1 @c Copyright (C) 1999-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 @c This is part of the CPP and GCC manuals.
3 @c For copying conditions, see the file gcc.texi.
5 @c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
6 @c Options affecting include directory search in the preprocessor
7 @c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
9 @c If this file is included with the flag ``cppmanual'' set, it is
10 @c formatted for inclusion in the CPP manual; otherwise the main GCC manual.
13 @itemx -iquote @var{dir}
14 @itemx -isystem @var{dir}
15 @itemx -idirafter @var{dir}
20 Add the directory @var{dir} to the list of directories to be searched
21 for header files during preprocessing.
25 If @var{dir} begins with @samp{=} or @code{$SYSROOT}, then the @samp{=}
26 or @code{$SYSROOT} is replaced by the sysroot prefix; see
27 @option{--sysroot} and @option{-isysroot}.
29 Directories specified with @option{-iquote} apply only to the quote
30 form of the directive, @code{@w{#include "@var{file}"}}.
31 Directories specified with @option{-I}, @option{-isystem},
32 or @option{-idirafter} apply to lookup for both the
33 @code{@w{#include "@var{file}"}} and
34 @code{@w{#include <@var{file}>}} directives.
36 You can specify any number or combination of these options on the
37 command line to search for header files in several directories.
38 The lookup order is as follows:
42 For the quote form of the include directive, the directory of the current
43 file is searched first.
46 For the quote form of the include directive, the directories specified
47 by @option{-iquote} options are searched in left-to-right order,
48 as they appear on the command line.
51 Directories specified with @option{-I} options are scanned in
55 Directories specified with @option{-isystem} options are scanned in
59 Standard system directories are scanned.
62 Directories specified with @option{-idirafter} options are scanned in
66 You can use @option{-I} to override a system header
67 file, substituting your own version, since these directories are
68 searched before the standard system header file directories.
70 not use this option to add directories that contain vendor-supplied
71 system header files; use @option{-isystem} for that.
73 The @option{-isystem} and @option{-idirafter} options also mark the directory
74 as a system directory, so that it gets the same special treatment that
75 is applied to the standard system directories.
77 @xref{System Headers}.
80 If a standard system include directory, or a directory specified with
81 @option{-isystem}, is also specified with @option{-I}, the @option{-I}
82 option is ignored. The directory is still searched but as a
83 system directory at its normal position in the system include chain.
84 This is to ensure that GCC's procedure to fix buggy system headers and
85 the ordering for the @code{#include_next} directive are not inadvertently
87 If you really need to change the search order for system directories,
88 use the @option{-nostdinc} and/or @option{-isystem} options.
90 @xref{System Headers}.
95 Split the include path.
96 This option has been deprecated. Please use @option{-iquote} instead for
97 @option{-I} directories before the @option{-I-} and remove the @option{-I-}
100 Any directories specified with @option{-I}
101 options before @option{-I-} are searched only for headers requested with
102 @code{@w{#include "@var{file}"}}; they are not searched for
103 @code{@w{#include <@var{file}>}}. If additional directories are
104 specified with @option{-I} options after the @option{-I-}, those
105 directories are searched for all @samp{#include} directives.
107 In addition, @option{-I-} inhibits the use of the directory of the current
108 file directory as the first search directory for @code{@w{#include
109 "@var{file}"}}. There is no way to override this effect of @option{-I-}.
114 @item -iprefix @var{prefix}
116 Specify @var{prefix} as the prefix for subsequent @option{-iwithprefix}
117 options. If the prefix represents a directory, you should include the
120 @item -iwithprefix @var{dir}
121 @itemx -iwithprefixbefore @var{dir}
123 @opindex iwithprefixbefore
124 Append @var{dir} to the prefix specified previously with
125 @option{-iprefix}, and add the resulting directory to the include search
126 path. @option{-iwithprefixbefore} puts it in the same place @option{-I}
127 would; @option{-iwithprefix} puts it where @option{-idirafter} would.
129 @item -isysroot @var{dir}
131 This option is like the @option{--sysroot} option, but applies only to
132 header files (except for Darwin targets, where it applies to both header
133 files and libraries). See the @option{--sysroot} option for more
136 @item -imultilib @var{dir}
138 Use @var{dir} as a subdirectory of the directory containing
139 target-specific C++ headers.
143 Do not search the standard system directories for header files.
144 Only the directories explicitly specified with @option{-I},
145 @option{-iquote}, @option{-isystem}, and/or @option{-idirafter}
146 options (and the directory of the current file, if appropriate)
151 Do not search for header files in the C++-specific standard directories,
152 but do still search the other standard directories. (This option is
153 used when building the C++ library.)