gcc/analyzer/sm-signal.cc

   1 /* An experimental state machine, for tracking bad calls from within
   2    signal handlers.
   3
   4    Copyright (C) 2019-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   5    Contributed by David Malcolm <dmalcolm@redhat.com>.
   6
   7 This file is part of GCC.
   8
   9 GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  10 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  11 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
  12 any later version.
  13
  14 GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  15 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  16 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  17 General Public License for more details.
  18
  19 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  20 along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
  21 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
  22
  23 #include "config.h"
  24 #define INCLUDE_MEMORY
  25 #include "system.h"
  26 #include "coretypes.h"
  27 #include "make-unique.h"
  28 #include "tree.h"
  29 #include "function.h"
  30 #include "basic-block.h"
  31 #include "gimple.h"
  32 #include "options.h"
  33 #include "bitmap.h"
  34 #include "diagnostic-path.h"
  35 #include "diagnostic-metadata.h"
  36 #include "analyzer/analyzer.h"
  37 #include "diagnostic-event-id.h"
  38 #include "analyzer/analyzer-logging.h"
  39 #include "analyzer/sm.h"
  40 #include "analyzer/pending-diagnostic.h"
  41 #include "sbitmap.h"
  42 #include "ordered-hash-map.h"
  43 #include "selftest.h"
  44 #include "analyzer/call-string.h"
  45 #include "analyzer/program-point.h"
  46 #include "analyzer/store.h"
  47 #include "analyzer/region-model.h"
  48 #include "analyzer/program-state.h"
  49 #include "analyzer/checker-path.h"
  50 #include "cfg.h"
  51 #include "gimple-iterator.h"
  52 #include "cgraph.h"
  53 #include "analyzer/supergraph.h"
  54 #include "analyzer/diagnostic-manager.h"
  55 #include "shortest-paths.h"
  56 #include "analyzer/exploded-graph.h"
  57 #include "analyzer/function-set.h"
  58 #include "analyzer/analyzer-selftests.h"
  59
  60 #if ENABLE_ANALYZER
  61
  62 namespace ana {
  63
  64 namespace {
  65
  66 /* An experimental state machine, for tracking calls to async-signal-unsafe
  67    functions from within signal handlers.  */
  68
  69 class signal_state_machine : public state_machine
  70 {
  71 public:
  72   signal_state_machine (logger *logger);
  73
  74   bool inherited_state_p () const final override { return false; }
  75
  76   bool on_stmt (sm_context *sm_ctxt,
  77                 const supernode *node,
  78                 const gimple *stmt) const final override;
  79
  80   bool can_purge_p (state_t s) const final override;
  81
  82   /* These states are "global", rather than per-expression.  */
  83
  84   /* State for when we're in a signal handler.  */
  85   state_t m_in_signal_handler;
  86
  87   /* Stop state.  */
  88   state_t m_stop;
  89 };
  90
  91 /* Concrete subclass for describing call to an async-signal-unsafe function
  92    from a signal handler.  */
  93
  94 class signal_unsafe_call
  95   : public pending_diagnostic_subclass<signal_unsafe_call>
  96 {
  97 public:
  98   signal_unsafe_call (const signal_state_machine &sm, const gcall *unsafe_call,
  99                       tree unsafe_fndecl)
 100   : m_sm (sm), m_unsafe_call (unsafe_call), m_unsafe_fndecl (unsafe_fndecl)
 101   {
 102     gcc_assert (m_unsafe_fndecl);
 103   }
 104
 105   const char *get_kind () const final override { return "signal_unsafe_call"; }
 106
 107   bool operator== (const signal_unsafe_call &other) const
 108   {
 109     return m_unsafe_call == other.m_unsafe_call;
 110   }
 111
 112   int get_controlling_option () const final override
 113   {
 114     return OPT_Wanalyzer_unsafe_call_within_signal_handler;
 115   }
 116
 117   bool emit (rich_location *rich_loc, logger *) final override
 118   {
 119     auto_diagnostic_group d;
 120     diagnostic_metadata m;
 121     /* CWE-479: Signal Handler Use of a Non-reentrant Function.  */
 122     m.add_cwe (479);
 123     if (warning_meta (rich_loc, m, get_controlling_option (),
 124                       "call to %qD from within signal handler",
 125                       m_unsafe_fndecl))
 126       {
 127         /* If we know a possible alternative function, add a note
 128            suggesting the replacement.  */
 129         if (const char *replacement = get_replacement_fn ())
 130           {
 131             location_t note_loc = gimple_location (m_unsafe_call);
 132             /* It would be nice to add a fixit, but the gimple call
 133                location covers the whole call expression.  It isn't
 134                currently possible to cut this down to just the call
 135                symbol.  So the fixit would replace too much.
 136                note_rich_loc.add_fixit_replace (replacement); */
 137             inform (note_loc,
 138                     "%qs is a possible signal-safe alternative for %qD",
 139                     replacement, m_unsafe_fndecl);
 140           }
 141         return true;
 142       }
 143     return false;
 144   }
 145
 146   label_text describe_state_change (const evdesc::state_change &change)
 147     final override
 148   {
 149     if (change.is_global_p ()
 150         && change.m_new_state == m_sm.m_in_signal_handler)
 151       {
 152         function *handler = change.m_event.get_dest_function ();
 153         return change.formatted_print ("registering %qD as signal handler",
 154                                        handler->decl);
 155       }
 156     return label_text ();
 157   }
 158
 159   label_text describe_final_event (const evdesc::final_event &ev) final override
 160   {
 161     return ev.formatted_print ("call to %qD from within signal handler",
 162                                m_unsafe_fndecl);
 163   }
 164
 165 private:
 166   const signal_state_machine &m_sm;
 167   const gcall *m_unsafe_call;
 168   tree m_unsafe_fndecl;
 169
 170   /* Returns a replacement function as text if it exists.  Currently
 171      only "exit" has a signal-safe replacement "_exit", which does
 172      slightly less, but can be used in a signal handler.  */
 173   const char *
 174   get_replacement_fn ()
 175   {
 176     gcc_assert (m_unsafe_fndecl && DECL_P (m_unsafe_fndecl));
 177
 178     if (id_equal ("exit", DECL_NAME (m_unsafe_fndecl)))
 179       return "_exit";
 180
 181     return NULL;
 182   }
 183 };
 184
 185 /* signal_state_machine's ctor.  */
 186
 187 signal_state_machine::signal_state_machine (logger *logger)
 188 : state_machine ("signal", logger)
 189 {
 190   m_in_signal_handler = add_state ("in_signal_handler");
 191   m_stop = add_state ("stop");
 192 }
 193
 194 /* Update MODEL for edges that simulate HANDLER_FUN being called as
 195    an signal-handler in response to a signal.  */
 196
 197 static void
 198 update_model_for_signal_handler (region_model *model,
 199                                  function *handler_fun)
 200 {
 201   gcc_assert (model);
 202   /* Purge all state within MODEL.  */
 203   *model = region_model (model->get_manager ());
 204   model->push_frame (handler_fun, NULL, NULL);
 205 }
 206
 207 /* Custom exploded_edge info: entry into a signal-handler.  */
 208
 209 class signal_delivery_edge_info_t : public custom_edge_info
 210 {
 211 public:
 212   void print (pretty_printer *pp) const final override
 213   {
 214     pp_string (pp, "signal delivered");
 215   }
 216
 217   json::object *to_json () const
 218   {
 219     json::object *custom_obj = new json::object ();
 220     return custom_obj;
 221   }
 222
 223   bool update_model (region_model *model,
 224                      const exploded_edge *eedge,
 225                      region_model_context *) const final override
 226   {
 227     gcc_assert (eedge);
 228     update_model_for_signal_handler (model, eedge->m_dest->get_function ());
 229     return true;
 230   }
 231
 232   void add_events_to_path (checker_path *emission_path,
 233                            const exploded_edge &eedge ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 234     const final override
 235   {
 236     emission_path->add_event
 237       (make_unique<precanned_custom_event>
 238        (event_loc_info (UNKNOWN_LOCATION, NULL_TREE, 0),
 239         "later on,"
 240         " when the signal is delivered to the process"));
 241   }
 242 };
 243
 244 /* Concrete subclass of custom_transition for modeling registration of a
 245    signal handler and the signal handler later being called.  */
 246
 247 class register_signal_handler : public custom_transition
 248 {
 249 public:
 250   register_signal_handler (const signal_state_machine &sm,
 251                            tree fndecl)
 252   : m_sm (sm), m_fndecl (fndecl) {}
 253
 254   /* Model a signal-handler FNDECL being called at some later point
 255      by injecting an edge to a new function-entry node with an empty
 256      callstring, setting the 'in-signal-handler' global state
 257      on the node.  */
 258   void impl_transition (exploded_graph *eg,
 259                         exploded_node *src_enode,
 260                         int sm_idx) final override
 261   {
 262     function *handler_fun = DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (m_fndecl);
 263     if (!handler_fun)
 264       return;
 265     const extrinsic_state &ext_state = eg->get_ext_state ();
 266     program_point entering_handler
 267       = program_point::from_function_entry (*ext_state.get_model_manager (),
 268                                             eg->get_supergraph (),
 269                                             handler_fun);
 270
 271     program_state state_entering_handler (ext_state);
 272     update_model_for_signal_handler (state_entering_handler.m_region_model,
 273                                      handler_fun);
 274     state_entering_handler.m_checker_states[sm_idx]->set_global_state
 275       (m_sm.m_in_signal_handler);
 276
 277     exploded_node *dst_enode = eg->get_or_create_node (entering_handler,
 278                                                        state_entering_handler,
 279                                                        src_enode);
 280     if (dst_enode)
 281       eg->add_edge (src_enode, dst_enode, NULL, /*state_change (),*/
 282                     make_unique<signal_delivery_edge_info_t> ());
 283   }
 284
 285   const signal_state_machine &m_sm;
 286   tree m_fndecl;
 287 };
 288
 289 /* Get a set of functions that are known to be unsafe to call from an
 290    async signal handler.  */
 291
 292 static function_set
 293 get_async_signal_unsafe_fns ()
 294 {
 295   // TODO: populate this list more fully
 296   static const char * const async_signal_unsafe_fns[] = {
 297     /* This array must be kept sorted.  */
 298     "exit",
 299     "fprintf",
 300     "free",
 301     "malloc",
 302     "printf",
 303     "snprintf",
 304     "sprintf",
 305     "vfprintf",
 306     "vprintf",
 307     "vsnprintf",
 308     "vsprintf"
 309   };
 310   const size_t count = ARRAY_SIZE (async_signal_unsafe_fns);
 311   function_set fs (async_signal_unsafe_fns, count);
 312   return fs;
 313 }
 314
 315 /* Return true if FNDECL is known to be unsafe to call from a signal
 316    handler.  */
 317
 318 static bool
 319 signal_unsafe_p (tree fndecl)
 320 {
 321   function_set fs = get_async_signal_unsafe_fns ();
 322   return fs.contains_decl_p (fndecl);
 323 }
 324
 325 /* Implementation of state_machine::on_stmt vfunc for signal_state_machine.  */
 326
 327 bool
 328 signal_state_machine::on_stmt (sm_context *sm_ctxt,
 329                                const supernode *node,
 330                                const gimple *stmt) const
 331 {
 332   const state_t global_state = sm_ctxt->get_global_state ();
 333   if (global_state == m_start)
 334     {
 335       if (const gcall *call = dyn_cast <const gcall *> (stmt))
 336         if (tree callee_fndecl = sm_ctxt->get_fndecl_for_call (call))
 337           if (is_named_call_p (callee_fndecl, "signal", call, 2))
 338             {
 339               tree handler = gimple_call_arg (call, 1);
 340               if (TREE_CODE (handler) == ADDR_EXPR
 341                   && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (handler, 0)) == FUNCTION_DECL)
 342                 {
 343                   tree fndecl = TREE_OPERAND (handler, 0);
 344                   register_signal_handler rsh (*this, fndecl);
 345                   sm_ctxt->on_custom_transition (&rsh);
 346                 }
 347             }
 348     }
 349   else if (global_state == m_in_signal_handler)
 350     {
 351       if (const gcall *call = dyn_cast <const gcall *> (stmt))
 352         if (tree callee_fndecl = sm_ctxt->get_fndecl_for_call (call))
 353           if (signal_unsafe_p (callee_fndecl))
 354             if (sm_ctxt->get_global_state () == m_in_signal_handler)
 355               sm_ctxt->warn (node, stmt, NULL_TREE,
 356                              make_unique<signal_unsafe_call>
 357                                (*this, call, callee_fndecl));
 358     }
 359
 360   return false;
 361 }
 362
 363 bool
 364 signal_state_machine::can_purge_p (state_t s ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const
 365 {
 366   return true;
 367 }
 368
 369 } // anonymous namespace
 370
 371 /* Internal interface to this file. */
 372
 373 state_machine *
 374 make_signal_state_machine (logger *logger)
 375 {
 376   return new signal_state_machine (logger);
 377 }
 378
 379 #if CHECKING_P
 380
 381 namespace selftest {
 382
 383 /* Run all of the selftests within this file.  */
 384
 385 void
 386 analyzer_sm_signal_cc_tests ()
 387 {
 388   function_set fs = get_async_signal_unsafe_fns ();
 389   fs.assert_sorted ();
 390   fs.assert_sane ();
 391 }
 392
 393 } // namespace selftest
 394
 395 #endif /* CHECKING_P */
 396
 397 } // namespace ana
 398
 399 #endif /* #if ENABLE_ANALYZER */