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2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I. Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Silvius</span> <span class="surname">Rus</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
4 </p></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="part"><a href="intro.html">I.
5 Introduction
7 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II.
8 Standard Contents
10 Support
12 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="diagnostics.html">5.
13 Diagnostics
15 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="concept_checking.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="utilities.html">6.
16 Utilities
18 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="utilities.html#std.util.functors">Functors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pairs.html">Pairs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html">Memory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.allocator">Allocators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270001611968">Interface Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270001608416">Selecting Default Allocation Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270001595120">Disabling Memory Caching</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.using">Using a Specific Allocator</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.custom">Custom Allocators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.ext">Extension Allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.auto_ptr">auto_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.limitations">Limitations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.using">Use in Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.shared_ptr">shared_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270000019344">Class Hierarchy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999996832">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999989536">Selecting Lock Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999974912">Related functions and classes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.using">Use</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999958496">Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999954912">Unresolved Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.ack">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="traits.html">Traits</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="strings.html">7.
19 Strings
21 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#std.strings.string">String Classes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.simple">Simple Transformations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.case">Case Sensitivity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.character_types">Arbitrary Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.token">Tokenizing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.shrink">Shrink to Fit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.Cstring">CString (MFC)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="localization.html">8.
22 Localization
24 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales">Locales</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales.locale">locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locale.impl.c">Interacting with "C" locales</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html">Facets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.ctype">ctype</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#idm269999753024">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.codecvt">codecvt</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.wchar_t_size"><span class="type">wchar_t</span> Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.unicode">Support for Unicode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.issues">Other Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#manual.localization.facet.messages">messages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.models">Models</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.gnu">The GNU Model</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="containers.html">9.
25 Containers
27 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#std.containers.sequences">Sequences</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.list">list</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#sequences.list.size">list::size() is O(n)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.insert_hints">Insertion Hints</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.bitset">bitset</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.size_variable">Size Variable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.type_string">Type String</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html">Unordered Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html#containers.unordered.hash">Hash Code</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html#containers.unordered.cache">Hash Code Caching Policy</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html#containers.c.vs_array">Containers vs. Arrays</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="iterators.html">10.
28 Iterators
30 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#std.iterators.predefined">Predefined</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#iterators.predefined.vs_pointers">Iterators vs. Pointers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#iterators.predefined.end">One Past the End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="algorithms.html">11.
31 Algorithms
33 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#std.algorithms.mutating">Mutating</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.mutating.swap"><code class="function">swap</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.swap.specializations">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="numerics.html">12.
34 Numerics
36 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#std.numerics.complex">Complex</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#numerics.complex.processing">complex Processing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="generalized_numeric_operations.html">Generalized Operations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.array">Numerics vs. Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.c99">C99</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="io.html">13.
37 Input and Output
39 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="io.html#std.io.objects">Iostream Objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html">Stream Buffers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html#io.streambuf.derived">Derived streambuf Classes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html#io.streambuf.buffering">Buffering</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="stringstreams.html">Memory Based Streams</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="stringstreams.html#std.io.memstreams.compat">Compatibility With strstream</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html">File Based Streams</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.copying_a_file">Copying a File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.binary">Binary Input and Output</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html#std.io.c.FILE">Using FILE* and file descriptors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html#std.io.c.sync">Performance</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="atomics.html">14.
40 Atomics
42 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="atomics.html#std.atomics.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="concurrency.html">15.
43 Concurrency
45 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="concurrency.html#std.concurrency.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="extensions.html">III.
46 Extensions
48 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="ext_preface.html"></a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_compile_checks.html">16. Compile Time Checks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="debug_mode.html">17. Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode.html#manual.ext.debug_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_semantics.html">Semantics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_using.html#debug_mode.using.mode">Using the Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_using.html#debug_mode.using.specific">Using a Specific Debug Container</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods">Methods</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.wrappers">The Wrapper Model</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.safe_iter">Safe Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.safe_seq">Safe Sequences (Containers)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.precond">Precondition Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.coexistence">Release- and debug-mode coexistence</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.compile">Compile-time coexistence of release- and debug-mode components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.link">Link- and run-time coexistence of release- and
49 debug-mode components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.alt">Alternatives for Coexistence</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.other">Other Implementations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="parallel_mode.html">18. Parallel Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode.html#manual.ext.parallel_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_semantics.html">Semantics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.prereq_flags">Prerequisite Compiler Flags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.parallel_mode">Using Parallel Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.specific">Using Specific Parallel Components</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.intro">Interface Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning">Configuration and Tuning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.omp">Setting up the OpenMP Environment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.compile">Compile Time Switches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.settings">Run Time Settings and Defaults</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.impl">Implementation Namespaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_test.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="parallel_mode.html#parallel_mode.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="profile_mode.html">19. Profile Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.using">Using the Profile Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.tuning">Tuning the Profile Mode</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.wrapper">Wrapper Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.instrumentation">Instrumentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.rtlib">Run Time Behavior</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.analysis">Analysis and Diagnostics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.cost-model">Cost Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.reports">Reports</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.testing">Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_api.html">Extensions for Custom Containers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_cost_model.html">Empirical Cost Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html">Implementation Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.stack">Stack Traces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.symbols">Symbolization of Instruction Addresses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.concurrency">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.stdlib-in-proflib">Using the Standard Library in the Instrumentation Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.malloc-hooks">Malloc Hooks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.construction-destruction">Construction and Destruction of Global Objects</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_devel.html">Developer Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_devel.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.bigpic">Big Picture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_devel.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.howto">How To Add A Diagnostic</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html">Diagnostics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.template">Diagnostic Template</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.containers">Containers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_too_small">Hashtable Too Small</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_too_large">Hashtable Too Large</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.inefficient_hash">Inefficient Hash</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_too_small">Vector Too Small</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_too_large">Vector Too Large</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_to_hashtable">Vector to Hashtable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_to_vector">Hashtable to Vector</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_to_list">Vector to List</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.list_to_vector">List to Vector</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.list_to_slist">List to Forward List (Slist)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.assoc_ord_to_unord">Ordered to Unordered Associative Container</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.algorithms">Algorithms</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.algorithms.sort">Sort Algorithm Performance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality">Data Locality</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality.sw_prefetch">Need Software Prefetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality.linked">Linked Structure Locality</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.mthread">Multithreaded Data Access</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.mthread.ddtest">Data Dependence Violations at Container Level</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.mthread.false_share">False Sharing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.statistics">Statistics</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="profile_mode.html#profile_mode.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="mt_allocator.html">20. The mt_allocator</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator.html#allocator.mt.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_design.html">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_design.html#allocator.mt.overview">Overview</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.tune">Tunable Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.init">Initialization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.deallocation">Deallocation Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_ex_single.html">Single Thread Example</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_ex_multi.html">Multiple Thread Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html">21. The bitmap_allocator</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html#allocator.bitmap.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.free_list_store">Free List Store</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.super_block">Super Block</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.super_block_data">Super Block Data Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.max_wasted">Maximum Wasted Percentage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.allocate"><code class="function">allocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.deallocate"><code class="function">deallocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.questions">Questions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.1">1</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.2">2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.3">3</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.locality">Locality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.grow_policy">Overhead and Grow Policy</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="policy_data_structures.html">22. Policy-Based Data Structures</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues">Performance Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues.priority_queue">Priority Que</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation">Goals</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.policy">Policy Choices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.underlying">Underlying Data Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.iterators">Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.functions">Functional</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation.priority_queue">Priority Queues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.policy">Policy Choices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.underlying">Underlying Data Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.binary_heap">Binary Heaps</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.organization">Organization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial">Tutorial</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.basic">Basic Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.configuring">
50 Configuring via Template Parameters
51 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.traits">
52 Querying Container Attributes
53 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.point_range_iteration">
54 Point and Range Iteration
55 </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.basic">Intermediate Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.query">Querying with <code class="classname">container_traits</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container">By Container Method</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container.hash">Hash-Based</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container.branch">Branch-Based</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container.priority_queue">Priority Queues</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts">Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.null_type">Null Policy Classes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.associative_semantics">Map and Set Semantics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.associative_semantics.set_vs_map">
56 Distinguishing Between Maps and Sets
57 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.associative_semantics.multi">Alternatives to <code class="classname">std::multiset</code> and <code class="classname">std::multimap</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.iterator_semantics">Iterator Semantics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.iterator_semantics.point_and_range">Point and Range Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.iterator_semantics.both">Distinguishing Point and Range Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.invalidation">Invalidation Guarantees</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.genericity">Genericity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.genericity.tag">Tag</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.genericity.traits">Traits</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container">By Container</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.hash">hash</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.hash.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.hash.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.tree">tree</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.tree.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.tree.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.trie">Trie</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.trie.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.trie.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.list">List</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.list.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.list.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.priority_queue">Priority Queue</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.priority_queue.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.priority_queue.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.regression">Regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.performance">Performance</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash">Hash-Based</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.text_find">
59 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.int_find">
61 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.int_subscript_find">
63 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.int_subscript_insert">
65 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.zlob_int_find">
67 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.erase_mem">
68 Erase Memory Use
69 </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch">Branch-Based</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.text_insert">
71 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.text_find">
73 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.text_lor_find">
75 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.split_join">
77 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.order_statistics">
78 Order-Statistics
79 </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap">Multimap</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_find_small">
81 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_find_large">
83 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_small">
85 Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios
86 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_large">
88 Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios
89 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_mem_small">
91 Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios Memory Use
92 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_mem_large">
94 Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios Memory Use
95 </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue">Priority Queue</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_push">
97 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_push_pop">
99 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.int_push">
101 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.int_push_pop">
103 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_pop">
105 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_join">
107 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_modify_up">
109 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_modify_down">
111 </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.performance.observations">Observations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.priority_queue">Priority_Queue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_ack.html">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_containers.html">23. HP/SGI Extensions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_containers.html#manual.ext.containers.sgi">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_sgi.html">Deprecated</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_utilities.html">24. Utilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_algorithms.html">25. Algorithms</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_numerics.html">26. Numerics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_iterators.html">27. Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_io.html">28. Input and Output</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_io.html#manual.ext.io.filebuf_derived">Derived filebufs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_demangling.html">29. Demangling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_concurrency.html">30. Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.threads">Interface to Locks and Mutexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.atomics">Interface to Atomic Functions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.atomic_fallbacks">Using Builtin Atomic Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.thread">Thread Abstraction</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_use.html">Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="appendix.html">IV.
112 Appendices
114 Contributing
116 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#contrib.list">Contributor Checklist</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.reading">Reading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.copyright">Assignment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.getting">Getting Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.patches">Submitting Patches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_organization.html">Directory Layout and Source Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html">Coding Style</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.bad_identifiers">Bad Identifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.example">By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_design_notes.html">Design Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_porting.html">B.
117 Porting and Maintenance
119 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#appendix.porting.build_hacking">Configure and Build Hacking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview">Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.basic">General Process</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.map">What Comes from Where</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure">Configure</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.scripts">Storing Information in non-AC files (like configure.host)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.conventions">Coding and Commenting Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.acinclude">The acinclude.m4 layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.enable"><code class="constant">GLIBCXX_ENABLE</code>, the <code class="literal">--enable</code> maker</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.make">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html">Writing and Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.intro">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.generation">Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.doxygen">Doxygen</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.rules">Generating the Doxygen Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.markup">Markup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.docbook">Docbook</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.rules">Generating the DocBook Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.validation">Editing and Validation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.examples">File Organization and Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.markup">Markup By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html">Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.os">Operating System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.cpu">CPU</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.char_types">Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.numeric_limits">Numeric Limits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.libtool">Libtool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html">Test</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization">Organization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.layout">Directory Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.naming">Naming Conventions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run">Running the Testsuite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.basic">Basic</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.variations">Variations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.permutations">Permutations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.new_tests">Writing a new test case</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness">Test Harness and Utilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.dejagnu">Dejagnu Harness Details</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.utils">Utilities</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.special">Special Topics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety">
120 Qualifying Exception Safety Guarantees
122 </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety.overview">Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety.status">
123 Existing tests
125 C++11 Requirements Test Sequence Descriptions
126 </a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.cxx_interface">The C++ Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning">Versioning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.history">History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.config">Configuring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.active">Checking Active</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_allowed">Allowed Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_no">Prohibited Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.single">Single ABI Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.multi">Multiple ABI Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.issues">Outstanding Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html">API Evolution and Deprecation History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_300"><code class="constant">3.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_310"><code class="constant">3.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_320"><code class="constant">3.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_330"><code class="constant">3.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_340"><code class="constant">3.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_400"><code class="constant">4.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_410"><code class="constant">4.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_420"><code class="constant">4.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_430"><code class="constant">4.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_440"><code class="constant">4.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_450"><code class="constant">4.5</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first">First</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.ios_base">No <code class="code">ios_base</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.cout_cin">No <code class="code">cout</code> in <code class="filename"><ostream.h></code>, no <code class="code">cin</code> in <code class="filename"><istream.h></code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second">Second</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.std">Namespace <code class="code">std::</code> not supported</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iterators">Illegal iterator usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.isspace"><code class="code">isspace</code> from <code class="filename"><cctype></code> is a macro
127 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.at">No <code class="code">vector::at</code>, <code class="code">deque::at</code>, <code class="code">string::at</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.eof">No <code class="code">std::char_traits<char>::eof</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.stringclear">No <code class="code">string::clear</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.ostreamform_istreamscan">
129 extensions
130 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.stringstreams">No <code class="code">basic_stringbuf</code>, <code class="code">basic_stringstream</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.wchar">Little or no wide character support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iostream_templates">No templatized iostreams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.thread_safety">Thread safety issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third">Third</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.headers">Pre-ISO headers moved to backwards or removed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.hash">Extension headers hash_map, hash_set moved to ext or backwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.nocreate_noreplace">No <code class="code">ios::nocreate/ios::noreplace</code>.
131 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.streamattach">
133 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.support_cxx98">
134 Support for C++98 dialect.
136 Support for C++TR1 dialect.
137 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.support_cxx11">
138 Support for C++11 dialect.
139 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.iterator_type">
140 <code class="code">Container::iterator_type</code> is not necessarily <code class="code">Container::value_type*</code>
141 </a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_free.html">C.
142 Free Software Needs Free Documentation
146 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_gfdl.html">E. GNU Free Documentation License</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="list-of-figures"><p><strong>List of Figures</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997917584">Node Invariants</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997910864">Underlying Associative Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997879168">Range Iteration in Different Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997864256">Point Iteration in Hash Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997855056">Effect of erase in different underlying data structures</a></dt><dt>22.6. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997787392">Underlying Priority Queue Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.7. <a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#idm269997724688">Exception Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.8. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997530416">Non-unique Mapping Standard Containers</a></dt><dt>22.9. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#fig.pbds_embedded_lists_2">
147 Effect of embedded lists in
149 </a></dt><dt>22.10. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997506912">Non-unique Mapping Containers</a></dt><dt>22.11. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997487104">Point Iterator Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.12. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997473760">Invalidation Guarantee Tags Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.13. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997443664">Container Tag Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.14. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997403584">Hash functions, ranged-hash functions, and
150 range-hashing functions</a></dt><dt>22.15. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997339216">Insert hash sequence diagram</a></dt><dt>22.16. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997332160">Insert hash sequence diagram with a null policy</a></dt><dt>22.17. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997315408">Hash policy class diagram</a></dt><dt>22.18. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997296368">Balls and bins</a></dt><dt>22.19. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997265648">Insert resize sequence diagram</a></dt><dt>22.20. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997257872">Standard resize policy trigger sequence
151 diagram</a></dt><dt>22.21. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997253712">Standard resize policy size sequence
152 diagram</a></dt><dt>22.22. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997175616">Tree node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.23. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997166176">Tree node invalidation</a></dt><dt>22.24. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997153072">A tree and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.25. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997141408">Restoring node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.26. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997133232">Insert update sequence</a></dt><dt>22.27. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997110976">Useless update path</a></dt><dt>22.28. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997066288">A PATRICIA trie</a></dt><dt>22.29. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997055856">A trie and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.30. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997025344">A simple list</a></dt><dt>22.31. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997019760">The counter algorithm</a></dt><dt>22.32. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269996955920">Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</a></dt><dt>22.33. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269996920880">Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#idm269993497120">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#idm270008034928">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#idm270007982624">C++ 2011 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#idm270006687472">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#idm270002960368">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#idm270002481088">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002453792">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002417312">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002392576">C++ 2011 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002341136">C++ 2011 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002311248">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002294320">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002273248">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002267728">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002261328">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002225600">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002210832">Extension Profile Headers</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002197456">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#idm269999040896">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#idm269998996000">Debugging Containers C++11</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="parallel_mode_using.html#idm269998805216">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>19.1. <a href="profile_mode_design.html#idm269998550064">Profile Code Location</a></dt><dt>19.2. <a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#idm269998442544">Profile Diagnostics</a></dt><dt>21.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#idm269998030352">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993370272">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993294592">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993275152">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993197520">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993173376">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#idm269992502096">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#idm269992474464">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-equations"><p><strong>List of Equations</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997389776">Ranged Hash Function</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997383888">Range-Hashing, Division Method</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997379376">Division via Prime Modulo</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997377552">Division via Bit Mask</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997367984">
153 A Standard String Hash Function
155 Only k String DNA Hash
157 Probability of Probe Sequence of Length k
159 Probability Probe Sequence in Some Bin
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161 Introduction
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