staging/tools.c

   1 /*
   2  * Mausezahn - A fast versatile traffic generator
   3  * Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Herbert Haas
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
   6  * the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by the
   7  * Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
  11  * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
  12  * details.
  13  *
  14  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
  15  * this program; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html
  16  *
  17 */
  18
  19
  20
  21 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  22 //
  23 //  Contains various tools to ease development of new modules:
  24 //
  25 //  getarg  ............. scans string for arguments and returns assigned value
  26 //  str2int ............. Converts a string into unsigned long int in a safe way
  27 //  str2lint ............ Same as str2int but returns an unsigned long long int
  28 //  xstr2int ............ Same as str2int but expects hex digits
  29 //  xstr2lint ........... Same as above but returns an unsigned long long int
  30 //  get_ip_range_dst .... Parses string for an IP range and sets start/stop addresses
  31 //  get_ip_range_src .... Same for source addresses
  32 //  check_eth_mac_txt ... Scans tx.eth_dst|src_txt and sets tx.eth_dst|src appropriately
  33 //  get_port_range ...... Parses string for a dst|src-port range and sets start/stop values
  34 //  get_tcp_flags ....... Parses string for TCP arguments and sets tx.tcp_control
  35 //  get_mpls_params ..... Parses string for MPLS parameters (label, exp, BOS, TTL)
  36 //  exists .............. Parses a string for a single character and returns "1" if found
  37 //  mz_strisbinary ...... Checks whether string consists only of 0 and 1, returns how many digits total
  38 //  str2bin8 ............ Converts a string containing max 8 binary digits into a number
  39 //  str2bin16 ........... Converts a string containing max 16 binary digits into a number
  40 //  char2bits ........... Converts a char into a string containing ones and zeros
  41 //  getfullpath_cfg ..... Creates a full filename with path to the desired config directory
  42 //  getfullpath_log ..... Creates a full filename with path to the desired logging directory
  43 //  mz_strncpy .......... A safer implementation of strncpy
  44 //  number_of_args ...... Returns number of arguments of the Mausezahn argument string
  45 //  mz_strisnum ......... Returns 1 if string only consists of decimal digits
  46 //  mz_strishex ......... Returns 1 if string only consists of hexadecimal digits
  47 //  mz_strcmp ........... Matches a string or a prefix of it with given min-length
  48 //                        Example usage: User CLI input
  49 //  mz_tok .............. Decomposes a string into tokens and maps them to args
  50 //                        Example usage: IPv6-addresses, user input for MPLS-tags
  51 //  delay_parse ......... Parses one or two strings for a delay specification and sets a struct timespec
  52 //
  53 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  54
  55 #include "mz.h"
  56
  57
  58
  59 // Scan 'str' for an argument 'arg_name' and returns its value in arg_value
  60 // Return value: number of occurences of arg_name
  61 // Note that if arg_name occurs multiple times, the last found value is returned.
  62 // If last argument (arg_value) is set to NULL it will be ignored.
  63 // Example:
  64 //   int i;
  65 //   char ip[64];
  66 //   i = getarg ("request, da=10.1.1.2, SYN", "da", ip);
  67 // ...will assign "10.1.1.2" to ip and the occurence i is set to 1.
  68 int getarg(char *str, char *arg_name, char *arg_value)
  69 {
  70    char tmp[MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
  71    char *str1, *str2, *token, *subtoken;
  72    char *saveptr1, *saveptr2;
  73    int j, occurence=0;
  74
  75    strncpy(tmp,str,MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE); // only operate on local strings
  76
  77    for (j = 1, str1 = tmp; ; j++, str1 = NULL)
  78      {
  79
  80         token = strtok_r(str1, ",", &saveptr1);
  81         if (token == NULL)
  82           break;
  83
  84         str2 = token;
  85         if ( (subtoken = strtok_r(str2, " =", &saveptr2))!=NULL)
  86           {
  87              if (strcasecmp(subtoken,arg_name)==0)
  88                {
  89                   occurence+=1;
  90                   //printf("found %s\n",arg_name);
  91                   if ( (subtoken = strtok_r(NULL, " =", &saveptr2))!=NULL)
  92                     {
  93                        // argument has a value!
  94                        //printf("%s has value: [%s]\n",arg_name, subtoken);
  95                        if (arg_value!=NULL)
  96                          {
  97                             strcpy(arg_value,subtoken);
  98                          }
  99                     }
 100                }
 101           }
 102         else
 103           break;
 104      }
 105    return occurence;
 106 }
 107
 108
 109 // Convert str to (unsigned long) int
 110 // Return value: the unsigned long int
 111 unsigned long int str2int(char *str)
 112 {
 113    unsigned long int i;
 114
 115    errno=0;
 116
 117    i = strtoul(str, (char **)NULL, 10);
 118
 119    if ((errno == ERANGE && (i == ULONG_MAX))
 120        || (errno != 0 && i == 0))
 121      {
 122         perror("strtoul");
 123      }
 124
 125    return i;
 126 }
 127
 128
 129
 130 // Convert str to (unsigned long long) int
 131 // Return value: the unsigned long long int
 132 unsigned long long int str2lint(char *str)
 133 {
 134    unsigned long long int i;
 135
 136    errno=0;
 137
 138    i = strtoull(str, (char **)NULL, 10);
 139
 140    if ((errno == ERANGE && (i == ULLONG_MAX))
 141        || (errno != 0 && i == 0))
 142      {
 143         perror("strtoull");
 144      }
 145
 146    return i;
 147 }
 148
 149
 150 // Convert hex-str to (unsigned long) int
 151 // Return value: the unsigned long int
 152 unsigned long int xstr2int(char *str)
 153 {
 154    unsigned long int i;
 155
 156    errno=0;
 157
 158    i = strtoul(str, (char **)NULL, 16);
 159
 160    if ((errno == ERANGE && (i == ULONG_MAX))
 161        || (errno != 0 && i == 0))
 162      {
 163
 164         perror("strtoul");
 165      }
 166
 167    return i;
 168 }
 169
 170
 171 // Convert hex-str to (unsigned long long) int
 172 // Return value: the unsigned long long int
 173 unsigned long long int xstr2lint(char *str)
 174 {
 175    unsigned long long int i;
 176
 177    errno=0;
 178
 179    i = strtoull(str, (char **)NULL, 16);
 180
 181    if ((errno == ERANGE && (i == ULLONG_MAX))
 182        || (errno != 0 && i == 0))
 183      {
 184         perror("strtoull");
 185      }
 186
 187    return i;
 188 }
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193 // Parses string 'arg' for an IP range and finds start and stop IP addresses.
 194 // Return value: 0 upon success, 1 upon failure.
 195 //
 196 // NOTE: The results are written in the following variables:
 197 //
 198 //   (u_int32_t) tx.ip_dst_start    ... contains start value
 199 //   (u_int32_t) tx.ip_dst_stop     ... contains stop value
 200 //   (u_int32_t) tx.ip_dst          ... initialized with start value
 201 //   int         tx.ip_dst_isrange  ... set to 1 if above values valid
 202 //
 203 // Possible range specifications:
 204 //
 205 //   1) 192.168.0.0-192.168.0.12
 206 //   2) 10.2.11.0-10.55.13.2
 207 //   3) 172.18.96.0/19
 208 //
 209 // That is:
 210 //
 211 //   FIRST detect a range by scanning for the "-" OR "/" chars
 212 //   THEN determine start and stop value and store them as normal unsigned integers
 213 //
 214 int get_ip_range_dst (char *arg)
 215 {
 216
 217    int
 218      i, len,
 219      found_slash=0, found_dash=0;
 220
 221    unsigned int q;
 222    u_int32_t mask, invmask;
 223
 224    char *start_str, *stop_str;
 225
 226    len = strnlen(arg, 32);
 227
 228    if ( (len>31) || (len<9) ) // 255.255.255.200-255.255.255.255 (31 chars) OR 1.0.0.0/8 (9 chars)
 229      return 1; // ERROR: no range
 230
 231    // Find "-" or "/"
 232    for (i=0; i<len; i++)
 233      {
 234         if  (arg[i]=='/')  found_slash=1;
 235         if  (arg[i]=='-')  found_dash=1;
 236      }
 237
 238    if ((found_slash) && (found_dash))
 239      exit (1); // ERROR: Wrong range string syntax (cannot use both "/" and "-" !!!
 240
 241    if (found_dash)
 242      {
 243         start_str = strtok (arg, "-");
 244         stop_str = strtok (NULL, "-");
 245
 246         // These are the start and stop IP addresses of the range:
 247         tx.ip_dst_start = str2ip32 (start_str);
 248         tx.ip_dst_stop = str2ip32 (stop_str);
 249         tx.ip_dst_h = tx.ip_dst_start;
 250         tx.ip_dst = str2ip32_rev (start_str);
 251
 252         if (tx.ip_dst_start < tx.ip_dst_stop)
 253           {
 254              // Set range flag:
 255              tx.ip_dst_isrange = 1;
 256              return 0;
 257           }
 258         else
 259           {
 260              tx.ip_dst_isrange = 0;
 261              return 1; // ERROR: stop value must be greater than start value !!!
 262           }
 263      }
 264    else if (found_slash)
 265      {
 266         start_str = strtok (arg, "/");
 267         stop_str = strtok (NULL, "/"); // Actually contains the prefix length, e. g. "24"
 268
 269         q = (unsigned int) str2int (stop_str);
 270
 271         mask = 0xffffffff;
 272         mask <<= (32-q);
 273         invmask = 0xffffffff - mask;
 274
 275         tx.ip_dst_start = (str2ip32 (start_str) & mask) +1; // the '+1' is to ensure that we do not start with the net-id
 276         tx.ip_dst_stop = tx.ip_dst_start | invmask;
 277         tx.ip_dst_h = tx.ip_dst_start;
 278         tx.ip_dst = str2ip32_rev (start_str) | 0x01000000; // the '0x01000000' is to ensure that we do not start with the net-id
 279         tx.ip_dst_isrange = 1;
 280         return 0;
 281      }
 282
 283
 284    return 1; // ERROR: The specified argument string is not a range!
 285
 286 }
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291 // Parses string 'arg' for an IP range and finds start and stop IP addresses.
 292 // Return value: 0 upon success, 1 upon failure.
 293 //
 294 // NOTE: The results are written in the following variables:
 295 //
 296 //   (u_int32_t) tx.ip_src_start    ... contains start value
 297 //   (u_int32_t) tx.ip_src_stop     ... contains stop value
 298 //   (u_int32_t) tx.ip_src          ... initialized with start value
 299 //   int         tx.ip_src_isrange  ... set to 1 if above values valid
 300 //
 301 // Possible range specifications:
 302 //
 303 //   1) 192.168.0.0-192.168.0.12
 304 //   2) 10.2.11.0-10.55.13.2
 305 //   3) 172.18.96.0/19
 306 //
 307 // That is:
 308 //
 309 //   FIRST detect a range by scanning for the "-" OR "/" chars
 310 //   THEN determine start and stop value and store them as normal unsigned integers
 311 //
 312 int get_ip_range_src (char *arg)
 313 {
 314
 315    int
 316      i, len,
 317      found_slash=0, found_dash=0;
 318
 319    unsigned int q;
 320    u_int32_t mask, invmask;
 321
 322    char *start_str, *stop_str;
 323
 324
 325    len = strnlen(arg,32);
 326
 327    if ( (len>31) || (len<9) ) // 255.255.255.200-255.255.255.255 (31 chars) OR 1.0.0.0/8 (9 chars)
 328      return 1; // ERROR: no range
 329
 330    // Find "-" or "/"
 331    for (i=0; i<len; i++)
 332      {
 333         if  (arg[i]=='/')  found_slash=1;
 334         if  (arg[i]=='-')  found_dash=1;
 335      }
 336
 337    if ((found_slash) && (found_dash))
 338      exit (1); // ERROR: Wrong range string syntax (cannot use both "/" and "-" !!!
 339
 340    if (found_dash)
 341      {
 342         start_str = strtok (arg, "-");
 343         stop_str = strtok (NULL, "-");
 344
 345         // These are the start and stop IP addresses of the range:
 346         tx.ip_src_start = str2ip32 (start_str);
 347         tx.ip_src_stop = str2ip32 (stop_str);
 348         tx.ip_src_h = tx.ip_src_start;
 349         tx.ip_src = str2ip32_rev (start_str);
 350
 351         if (tx.ip_src_start < tx.ip_src_stop)
 352           {
 353              // Set range flag:
 354              tx.ip_src_isrange = 1;
 355              return 0;
 356           }
 357         else
 358           {
 359              tx.ip_src_isrange = 0;
 360              return 1; // ERROR: stop value must be greater than start value !!!
 361           }
 362      }
 363    else if (found_slash)
 364      {
 365         start_str = strtok (arg, "/");
 366         stop_str = strtok (NULL, "/"); // Actually contains the prefix length, e. g. "24"
 367
 368         q = (unsigned int) str2int (stop_str);
 369
 370         mask = 0xffffffff;
 371         mask <<= (32-q);
 372         invmask = 0xffffffff - mask;
 373
 374         tx.ip_src_start = (str2ip32 (start_str) & mask) +1; // the '+1' is to ensure that we do not start with the net-id
 375         tx.ip_src_stop = tx.ip_src_start | invmask;
 376         tx.ip_src_h = tx.ip_src_start;
 377         tx.ip_src = str2ip32_rev (start_str) | 0x01000000; // the '0x01000000' is to ensure that we do not start with the net-id
 378         tx.ip_src_isrange = 1;
 379         return 0;
 380      }
 381
 382    return 1; // ERROR: The specified argument string is not a range!
 383
 384 }
 385
 386
 387 // Scans tx.eth_dst_txt or tx.eth_src_txt and sets the corresponding
 388 // MAC addresses (tx.eth_dst or tx.eth_src) accordingly.
 389 // Argument: What string should be checked, ETH_SRC or ETH_DST.
 390 //
 391 // Return value:
 392 //       0 when a MAC address has been set or
 393 //       1 when not set (or wrongly set)
 394 //
 395 // Currently eth_src|dst_txt can be:
 396 //   'rand', 'own', 'bc'|'bcast', 'stp', 'pvst', 'cisco',
 397 //  or a real mac address.
 398 //
 399 // TODO: implement other important MAC addresses
 400 int check_eth_mac_txt(int src_or_dst)
 401 {
 402    char *eth_mac_txt;
 403    u_int8_t  *eth_mac;
 404    int *eth_rand;
 405    int i;
 406
 407    // Check argument
 408    if (src_or_dst == ETH_SRC)
 409      {
 410         eth_mac_txt = tx.eth_src_txt;
 411         eth_mac = tx.eth_src;
 412         eth_rand = &tx.eth_src_rand;
 413      }
 414    else if (src_or_dst == ETH_DST)
 415      {
 416         eth_mac_txt = tx.eth_dst_txt;
 417         eth_mac = tx.eth_dst;
 418         eth_rand = &tx.eth_dst_rand;
 419      }
 420    else
 421      {
 422         return 1; // wrong argument
 423      }
 424
 425
 426    // Did the user really specify a dst-address?
 427    if (strnlen(eth_mac_txt, 18)==0)
 428      {
 429         return 1; // No.
 430      }
 431
 432
 433    // Okay, lets check the commandline argument:
 434    //
 435    // Do you want a random MAC?
 436    // TODO: Consider enforcement of unicast addresses
 437    if (strncmp(eth_mac_txt, "rand", 4)==0)
 438      {
 439         eth_mac[0] = (u_int8_t) ( ((float) rand()/RAND_MAX)*256);
 440         eth_mac[1] = (u_int8_t) ( ((float) rand()/RAND_MAX)*256);
 441         eth_mac[2] = (u_int8_t) ( ((float) rand()/RAND_MAX)*256);
 442         eth_mac[3] = (u_int8_t) ( ((float) rand()/RAND_MAX)*256);
 443         eth_mac[4] = (u_int8_t) ( ((float) rand()/RAND_MAX)*256);
 444         eth_mac[5] = (u_int8_t) ( ((float) rand()/RAND_MAX)*256);
 445         *eth_rand = 1;
 446      }
 447    // Do you want your own interface MAC?
 448    else if (strncmp(eth_mac_txt, "own", 3)==0)
 449      {
 450         for (i=0; i<6; i++)
 451           {
 452              eth_mac[i] = tx.eth_mac_own[i];
 453           }
 454      }
 455    // Do you want a broadcast MAC?
 456    else if (strncmp(eth_mac_txt, "bc", 2)==0) // NOTE that this also fetches "bcast"
 457      {
 458         str2hex_mac("FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF", eth_mac);
 459      }
 460    // Do you want the IEEE address 'all bridges' used for STP?
 461    else if (strncmp(eth_mac_txt, "stp", 3)==0) //
 462      {
 463         str2hex_mac("01:80:C2:00:00:00", eth_mac); // IEEE for all bridges
 464      }
 465    // Do you want the Cisco address e. g. for CDP, VTP?
 466    else if (strncmp(eth_mac_txt, "cisco", 5)==0)
 467      {
 468         str2hex_mac("01:00:0C:CC:CC:CC", eth_mac);
 469      }
 470    // Do you want the Cisco address e. g. for CDP, VTP?
 471    else if (strncmp(eth_mac_txt, "pvst", 5)==0)
 472      {
 473         str2hex_mac("01:00:0C:CC:CC:CD", eth_mac);
 474      }
 475    // The string MUST contain a mac address
 476    // TODO: CHECK whether the string has correct format for a mac address!
 477    else
 478      {
 479         str2hex_mac(eth_mac_txt, eth_mac);
 480      }
 481
 482    return 0;
 483 }
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489 // Scans argument for a port number or range and sets
 490 // the corresponding values in the tx struct:
 491 //
 492 // a)  tx.sp_start, tx.sp_stop, tx.sp = tx.sp_start
 493 //
 494 //         ** OR **
 495 //
 496 // b)  tx.dp_start, tx.dp_stop, tx.dp = tx.dp_start
 497 //
 498 // Arguments:
 499 //
 500 //    - 'sp_or_dp' is either SRC_PORT or DST_PORT
 501 //    - 'arg' contains the port range as string such as 1-1024
 502 //
 503 // Return value: 0 on success, 1 upon failure
 504 //
 505 int get_port_range (int sp_or_dp, char *arg)
 506 {
 507
 508    int i, len, found_dash=0;
 509
 510    u_int32_t tmp1, tmp2;
 511
 512    u_int16_t
 513      *port,
 514      *start,
 515      *stop;
 516    int
 517      *isrange;
 518
 519    char *start_str, *stop_str;
 520
 521
 522    // Check which port to manage
 523    if (sp_or_dp == DST_PORT)
 524      {
 525         port    =  &tx.dp;
 526         start   =  &tx.dp_start;
 527         stop    =  &tx.dp_stop;
 528         isrange =  &tx.dp_isrange;
 529      }
 530    else if (sp_or_dp == SRC_PORT)
 531      {
 532         port    =  &tx.sp;
 533         start   =  &tx.sp_start;
 534         stop    =  &tx.sp_stop;
 535         isrange =  &tx.sp_isrange;
 536      }
 537    else
 538      {
 539         return 1;  // error
 540      }
 541
 542
 543    len = strnlen(arg,12);
 544    if (len==0) return 1; // error
 545
 546    // Find "-"
 547    for (i=0; i<len; i++)
 548      {
 549         if  (arg[i]=='-')  found_dash=1;
 550      }
 551
 552    if (found_dash)  // range specified
 553      {
 554         start_str = strtok (arg, "-");
 555         stop_str = strtok (NULL, "-");
 556
 557         tmp1 = str2int (start_str);
 558         if ( (tmp1<0)||(tmp1>65535))
 559           {
 560              fprintf(stderr," mz/get_port_range: Invalid port range!\n");
 561              exit (-1);
 562           }
 563         *start = tmp1;
 564
 565         tmp2 = str2int (stop_str);
 566         if ( (tmp2<0)||(tmp2>65535))
 567           {
 568              fprintf(stderr," mz/get_port_range: Invalid port range!\n");
 569              exit (-1);
 570           }
 571         *stop  = tmp2;
 572
 573         if (tmp1>tmp2) // swap start/stop values!
 574           {
 575              *start = tmp2;
 576              *stop  = tmp1;
 577           }
 578
 579         *port = *start;
 580         *isrange = 1;
 581
 582         return 0;
 583      }
 584    else // single port number
 585      {
 586         tmp1 = str2int (arg);
 587         if ( (tmp1<0)||(tmp1>65535)) tmp1=0;
 588         *port    = tmp1;
 589         *isrange = 0;
 590         return 0;
 591      }
 592
 593    return 1; // error
 594 }
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599 // Scans argument for TCP flags and sets
 600 // tx.tcp_control accordingly.
 601 //
 602 // Valid keywords are: fin, syn, rst, psh, ack, urg, ecn, cwr
 603 // Valid delimiters are: | or + or -
 604 // Return value: 0 on success, 1 upon failure
 605 //
 606 int get_tcp_flags (char*  flags)
 607 {
 608    char *f;
 609
 610    // From LSB to MSB: fin, syn, reset, push, ack, urg, ecn, cwr
 611    // ecn...ECN-Echo, cwr...Congestion Window Reduced
 612
 613    if (strnlen(flags,40)==0) return 1; // error
 614
 615
 616    f = strtok (flags, "|+-");
 617    do
 618      {
 619         if (strncmp(f,"fin",3)==0)
 620           {
 621              tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 1;
 622           }
 623         else if (strncmp(f,"syn",3)==0)
 624           {
 625              tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 2;
 626           }
 627         else if (strncmp(f,"rst",3)==0)
 628           {
 629              tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 4;
 630           }
 631         else if (strncmp(f,"psh",3)==0)
 632           {
 633              tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 8;
 634           }
 635         else if (strncmp(f,"ack",3)==0)
 636           {
 637              tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 16;
 638           }
 639         else if (strncmp(f,"urg",3)==0)
 640           {
 641              tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 32;
 642           }
 643         else if (strncmp(f,"ecn",3)==0)
 644           {
 645              tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 64;
 646           }
 647         else if (strncmp(f,"cwr",3)==0)
 648           {
 649              tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 128;
 650           }
 651
 652      } while ( (f=strtok(NULL, "|+-")) != NULL);
 653
 654    return 0;
 655 }
 656
 657
 658
 659 // Scans string 'params' for MPLS parameters
 660 // and sets tx.mpls_* accordingly.
 661 //
 662 // CLI Syntax Examples:
 663 //
 664 // -M help       .... shows syntax
 665 //
 666 // -M 800        .... label=800
 667 // -M 800:S      .... label=800 and BOS flag set
 668 // -M 800:S:64   .... label=800, BOS, TTL=64
 669 // -M 800:64:S   .... same
 670 // -M 64:77      .... label=64, TTL=77
 671 // -M 64:800     .... INVALID
 672 // -M 800:64     .... label=800, TTL=64
 673 // -M 800:3:S:64 .... additionally the experimental bits are set (all fields required!)
 674 //
 675 // Note: S = BOS(1), s = NOT-BOS(0)
 676 //
 677 // Valid delimiters: :-.,+
 678 // Return value: 0 on success, 1 upon failure
 679 int get_mpls_params(char *p)
 680 {
 681
 682    char *f1, *f2, *f3, *f4;
 683    char params[256];
 684
 685    tx.mpls_exp = 0;
 686    tx.mpls_ttl = 255;
 687
 688    strncpy(params, p, 256);
 689
 690    if (strncmp(params,"help",4)==0)
 691      {
 692         fprintf(stderr,"\n"
 693                 MAUSEZAHN_VERSION
 694                 "\n"
 695                 "| MPLS header Syntax: -M label[,label[,label[,...]]]\n"
 696                 "| where each header may consist of the following parameters:\n"
 697                 "|\n"
 698                 "|   label ... the MPLS label (mandatory, 0..1048575)\n"
 699                 "|   exp ..... experimental/CoS (default: 0, allowed values: 0..7)\n"
 700                 "|   TTL ..... Time To Live (default: 255)\n"
 701                 "|   BOS ..... marks bottom-of-stack; per default the last (most inner) header\n"
 702                 "|             will have BOS=1. If desired you can set this flag for any header\n"
 703                 "|             inbetween but this will lead to an invalid packet. Simply use\n"
 704                 "|             'S' to set BOS=1, or 's' to set BOS=0. Note that this flag MUST be\n"
 705                 "|             the LAST argument.\n"
 706                 "|\n"
 707                 "| Examples:\n"
 708                 "|\n"
 709                 "|  -M 800        .... label=800\n"
 710                 "|  -M 800:6      .... label=800 and CoS=6\n"
 711                 "|  -M 800:6:55   .... label=800, CoS=6, TTL=55\n"
 712                 "|  -M 800:S      .... label=800 and BOS=1\n"
 713                 "|  -M 800:6:s    .... label=800, CoS=6, and BOS=0\n"
 714                 "|\n"
 715                 "|  multiple headers:\n"
 716                 "|\n"
 717                 "|  -m 30,20:7,800:5:128 ... outer label=800 with CoS=5 and TTL=128,\n"
 718                 "|                           middle label=20 with CoS=7,\n"
 719                 "|                           inner label=30 (this one is closest to L3).\n"
 720                 "|\n"
 721                 "|   Valid delimiters inside a header: : - . +\n"
 722                 "|\n"
 723                 "\n");
 724         exit (0);
 725      }
 726    else
 727      {
 728
 729         if ( (f1 = strtok (params, ":-.+")) == NULL )
 730           {
 731              return 1; // error!
 732           }
 733
 734         tx.mpls_label = (u_int32_t) str2int (f1);
 735         if (tx.mpls_label>1048575)
 736           {
 737              tx.mpls_label = 1048575; // 2^20
 738              fprintf(stderr," Warning: MPLS label too big! Reduced to maximum allowed value.\n");
 739           }
 740      }
 741
 742
 743    if ( (f2 = strtok (NULL, ":-.+")) != NULL ) // 2nd param set
 744      {
 745         if  (strncmp(f2,"S",1)==0)
 746           {
 747              tx.mpls_bos = 1;
 748              return 0;
 749           }
 750         else if (strncmp(f2,"s",1)==0)
 751           {
 752              tx.mpls_bos = 0;
 753              return 0;
 754           }
 755         else
 756           {
 757              tx.mpls_exp = (u_int8_t) str2int (f2);
 758              if (tx.mpls_exp > 7)
 759                {
 760                   tx.mpls_exp = 7;
 761                   fprintf(stderr," Warning: MPLS CoS too big! Reduced to maximum allowed value.\n");
 762                }
 763           }
 764
 765
 766         if ( (f3 = strtok (NULL, ":-.+")) != NULL ) // 3rd param set
 767           {
 768              if  (strncmp(f3,"S",1)==0)
 769                {
 770                   tx.mpls_bos = 1;
 771                   return 0;
 772                }
 773              else if (strncmp(f3,"s",1)==0)
 774                {
 775                   tx.mpls_bos = 0;
 776                   return 0;
 777                }
 778              else
 779                {
 780                   if ((u_int16_t) str2int (f3)>255)
 781                     {
 782                        fprintf(stderr," Warning: MPLS TTL too big! Reduced to maximum allowed value.\n");
 783                        tx.mpls_ttl = 255;
 784                     }
 785                   else
 786                     {
 787                        tx.mpls_ttl = (u_int8_t) str2int (f3);
 788                     }
 789                }
 790
 791              if ( (f4 = strtok (NULL, ":-.+")) != NULL ) // 4th param set
 792                {
 793
 794                   if  (strncmp(f3,"S",1)==0)
 795                     {
 796                        tx.mpls_bos = 1;
 797                     }
 798                   else if (strncmp(f3,"s",1)==0)
 799                     {
 800                        tx.mpls_bos = 0;
 801                     }
 802
 803                }
 804
 805           }
 806      }
 807
 808
 809    return 0;
 810 }
 811
 812
 813 // Parses str for occurence of character or sequence ch.
 814 // Returns number of occurences
 815 int exists(char* str, char* ch)
 816 {
 817    int i,match;
 818
 819    size_t len_str, len_ch;
 820
 821    len_str = strlen(str);
 822    len_ch = strlen(ch);
 823    match=0;
 824
 825    for (i=0; i<len_str; i++)
 826      {
 827         if (strcmp(str++,ch)==0) match++;
 828      }
 829
 830    return match;
 831 }
 832
 833
 834
 835 // Checks if str consists only of 0 and 1
 836 //
 837 // RETURN VALUE:
 838 //
 839 //    0  if invalid chars found or str empty
 840 //    n  if str consists exactly of n binary digits
 841 int mz_strisbinary(char *str)
 842 {
 843         int i, len, ret=0;
 844
 845         len = strlen(str);
 846         if (len==0) return 0;
 847
 848         for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
 849                 if ((str[i]=='0') || (str[i]=='1')) {
 850                         ret++;
 851                 } else {
 852                         return 0;
 853                 }
 854         }
 855         return ret;
 856 }
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862 // Converts a string containing (max 8) binary digits into a number
 863 // RETURN VALUE:
 864 //
 865 //  Either the number on success
 866 //  Or -1 upon failure
 867 //
 868 int str2bin8 (char *str)
 869 {
 870    int i, n, ret=0;
 871
 872    n=mz_strisbinary(str);
 873
 874    if ((!n) || (n>8)) return -1;
 875
 876    for (i=0; i<n; i++) if (str[i]=='1') ret |= ( 0x01 << (n-1-i) );
 877    return ret;
 878 }
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883 // Converts a string containing (max 16) binary digits into a number
 884 // RETURN VALUE:
 885 //
 886 //  Either the number on success
 887 //  Or -1 upon failure
 888 //
 889 long int str2bin16 (char *str)
 890 {
 891    int i, n;
 892    long int ret=0;
 893
 894    n=mz_strisbinary(str);
 895
 896    if ((!n) || (n>16)) return -1;
 897
 898    for (i=0; i<n; i++) if (str[i]=='1') ret |= ( 0x01 << (n-1-i) ); // C is great ;-)
 899    return ret;
 900 }
 901
 902
 903
 904 // Converts a char into a string containing ones and zeros
 905 //
 906 // EXAMPLE:
 907 //
 908 //   char c = 0x81; char str[16];
 909 //   char2bits(c, str);
 910 //   printf("%s\n",str); => "1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1"
 911 //
 912 int char2bits (char c, char *str)
 913 {
 914    int i,j=1;
 915    char tmp[]="0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0";
 916
 917    for (i=0; i<8; i++)
 918      {
 919         if (c&j) tmp[14-i*2]='1';
 920         j=j*2;
 921      }
 922
 923    strncpy(str, tmp, 15);
 924    return 0;
 925 }
 926
 927
 928 // Takes filename and prepends valid configuration directory
 929 //
 930 // 1) prefer configurable mz_default_config_path[]
 931 // 2) otherwise use MZ_DEFAULT_CONFIG_PATH
 932 //
 933 // NOTE: 'filename' finally holds the full path
 934 // and must therefore be big enough
 935 //
 936 //
 937 // RETURN VALUE:
 938 //   0 upon success
 939 //   1 upon failure
 940 //
 941 int getfullpath_cfg (char *filename)
 942 {
 943         int lenf, lenp;
 944         char tmp[32];
 945
 946         lenf = strnlen(filename, 32);
 947
 948         // filename not given?
 949         if ((lenf==0) || (lenf==32)) return 1;
 950
 951         strncpy(tmp, filename, 32);
 952
 953         // Prefer user-defined path if provided:
 954         lenp = strnlen(mz_default_config_path,255);
 955
 956         if (lenp) {
 957                 if (strncmp(mz_default_config_path+lenp-1, "/",1))
 958                         strncat(mz_default_config_path, "/",1);
 959                 snprintf(filename, 255, "%s%s",mz_default_config_path,tmp);
 960         }
 961         else {
 962                 lenp = strlen(MZ_DEFAULT_CONFIG_PATH);
 963                 snprintf(filename, 255, "%s%s",MZ_DEFAULT_CONFIG_PATH,tmp);
 964         }
 965
 966         if ((lenf+lenp)>255) return 1;
 967
 968         return 0;
 969 }
 970
 971
 972
 973 // Takes filename and prepends valid logging directory
 974 //
 975 // 1) prefer configurable mz_default_log_path[]
 976 // 2) otherwise use MZ_DEFAULT_LOG_PATH
 977 //
 978 // NOTE: filename is overwritten and must be big enough to hold full path!
 979 //
 980 int getfullpath_log (char *filename)
 981 {
 982         int lenf, lenp;
 983         char tmp[32];
 984
 985         lenf = strnlen(filename, 32);
 986
 987         // filename not given?
 988         if ((lenf==0) || (lenf==32)) return 1;
 989
 990         strncpy(tmp, filename, 32);
 991
 992         // Prefer user-defined path if provided:
 993         lenp = strnlen(mz_default_log_path,255);
 994         if (lenp) {
 995                 if (strncmp(mz_default_log_path+lenp-1, "/",1))
 996                         strncat(mz_default_log_path, "/",1);
 997                 snprintf(filename, 255, "%s%s",mz_default_log_path,tmp);
 998         }
 999         else {
1000                 lenp = strlen(MZ_DEFAULT_LOG_PATH);
1001                 snprintf(filename, 255, "%s%s",MZ_DEFAULT_LOG_PATH,tmp);
1002         }
1003
1004         if ((lenf+lenp)>255) return 1;
1005
1006         return 0;
1007 }
1008
1009 // Behaves much like strncpy but additionally ensures
1010 // that dest is always \0-terminated.
1011 //
1012 // USAGE NOTE: If you know exactly the length n of your string,
1013 // then you must provide n+1 to support the termination character.
1014 //
1015 // EXAMPLE: src="Hello", n=strlen(src)=5, and mz_strncpy(dest, src, n)
1016 // would result in dest={H,e,l,l,\0}.
1017 // Therefore the correct usage is:
1018 //              mz_strncpy(dest, src, strlen(src)+1);
1019 //                                    =============
1020 //
1021 // RETURN VALUE: pointer to dest
1022 char * mz_strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n)
1023 {
1024         char *tmp;
1025         tmp = strncpy(dest, src, n);
1026         dest[n-1]='\0';
1027         return tmp;
1028 }
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033 // Helper function to count the number of arguments
1034 // in the Mausezahn argument string (comma separated args)
1035 //
1036 // RETURN VALUE: Number of arguments
1037 //
1038 // TODO: Improve it. Use strtok.
1039 //
1040 int number_of_args (char *str)
1041 {
1042         int len=0, i=0, commas=1;
1043         if ((len=strnlen(str,MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE))<2) return 0; // no valid argument
1044         for (i=0; i<len; i++) if (str[i]==',') commas++;
1045         if (str[len-1]==',') commas--; // comma at the end!
1046         return commas;
1047 }
1048
1049
1050
1051 // Checks if str consists only of digits 0..9
1052 //
1053 // RETURN VALUE:
1054 //
1055 //    0  if invalid chars found or str empty
1056 //    n  if str consists exactly of n digits
1057 int mz_strisnum(char *str)
1058 {
1059         int i, len, ret=0;
1060
1061         len = strlen(str);
1062         if (len==0) return 0;
1063
1064         for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
1065                 if (isdigit(str[i])) {
1066                         ret++;
1067                 } else {
1068                         return 0;
1069                 }
1070         }
1071         return ret;
1072 }
1073
1074
1075 // Checks if str consists only of hex digits 0..9 and a..f
1076 //
1077 // RETURN VALUE:
1078 //
1079 //    0  if invalid chars found or str empty
1080 //    n  if str consists exactly of n digits
1081 int mz_strishex(char *str)
1082 {
1083         int i, len, ret=0;
1084
1085         len = strlen(str);
1086         if (len==0) return 0;
1087
1088         for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
1089                 if (isxdigit(str[i])) {
1090                         ret++;
1091                 } else {
1092                         return 0;
1093                 }
1094         }
1095         return ret;
1096 }
1097
1098
1099 // Returns an 4-byte random number
1100 //
1101 u_int32_t  mz_rand32 (void)
1102 {
1103         static unsigned int r=0;
1104         srand(r);
1105         r=rand();
1106         return (r<<16 | r);
1107 }
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114 // Compares user-provided string with a specified string.
1115 //
1116 // Return value:
1117 //
1118 //   0  if at least min characters match
1119 //   1  if at least one character of usr does NOT match the corresponding character in str.
1120 //
1121 // Note: Case-insensitive!
1122 // Goal: Should be more practical and secure than strcmp (and related)
1123 int mz_strcmp(char* usr_orig, char* str_orig, int min)
1124 {
1125         int i, same=0, usrlen, max;
1126         char usr[80], str[80];
1127
1128         usrlen = strlen(usr_orig);
1129         max = strlen(str_orig);
1130
1131         strncpy(usr, usr_orig, 80);
1132         strncpy(str, str_orig, 80);
1133
1134         // User provided not enough or too many chars
1135         if ((usrlen<min) || (usrlen>max)) return 1;
1136
1137         // now check how many bytes really match
1138         for (i=0; i<usrlen; i++) {
1139                 if (strncasecmp(&usr[i], &str[i], 1)==0) {
1140                         same++;
1141                 }
1142         }
1143
1144         if (same<usrlen) return 1;
1145
1146         return 0;
1147 }
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153 // PURPOSE:
1154 //
1155 //  Maps an arbitrary number of tokens from 'str' which are separated by
1156 //  a character 'delim' into provided arguments.
1157 //
1158 // USAGE EXAMPLE:
1159 //
1160 //  char str[]="Am:Dam:Des";
1161 //  char t1[64], t2[64], t3[64], t4[64];
1162 //
1163 //  mz_tok (str, ":", 4, t1, t2, t3, t4)
1164 //
1165 //  => t1="Am", t2="Dam", t3="Des", t4=NULL
1166 //
1167 // NOTE:
1168 //
1169 //   1. If the delimiter symbol occurs twice without gap, it is interpreted
1170 //      as 'fill-up' command. To avoid ambiguities this may only occur once.
1171 //      See the IPv6 address format shortcuts as similar example.
1172 //
1173 //   2. If there are less tokens than allowed, the arguments are filled up
1174 //      in order, while the remaining are casted to NULL:
1175 //
1176 //   3. str must be smaller than 4096 bytes!
1177 //
1178 //   4. To mitigate buffer overflow problems, the maximum token size is
1179 //      currently limited to 64 bytes. Therefore it is recommended to
1180 //      allocate 64 bytes for each argument.
1181 //
1182 // RETURN VALUE: Number of returned tokens or -1 upon error
1183
1184 int mz_tok(char * str, char * delim, int anz, ...)
1185 {
1186
1187         va_list ap;
1188         int i=0, n=0, len, llen, rlen, ltok=0, rtok=0;
1189         char *d, *l, *r, *token, *saveptr, *arg;
1190         char str2[4096], delim2[4]="", delim3[4]="";;
1191
1192         if (strlen(delim)!=1) return -1; // delim must contain a single character!
1193         strncpy(str2, str, 4095);        // protect the original str from strtok => operate on a copy only
1194         len = strlen(str2);
1195
1196         // Check if some tokens are omitted (::)
1197         strncpy(delim2, delim, 1); strncat(delim2, delim, 1);  // create the double-delim
1198         strncpy(delim3, delim2, 2); strncat(delim3, delim, 1); // create the double-delim
1199         if (strstr(str2, delim3)!=NULL) return -1;             // Error: ':::' occured!
1200
1201         if ( (d=strstr(str2, delim2))!=NULL ) { // delim2 ('::') found
1202                 // Check 3 cases: "::Sat:Sun", "Mon::Sat:Sun", and "Mon:Tue::"
1203                 if (strlen(d)>2) { // '::' is not at the end of str2
1204                         r=d+2;  // r points to beginning of right string
1205                         if (strstr(r, delim2)!=NULL) return -1; // Error: '::' occurs more than once!
1206                         rtok++; // there is at least one token in the right string
1207                         rlen = strlen(r);
1208                         for(i=0;i<rlen;i++) if (strncmp(r++,delim,1)==0) rtok++;
1209                 }
1210                 else
1211                         rlen = 0;
1212
1213                 if (rlen<(len-2)) { // '::' is not at the beginning of str2
1214                         l=d-1;  // l points to end of left string
1215                         ltok++;
1216                         llen = len - rlen - 2;
1217                         for(i=0;i<llen;i++) if (strncmp(l--,delim,1)==0) ltok++;
1218                 }
1219                 //printf("ltok=%i, rtok=%i\n",ltok,rtok);
1220                 if ((ltok+rtok)>anz) return -1; // More tokens than arguments ('::' here leads to ambiguous mapping)
1221         }
1222         else
1223                 ltok=len+1; // makes subsequent algorithm to ignore exception handling
1224
1225
1226
1227         rtok=anz-rtok;
1228         va_start(ap, anz);
1229
1230         token = strtok_r(str2, delim, &saveptr);
1231         if (token==NULL) { va_end(ap); return n; }
1232
1233         for(i=0; i<anz; i++) {
1234                 arg = va_arg(ap, char *);
1235                 if ( (token==NULL) ||  // less tokens than arguments => assign NULL to the remaining arguments!
1236                      ((i>=ltok) && (i<rtok))) {
1237                         arg[0] = 0x00;
1238                 }
1239                 else { // we still have tokens...
1240                         n++;
1241                         strncpy(arg, token, 64);
1242                         token = strtok_r(NULL, delim, &saveptr);
1243                 }
1244         }
1245
1246         va_end(ap);
1247         return n;
1248 }
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255 //
1256 // PURPOSE: Simplify reading of user delay specifications.
1257 // Parse 'a' and 'b' and configure a struct timespec, i. e. seconds and nanoseconds.
1258 //
1259 // Typically 'a' contains only the value and 'b' the unit.
1260 // But if b==NULL then 'a' may also contain the unit such as "100msec"
1261 //
1262 // Allowed units are: nsec, usec, sec, min, hour
1263 //
1264 // NOTE: If no unit is given then assume msec as default unit
1265 //
1266 // RETURN VALUE: 0 upon success, 1 upon error (bad arguments)
1267 //
1268 int delay_parse (struct timespec *t, char *a, char *b)
1269 {
1270         int i;
1271         unsigned int sfactor=0, nfactor=1000000; // assume msec as default unit
1272         unsigned long long delay, sdelay, ndelay;
1273
1274         if (b==NULL) { // only one argument, but may contain an unit (such as '314sec')
1275                 if (strstr(a, "msec")) {
1276                         nfactor=1000000;
1277                 }
1278                 else if (strstr(a, "usec")) {
1279                         nfactor=1000;
1280                 }
1281                 else if (strstr(a, "nsec")) {
1282                         nfactor=1;
1283                 }
1284                 else if (strstr(a, "sec")) {  // NOTE: This must be the last check since 'sec' is included in previous strings
1285                         sfactor=1;
1286                         nfactor=0;
1287                 }
1288                 else if (strstr(a, "min")) {
1289                         sfactor=60;
1290                         nfactor=0;
1291                 }
1292                 else if (strstr(a, "hour")) {
1293                         sfactor=3600;
1294                         nfactor=0;
1295                 }
1296                 else {  // Unit not found; check for non-digits!
1297                         // NOTE: we do not currently catch wrong strings that contain sec, usec, or msec.
1298                         //
1299                         for (i=0; i<strlen(a); i++) {
1300                                 if (!isdigit(a[i])) return 1; // invalid unit
1301                         }
1302                         nfactor=1000000; // no unit given => assume msec
1303                 }
1304         } else { // caller specified two arguments
1305                 if (mz_strcmp(b,"nsec", 1)==0)
1306                         nfactor=1;
1307                 else if  (mz_strcmp(b,"usec", 1)==0)
1308                         nfactor=1000;
1309                 else if (mz_strcmp(b,"msec", 1)==0)
1310                         nfactor=1000000;
1311                 else if (mz_strcmp(b,"sec", 1)==0) {
1312                         sfactor=1;
1313                         nfactor=0;
1314                 }
1315                 else if (mz_strcmp(b,"min", 1)==0) {
1316                         sfactor=60;
1317                         nfactor=0;
1318                 }
1319                 else if (mz_strcmp(b,"hour", 1)==0) {
1320                         sfactor=3600;
1321                         nfactor=0;
1322                 }
1323                 else return 1; // Invalid unit
1324         }
1325
1326         // Get user-defined actual value:
1327         delay = strtoull(a, (char **)NULL, 10);
1328         if ((errno==ERANGE) || (delay>999999999L))  { // see man 2 nanosleep
1329                 return 2; // Value too large! Supported range is from 0 to 999999999
1330         }
1331
1332         sdelay = delay * sfactor;
1333         ndelay = delay * nfactor;
1334
1335         if (ndelay>999999999L) {
1336                 sdelay = ndelay/1000000000L;
1337                 ndelay = ndelay - (sdelay*1000000000L);
1338         }
1339
1340         t->tv_sec = sdelay;
1341         t->tv_nsec = ndelay;
1342         return 0;
1343 }
1344