4 libffi-3.4.1 was released on June 28, 2021. Check the libffi web page
5 for updates: <URL:http://sourceware.org/libffi/>.
11 Compilers for high level languages generate code that follow certain
12 conventions. These conventions are necessary, in part, for separate
13 compilation to work. One such convention is the "calling
14 convention". The "calling convention" is essentially a set of
15 assumptions made by the compiler about where function arguments will
16 be found on entry to a function. A "calling convention" also specifies
17 where the return value for a function is found.
19 Some programs may not know at the time of compilation what arguments
20 are to be passed to a function. For instance, an interpreter may be
21 told at run-time about the number and types of arguments used to call
22 a given function. Libffi can be used in such programs to provide a
23 bridge from the interpreter program to compiled code.
25 The libffi library provides a portable, high level programming
26 interface to various calling conventions. This allows a programmer to
27 call any function specified by a call interface description at run
30 FFI stands for Foreign Function Interface. A foreign function
31 interface is the popular name for the interface that allows code
32 written in one language to call code written in another language. The
33 libffi library really only provides the lowest, machine dependent
34 layer of a fully featured foreign function interface. A layer must
35 exist above libffi that handles type conversions for values passed
36 between the two languages.
42 Libffi has been ported to many different platforms.
44 At the time of release, the following basic configurations have been
47 | Architecture | Operating System | Compiler |
48 | --------------- | ---------------- | ----------------------- |
49 | AArch64 (ARM64) | iOS | Clang |
50 | AArch64 | Linux | GCC |
51 | AArch64 | Windows | MSVC |
52 | Alpha | Linux | GCC |
53 | Alpha | Tru64 | GCC |
57 | ARM | Windows | MSVC |
58 | AVR32 | Linux | GCC |
59 | Blackfin | uClinux | GCC |
60 | CSKY | Linux | GCC |
63 | IA-64 | Linux | GCC |
64 | M68K | FreeMiNT | GCC |
65 | M68K | Linux | GCC |
66 | M68K | RTEMS | GCC |
67 | M88K | OpenBSD/mvme88k | GCC |
68 | Meta | Linux | GCC |
69 | MicroBlaze | Linux | GCC |
71 | MIPS | Linux | GCC |
72 | MIPS | RTEMS | GCC |
73 | MIPS64 | Linux | GCC |
74 | Moxie | Bare metal | GCC |
75 | Nios II | Linux | GCC |
76 | OpenRISC | Linux | GCC |
77 | PowerPC 32-bit | AIX | IBM XL C |
78 | PowerPC 64-bit | AIX | IBM XL C |
79 | PowerPC | AMIGA | GCC |
80 | PowerPC | Linux | GCC |
81 | PowerPC | Mac OSX | GCC |
82 | PowerPC | FreeBSD | GCC |
83 | PowerPC 64-bit | FreeBSD | GCC |
84 | PowerPC 64-bit | Linux ELFv1 | GCC |
85 | PowerPC 64-bit | Linux ELFv2 | GCC |
86 | RISC-V 32-bit | Linux | GCC |
87 | RISC-V 64-bit | Linux | GCC |
88 | S390 | Linux | GCC |
89 | S390X | Linux | GCC |
90 | SPARC | Linux | GCC |
91 | SPARC | Solaris | GCC |
92 | SPARC | Solaris | Oracle Solaris Studio C |
93 | SPARC64 | Linux | GCC |
94 | SPARC64 | FreeBSD | GCC |
95 | SPARC64 | Solaris | Oracle Solaris Studio C |
96 | TILE-Gx/TILEPro | Linux | GCC |
97 | VAX | OpenBSD/vax | GCC |
98 | X86 | FreeBSD | GCC |
99 | X86 | GNU HURD | GCC |
100 | X86 | Interix | GCC |
101 | X86 | kFreeBSD | GCC |
102 | X86 | Linux | GCC |
103 | X86 | OpenBSD | GCC |
105 | X86 | Solaris | GCC |
106 | X86 | Solaris | Oracle Solaris Studio C |
107 | X86 | Windows/Cygwin | GCC |
108 | X86 | Windows/MingW | GCC |
109 | X86-64 | FreeBSD | GCC |
110 | X86-64 | Linux | GCC |
111 | X86-64 | Linux/x32 | GCC |
112 | X86-64 | OpenBSD | GCC |
113 | X86-64 | Solaris | Oracle Solaris Studio C |
114 | X86-64 | Windows/Cygwin | GCC |
115 | X86-64 | Windows/MingW | GCC |
116 | X86-64 | Mac OSX | GCC |
117 | Xtensa | Linux | GCC |
119 Please send additional platform test results to
120 libffi-discuss@sourceware.org.
125 First you must configure the distribution for your particular
126 system. Go to the directory you wish to build libffi in and run the
127 "configure" program found in the root directory of the libffi source
128 distribution. Note that building libffi requires a C99 compatible
131 If you're building libffi directly from git hosted sources, configure
132 won't exist yet; run ./autogen.sh first. This will require that you
133 install autoconf, automake and libtool.
135 You may want to tell configure where to install the libffi library and
136 header files. To do that, use the ``--prefix`` configure switch. Libffi
137 will install under /usr/local by default.
139 If you want to enable extra run-time debugging checks use the the
140 ``--enable-debug`` configure switch. This is useful when your program dies
141 mysteriously while using libffi.
143 Another useful configure switch is ``--enable-purify-safety``. Using this
144 will add some extra code which will suppress certain warnings when you
145 are using Purify with libffi. Only use this switch when using
146 Purify, as it will slow down the library.
148 If you don't want to build documentation, use the ``--disable-docs``
151 It's also possible to build libffi on Windows platforms with
152 Microsoft's Visual C++ compiler. In this case, use the msvcc.sh
153 wrapper script during configuration like so:
155 path/to/configure CC=path/to/msvcc.sh CXX=path/to/msvcc.sh LD=link CPP="cl -nologo -EP" CPPFLAGS="-DFFI_BUILDING_DLL"
157 For 64-bit Windows builds, use ``CC="path/to/msvcc.sh -m64"`` and
158 ``CXX="path/to/msvcc.sh -m64"``. You may also need to specify
159 ``--build`` appropriately.
161 It is also possible to build libffi on Windows platforms with the LLVM
162 project's clang-cl compiler, like below:
164 path/to/configure CC="path/to/msvcc.sh -clang-cl" CXX="path/to/msvcc.sh -clang-cl" LD=link CPP="clang-cl -EP"
166 When building with MSVC under a MingW environment, you may need to
167 remove the line in configure that sets 'fix_srcfile_path' to a 'cygpath'
168 command. ('cygpath' is not present in MingW, and is not required when
169 using MingW-style paths.)
171 To build static library for ARM64 with MSVC using visual studio solution, msvc_build folder have
172 aarch64/Ffi_staticLib.sln
173 required header files in aarch64/aarch64_include/
176 SPARC Solaris builds require the use of the GNU assembler and linker.
177 Point ``AS`` and ``LD`` environment variables at those tool prior to
180 For iOS builds, the ``libffi.xcodeproj`` Xcode project is available.
182 Configure has many other options. Use ``configure --help`` to see them all.
184 Once configure has finished, type "make". Note that you must be using
185 GNU make. You can ftp GNU make from ftp.gnu.org:/pub/gnu/make .
187 To ensure that libffi is working as advertised, type "make check".
188 This will require that you have DejaGNU installed.
190 To install the library and header files, type ``make install``.
196 See the git log for details at http://github.com/libffi/libffi.
199 Add static trampoline support for Linux on x86_64 and ARM64.
200 Add support for Alibaba's CSKY architecture.
201 Add support for Kalray's KVX architecture.
202 Add support for Intel Control-flow Enforcement Technology (CET).
203 Add support for ARM Pointer Authentication (PA).
204 Fix 32-bit PPC regression.
205 Fix MIPS soft-float problem.
206 Enable tmpdir override with the $LIBFFI_TMPDIR environment variable.
207 Enable compatibility with MSVC runtime stack checking.
208 Reject float and small integer argument in ffi_prep_cif_var().
209 Callers must promote these types themselves.
213 New API in support of GO closures.
214 Add IEEE754 binary128 long double support for 64-bit Power
215 Default to Microsoft's 64 bit long double ABI with Visual C++.
216 GNU compiler uses 80 bits (128 in memory) FFI_GNUW64 ABI.
217 Add Windows on ARM64 (WOA) support.
218 Add Windows 32-bit ARM support.
219 Raw java (gcj) API deprecated.
220 Add pre-built PDF documentation to source distribution.
221 Many new test cases and bug fixes.
224 Build fix for non-iOS AArch64 targets.
227 Add C99 Complex Type support (currently only supported on
229 Add support for PASCAL and REGISTER calling conventions on x86
231 Add OpenRISC and Cygwin-64 support.
235 Add AArch64 (ARM64) iOS support.
237 Add m88k and DEC VAX support.
238 Add support for stdcall, thiscall, and fastcall on non-Windows
239 32-bit x86 targets such as Linux.
240 Various Android, MIPS N32, x86, FreeBSD and UltraSPARC IIi
242 Make the testsuite more robust: eliminate several spurious
243 failures, and respect the $CC and $CXX environment variables.
244 Archive off the manually maintained ChangeLog in favor of git
249 Add missing Moxie bits.
250 Fix stack alignment bug on 32-bit x86.
251 Build fix for m68000 targets.
252 Build fix for soft-float Power targets.
253 Fix the install dir location for some platforms when building
254 with GCC (OS X, Solaris).
255 Fix Cygwin regression.
260 Add Blackfin support.
261 Add TILE-Gx/TILEPro support.
262 Add MicroBlaze support.
264 Add support for PaX enabled kernels with MPROTECT.
265 Add support for native vendor compilers on
267 Work around LLVM/GCC interoperability issue on x86_64.
271 Add support for variadic functions (ffi_prep_cif_var).
272 Add Linux/x32 support.
273 Add thiscall, fastcall and MSVC cdecl support on Windows.
274 Add Amiga and newer MacOS support.
275 Add m68k FreeMiNT support.
276 Integration with iOS' xcode build tools.
277 Fix Octeon and MC68881 support.
278 Fix code pessimizations.
281 Add support for Apple's iOS.
282 Add support for ARM VFP ABI.
283 Add RTEMS support for MIPS and M68K.
284 Fix instruction cache clearing problems on
286 Fix the N64 build on mips-sgi-irix6.5.
287 Enable builds with Microsoft's compiler.
288 Enable x86 builds with Oracle's Solaris compiler.
289 Fix support for calling code compiled with Oracle's Sparc
291 Testsuite fixes for Tru64 Unix.
292 Additional platform support.
295 Add AVR32 and win64 ports. Add ARM softfp support.
296 Many fixes for AIX, Solaris, HP-UX, *BSD.
297 Several PowerPC and x86-64 bug fixes.
298 Build DLL for windows.
301 Add *BSD, BeOS, and PA-Linux support.
305 (thanks to Andreas Tobler)
308 Fix for closures on sh.
309 Mark the sh/sh64 stack as non-executable.
310 (both thanks to Kaz Kojima)
314 Fix #define ARM for IcedTea users.
318 Fix x86 OpenBSD configury.
321 Enable x86 OpenBSD thanks to Thomas Heller, and
322 x86-64 FreeBSD thanks to Björn König and Andreas Tobler.
323 Clean up test instruction in README.
326 Improved x86 FreeBSD support.
327 Thanks to Björn König.
330 Fix instruction cache flushing bug on MIPS.
331 Thanks to David Daney.
334 Many changes, mostly thanks to the GCC project.
335 Cygnus Solutions is now Red Hat.
340 Raffaele Sena produces ARM port.
343 Fixed x86 long double and long long return support.
344 m68k bug fixes from Andreas Schwab.
345 Patch for DU assembler compatibility for the Alpha from Richard
349 Bug fixes and MIPS configuration changes.
352 Bug fixes and m68k port from Andreas Schwab. PowerPC port from
353 Geoffrey Keating. Various bug x86, Sparc and MIPS bug fixes.
356 Richard Henderson produces Alpha port.
359 Fixed an n32 ABI bug. New libtool, auto* support.
362 libtool is now used to generate shared and static libraries.
363 Fixed a minor portability problem reported by Russ McManus
367 Added --enable-purify-safety to keep Purify from complaining
368 about certain low level code.
369 Sparc fix for calling functions with < 6 args.
373 Added missing ffi_type_void, needed for supporting void return
374 types. Fixed test case for non MIPS machines. Cygnus Support
375 is now Cygnus Solutions.
378 Added notes about GNU make.
381 Added configuration fix for non GNU compilers.
384 Added --enable-debug configure switch. Clean-ups based on LCLint
385 feedback. ffi_mips.h is always installed. Many configuration
386 fixes. Fixed ffitest.c for sparc builds.
389 Fixed n32 problem. Many clean-ups.
392 Gordon Irlam rewrites v8.S again. Bug fixes.
395 Gordon Irlam improved the sparc port.
398 Interface changes based on feedback.
401 Sparc port complete (modulo struct passing bug).
404 Passing struct args, and returning struct values works for
405 all architectures/calling conventions. Expanded tests.
408 Added SGI n32 support. Fixed bugs in both o32 and Linux support.
412 Fixed float passing bug in mips version. Restructured some
413 of the code. Builds cleanly with SGI tools.
416 First release. No public announcement.
421 libffi was originally written by Anthony Green <green@moxielogic.com>.
423 The developers of the GNU Compiler Collection project have made
424 innumerable valuable contributions. See the ChangeLog file for
427 Some of the ideas behind libffi were inspired by Gianni Mariani's free
428 gencall library for Silicon Graphics machines.
430 The closure mechanism was designed and implemented by Kresten Krab
433 Major processor architecture ports were contributed by the following
436 aarch64 Marcus Shawcroft, James Greenhalgh
437 alpha Richard Henderson
438 arc Hackers at Synopsis
441 blackfin Alexandre Keunecke I. de Mendonca
442 cris Simon Posnjak, Hans-Peter Nilsson
443 csky Ma Jun, Zhang Wenmeng
450 metag Hackers at Imagination Technologies
451 microblaze Nathan Rossi
452 mips Anthony Green, Casey Marshall
455 nios ii Sandra Loosemore
456 openrisc Sebastian Macke
457 pa Randolph Chung, Dave Anglin, Andreas Tobler
458 powerpc Geoffrey Keating, Andreas Tobler,
459 David Edelsohn, John Hornkvist
460 powerpc64 Jakub Jelinek
461 riscv Michael Knyszek, Andrew Waterman, Stef O'Rear
462 s390 Gerhard Tonn, Ulrich Weigand
465 sparc Anthony Green, Gordon Irlam
466 tile-gx/tilepro Walter Lee
468 x86 Anthony Green, Jon Beniston
472 Jesper Skov and Andrew Haley both did more than their fair share of
473 stepping through the code and tracking down bugs.
475 Thanks also to Tom Tromey for bug fixes, documentation and
478 Thanks to Jim Blandy, who provided some useful feedback on the libffi
481 Andreas Tobler has done a tremendous amount of work on the testsuite.
483 Alex Oliva solved the executable page problem for SElinux.
485 The list above is almost certainly incomplete and inaccurate. I'm
486 happy to make corrections or additions upon request.
488 If you have a problem, or have found a bug, please file an issue on
489 our issue tracker at https://github.com/libffi/libffi/issues.
491 The author can be reached at green@moxielogic.com.
493 To subscribe/unsubscribe to our mailing lists, visit:
494 https://sourceware.org/mailman/listinfo/libffi-announce
495 https://sourceware.org/mailman/listinfo/libffi-discuss