.                               */
void GC_unmap_gap(ptr_t start1, word bytes1, ptr_t start2, word bytes2)
{
    ptr_t start1_addr = GC_unmap_start(start1, bytes1);
    ptr_t end1_addr = GC_unmap_end(start1, bytes1);
    ptr_t start2_addr = GC_unmap_start(start2, bytes2);
    ptr_t end2_addr = GC_unmap_end(start2, bytes2);
    ptr_t start_addr = end1_addr;
    ptr_t end_addr = start2_addr;
    word len;
    GC_ASSERT(start1 + bytes1 == start2);
    if (0 == start1_addr) start_addr = GC_unmap_start(start1, bytes1 + bytes2);
    if (0 == start2_addr) end_addr = GC_unmap_end(start1, bytes1 + bytes2);
    if (0 == start_addr) return;
    len = end_addr - start_addr;
#   if defined(MSWIN32) || defined(MSWINCE)
      while (len != 0) {
          MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION mem_info;
          GC_word free_len;
          if (VirtualQuery(start_addr, &mem_info, sizeof(mem_info))
              != sizeof(mem_info))
              ABORT("Weird VirtualQuery result");
          free_len = (len < mem_info.RegionSize) ? len : mem_info.RegionSize;
          if (!VirtualFree(start_addr, free_len, MEM_DECOMMIT))
              ABORT("VirtualFree failed");
          GC_unmapped_bytes += free_len;
          start_addr += free_len;
          len -= free_len;
      }
#   else
      if (len != 0 && munmap(start_addr, len) != 0) ABORT("munmap failed");
      GC_unmapped_bytes += len;
#   endif
}

#endif /* USE_MUNMAP */

/* Routine for pushing any additional roots.  In THREADS        */
/* environment, this is also responsible for marking from       */
/* thread stacks.                                               */
#ifndef THREADS
void (*GC_push_other_roots)() = 0;
#else /* THREADS */

# ifdef PCR
PCR_ERes GC_push_thread_stack(PCR_Th_T *t, PCR_Any dummy)
{
    struct PCR_ThCtl_TInfoRep info;
    PCR_ERes result;
    
    info.ti_stkLow = info.ti_stkHi = 0;
    result = PCR_ThCtl_GetInfo(t, &info);
    GC_push_all_stack((ptr_t)(info.ti_stkLow), (ptr_t)(info.ti_stkHi));
    return(result);
}

/* Push the contents of an old object. We treat this as stack   */
/* data only becasue that makes it robust against mark stack    */
/* overflow.                                                    */
PCR_ERes GC_push_old_obj(void *p, size_t size, PCR_Any data)
{
    GC_push_all_stack((ptr_t)p, (ptr_t)p + size);
    return(PCR_ERes_okay);
}


void GC_default_push_other_roots GC_PROTO((void))
{
    /* Traverse data allocated by previous memory managers.             */
        {
          extern struct PCR_MM_ProcsRep * GC_old_allocator;
          
          if ((*(GC_old_allocator->mmp_enumerate))(PCR_Bool_false,
                                                   GC_push_old_obj, 0)
              != PCR_ERes_okay) {
              ABORT("Old object enumeration failed");
          }
        }
    /* Traverse all thread stacks. */
        if (PCR_ERes_IsErr(
                PCR_ThCtl_ApplyToAllOtherThreads(GC_push_thread_stack,0))
              || PCR_ERes_IsErr(GC_push_thread_stack(PCR_Th_CurrThread(), 0))) {
              ABORT("Thread stack marking failed\n");
        }
}

# endif /* PCR */

# ifdef SRC_M3

# ifdef ALL_INTERIOR_POINTERS
    --> misconfigured
# endif

void GC_push_thread_structures GC_PROTO((void))
{
    /* Not our responsibibility. */
}

extern void ThreadF__ProcessStacks();

void GC_push_thread_stack(start, stop)
word start, stop;
{
   GC_push_all_stack((ptr_t)start, (ptr_t)stop + sizeof(word));
}

/* Push routine with M3 specific calling convention. */
GC_m3_push_root(dummy1, p, dummy2, dummy3)
word *p;
ptr_t dummy1, dummy2;
int dummy3;
{
    word q = *p;
    
    GC_PUSH_ONE_STACK(q, p);
}

/* M3 set equivalent to RTHeap.TracedRefTypes */
typedef struct { int elts[1]; }  RefTypeSet;
RefTypeSet GC_TracedRefTypes = {{0x1}};

void GC_default_push_other_roots GC_PROTO((void))
{
    /* Use the M3 provided routine for finding static roots.     */
    /* This is a bit dubious, since it presumes no C roots.      */
    /* We handle the collector roots explicitly in GC_push_roots */
        RTMain__GlobalMapProc(GC_m3_push_root, 0, GC_TracedRefTypes);
        if (GC_words_allocd > 0) {
            ThreadF__ProcessStacks(GC_push_thread_stack);
        }
        /* Otherwise this isn't absolutely necessary, and we have       */
        /* startup ordering problems.                                   */
}

# endif /* SRC_M3 */

# if defined(GC_SOLARIS_THREADS) || defined(GC_PTHREADS) || \
     defined(GC_WIN32_THREADS)

extern void GC_push_all_stacks();

void GC_default_push_other_roots GC_PROTO((void))
{
    GC_push_all_stacks();
}

# endif /* GC_SOLARIS_THREADS || GC_PTHREADS */

void (*GC_push_other_roots) GC_PROTO((void)) = GC_default_push_other_roots;

#endif /* THREADS */

/*
 * Routines for accessing dirty  bits on virtual pages.
 * We plan to eventually implement four strategies for doing so:
 * DEFAULT_VDB: A simple dummy implementation that treats every page
 *              as possibly dirty.  This makes incremental collection
 *              useless, but the implementation is still correct.
 * PCR_VDB:     Use PPCRs virtual dirty bit facility.
 * PROC_VDB:    Use the /proc facility for reading dirty bits.  Only
 *              works under some SVR4 variants.  Even then, it may be
 *              too slow to be entirely satisfactory.  Requires reading
 *              dirty bits for entire address space.  Implementations tend
 *              to assume that the client is a (slow) debugger.
 * MPROTECT_VDB:Protect pages and then catch the faults to keep track of
 *              dirtied pages.  The implementation (and implementability)
 *              is highly system dependent.  This usually fails when system
 *              calls write to a protected page.  We prevent the read system
 *              call from doing so.  It is the clients responsibility to
 *              make sure that other system calls are similarly protected
 *              or write only to the stack.
 */
GC_bool GC_dirty_maintained = FALSE;

# ifdef DEFAULT_VDB

/* All of the following assume the allocation lock is held, and */
/* signals are disabled.                                        */

/* The client asserts that unallocated pages in the heap are never      */
/* written.                                                             */

/* Initialize virtual dirty bit implementation.                 */
void GC_dirty_init()
{
#   ifdef PRINTSTATS
      GC_printf0("Initializing DEFAULT_VDB...\n");
#   endif
    GC_dirty_maintained = TRUE;
}

/* Retrieve system dirty bits for heap to a local buffer.       */
/* Restore the systems notion of which pages are dirty.         */
void GC_read_dirty()
{}

/* Is the HBLKSIZE sized page at h marked dirty in the local buffer?    */
/* If the actual page size is different, this returns TRUE if any       */
/* of the pages overlapping h are dirty.  This routine may err on the   */
/* side of labelling pages as dirty (and this implementation does).     */
/*ARGSUSED*/
GC_bool GC_page_was_dirty(h)
struct hblk *h;
{
    return(TRUE);
}

/*
 * The following two routines are typically less crucial.  They matter
 * most with large dynamic libraries, or if we can't accurately identify
 * stacks, e.g. under Solaris 2.X.  Otherwise the following default
 * versions are adequate.
 */
 
/* Could any valid GC heap pointer ever have been written to this page? */
/*ARGSUSED*/
GC_bool GC_page_was_ever_dirty(h)
struct hblk *h;
{
    return(TRUE);
}

/* Reset the n pages starting at h to "was never dirty" status. */
void GC_is_fresh(h, n)
struct hblk *h;
word n;
{
}

/* A call that:                                         */
/* I) hints that [h, h+nblocks) is about to be written. */
/* II) guarantees that protection is removed.           */
/* (I) may speed up some dirty bit implementations.     */
/* (II) may be essential if we need to ensure that      */
/* pointer-free system call buffers in the heap are     */
/* not protected.                                       */
/*ARGSUSED*/
void GC_remove_protection(h, nblocks, is_ptrfree)
struct hblk *h;
word nblocks;
GC_bool is_ptrfree;
{
}

# endif /* DEFAULT_VDB */


# ifdef MPROTECT_VDB

/*
 * See DEFAULT_VDB for interface descriptions.
 */

/*
 * This implementation maintains dirty bits itself by catching write
 * faults and keeping track of them.  We assume nobody else catches
 * SIGBUS or SIGSEGV.  We assume no write faults occur in system calls.
 * This means that clients must ensure that system calls don't write
 * to the write-protected heap.  Probably the best way to do this is to
 * ensure that system calls write at most to POINTERFREE objects in the
 * heap, and do even that only if we are on a platform on which those
 * are not protected.  Another alternative is to wrap system calls
 * (see example for read below), but the current implementation holds
 * a lock across blocking calls, making it problematic for multithreaded
 * applications. 
 * We assume the page size is a multiple of HBLKSIZE.
 * We prefer them to be the same.  We avoid protecting POINTERFREE
 * objects only if they are the same.
 */

# if !defined(MSWIN32) && !defined(MSWINCE) && !defined(DARWIN)

#   include <sys/mman.h>
#   include <signal.h>
#   include <sys/syscall.h>

#   define PROTECT(addr, len) \
          if (mprotect((caddr_t)(addr), (size_t)(len), \
                       PROT_READ | OPT_PROT_EXEC) < 0) { \
            ABORT("mprotect failed"); \
          }
#   define UNPROTECT(addr, len) \
          if (mprotect((caddr_t)(addr), (size_t)(len), \
                       PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ | OPT_PROT_EXEC ) < 0) { \
            ABORT("un-mprotect failed"); \
          }
          
# else

# ifdef DARWIN
    /* Using vm_protect (mach syscall) over mprotect (BSD syscall) seems to
       decrease the likelihood of some of the problems described below. */
    #include <mach/vm_map.h>
    static mach_port_t GC_task_self;
    #define PROTECT(addr,len) \
        if(vm_protect(GC_task_self,(vm_address_t)(addr),(vm_size_t)(len), \
                FALSE,VM_PROT_READ) != KERN_SUCCESS) { \
            ABORT("vm_portect failed"); \
        }
    #define UNPROTECT(addr,len) \
        if(vm_protect(GC_task_self,(vm_address_t)(addr),(vm_size_t)(len), \
                FALSE,VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_WRITE) != KERN_SUCCESS) { \
            ABORT("vm_portect failed"); \
        }
# else
    
#   ifndef MSWINCE
#     include <signal.h>
#   endif

    static DWORD protect_junk;
#   define PROTECT(addr, len) \
          if (!VirtualProtect((addr), (len), PAGE_EXECUTE_READ, \
                              &protect_junk)) { \
            DWORD last_error = GetLastError(); \
            GC_printf1("Last error code: %lx\n", last_error); \
            ABORT("VirtualProtect failed"); \
          }
#   define UNPROTECT(addr, len) \
          if (!VirtualProtect((addr), (len), PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, \
                              &protect_junk)) { \
            ABORT("un-VirtualProtect failed"); \
          }
# endif /* !DARWIN */
# endif /* MSWIN32 || MSWINCE || DARWIN */

#if defined(SUNOS4) || (defined(FREEBSD) && !defined(SUNOS5SIGS))
    typedef void (* SIG_PF)();
#endif /* SUNOS4 || (FREEBSD && !SUNOS5SIGS) */

#if defined(SUNOS5SIGS) || defined(OSF1) || defined(LINUX) \
    || defined(HURD)
# ifdef __STDC__
    typedef void (* SIG_PF)(int);
# else
    typedef void (* SIG_PF)();
# endif
#endif /* SUNOS5SIGS || OSF1 || LINUX || HURD */

#if defined(MSWIN32)
    typedef LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER SIG_PF;
#   undef SIG_DFL
#   define SIG_DFL (LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER) (-1)
#endif
#if defined(MSWINCE)
    typedef LONG (WINAPI *SIG_PF)(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *);
#   undef SIG_DFL
#   define SIG_DFL (SIG_PF) (-1)
#endif

#if defined(IRIX5) || defined(OSF1) || defined(HURD)
    typedef void (* REAL_SIG_PF)(int, int, struct sigcontext *);
#endif /* IRIX5 || OSF1 || HURD */

#if defined(SUNOS5SIGS)
# if defined(HPUX) || defined(FREEBSD)
#   define SIGINFO_T siginfo_t
# else
#   define SIGINFO_T struct siginfo
# endif
# ifdef __STDC__
    typedef void (* REAL_SIG_PF)(int, SIGINFO_T *, void *);
# else
    typedef void (* REAL_SIG_PF)();
# endif
#endif /* SUNOS5SIGS */

#if defined(LINUX)
#   if __GLIBC__ > 2 || __GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 2
      typedef struct sigcontext s_c;
#   else  /* glibc < 2.2 */
#     include <linux/version.h>
#     if (LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= 0x20100) && !defined(M68K) || defined(ALPHA) || defined(ARM32)
        typedef struct sigcontext s_c;
#     else
        typedef struct sigcontext_struct s_c;
#     endif
#   endif  /* glibc < 2.2 */
#   if defined(ALPHA) || defined(M68K)
      typedef void (* REAL_SIG_PF)(int, int, s_c *);
#   else
#     if defined(IA64) || defined(HP_PA) || defined(X86_64)
        typedef void (* REAL_SIG_PF)(int, siginfo_t *, s_c *);
        /* FIXME:                                                 */
        /* According to SUSV3, the last argument should have type */
        /* void * or ucontext_t *                                 */
#     else
        typedef void (* REAL_SIG_PF)(int, s_c);
#     endif
#   endif
#   ifdef ALPHA
    /* Retrieve fault address from sigcontext structure by decoding     */
    /* instruction.                                                     */
    char * get_fault_addr(s_c *sc) {
        unsigned instr;
        word faultaddr;

        instr = *((unsigned *)(sc->sc_pc));
        faultaddr = sc->sc_regs[(instr >> 16) & 0x1f];
        faultaddr += (word) (((int)instr << 16) >> 16);
        return (char *)faultaddr;
    }
#   endif /* !ALPHA */
# endif /* LINUX */

#ifndef DARWIN
SIG_PF GC_old_bus_handler;
SIG_PF GC_old_segv_handler;     /* Also old MSWIN32 ACCESS_VIOLATION filter */
#endif /* !DARWIN */

#if defined(THREADS)
/* We need to lock around the bitmap update in the write fault handler  */
/* in order to avoid the risk of losing a bit.  We do this with a       */
/* test-and-set spin lock if we know how to do that.  Otherwise we      */
/* check whether we are already in the handler and use the dumb but     */
/* safe fallback algorithm of setting all bits in the word.             */
/* Contention should be very rare, so we do the minimum to handle it    */
/* correctly.                                                           */
#ifdef GC_TEST_AND_SET_DEFINED
  static VOLATILE unsigned int fault_handler_lock = 0;
  void async_set_pht_entry_from_index(VOLATILE page_hash_table db, int index) {
    while (GC_test_and_set(&fault_handler_lock)) {}
    /* Could also revert to set_pht_entry_from_index_safe if initial    */
    /* GC_test_and_set fails.                                           */
    set_pht_entry_from_index(db, index);
    GC_clear(&fault_handler_lock);
  }
#else /* !GC_TEST_AND_SET_DEFINED */
  /* THIS IS INCORRECT! The dirty bit vector may be temporarily wrong,  */
  /* just before we notice the conflict and correct it. We may end up   */
  /* looking at it while it's wrong.  But this requires contention      */
  /* exactly when a GC is triggered, which seems far less likely to     */
  /* fail than the old code, which had no reported failures.  Thus we   */
  /* leave it this way while we think of something better, or support   */
  /* GC_test_and_set on the remaining platforms.                        */
  static VOLATILE word currently_updating = 0;
  void async_set_pht_entry_from_index(VOLATILE page_hash_table db, int index) {
    unsigned int update_dummy;
    currently_updating = (word)(&update_dummy);
    set_pht_entry_from_index(db, index);
    /* If we get contention in the 10 or so instruction window here,    */
    /* and we get stopped by a GC between the two updates, we lose!     */
    if (currently_updating != (word)(&update_dummy)) {
        set_pht_entry_from_index_safe(db, index);
        /* We claim that if two threads concurrently try to update the  */
        /* dirty bit vector, the first one to execute UPDATE_START      */
        /* will see it changed when UPDATE_END is executed.  (Note that */
        /* &update_dummy must differ in two distinct threads.)  It      */
        /* will then execute set_pht_entry_from_index_safe, thus        */
        /* returning us to a safe state, though not soon enough.        */
    }
  }
#endif /* !GC_TEST_AND_SET_DEFINED */
#else /* !THREADS */
# define async_set_pht_entry_from_index(db, index) \
        set_pht_entry_from_index(db, index)
#endif /* !THREADS */

/*ARGSUSED*/
#if !defined(DARWIN)
# if defined (SUNOS4) || (defined(FREEBSD) && !defined(SUNOS5SIGS))
    void GC_write_fault_handler(sig, code, scp, addr)
    int sig, code;
    struct sigcontext *scp;
    char * addr;
#   ifdef SUNOS4
#     define SIG_OK (sig == SIGSEGV || sig == SIGBUS)
#     define CODE_OK (FC_CODE(code) == FC_PROT \
                    || (FC_CODE(code) == FC_OBJERR \
                       && FC_ERRNO(code) == FC_PROT))
#   endif
#   ifdef FREEBSD
#     define SIG_OK (sig == SIGBUS)
#     define CODE_OK TRUE
#   endif
# endif /* SUNOS4 || (FREEBSD && !SUNOS5SIGS) */

# if defined(IRIX5) || defined(OSF1) || defined(HURD)
#   include <errno.h>
    void GC_write_fault_handler(int sig, int code, struct sigcontext *scp)
#   ifdef OSF1
#     define SIG_OK (sig == SIGSEGV)
#     define CODE_OK (code == 2 /* experimentally determined */)
#   endif
#   ifdef IRIX5
#     define SIG_OK (sig == SIGSEGV)
#     define CODE_OK (code == EACCES)
#   endif
#   ifdef HURD
#     define SIG_OK (sig == SIGBUS || sig == SIGSEGV)   
#     define CODE_OK  TRUE
#   endif
# endif /* IRIX5 || OSF1 || HURD */

# if defined(LINUX)
#   if defined(ALPHA) || defined(M68K)
      void GC_write_fault_handler(int sig, int code, s_c * sc)
#   else
#     if defined(IA64) || defined(HP_PA) || defined(X86_64)
        void GC_write_fault_handler(int sig, siginfo_t * si, s_c * scp)
#     else
#       if defined(ARM32)
          void GC_write_fault_handler(int sig, int a2, int a3, int a4, s_c sc)
#       else
          void GC_write_fault_handler(int sig, s_c sc)
#       endif
#     endif
#   endif
#   define SIG_OK (sig == SIGSEGV)
#   define CODE_OK TRUE
        /* Empirically c.trapno == 14, on IA32, but is that useful?     */
        /* Should probably consider alignment issues on other           */
        /* architectures.                                               */
# endif /* LINUX */

# if defined(SUNOS5SIGS)
#  ifdef __STDC__
    void GC_write_fault_handler(int sig, SIGINFO_T *scp, void * context)
#  else
    void GC_write_fault_handler(sig, scp, context)
    int sig;
    SIGINFO_T *scp;
    void * context;
#  endif
#   ifdef HPUX
#     define SIG_OK (sig == SIGSEGV || sig == SIGBUS)
#     define CODE_OK (scp -> si_code == SEGV_ACCERR) \
                     || (scp -> si_code == BUS_ADRERR) \
                     || (scp -> si_code == BUS_UNKNOWN) \
                     || (scp -> si_code == SEGV_UNKNOWN) \
                     || (scp -> si_code == BUS_OBJERR)
#   else
#     ifdef FREEBSD
#       define SIG_OK (sig == SIGBUS)
#       define CODE_OK (scp -> si_code == BUS_PAGE_FAULT)
#     else
#       define SIG_OK (sig == SIGSEGV)
#       define CODE_OK (scp -> si_code == SEGV_ACCERR)
#     endif
#   endif    
# endif /* SUNOS5SIGS */

# if defined(MSWIN32) || defined(MSWINCE)
    LONG WINAPI GC_write_fault_handler(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *exc_info)
#   define SIG_OK (exc_info -> ExceptionRecord -> ExceptionCode == \
                        STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION)
#   define CODE_OK (exc_info -> ExceptionRecord -> ExceptionInformation[0] == 1)
                        /* Write fault */
# endif /* MSWIN32 || MSWINCE */
{
    register unsigned i;
#   if defined(HURD) 
        char *addr = (char *) code;
#   endif
#   ifdef IRIX5
        char * addr = (char *) (size_t) (scp -> sc_badvaddr);
#   endif
#   if defined(OSF1) && defined(ALPHA)
        char * addr = (char *) (scp -> sc_traparg_a0);
#   endif
#   ifdef SUNOS5SIGS
        char * addr = (char *) (scp -> si_addr);
#   endif
#   ifdef LINUX
#     if defined(I386)
        char * addr = (char *) (sc.cr2);
#     else
#       if defined(M68K)
          char * addr = NULL;

          struct sigcontext *scp = (struct sigcontext *)(sc);

          int format = (scp->sc_formatvec >> 12) & 0xf;
          unsigned long *framedata = (unsigned long *)(scp + 1); 
          unsigned long ea;

          if (format == 0xa || format == 0xb) {
                /* 68020/030 */
                ea = framedata[2];
          } else if (format == 7) {
                /* 68040 */
                ea = framedata[3];
                if (framedata[1] & 0x08000000) {
                        /* correct addr on misaligned access */
                        ea = (ea+4095)&(~4095);
                }
          } else if (format == 4) {
                /* 68060 */
                ea = framedata[0];
                if (framedata[1] & 0x08000000) {
                        /* correct addr on misaligned access */
                        ea = (ea+4095)&(~4095);
                }
          }     
          addr = (char *)ea;
#       else
#         ifdef ALPHA
            char * addr = get_fault_addr(sc);
#         else
#           if defined(IA64) || defined(HP_PA) || defined(X86_64)
              char * addr = si -> si_addr;
              /* I believe this is claimed to work on all platforms for */
              /* Linux 2.3.47 and later.  Hopefully we don't have to    */
              /* worry about earlier kernels on IA64.                   */
#           else
#             if defined(POWERPC)
                char * addr = (char *) (sc.regs->dar);
#             else
#               if defined(ARM32)
                  char * addr = (char *)sc.fault_address;
#               else
#                 if defined(CRIS)
                    char * addr = (char *)sc.regs.csraddr;
#                 else
                    --> architecture not supported
#                 endif
#               endif
#             endif
#           endif
#         endif
#       endif
#     endif
#   endif
#   if defined(MSWIN32) || defined(MSWINCE)
        char * addr = (char *) (exc_info -> ExceptionRecord
                                -> ExceptionInformation[1]);
#       define sig SIGSEGV
#   endif
    
    if (SIG_OK && CODE_OK) {
        register struct hblk * h =
                        (struct hblk *)((word)addr & ~(GC_page_size-1));
        GC_bool in_allocd_block;
        
#       ifdef SUNOS5SIGS
            /* Address is only within the correct physical page.        */
            in_allocd_block = FALSE;
            for (i = 0; i < divHBLKSZ(GC_page_size); i++) {
              if (HDR(h+i) != 0) {
                in_allocd_block = TRUE;
              }
            }
#       else
            in_allocd_block = (HDR(addr) != 0);
#       endif
        if (!in_allocd_block) {
            /* FIXME - We should make sure that we invoke the   */
            /* old handler with the appropriate calling         */
            /* sequence, which often depends on SA_SIGINFO.     */

            /* Heap blocks now begin and end on page boundaries */
            SIG_PF old_handler;
            
            if (sig == SIGSEGV) {
                old_handler = GC_old_segv_handler;
            } else {
                old_handler = GC_old_bus_handler;
            }
            if (old_handler == SIG_DFL) {
#               if !defined(MSWIN32) && !defined(MSWINCE)
                    GC_err_printf1("Segfault at 0x%lx\n", addr);
                    ABORT("Unexpected bus error or segmentation fault");
#               else
                    return(EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH);
#               endif
            } else {
#               if defined (SUNOS4) \
                    || (defined(FREEBSD) && !defined(SUNOS5SIGS))
                    (*old_handler) (sig, code, scp, addr);
                    return;
#               endif
#               if defined (SUNOS5SIGS)
                    /*
                     * FIXME: For FreeBSD, this code should check if the 
                     * old signal handler used the traditional BSD style and
                     * if so call it using that style.
                     */
                    (*(REAL_SIG_PF)old_handler) (sig, scp, context);
                    return;
#               endif
#               if defined (LINUX)
#                   if defined(ALPHA) || defined(M68K)
                        (*(REAL_SIG_PF)old_handler) (sig, code, sc);
#                   else 
#                     if defined(IA64) || defined(HP_PA) || defined(X86_64)
                        (*(REAL_SIG_PF)old_handler) (sig, si, scp);
#                     else
                        (*(REAL_SIG_PF)old_handler) (sig, sc);
#                     endif
#                   endif
                    return;
#               endif
#               if defined (IRIX5) || defined(OSF1) || defined(HURD)
                    (*(REAL_SIG_PF)old_handler) (sig, code, scp);
                    return;
#               endif
#               ifdef MSWIN32
                    return((*old_handler)(exc_info));
#               endif
            }
        }
        UNPROTECT(h, GC_page_size);
        /* We need to make sure that no collection occurs between       */
        /* the UNPROTECT and the setting of the dirty bit.  Otherwise   */
        /* a write by a third thread might go unnoticed.  Reversing     */
        /* the order is just as bad, since we would end up unprotecting */
        /* a page in a GC cycle during which it's not marked.           */
        /* Currently we do this by disabling the thread stopping        */
        /* signals while this handler is running.  An alternative might */
        /* be to record the fact that we're about to unprotect, or      */
        /* have just unprotected a page in the GC's thread structure,   */
        /* and then to have the thread stopping code set the dirty      */
        /* flag, if necessary.                                          */
        for (i = 0; i < divHBLKSZ(GC_page_size); i++) {
            register int index = PHT_HASH(h+i);
            
            async_set_pht_entry_from_index(GC_dirty_pages, index);
        }
#       if defined(OSF1)
            /* These reset the signal handler each time by default. */
            signal(SIGSEGV, (SIG_PF) GC_write_fault_handler);
#       endif
        /* The write may not take place before dirty bits are read.     */
        /* But then we'll fault again ...                               */
#       if defined(MSWIN32) || defined(MSWINCE)
            return(EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION);
#       else
            return;
#       endif
    }
#if defined(MSWIN32) || defined(MSWINCE)
    return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
#else
    GC_err_printf1("Segfault at 0x%lx\n", addr);
    ABORT("Unexpected bus error or segmentation fault");
#endif
}
#endif /* !DARWIN */

/*
 * We hold the allocation lock.  We expect block h to be written
 * shortly.  Ensure that all pages containing any part of the n hblks
 * starting at h are no longer protected.  If is_ptrfree is false,
 * also ensure that they will subsequently appear to be dirty.
 */
void GC_remove_protection(h, nblocks, is_ptrfree)
struct hblk *h;
word nblocks;
GC_bool is_ptrfree;
{
    struct hblk * h_trunc;  /* Truncated to page boundary */
    struct hblk * h_end;    /* Page boundary following block end */
    struct hblk * current;
    GC_bool found_clean;
    
    if (!GC_dirty_maintained) return;
    h_trunc = (struct hblk *)((word)h & ~(GC_page_size-1));
    h_end = (struct hblk *)(((word)(h + nblocks) + GC_page_size-1)
                            & ~(GC_page_size-1));
    found_clean = FALSE;
    for (current = h_trunc; current < h_end; ++current) {
        int index = PHT_HASH(current);
            
        if (!is_ptrfree || current < h || current >= h + nblocks) {
            async_set_pht_entry_from_index(GC_dirty_pages, index);
        }
    }
    UNPROTECT(h_trunc, (ptr_t)h_end - (ptr_t)h_trunc);
}

#if !defined(DARWIN)
void GC_dirty_init()
{
#   if defined(SUNOS5SIGS) || defined(IRIX5) || defined(LINUX) || \
       defined(OSF1) || defined(HURD)
      struct sigaction  act, oldact;
      /* We should probably specify SA_SIGINFO for Linux, and handle    */
      /* the different architectures more uniformly.                    */
#     if defined(IRIX5) || defined(LINUX) && !defined(X86_64) \
         || defined(OSF1) || defined(HURD)
        act.sa_flags    = SA_RESTART;
        act.sa_handler  = (SIG_PF)GC_write_fault_handler;
#     else
        act.sa_flags    = SA_RESTART | SA_SIGINFO;
        act.sa_sigaction = GC_write_fault_handler;
#     endif
      (void)sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
#     ifdef SIG_SUSPEND
        /* Arrange to postpone SIG_SUSPEND while we're in a write fault */
        /* handler.  This effectively makes the handler atomic w.r.t.   */
        /* stopping the world for GC.                                   */
        (void)sigaddset(&act.sa_mask, SIG_SUSPEND);
#     endif /* SIG_SUSPEND */
#    endif
#   ifdef PRINTSTATS
        GC_printf0("Inititalizing mprotect virtual dirty bit implementation\n");
#   endif
    GC_dirty_maintained = TRUE;
    if (GC_page_size % HBLKSIZE != 0) {
        GC_err_printf0("Page size not multiple of HBLKSIZE\n");
        ABORT("Page size not multiple of HBLKSIZE");
    }
#   if defined(SUNOS4) || (defined(FREEBSD) && !defined(SUNOS5SIGS))
      GC_old_bus_handler = signal(SIGBUS, GC_write_fault_handler);
      if (GC_old_bus_handler == SIG_IGN) {
        GC_err_printf0("Previously ignored bus error!?");
        GC_old_bus_handler = SIG_DFL;
      }
      if (GC_old_bus_handler != SIG_DFL) {
#       ifdef PRINTSTATS
          GC_err_printf0("Replaced other SIGBUS handler\n");
#       endif
      }
#   endif
#   if defined(SUNOS4)
      GC_old_segv_handler = signal(SIGSEGV, (SIG_PF)GC_write_fault_handler);
      if (GC_old_segv_handler == SIG_IGN) {
        GC_err_printf0("Previously ignored segmentation violation!?");
        GC_old_segv_handler = SIG_DFL;
      }
      if (GC_old_segv_handler != SIG_DFL) {
#       ifdef PRINTSTATS
          GC_err_printf0("Replaced other SIGSEGV handler\n");
#       endif
      }
#   endif
#   if (defined(SUNOS5SIGS) && !defined(FREEBSD)) || defined(IRIX5) \
       || defined(LINUX) || defined(OSF1) || defined(HURD)
      /* SUNOS5SIGS includes HPUX */
#     if defined(GC_IRIX_THREADS)
        sigaction(SIGSEGV, 0, &oldact);
        sigaction(SIGSEGV, &act, 0);
#     else 
        {
          int res = sigaction(SIGSEGV, &act, &oldact);
          if (res != 0) ABORT("Sigaction failed");
        }
#     endif
#     if defined(_sigargs) || defined(HURD) || !defined(SA_SIGINFO)
        /* This is Irix 5.x, not 6.x.  Irix 5.x does not have   */
        /* sa_sigaction.                                        */
        GC_old_segv_handler = oldact.sa_handler;
#     else /* Irix 6.x or SUNOS5SIGS or LINUX */
        if (oldact.sa_flags & SA_SIGINFO) {
          GC_old_segv_handler = (SIG_PF)(oldact.sa_sigaction);
        } else {
          GC_old_segv_handler = oldact.sa_handler;
        }
#     endif
      if (GC_old_segv_handler == SIG_IGN) {
             GC_err_printf0("Previously ignored segmentation violation!?");
             GC_old_segv_handler = SIG_DFL;
      }
      if (GC_old_segv_handler != SIG_DFL) {
#       ifdef PRINTSTATS
          GC_err_printf0("Replaced other SIGSEGV handler\n");
#       endif
      }
#   endif /* (SUNOS5SIGS && !FREEBSD) || IRIX5 || LINUX || OSF1 || HURD */
#   if defined(HPUX) || defined(LINUX) || defined(HURD) \
      || (defined(FREEBSD) && defined(SUNOS5SIGS))
      sigaction(SIGBUS, &act, &oldact);
      GC_old_bus_handler = oldact.sa_handler;
      if (GC_old_bus_handler == SIG_IGN) {
             GC_err_printf0("Previously ignored bus error!?");
             GC_old_bus_handler = SIG_DFL;
      }
      if (GC_old_bus_handler != SIG_DFL) {
#       ifdef PRINTSTATS
          GC_err_printf0("Replaced other SIGBUS handler\n");
#       endif
      }
#   endif /* HPUX || LINUX || HURD || (FREEBSD && SUNOS5SIGS) */
#   if defined(MSWIN32)
      GC_old_segv_handler = SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(GC_write_fault_handler);
      if (GC_old_segv_handler != NULL) {
#       ifdef PRINTSTATS
          GC_err_printf0("Replaced other UnhandledExceptionFilter\n");
#       endif
      } else {
          GC_old_segv_handler = SIG_DFL;
      }
#   endif
}
#endif /* !DARWIN */

int GC_incremental_protection_needs()
{
    if (GC_page_size == HBLKSIZE) {
        return GC_PROTECTS_POINTER_HEAP;
    } else {
        return GC_PROTECTS_POINTER_HEAP | GC_PROTECTS_PTRFREE_HEAP;
    }
}

#define HAVE_INCREMENTAL_PROTECTION_NEEDS

#define IS_PTRFREE(hhdr) ((hhdr)->hb_descr == 0)

#define PAGE_ALIGNED(x) !((word)(x) & (GC_page_size - 1))
void GC_protect_heap()
{
    ptr_t start;
    word len;
    struct hblk * current;
    struct hblk * current_start;  /* Start of block to be protected. */
    struct hblk * limit;
    unsigned i;
    GC_bool protect_all = 
          (0 != (GC_incremental_protection_needs() & GC_PROTECTS_PTRFREE_HEAP));
    for (i = 0; i < GC_n_heap_sects; i++) {
        start = GC_heap_sects[i].hs_start;
        len = GC_heap_sects[i].hs_bytes;
        if (protect_all) {
          PROTECT(start, len);
        } else {
          GC_ASSERT(PAGE_ALIGNED(len))
          GC_ASSERT(PAGE_ALIGNED(start))
          current_start = current = (struct hblk *)start;
          limit = (struct hblk *)(start + len);
          while (current < limit) {
            hdr * hhdr;
            word nhblks;
            GC_bool is_ptrfree;

            GC_ASSERT(PAGE_ALIGNED(current));
            GET_HDR(current, hhdr);
            if (IS_FORWARDING_ADDR_OR_NIL(hhdr)) {
              /* This can happen only if we're at the beginning of a    */
              /* heap segment, and a block spans heap segments.         */
              /* We will handle that block as part of the preceding     */
              /* segment.                                               */
              GC_ASSERT(current_start == current);
              current_start = ++current;
              continue;
            }
            if (HBLK_IS_FREE(hhdr)) {
              GC_ASSERT(PAGE_ALIGNED(hhdr -> hb_sz));
              nhblks = divHBLKSZ(hhdr -> hb_sz);
              is_ptrfree = TRUE;        /* dirty on alloc */
            } else {
              nhblks = OBJ_SZ_TO_BLOCKS(hhdr -> hb_sz);
              is_ptrfree = IS_PTRFREE(hhdr);
            }
            if (is_ptrfree) {
              if (current_start < current) {
                PROTECT(current_start, (ptr_t)current - (ptr_t)current_start);
              }
              current_start = (current += nhblks);
            } else {
              current += nhblks;
            }
          } 
          if (current_start < current) {
            PROTECT(current_start, (ptr_t)current - (ptr_t)current_start);
          }
        }
    }
}

/* We assume that either the world is stopped or its OK to lose dirty   */
/* bits while this is happenning (as in GC_enable_incremental).         */
void GC_read_dirty()
{
    BCOPY((word *)GC_dirty_pages, GC_grungy_pages,
          (sizeof GC_dirty_pages));
    BZERO((word *)GC_dirty_pages, (sizeof GC_dirty_pages));
    GC_protect_heap();
}

GC_bool GC_page_was_dirty(h)
struct hblk * h;
{
    register word index = PHT_HASH(h);
    
    return(HDR(h) == 0 || get_pht_entry_from_index(GC_grungy_pages, index));
}

/*
 * Acquiring the allocation lock here is dangerous, since this
 * can be called from within GC_call_with_alloc_lock, and the cord
 * package does so.  On systems that allow nested lock acquisition, this
 * happens to work.
 * On other systems, SET_LOCK_HOLDER and friends must be suitably defined.
 */

static GC_bool syscall_acquired_lock = FALSE;   /* Protected by GC lock. */
 
void GC_begin_syscall()
{
    if (!I_HOLD_LOCK()) {
        LOCK();
        syscall_acquired_lock = TRUE;
    }
}

void GC_end_syscall()
{
    if (syscall_acquired_lock) {
        syscall_acquired_lock = FALSE;
        UNLOCK();
    }
}

void GC_unprotect_range(addr, len)
ptr_t addr;
word len;
{
    struct hblk * start_block;
    struct hblk * end_block;
    register struct hblk *h;
    ptr_t obj_start;
    
    if (!GC_dirty_maintained) return;
    obj_start = GC_base(addr);
    if (obj_start == 0) return;
    if (GC_base(addr + len - 1) != obj_start) {
        ABORT("GC_unprotect_range(range bigger than object)");
    }
    start_block = (struct hblk *)((word)addr & ~(GC_page_size - 1));
    end_block = (struct hblk *)((word)(addr + len - 1) & ~(GC_page_size - 1));
    end_block += GC_page_size/HBLKSIZE - 1;
    for (h = start_block; h <= end_block; h++) {
        register word index = PHT_HASH(h);
        
        async_set_pht_entry_from_index(GC_dirty_pages, index);
    }
    UNPROTECT(start_block,
              ((ptr_t)end_block - (ptr_t)start_block) + HBLKSIZE);
}

#if 0

/* We no longer wrap read by default, since that was causing too many   */
/* problems.  It is preferred that the client instead avoids writing    */
/* to the write-protected heap with a system call.                      */
/* This still serves as sample code if you do want to wrap system calls.*/

#if !defined(MSWIN32) && !defined(MSWINCE) && !defined(GC_USE_LD_WRAP)
/* Replacement for UNIX system call.                                      */
/* Other calls that write to the heap should be handled similarly.        */
/* Note that this doesn't work well for blocking reads:  It will hold     */
/* the allocation lock for the entire duration of the call. Multithreaded */
/* clients should really ensure that it won't block, either by setting    */
/* the descriptor nonblocking, or by calling select or poll first, to     */
/* make sure that input is available.                                     */
/* Another, preferred alternative is to ensure that system calls never    */
/* write to the protected heap (see above).                               */
# if defined(__STDC__) && !defined(SUNOS4)
#   include <unistd.h>
#   include <sys/uio.h>
    ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbyte)
# else
#   ifndef LINT
      int read(fd, buf, nbyte)
#   else
      int GC_read(fd, buf, nbyte)
#   endif
    int fd;
    char *buf;
    int nbyte;
# endif
{
    int result;
    
    GC_begin_syscall();
    GC_unprotect_range(buf, (word)nbyte);
#   if defined(IRIX5) || defined(GC_LINUX_THREADS)
        /* Indirect system call may not always be easily available.     */
        /* We could call _read, but that would interfere with the       */
        /* libpthread interception of read.                             */
        /* On Linux, we have to be careful with the linuxthreads        */
        /* read interception.                                           */
        {
            struct iovec iov;

            iov.iov_base = buf;
            iov.iov_len = nbyte;
            result = readv(fd, &iov, 1);
        }
#   else
#     if defined(HURD)  
        result = __read(fd, buf, nbyte);
#     else
        /* The two zero args at the end of this list are because one
           IA-64 syscall() implementation actually requires six args
           to be passed, even though they aren't always used. */
        result = syscall(SYS_read, fd, buf, nbyte, 0, 0);
#     endif /* !HURD */
#   endif
    GC_end_syscall();
    return(result);
}
#endif /* !MSWIN32 && !MSWINCE && !GC_LINUX_THREADS */

#if defined(GC_USE_LD_WRAP) && !defined(THREADS)
    /* We use the GNU ld call wrapping facility.                        */
    /* This requires that the linker be invoked with "--wrap read".     */
    /* This can be done by passing -Wl,"--wrap read" to gcc.            */
    /* I'm not sure that this actually wraps whatever version of read   */
    /* is called by stdio.  That code also mentions __read.             */
#   include <unistd.h>
    ssize_t __wrap_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbyte)
    {
        int result;

        GC_begin_syscall();
        GC_unprotect_range(buf, (word)nbyte);
        result = __real_read(fd, buf, nbyte);
        GC_end_syscall();
        return(result);
    }

    /* We should probably also do this for __read, or whatever stdio    */
    /* actually calls.                                                  */
#endif

#endif /* 0 */

/*ARGSUSED*/
GC_bool GC_page_was_ever_dirty(h)
struct hblk *h;
{
    return(TRUE);
}

/* Reset the n pages starting at h to "was never dirty" status. */
/*ARGSUSED*/
void GC_is_fresh(h, n)
struct hblk *h;
word n;
{
}

# endif /* MPROTECT_VDB */

# ifdef PROC_VDB

/*
 * See DEFAULT_VDB for interface descriptions.
 */
 
/*
 * This implementaion assumes a Solaris 2.X like /proc pseudo-file-system
 * from which we can read page modified bits.  This facility is far from
 * optimal (e.g. we would like to get the info for only some of the
 * address space), but it avoids intercepting system calls.
 */

#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <sys/fault.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/procfs.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#define INITIAL_BUF_SZ 16384
word GC_proc_buf_size = INITIAL_BUF_SZ;
char *GC_proc_buf;

#ifdef GC_SOLARIS_THREADS
/* We don't have exact sp values for threads.  So we count on   */
/* occasionally declaring stack pages to be fresh.  Thus we     */
/* need a real implementation of GC_is_fresh.  We can't clear   */
/* entries in GC_written_pages, since that would declare all    */
/* pages with the given hash address to be fresh.               */
#   define MAX_FRESH_PAGES 8*1024       /* Must be power of 2 */
    struct hblk ** GC_fresh_pages;      /* A direct mapped cache.       */
                                        /* Collisions are dropped.      */

#   define FRESH_PAGE_SLOT(h) (divHBLKSZ((word)(h)) & (MAX_FRESH_PAGES-1))
#   define ADD_FRESH_PAGE(h) \
        GC_fresh_pages[FRESH_PAGE_SLOT(h)] = (h)
#   define PAGE_IS_FRESH(h) \
        (GC_fresh_pages[FRESH_PAGE_SLOT(h)] == (h) && (h) != 0)
#endif

/* Add all pages in pht2 to pht1 */
void GC_or_pages(pht1, pht2)
page_hash_table pht1, pht2;
{
    register int i;
    
    for (i = 0; i < PHT_SIZE; i++) pht1[i] |= pht2[i];
}

int GC_proc_fd;

void GC_dirty_init()
{
    int fd;
    char buf[30];

    GC_dirty_maintained = TRUE;
    if (GC_words_allocd != 0 || GC_words_allocd_before_gc != 0) {
        register int i;
    
        for (i = 0; i < PHT_SIZE; i++) GC_written_pages[i] = (word)(-1);
#       ifdef PRINTSTATS
            GC_printf1("Allocated words:%lu:all pages may have been written\n",
                       (unsigned long)
                                (GC_words_allocd + GC_words_allocd_before_gc));
#       endif       
    }
    sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d", getpid());
    fd = open(buf, O_RDONLY);
    if (fd < 0) {
        ABORT("/proc open failed");
    }
    GC_proc_fd = syscall(SYS_ioctl, fd, PIOCOPENPD, 0);
    close(fd);
    syscall(SYS_fcntl, GC_proc_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
    if (GC_proc_fd < 0) {
        ABORT("/proc ioctl failed");
    }
    GC_proc_buf = GC_scratch_alloc(GC_proc_buf_size);
#   ifdef GC_SOLARIS_THREADS
        GC_fresh_pages = (struct hblk **)
          GC_scratch_alloc(MAX_FRESH_PAGES * sizeof (struct hblk *));
        if (GC_fresh_pages == 0) {
            GC_err_printf0("No space for fresh pages\n");
            EXIT();
        }
        BZERO(GC_fresh_pages, MAX_FRESH_PAGES * sizeof (struct hblk *));
#   endif
}

/* Ignore write hints. They don't help us here. */
/*ARGSUSED*/
void GC_remove_protection(h, nblocks, is_ptrfree)
struct hblk *h;
word nblocks;
GC_bool is_ptrfree;
{
}

#ifdef GC_SOLARIS_THREADS
#   define READ(fd,buf,nbytes) syscall(SYS_read, fd, buf, nbytes)
#else
#   define READ(fd,buf,nbytes) read(fd, buf, nbytes)
#endif

void GC_read_dirty()
{
    unsigned long ps, np;
    int nmaps;
    ptr_t vaddr;
    struct prasmap * map;
    char * bufp;
    ptr_t current_addr, limit;
    int i;
int dummy;

    BZERO(GC_grungy_pages, (sizeof GC_grungy_pages));
    
    bufp = GC_proc_buf;
    if (READ(GC_proc_fd, bufp, GC_proc_buf_size) <= 0) {
#       ifdef PRINTSTATS
            GC_printf1("/proc read failed: GC_proc_buf_size = %lu\n",
                       GC_proc_buf_size);
#       endif       
        {
            /* Retry with larger buffer. */
            word new_size = 2 * GC_proc_buf_size;
            char * new_buf = GC_scratch_alloc(new_size);
            
            if (new_buf != 0) {
                GC_proc_buf = bufp = new_buf;
                GC_proc_buf_size = new_size;
            }
            if (READ(GC_proc_fd, bufp, GC_proc_buf_size) <= 0) {
                WARN("Insufficient space for /proc read\n", 0);
                /* Punt:        */
                memset(GC_grungy_pages, 0xff, sizeof (page_hash_table));
                memset(GC_written_pages, 0xff, sizeof(page_hash_table));
#               ifdef GC_SOLARIS_THREADS
                    BZERO(GC_fresh_pages,
                          MAX_FRESH_PAGES * sizeof (struct hblk *)); 
#               endif
                return;
            }
        }
    }
    /* Copy dirty bits into GC_grungy_pages */
        nmaps = ((struct prpageheader *)bufp) -> pr_nmap;
        /* printf( "nmaps = %d, PG_REFERENCED = %d, PG_MODIFIED = %d\n",
                     nmaps, PG_REFERENCED, PG_MODIFIED); */
        bufp = bufp + sizeof(struct prpageheader);
        for (i = 0; i < nmaps; i++) {
            map = (struct prasmap *)bufp;
            vaddr = (ptr_t)(map -> pr_vaddr);
            ps = map -> pr_pagesize;
            np = map -> pr_npage;
            /* printf("vaddr = 0x%X, ps = 0x%X, np = 0x%X\n", vaddr, ps, np); */
            limit = vaddr + ps * np;
            bufp += sizeof (struct prasmap);
            for (current_addr = vaddr;
                 current_addr < limit; current_addr += ps){
                if ((*bufp++) & PG_MODIFIED) {
                    register struct hblk * h = (struct hblk *) current_addr;
                    
                    while ((ptr_t)h < current_addr + ps) {
                        register word index = PHT_HASH(h);
                        
                        set_pht_entry_from_index(GC_grungy_pages, index);
#                       ifdef GC_SOLARIS_THREADS
                          {
                            register int slot = FRESH_PAGE_SLOT(h);
                            
                            if (GC_fresh_pages[slot] == h) {
                                GC_fresh_pages[slot] = 0;
                            }
                          }
#                       endif
                        h++;
                    }
                }
            }
            bufp += sizeof(long) - 1;
            bufp = (char *)((unsigned long)bufp & ~(sizeof(long)-1));
        }
    /* Update GC_written_pages. */
        GC_or_pages(GC_written_pages, GC_grungy_pages);
#   ifdef GC_SOLARIS_THREADS
      /* Make sure that old stacks are considered completely clean      */
      /* unless written again.                                          */
        GC_old_stacks_are_fresh();
#   endif
}

#undef READ

GC_bool GC_page_was_dirty(h)
struct hblk *h;
{
    register word index = PHT_HASH(h);
    register GC_bool result;
    
    result = get_pht_entry_from_index(GC_grungy_pages, index);
#   ifdef GC_SOLARIS_THREADS
        if (result && PAGE_IS_FRESH(h)) result = FALSE;
        /* This happens only if page was declared fresh since   */
        /* the read_dirty call, e.g. because it's in an unused  */
        /* thread stack.  It's OK to treat it as clean, in      */
        /* that case.  And it's consistent with                 */
        /* GC_page_was_ever_dirty.                              */
#   endif
    return(result);
}

GC_bool GC_page_was_ever_dirty(h)
struct hblk *h;
{
    register word index = PHT_HASH(h);
    register GC_bool result;
    
    result = get_pht_entry_from_index(GC_written_pages, index);
#   ifdef GC_SOLARIS_THREADS
        if (result && PAGE_IS_FRESH(h)) result = FALSE;
#   endif
    return(result);
}

/* Caller holds allocation lock.        */
void GC_is_fresh(h, n)
struct hblk *h;
word n;
{

    register word index;
    
#   ifdef GC_SOLARIS_THREADS
      register word i;
      
      if (GC_fresh_pages != 0) {
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
          ADD_FRESH_PAGE(h + i);
        }
      }
#   endif
}

# endif /* PROC_VDB */


# ifdef PCR_VDB

# include "vd/PCR_VD.h"

# define NPAGES (32*1024)       /* 128 MB */

PCR_VD_DB  GC_grungy_bits[NPAGES];

ptr_t GC_vd_base;       /* Address corresponding to GC_grungy_bits[0]   */
                        /* HBLKSIZE aligned.                            */

void GC_dirty_init()
{
    GC_dirty_maintained = TRUE;
    /* For the time being, we assume the heap generally grows up */
    GC_vd_base = GC_heap_sects[0].hs_start;
    if (GC_vd_base == 0) {
        ABORT("Bad initial heap segment");
    }
    if (PCR_VD_Start(HBLKSIZE, GC_vd_base, NPAGES*HBLKSIZE)
        != PCR_ERes_okay) {
        ABORT("dirty bit initialization failed");
    }
}

void GC_read_dirty()
{
    /* lazily enable dirty bits on newly added heap sects */
    {
        static int onhs = 0;
        int nhs = GC_n_heap_sects;
        for( ; onhs < nhs; onhs++ ) {
            PCR_VD_WriteProtectEnable(
                    GC_heap_sects[onhs].hs_start,
                    GC_heap_sects[onhs].hs_bytes );
        }
    }


    if (PCR_VD_Clear(GC_vd_base, NPAGES*HBLKSIZE, GC_grungy_bits)
        != PCR_ERes_okay) {
        ABORT("dirty bit read failed");
    }
}

GC_bool GC_page_was_dirty(h)
struct hblk *h;
{
    if((ptr_t)h < GC_vd_base || (ptr_t)h >= GC_vd_base + NPAGES*HBLKSIZE) {
        return(TRUE);
    }
    return(GC_grungy_bits[h - (struct hblk *)GC_vd_base] & PCR_VD_DB_dirtyBit);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
void GC_remove_protection(h, nblocks, is_ptrfree)
struct hblk *h;
word nblocks;
GC_bool is_ptrfree;
{
    PCR_VD_WriteProtectDisable(h, nblocks*HBLKSIZE);
    PCR_VD_WriteProtectEnable(h, nblocks*HBLKSIZE);
}

# endif /* PCR_VDB */

#if defined(MPROTECT_VDB) && defined(DARWIN)
/* The following sources were used as a *reference* for this exception handling
   code:
      1. Apple's mach/xnu documentation
      2. Timothy J. Wood's "Mach Exception Handlers 101" post to the
         omnigroup's macosx-dev list. 
         www.omnigroup.com/mailman/archive/macosx-dev/2000-June/014178.html
      3. macosx-nat.c from Apple's GDB source code.
*/
   
/* The bug that caused all this trouble should now be fixed. This should
   eventually be removed if all goes well. */
/* define BROKEN_EXCEPTION_HANDLING */
    
#include <mach/mach.h>
#include <mach/mach_error.h>
#include <mach/thread_status.h>
#include <mach/exception.h>
#include <mach/task.h>
#include <pthread.h>

/* These are not defined in any header, although they are documented */
extern boolean_t exc_server(mach_msg_header_t *,mach_msg_header_t *);
extern kern_return_t exception_raise(
    mach_port_t,mach_port_t,mach_port_t,
    exception_type_t,exception_data_t,mach_msg_type_number_t);
extern kern_return_t exception_raise_state(
    mach_port_t,mach_port_t,mach_port_t,
    exception_type_t,exception_data_t,mach_msg_type_number_t,
    thread_state_flavor_t*,thread_state_t,mach_msg_type_number_t,
    thread_state_t,mach_msg_type_number_t*);
extern kern_return_t exception_raise_state_identity(
    mach_port_t,mach_port_t,mach_port_t,
    exception_type_t,exception_data_t,mach_msg_type_number_t,
    thread_state_flavor_t*,thread_state_t,mach_msg_type_number_t,
    thread_state_t,mach_msg_type_number_t*);


#define MAX_EXCEPTION_PORTS 16

static struct {
    mach_msg_type_number_t count;
    exception_mask_t      masks[MAX_EXCEPTION_PORTS];
    exception_handler_t   ports[MAX_EXCEPTION_PORTS];
    exception_behavior_t  behaviors[MAX_EXCEPTION_PORTS];
    thread_state_flavor_t flavors[MAX_EXCEPTION_PORTS];
} GC_old_exc_ports;

static struct {
    mach_port_t exception;
#if defined(THREADS)
    mach_port_t reply;
#endif
} GC_ports;

typedef struct {
    mach_msg_header_t head;
} GC_msg_t;

typedef enum {
    GC_MP_NORMAL, GC_MP_DISCARDING, GC_MP_STOPPED
} GC_mprotect_state_t;

/* FIXME: 1 and 2 seem to be safe to use in the msgh_id field,
   but it isn't  documented. Use the source and see if they
   should be ok. */
#define ID_STOP 1
#define ID_RESUME 2

/* These values are only used on the reply port */
#define ID_ACK 3

#if defined(THREADS)

GC_mprotect_state_t GC_mprotect_state;

/* The following should ONLY be called when the world is stopped  */
static void GC_mprotect_thread_notify(mach_msg_id_t id) {
    struct {
        GC_msg_t msg;
        mach_msg_trailer_t trailer;
    } buf;
    mach_msg_return_t r;
    /* remote, local */
    buf.msg.head.msgh_bits = 
        MACH_MSGH_BITS(MACH_MSG_TYPE_MAKE_SEND,0);
    buf.msg.head.msgh_size = sizeof(buf.msg);
    buf.msg.head.msgh_remote_port = GC_ports.exception;
    buf.msg.head.msgh_local_port = MACH_PORT_NULL;
    buf.msg.head.msgh_id = id;
            
    r = mach_msg(
        &buf.msg.head,
        MACH_SEND_MSG|MACH_RCV_MSG|MACH_RCV_LARGE,
        sizeof(buf.msg),
        sizeof(buf),
        GC_ports.reply,
        MACH_MSG_TIMEOUT_NONE,
        MACH_PORT_NULL);
    if(r != MACH_MSG_SUCCESS)
        ABORT("mach_msg failed in GC_mprotect_thread_notify");
    if(buf.msg.head.msgh_id != ID_ACK)
        ABORT("invalid ack in GC_mprotect_thread_notify");
}

/* Should only be called by the mprotect thread */
static void GC_mprotect_thread_reply() {
    GC_msg_t msg;
    mach_msg_return_t r;
    /* remote, local */
    msg.head.msgh_bits = 
        MACH_MSGH_BITS(MACH_MSG_TYPE_MAKE_SEND,0);
    msg.head.msgh_size = sizeof(msg);
    msg.head.msgh_remote_port = GC_ports.reply;
    msg.head.msgh_local_port = MACH_PORT_NULL;
    msg.head.msgh_id = ID_ACK;
            
    r = mach_msg(
        &msg.head,
        MACH_SEND_MSG,
        sizeof(msg),
        0,
        MACH_PORT_NULL,
        MACH_MSG_TIMEOUT_NONE,
        MACH_PORT_NULL);
    if(r != MACH_MSG_SUCCESS)
        ABORT("mach_msg failed in GC_mprotect_thread_reply");
}

void GC_mprotect_stop() {
    GC_mprotect_thread_notify(ID_STOP);
}
void GC_mprotect_resume() {
    GC_mprotect_thread_notify(ID_RESUME);
}

#else /* !THREADS */
/* The compiler should optimize away any GC_mprotect_state computations */
#define GC_mprotect_state GC_MP_NORMAL
#endif

static void *GC_mprotect_thread(void *arg) {
    mach_msg_return_t r;
    /* These two structures contain some private kernel data. We don't need to
       access any of it so we don't bother defining a proper struct. The
       correct definitions are in the xnu source code. */
    struct {
        mach_msg_header_t head;
        char data[256];
    } reply;
    struct {
        mach_msg_header_t head;
        mach_msg_body_t msgh_body;
        char data[1024];
    } msg;

    mach_msg_id_t id;

    GC_darwin_register_mach_handler_thread(mach_thread_self());
    
    for(;;) {
        r = mach_msg(
            &msg.head,
            MACH_RCV_MSG|MACH_RCV_LARGE|
                (GC_mprotect_state == GC_MP_DISCARDING ? MACH_RCV_TIMEOUT : 0),
            0,
            sizeof(msg),
            GC_ports.exception,
            GC_mprotect_state == GC_MP_DISCARDING ? 0 : MACH_MSG_TIMEOUT_NONE,
            MACH_PORT_NULL);
        
        id = r == MACH_MSG_SUCCESS ? msg.head.msgh_id : -1;
        
#if defined(THREADS)
        if(GC_mprotect_state == GC_MP_DISCARDING) {
            if(r == MACH_RCV_TIMED_OUT) {
                GC_mprotect_state = GC_MP_STOPPED;
                GC_mprotect_thread_reply();
                continue;
            }
            if(r == MACH_MSG_SUCCESS && (id == ID_STOP || id == ID_RESUME))
                ABORT("out of order mprotect thread request");
        }
#endif
        
        if(r != MACH_MSG_SUCCESS) {
            GC_err_printf2("mach_msg failed with %d %s\n", 
                (int)r,mach_error_string(r));
            ABORT("mach_msg failed");
        }
        
        switch(id) {
#if defined(THREADS)
            case ID_STOP:
                if(GC_mprotect_state != GC_MP_NORMAL)
                    ABORT("Called mprotect_stop when state wasn't normal");
                GC_mprotect_state = GC_MP_DISCARDING;
                break;
            case ID_RESUME:
                if(GC_mprotect_state != GC_MP_STOPPED)
                    ABORT("Called mprotect_resume when state wasn't stopped");
                GC_mprotect_state = GC_MP_NORMAL;
                GC_mprotect_thread_reply();
                break;
#endif /* THREADS */
            default:
                    /* Handle the message (calls catch_exception_raise) */
                if(!exc_server(&msg.head,&reply.head))
                    ABORT("exc_server failed");
                /* Send the reply */
                r = mach_msg(
                    &reply.head,
                    MACH_SEND_MSG,
                    reply.head.msgh_size,
                    0,
                    MACH_PORT_NULL,
                    MACH_MSG_TIMEOUT_NONE,
                    MACH_PORT_NULL);
                if(r != MACH_MSG_SUCCESS) {
                        /* This will fail if the thread dies, but the thread shouldn't
                           die... */
                        #ifdef BROKEN_EXCEPTION_HANDLING
                        GC_err_printf2(
                        "mach_msg failed with %d %s while sending exc reply\n",
                        (int)r,mach_error_string(r));
                #else
                        ABORT("mach_msg failed while sending exception reply");
                #endif
                }
        } /* switch */
    } /* for(;;) */
    /* NOT REACHED */
    return NULL;
}

/* All this SIGBUS code shouldn't be necessary. All protection faults should
   be going throught the mach exception handler. However, it seems a SIGBUS is
   occasionally sent for some unknown reason. Even more odd, it seems to be
   meaningless and safe to ignore. */
#ifdef BROKEN_EXCEPTION_HANDLING

typedef void (* SIG_PF)();
static SIG_PF GC_old_bus_handler;

/* Updates to this aren't atomic, but the SIGBUSs seem pretty rare.
   Even if this doesn't get updated property, it isn't really a problem */
static int GC_sigbus_count;

static void GC_darwin_sigbus(int num,siginfo_t *sip,void *context) {
    if(num != SIGBUS) ABORT("Got a non-sigbus signal in the sigbus handler");
    
    /* Ugh... some seem safe to ignore, but too many in a row probably means
       trouble. GC_sigbus_count is reset for each mach exception that is
       handled */
    if(GC_sigbus_count >= 8) {
        ABORT("Got more than 8 SIGBUSs in a row!");
    } else {
        GC_sigbus_count++;
        GC_err_printf0("GC: WARNING: Ignoring SIGBUS.\n");
    }
}
#endif /* BROKEN_EXCEPTION_HANDLING */

void GC_dirty_init() {
    kern_return_t r;
    mach_port_t me;
    pthread_t thread;
    pthread_attr_t attr;
    exception_mask_t mask;
    
#   ifdef PRINTSTATS
        GC_printf0("Inititalizing mach/darwin mprotect virtual dirty bit "
            "implementation\n");
#   endif  
#       ifdef BROKEN_EXCEPTION_HANDLING
        GC_err_printf0("GC: WARNING: Enabling workarounds for various darwin "
            "exception handling bugs.\n");
#       endif
    GC_dirty_maintained = TRUE;
    if (GC_page_size % HBLKSIZE != 0) {
        GC_err_printf0("Page size not multiple of HBLKSIZE\n");
        ABORT("Page size not multiple of HBLKSIZE");
    }
    
    GC_task_self = me = mach_task_self();
    
    r = mach_port_allocate(me,MACH_PORT_RIGHT_RECEIVE,&GC_ports.exception);
    if(r != KERN_SUCCESS) ABORT("mach_port_allocate failed (exception port)");
    
    r = mach_port_insert_right(me,GC_ports.exception,GC_ports.exception,
        MACH_MSG_TYPE_MAKE_SEND);
    if(r != KERN_SUCCESS)
        ABORT("mach_port_insert_right failed (exception port)");

    #if defined(THREADS)
        r = mach_port_allocate(me,MACH_PORT_RIGHT_RECEIVE,&GC_ports.reply);
        if(r != KERN_SUCCESS) ABORT("mach_port_allocate failed (reply port)");
    #endif

    /* The exceptions we want to catch */  
    mask = EXC_MASK_BAD_ACCESS;

    r = task_get_exception_ports(
        me,
        mask,
        GC_old_exc_ports.masks,
        &GC_old_exc_ports.count,
        GC_old_exc_ports.ports,
        GC_old_exc_ports.behaviors,
        GC_old_exc_ports.flavors
    );
    if(r != KERN_SUCCESS) ABORT("task_get_exception_ports failed");
        
    r = task_set_exception_ports(
        me,
        mask,
        GC_ports.exception,
        EXCEPTION_DEFAULT,
        GC_MACH_THREAD_STATE
    );
    if(r != KERN_SUCCESS) ABORT("task_set_exception_ports failed");

    if(pthread_attr_init(&attr) != 0) ABORT("pthread_attr_init failed");
    if(pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr,PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED) != 0) 
        ABORT("pthread_attr_setdetachedstate failed");

#       undef pthread_create
    /* This will call the real pthread function, not our wrapper */
    if(pthread_create(&thread,&attr,GC_mprotect_thread,NULL) != 0)
        ABORT("pthread_create failed");
    pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
    
    /* Setup the sigbus handler for ignoring the meaningless SIGBUSs */
    #ifdef BROKEN_EXCEPTION_HANDLING 
    {
        struct sigaction sa, oldsa;
        sa.sa_handler = (SIG_PF)GC_darwin_sigbus;
        sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
        sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO;
        if(sigaction(SIGBUS,&sa,&oldsa) < 0) ABORT("sigaction");
        GC_old_bus_handler = (SIG_PF)oldsa.sa_handler;
        if (GC_old_bus_handler != SIG_DFL) {
#               ifdef PRINTSTATS
                GC_err_printf0("Replaced other SIGBUS handler\n");
#               endif
        }
    }
    #endif /* BROKEN_EXCEPTION_HANDLING  */
}
 
/* The source code for Apple's GDB was used as a reference for the exception
   forwarding code. This code is similar to be GDB code only because there is 
   only one way to do it. */
static kern_return_t GC_forward_exception(
        mach_port_t thread,
        mach_port_t task,
        exception_type_t exception,
        exception_data_t data,
        mach_msg_type_number_t data_count
) {
    int i;
    kern_return_t r;
    mach_port_t port;
    exception_behavior_t behavior;
    thread_state_flavor_t flavor;
    
    thread_state_t thread_state;
    mach_msg_type_number_t thread_state_count = THREAD_STATE_MAX;
        
    for(i=0;i<GC_old_exc_ports.count;i++)
        if(GC_old_exc_ports.masks[i] & (1 << exception))
            break;
    if(i==GC_old_exc_ports.count) ABORT("No handler for exception!");
    
    port = GC_old_exc_ports.ports[i];
    behavior = GC_old_exc_ports.behaviors[i];
    flavor = GC_old_exc_ports.flavors[i];

    if(behavior != EXCEPTION_DEFAULT) {
        r = thread_get_state(thread,flavor,thread_state,&thread_state_count);
        if(r != KERN_SUCCESS)
            ABORT("thread_get_state failed in forward_exception");
    }
    
    switch(behavior) {
        case EXCEPTION_DEFAULT:
            r = exception_raise(port,thread,task,exception,data,data_count);
            break;
        case EXCEPTION_STATE:
            r = exception_raise_state(port,thread,task,exception,data,
                data_count,&flavor,thread_state,thread_state_count,
                thread_state,&thread_state_count);
            break;
        case EXCEPTION_STATE_IDENTITY:
            r = exception_raise_state_identity(port,thread,task,exception,data,
                data_count,&flavor,thread_state,thread_state_count,
                thread_state,&thread_state_count);
            break;
        default:
            r = KERN_FAILURE; /* make gcc happy */
            ABORT("forward_exception: unknown behavior");
            break;
    }
    
    if(behavior != EXCEPTION_DEFAULT) {
        r = thread_set_state(thread,flavor,thread_state,thread_state_count);
        if(r != KERN_SUCCESS)
            ABORT("thread_set_state failed in forward_exception");
    }
    
    return r;
}

#define FWD() GC_forward_exception(thread,task,exception,code,code_count)

/* This violates the namespace rules but there isn't anything that can be done
   about it. The exception handling stuff is hard coded to call this */
kern_return_t
catch_exception_raise(
   mach_port_t exception_port,mach_port_t thread,mach_port_t task,
   exception_type_t exception,exception_data_t code,
   mach_msg_type_number_t code_count
) {
    kern_return_t r;
    char *addr;
    struct hblk *h;
    int i;
#   if defined(POWERPC)
#     if CPP_WORDSZ == 32
        thread_state_flavor_t flavor = PPC_EXCEPTION_STATE;
        mach_msg_type_number_t exc_state_count = PPC_EXCEPTION_STATE_COUNT;
        ppc_exception_state_t exc_state;
#     else
        thread_state_flavor_t flavor = PPC_EXCEPTION_STATE64;
        mach_msg_type_number_t exc_state_count = PPC_EXCEPTION_STATE64_COUNT;
        ppc_exception_state64_t exc_state;
#     endif
#   elif defined(I386) || defined(X86_64)
#     if CPP_WORDSZ == 32
        thread_state_flavor_t flavor = x86_EXCEPTION_STATE32;
        mach_msg_type_number_t exc_state_count = x86_EXCEPTION_STATE32_COUNT;
        x86_exception_state32_t exc_state;
#     else
        thread_state_flavor_t flavor = x86_EXCEPTION_STATE64;
        mach_msg_type_number_t exc_state_count = x86_EXCEPTION_STATE64_COUNT;
        x86_exception_state64_t exc_state;
#     endif
#   else
#       error FIXME for non-ppc darwin
#   endif

    
    if(exception != EXC_BAD_ACCESS || code[0] != KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE) {
        #ifdef DEBUG_EXCEPTION_HANDLING
        /* We aren't interested, pass it on to the old handler */
        GC_printf3("Exception: 0x%x Code: 0x%x 0x%x in catch....\n",
            exception,
            code_count > 0 ? code[0] : -1,
            code_count > 1 ? code[1] : -1); 
        #endif
        return FWD();
    }

    r = thread_get_state(thread,flavor,
        (natural_t*)&exc_state,&exc_state_count);
    if(r != KERN_SUCCESS) {
        /* The thread is supposed to be suspended while the exception handler
           is called. This shouldn't fail. */
        #ifdef BROKEN_EXCEPTION_HANDLING
            GC_err_printf0("thread_get_state failed in "
                "catch_exception_raise\n");
            return KERN_SUCCESS;
        #else
            ABORT("thread_get_state failed in catch_exception_raise");
        #endif
    }
    
    /* This is the address that caused the fault */
#if defined(POWERPC)
    addr = (char*) exc_state. THREAD_FLD(dar);
#elif defined (I386) || defined (X86_64)
    addr = (char*) exc_state. THREAD_FLD(faultvaddr);
#else
#   error FIXME for non POWERPC/I386
#endif
        
    if((HDR(addr)) == 0) {
        /* Ugh... just like the SIGBUS problem above, it seems we get a bogus 
           KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE every once and a while. We wait till we get
           a bunch in a row before doing anything about it. If a "real" fault 
           ever occurres it'll just keep faulting over and over and we'll hit
           the limit pretty quickly. */
        #ifdef BROKEN_EXCEPTION_HANDLING
            static char *last_fault;
            static int last_fault_count;
            
            if(addr != last_fault) {
                last_fault = addr;
                last_fault_count = 0;
            }
            if(++last_fault_count < 32) {
                if(last_fault_count == 1)
                    GC_err_printf1(
                        "GC: WARNING: Ignoring KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE at %p\n",
                        addr);
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
            }
            
            GC_err_printf1("Unexpected KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE at %p\n",addr);
            /* Can't pass it along to the signal handler because that is
               ignoring SIGBUS signals. We also shouldn't call ABORT here as
               signals don't always work too well from the exception handler. */
            GC_err_printf0("Aborting\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        #else /* BROKEN_EXCEPTION_HANDLING */
            /* Pass it along to the next exception handler 
               (which should call SIGBUS/SIGSEGV) */
            return FWD();
        #endif /* !BROKEN_EXCEPTION_HANDLING */
    }

    #ifdef BROKEN_EXCEPTION_HANDLING
        /* Reset the number of consecutive SIGBUSs */
        GC_sigbus_count = 0;
    #endif
    
    if(GC_mprotect_state == GC_MP_NORMAL) { /* common case */
        h = (struct hblk*)((word)addr & ~(GC_page_size-1));
        UNPROTECT(h, GC_page_size);     
        for (i = 0; i < divHBLKSZ(GC_page_size); i++) {
            register int index = PHT_HASH(h+i);
            async_set_pht_entry_from_index(GC_dirty_pages, index);
        }
    } else if(GC_mprotect_state == GC_MP_DISCARDING) {
        /* Lie to the thread for now. No sense UNPROTECT()ing the memory
           when we're just going to PROTECT() it again later. The thread
           will just fault again once it resumes */
    } else {
        /* Shouldn't happen, i don't think */
        GC_printf0("KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE while world is stopped\n");
        return FWD();
    }
    return KERN_SUCCESS;
}
#undef FWD

/* These should never be called, but just in case...  */
kern_return_t catch_exception_raise_state(mach_port_name_t exception_port,
    int exception, exception_data_t code, mach_msg_type_number_t codeCnt,
    int flavor, thread_state_t old_state, int old_stateCnt,
    thread_state_t new_state, int new_stateCnt)
{
    ABORT("catch_exception_raise_state");
    return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
}
kern_return_t catch_exception_raise_state_identity(
    mach_port_name_t exception_port, mach_port_t thread, mach_port_t task,
    int exception, exception_data_t code, mach_msg_type_number_t codeCnt,
    int flavor, thread_state_t old_state, int old_stateCnt, 
    thread_state_t new_state, int new_stateCnt)
{
    ABORT("catch_exception_raise_state_identity");
    return(KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
}


#endif /* DARWIN && MPROTECT_VDB */

# ifndef HAVE_INCREMENTAL_PROTECTION_NEEDS
  int GC_incremental_protection_needs()
  {
    return GC_PROTECTS_NONE;
  }
# endif /* !HAVE_INCREMENTAL_PROTECTION_NEEDS */

/*
 * Call stack save code for debugging.
 * Should probably be in mach_dep.c, but that requires reorganization.
 */

/* I suspect the following works for most X86 *nix variants, so         */
/* long as the frame pointer is explicitly stored.  In the case of gcc, */
/* compiler flags (e.g. -fomit-frame-pointer) determine whether it is.  */
#if defined(I386) && defined(LINUX) && defined(SAVE_CALL_CHAIN)
#   include <features.h>

    struct frame {
        struct frame *fr_savfp;
        long    fr_savpc;
        long    fr_arg[NARGS];  /* All the arguments go here.   */
    };
#endif

#if defined(SPARC)
#  if defined(LINUX)
#    include <features.h>

     struct frame {
        long    fr_local[8];
        long    fr_arg[6];
        struct frame *fr_savfp;
        long    fr_savpc;
#       ifndef __arch64__
          char  *fr_stret;
#       endif
        long    fr_argd[6];
        long    fr_argx[0];
     };
#  else
#    if defined(SUNOS4)
#      include <machine/frame.h>
#    else
#      if defined (DRSNX)
#        include <sys/sparc/frame.h>
#      else
#        if defined(OPENBSD)
#          include <frame.h>
#        else
#          if defined(FREEBSD) || defined(NETBSD)
#            include <machine/frame.h>
#          else
#            include <sys/frame.h>
#          endif
#        endif
#      endif
#    endif
#  endif
#  if NARGS > 6
        --> We only know how to to get the first 6 arguments
#  endif
#endif /* SPARC */

#ifdef  NEED_CALLINFO
/* Fill in the pc and argument information for up to NFRAMES of my      */
/* callers.  Ignore my frame and my callers frame.                      */

#ifdef LINUX
#   include <unistd.h>
#endif

#endif /* NEED_CALLINFO */

#if defined(GC_HAVE_BUILTIN_BACKTRACE)
# include <execinfo.h>
#endif

#ifdef SAVE_CALL_CHAIN

#if NARGS == 0 && NFRAMES % 2 == 0 /* No padding */ \
    && defined(GC_HAVE_BUILTIN_BACKTRACE)

#ifdef REDIRECT_MALLOC
  /* Deal with possible malloc calls in backtrace by omitting   */
  /* the infinitely recursing backtrace.                        */
# ifdef THREADS
    __thread    /* If your compiler doesn't understand this */
                /* you could use something like pthread_getspecific.    */
# endif
  GC_in_save_callers = FALSE;
#endif

void GC_save_callers (info) 
struct callinfo info[NFRAMES];
{
  void * tmp_info[NFRAMES + 1];
  int npcs, i;
# define IGNORE_FRAMES 1
  
  /* We retrieve NFRAMES+1 pc values, but discard the first, since it   */
  /* points to our own frame.                                           */
# ifdef REDIRECT_MALLOC
    if (GC_in_save_callers) {
      info[0].ci_pc = (word)(&GC_save_callers);
      for (i = 1; i < NFRAMES; ++i) info[i].ci_pc = 0;
      return;
    }
    GC_in_save_callers = TRUE;
# endif
  GC_ASSERT(sizeof(struct callinfo) == sizeof(void *));
  npcs = backtrace((void **)tmp_info, NFRAMES + IGNORE_FRAMES);
  BCOPY(tmp_info+IGNORE_FRAMES, info, (npcs - IGNORE_FRAMES) * sizeof(void *));
  for (i = npcs - IGNORE_FRAMES; i < NFRAMES; ++i) info[i].ci_pc = 0;
# ifdef REDIRECT_MALLOC
    GC_in_save_callers = FALSE;
# endif
}

#else /* No builtin backtrace; do it ourselves */

#if (defined(OPENBSD) || defined(NETBSD) || defined(FREEBSD)) && defined(SPARC)
#  define FR_SAVFP fr_fp
#  define FR_SAVPC fr_pc
#else
#  define FR_SAVFP fr_savfp
#  define FR_SAVPC fr_savpc
#endif

#if defined(SPARC) && (defined(__arch64__) || defined(__sparcv9))
#   define BIAS 2047
#else
#   define BIAS 0
#endif

void GC_save_callers (info) 
struct callinfo info[NFRAMES];
{
  struct frame *frame;
  struct frame *fp;
  int nframes = 0;
# ifdef I386
    /* We assume this is turned on only with gcc as the compiler. */
    asm("movl %%ebp,%0" : "=r"(frame));
    fp = frame;
# else
    frame = (struct frame *) GC_save_regs_in_stack ();
    fp = (struct frame *)((long) frame -> FR_SAVFP + BIAS);
#endif
  
   for (; (!(fp HOTTER_THAN frame) && !(GC_stackbottom HOTTER_THAN (ptr_t)fp)
           && (nframes < NFRAMES));
       fp = (struct frame *)((long) fp -> FR_SAVFP + BIAS), nframes++) {
      register int i;
      
      info[nframes].ci_pc = fp->FR_SAVPC;
#     if NARGS > 0
        for (i = 0; i < NARGS; i++) {
          info[nframes].ci_arg[i] = ~(fp->fr_arg[i]);
        }
#     endif /* NARGS > 0 */
  }
  if (nframes < NFRAMES) info[nframes].ci_pc = 0;
}

#endif /* No builtin backtrace */

#endif /* SAVE_CALL_CHAIN */

#ifdef NEED_CALLINFO

/* Print info to stderr.  We do NOT hold the allocation lock */
void GC_print_callers (info)
struct callinfo info[NFRAMES];
{
    register int i;
    static int reentry_count = 0;
    GC_bool stop = FALSE;

    /* FIXME: This should probably use a different lock, so that we     */
    /* become callable with or without the allocation lock.             */
    LOCK();
      ++reentry_count;
    UNLOCK();
    
#   if NFRAMES == 1
      GC_err_printf0("\tCaller at allocation:\n");
#   else
      GC_err_printf0("\tCall chain at allocation:\n");
#   endif
    for (i = 0; i < NFRAMES && !stop ; i++) {
        if (info[i].ci_pc == 0) break;
#       if NARGS > 0
        {
          int j;

          GC_err_printf0("\t\targs: ");
          for (j = 0; j < NARGS; j++) {
            if (j != 0) GC_err_printf0(", ");
            GC_err_printf2("%d (0x%X)", ~(info[i].ci_arg[j]),
                                        ~(info[i].ci_arg[j]));
          }
          GC_err_printf0("\n");
        }
#       endif
        if (reentry_count > 1) {
            /* We were called during an allocation during       */
            /* a previous GC_print_callers call; punt.          */
            GC_err_printf1("\t\t##PC##= 0x%lx\n", info[i].ci_pc);
            continue;
        }
        {
#         ifdef LINUX
            FILE *pipe;
#         endif
#         if defined(GC_HAVE_BUILTIN_BACKTRACE) \
             && !defined(GC_BACKTRACE_SYMBOLS_BROKEN)
            char **sym_name =
              backtrace_symbols((void **)(&(info[i].ci_pc)), 1);
            char *name = sym_name[0];
#         else
            char buf[40];
            char *name = buf;
            sprintf(buf, "##PC##= 0x%lx", info[i].ci_pc);
#         endif
#         if defined(LINUX) && !defined(SMALL_CONFIG)
            /* Try for a line number. */
            {
#               define EXE_SZ 100
                static char exe_name[EXE_SZ];
#               define CMD_SZ 200
                char cmd_buf[CMD_SZ];
#               define RESULT_SZ 200
                static char result_buf[RESULT_SZ];
                size_t result_len;
                char *old_preload;
#               define PRELOAD_SZ 200
                char preload_buf[PRELOAD_SZ];
                static GC_bool found_exe_name = FALSE;
                static GC_bool will_fail = FALSE;
                int ret_code;
                /* Try to get it via a hairy and expensive scheme.      */
                /* First we get the name of the executable:             */
                if (will_fail) goto out;
                if (!found_exe_name) { 
                  ret_code = readlink("/proc/self/exe", exe_name, EXE_SZ);
                  if (ret_code < 0 || ret_code >= EXE_SZ
                      || exe_name[0] != '/') {
                    will_fail = TRUE;   /* Dont try again. */
                    goto out;
                  }
                  exe_name[ret_code] = '\0';
                  found_exe_name = TRUE;
                }
                /* Then we use popen to start addr2line -e <exe> <addr> */
                /* There are faster ways to do this, but hopefully this */
                /* isn't time critical.                                 */
                sprintf(cmd_buf, "/usr/bin/addr2line -f -e %s 0x%lx", exe_name,
                                 (unsigned long)info[i].ci_pc);
                old_preload = getenv ("LD_PRELOAD");
                if (0 != old_preload) {
                  if (strlen (old_preload) >= PRELOAD_SZ) {
                    will_fail = TRUE;
                    goto out;
                  }
                  strcpy (preload_buf, old_preload);
                  unsetenv ("LD_PRELOAD");
                }
                pipe = popen(cmd_buf, "r");
                if (0 != old_preload
                    && 0 != setenv ("LD_PRELOAD", preload_buf, 0)) {
                  WARN("Failed to reset LD_PRELOAD\n", 0);
                }
                if (pipe == NULL
                    || (result_len = fread(result_buf, 1, RESULT_SZ - 1, pipe))
                       == 0) {
                  if (pipe != NULL) pclose(pipe);
                  will_fail = TRUE;
                  goto out;
                }
                if (result_buf[result_len - 1] == '\n') --result_len;
                result_buf[result_len] = 0;
                if (result_buf[0] == '?'
                    || result_buf[result_len-2] == ':' 
                       && result_buf[result_len-1] == '0') {
                    pclose(pipe);
                    goto out;
                }
                /* Get rid of embedded newline, if any.  Test for "main" */
                {
                   char * nl = strchr(result_buf, '\n');
                   if (nl != NULL && nl < result_buf + result_len) {
                     *nl = ':';
                   }
                   if (strncmp(result_buf, "main", nl - result_buf) == 0) {
                     stop = TRUE;
                   }
                }
                if (result_len < RESULT_SZ - 25) {
                  /* Add in hex address */
                    sprintf(result_buf + result_len, " [0x%lx]",
                          (unsigned long)info[i].ci_pc);
                }
                name = result_buf;
                pclose(pipe);
                out:;
            }
#         endif /* LINUX */
          GC_err_printf1("\t\t%s\n", name);
#         if defined(GC_HAVE_BUILTIN_BACKTRACE) \
             && !defined(GC_BACKTRACE_SYMBOLS_BROKEN)
            free(sym_name);  /* May call GC_free; that's OK */
#         endif
        }
    }
    LOCK();
      --reentry_count;
    UNLOCK();
}

#endif /* NEED_CALLINFO */



#if defined(LINUX) && defined(__ELF__) && !defined(SMALL_CONFIG)

/* Dump /proc/self/maps to GC_stderr, to enable looking up names for
   addresses in FIND_LEAK output. */

static word dump_maps(char *maps)
{
    GC_err_write(maps, strlen(maps));
    return 1;
}

void GC_print_address_map()
{
    GC_err_printf0("---------- Begin address map ----------\n");
    GC_apply_to_maps(dump_maps);
    GC_err_printf0("---------- End address map ----------\n");
}

#endif