Fixed a bug in yesterday's bug fix: macro commands could be executed twice

[nedit.git] / doc / faq.txt

NEDIT FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
--------------------------------


Version 2001/10/01

NEdit is a popular GUI-style text editor for Unix and VMS systems. These
are answers to the most frequently asked questions to discuss@nedit.org.
This information is also available from:

    ftp://ftp.nedit.org/pub/<current>/FAQ,

and from the NEdit web page at:

    http://nedit.org.

FAQ Maintainers: Florian Xhumari (Florian.Xhumari@free.fr)



ABOUT THE NEDIT FAQ
-------------------


This FAQ is written in XML and translated to HTML using an XSL stylesheet.
The XML source is processed using James Clark's (http://www.jclark.com/)
XSLT processor XT (http://www.jclark.com/xml/xt.html) and XML parser XP
(http://www.jclark.com/xml/xp).

The XSL stylesheet used to generate the HTML version is here (faq.xsl).

The text version is generated in three steps: first, an XSL stylesheet
(faq-txt.xsl) is used to generate a simple HTML. Then, a second XSL
stylesheet (faq-txt-pass2.xsl) transforms the HTML into plain text. An awk
script (faq-txt.awk) then performs the word wrapping.

For any questions about or contributions to the FAQ, please send a mail to
the maintainers (mailto:Florian.Xhumari@free.fr).



WHERE TO GET INFORMATION
------------------------


> Where can I get information about NEdit?

The NEdit web page is at:

    http://nedit.org

and it is mirrored in Australia at:

    http://www.au.nedit.org/

The primary ftp site for NEdit is:

    ftp://ftp.nedit.org/pub

which has a mirror in The Netherlands:

    ftp://ftp.nl.nedit.org/pub/mirror/NEdit

The NEdit ftp site has executables for most Unix and VMS systems, sources,
documentation, and contributed software.

The first and easiest place to look for help with NEdit is the NEdit Help
menu. The bottom item in the menu (Problems/Bugs) has answers to the most
commonly asked questions about NEdit, which are not duplicated here. Also
check the platform specific information in the README file packaged in the
NEdit distribution kits.

If you have a problem that you really can't figure out, send mail to
discuss@nedit.org, and see if anyone else might be having the same trouble.
The nedit developers also subscribe to this list, and hopefully someone
will be able to answer your question. If you are a Silicon Graphics user
and NEdit came bundled on your system, you can also contact SGI's technical
support.

> Are there any mailing lists for NEdit users?

There are two separate mailing lists for nedit users, and one for
developers. Users may post to the developer mailing list to report bugs and
communicate with the nedit developers.

The lists are:

    * discuss@nedit.org: general discussion, questions and answers among
    nedit users and developers.

    * develop@nedit.org: communication among and with nedit developers.
    Developers should also subscribe to the discuss list.

    * announce@nedit.org: a low-volume mailing list for announcing new
    versions.

Please note that only subscribers can send mail to the list.

The nedit developers subscribe to both discuss@nedit.org and
develop@nedit.org, either of which may be used for reporting bugs. If
you're not sure, or you think the report might be of interest to the
general nedit user community, send the report to discuss@nedit.org. If it's
something obvious and boring, like we misspelled "anemometer" in the
on-line help, send it to develop@nedit.org.

Please do not cross post to both lists!

In order to subscribe to a list, send mail to majordomo@nedit.org with one
or more of the following in the body of the message:

    subscribe announce
    subscribe discuss
    subscribe develop

To unsubscribe do the same with the keyword unsubscribe.

    unsubscribe announce
    unsubscribe discuss
    unsubscribe develop

After subscribing, you will receive copies of all of the email submitted to
the lists. You may submit mail to the discussion list by sending it to the
appropriate list: discuss@nedit.org, develop@nedit.org or
announce@nedit.org.

The archives of the old mailing lists (nedit_discuss@fnal_gov and
nedit_announce@fnal.gov) can be found on egroups.com:

        * http://www.egroups.com/group/nedit_discuss/

        * http://www.egroups.com/group/nedit_announce/

For more information about the mailing lists, refer to the mailing lists
section (http://nedit.org/community/mailing.shtml) in the NEdit site.

> Where can I get binaries / executables for machines other than those
> available at NEdit site?

In past versions, we separated "supported" and "unsupported" executables
and divided them between the binary and contrib directories. With more
supported systems, you're less likely to find executables in the contrib
directory, but it's worth a peek, anyhow. If you can't find anything
appropriate, you can try asking in a usenet news group appropriate to your
system. Other places to try are, the discuss@nedit.org mailing list, or
news:comp.windows.x.apps or news:comp.editors.

> What can I contribute?

If you use and enjoy NEdit, and feel like giving something back to the
NEdit user community, contact develop@nedit.org. If you have ported NEdit
to a new machine, written a useful set of macros, or would like to
contribute to an ongoing development project, we'd love to hear from you.



DIAGNOSING AND REPORTING PROBLEMS
---------------------------------


> How do I report problems I've encountered using NEdit ?

If you have a problem which is not covered in the on-line help, in this
FAQ, or in the README file specific to your system, you can report it to
discuss@nedit.org (usage questions) or, develop@nedit.org (error reports).
Note that these lists only allow members to post, and if you are not a
member, your post will probably de delayed in reaching the list.
Alternatively you can use the bug tracker on Sourceforge
(http://sourceforge.net/projects/nedit/) to report bugs and make feature
requests. Below are some suggestions for information you can provide to
help in diagnosing your problem.

Because NEdit runs on a large number of different platforms and
environments, many problems are platform-specific. It's always helpful to
know what kind of system it's being run on. Sometimes, strange behavior can
also be traced to the X server software or window manager, so you may want
to include information on these as well.

The origin of the NEdit executable is often important, particularly,
whether it came from the NEdit site (http://www.nedit.org), was built
locally, or came from some other ftp server or freeware distribution CD.
Despite the fact that Motif appears on almost all Unix platforms, the Motif
libraries still vary from one machine to another. Be sure to mention
whether you're using Lesstif or Motif. As of version 5.2 a summary with
build information is present under 'Version' in the Help menu.

If you are having configuration or appearance problems, you should probably
look at the output from the command:

   appres NEdit nedit

The 'appres' command will show you the resources that NEdit actually sees
when it runs, including "stray" resources intended for other programs but
not properly qualified by the program name. It will also give you a final
objective check as to whether resource settings that you have made are
actually readable by NEdit.



BUILDING
--------


> When I build NEdit on my SunOS system, I get the fillowing undefined
> symbols:
> 
> ld: Undefined symbol
>    _memmove
>    _atexit
>    _strerror
> *** Error code 1
> make: Fatal error: Command failed for target `nedit'

Older versions of the gcc C runtime library were missing these functions.
You can either upgrade gcc, or get sources for these functions from
ftp://ftp.nedit.org/pub/contrib/misc (which someone else with your very
same problem kindly contributed).

> I'd like to build NEdit, but my system seems to be missing the Xm...
> include files and libXm.a

Xm means Motif, which is an important part of NEdit's GUI interface. Motif
is standard on commercial Unix workstations, but not on free Unix platforms
like Linux and FreeBSD. On these systems, you can now use LessTif, the GPL
clone of Motif, or purchase a copy of Motif, which is usually relatively
inexpensive, but not free. You can find a list of companies selling Motif
for Linux at:

    http://www.cen.com/mw3/#providers

As of this writing LessTif is very close to being a fully reliable and
complete replacement for Motif, so it's definitely worth trying before
shelling out any money for a commercial copy. Also remember that in most
cases, you don't really need Motif libraries to use NEdit. There are plenty
of versions available pre-built with the Motif libraries linked in
statically. If you can't find one for your system, ask around, and you may
find that someone else has already built one for you. Motif licensing
allows free distribution of statically linked binaries. Executables for
NEdit are available from
ftp://ftp.nedit.org/pub/<current-version>/executables.

> When I build NEdit, I get the yacc error:
> 
>   conflicts: 36 shift/reduce

That's normal. NEdit's macro language has a very conflicted grammar, but
the conflicts all resolve themselves correctly. The conflicts stem from
allowing awk-style no-operator concatenation of strings.

> I built NEdit on my Linux system, and it's full of bugs. What a horrible
> editor!

Several of the Linux distributions began including LessTif (a free version
of the Motif GUI library) before it was really ready for general use
(particularly for something which needs to be as reliable as a text
editor). If you have a version of Lesstif prior to 0.92.26, you have to
upgrade it, before it will support NEdit reliably. To get the newest
version, go to http://lesstif.org. Alternatively, you can get pre-built,
statically linked, executables from
ftp://ftp.nedit.org/pub/<current-version>/executables.

> While compiling NEdit on Linux, I get the following warning:
> 
>     file.o: In function `PrintString':
>     file.o(.text+0x17b7): the use of `tmpnam' is dangerous, better use `mkstemp'
> 
> Is NEdit insecure?

Not if you are using the glibc. The algorithm of mkstemp(3) consists of two
parts: the first part is the one used in tmpnam(3) -- this is what NEdit
accomplishes by calling tmpnam(3); the second part is done directly in
NEdit.

> NEdit fails to build on Linux, with messages
> 
>    undefined reference to `XpGetDocumentData'
>    undefined reference to `XpGetPageDimensions'
>    ...

Edit makefiles/Makefile.Linux, and add '-lXp' to the line starting with
'LIB', right before '-lXext'. At this time we are not sure whether libXp
(the X print library) is installed on all Linux systems.



CUSTOMIZATION
-------------


> I can't get the delete key to remap to a forward delete. I have re-bound it
> in my .Xdefaults file, and that doesn't help.

In your .Xdefaults file, add:

    nedit.remapDeleteKey: False

This is now the default, so you likely have an old resource file sitting
around somewhere with this setting. When remapDeleteKey is True), NEdit
forcibly maps the delete to backspace. This can be used when the X server
and the client machine have different expectations about whether the key in
the backspace position on the keyboard is a backspace key or a delete key.
It also saves users in very heterogeneous environments from having to
re-map keys on nearly every system they use just to be able to backspace.

> My X resource settings don't work.

It's harder to explain how to specify X resources than you might expect,
since how they are set is often configured by your local system manager.
They are either automatically attached to the server (your screen) by an X
startup or login script, or they are left unspecified, and read from the
.Xdefaults file whenever you run an X application. If they are attached to
the server, you should find out the "normal" method for setting them on
your system. If it's not the .Xdefaults file, then it is usually a file
called .Xresources (also in your home directory). To make a change, you
have to either run xrdb, or re-invoke the startup script that originally
attached them, usually by exiting and re-starting X, or logging out and
back in to your X session.

Since setting resources is tricky, it's usually better to start with
something simple, like:

    nedit*foreground:green

Then, once you have that working, try the more subtle or difficult ones.
You can also use the appres command to find out what resources nedit
actually sees ('appres NEdit nedit').

> I am setting some X defaults in my $HOME/.nedit file but some of them don't
> work.

The .nedit file holds the NEdit Preferences menu options and is
automatically overwritten whenever you select "Save Defaults". You really
shouldn't put X resource settings there. Also, as you may have discovered,
resources other than Preferences resources don't always work from there.

How you set X resources depends on local system conventions. You usually
put them in the .Xdefaults or .Xresources file in your home directory. You
may also need to run xrdb to install them in the server. It depends on how
your local system has been configured, so it's best to talk to the person
who configured your system. If you're not sure whether your resources are
set up correctly, the command:

    appres NEdit nedit

will tell you what settings NEdit will see when it runs.

> If I install an "app-defaults" file for NEdit (empty too), all default
> shortcuts are reset (only "Alt+B" and "Alt+Z" works). Without that file all
> works fine. Now, how can I customize nedit with this problem ? Or, how can
> I get a copy of all default shortcuts to add on my NEdit "app-defaults"
> file ?

NEdit uses the X fallback resources mechanism to provide default values for
user-settable resources. When you provide a system-wide app- defaults file,
it overrides the entire contents of the fallback resources, meaning all of
the program defaults are lost, except for those which are also represented
in the app-defaults file. To use an app-defaults file, therefore, you need
to start from a complete one which provides all of the necessary default
values. There is a complete app-defaults file in:

    ftp://ftp.nedit.org/pub/contrib/misc/nedit.app-defaults

We strongly discourage users from using system-wide app-defaults because
once you install the file, you have to keep it up to date with every new
release of the software. If you don't update it, users might not even
notice the difference, but things will be increasingly wrong with each new
release.

> Where can I get the complete list of nedit resources?

The way X is designed, there are a LOT of user settable resources in NEdit,
most of them quite useless. You can see them all using the editres tool,
which is available on most Unix systems. A more useful subset are the
application default resources, which you can look at either in the source
code (near the beginning of nedit.c, in the variable called
fallbackResources) or in the app-defaults file in:

    ftp://ftp.nedit.org/pub/contrib/misc/nedit.app-defaults

> Can I use 'ispell' with NEdit instead of the less capable Unix 'spell'
> command?

'ispell' is actually the default spell checker for NEdit on Linux systems
where 'spell' is not available. On other systems, enter the following in
the Shell Commands dialog:

  Command Input: Either
  Command Output: Same Window
  Output Replaces Input: ON
  Shell Command: cat>spellTmp; xterm -e ispell -x spellTmp; cat spellTmp; rm spellTmp

If you want to get fancy, the following puts the temporary file in the /tmp
directory, and uses $$ (the process ID of the shell) in the file name so
you don't have to worry about clashes between simultaneous ispell sessions:

  cat > /tmp/ispell.$$; xterm -title "Spell Check" -e
  ispell -S /tmp/ispell.$$; cat /tmp/ispell.$$; rm /tmp/ispell.$$

> How can the display of hidden (eg .login) files in dialog boxes be
> suppressed? We use nedit with for teaching programming with very naive and
> inexperienced students. The display of these in dialogs such as the "Save
> as..." one encourages them to screw up important login stuff, state files
> etc.

It depends on the system you are running how easy this is to do. Under
Motif 2.0, which I think is still only found on Linux and Free-BSD systems,
it's a simple resource setting:

    nedit*XmFileSelectionBox.fileFilterStyle: FILTER_HIDDEN_FILES

On other systems, unfortunately, it's a rather difficult source code
change, involving creating a replacement file searching procedure to be
spliced in to the file selection box widget.

> Most Motif applications allow you to type in the file name in a separate
> text field (as in the 'open file' dialog). Why doesn't NEdit? Can I make it
> do that?

Set the X resource nedit.stdOpenDialog to True. The field is disabled by
default to get new users accustomed to typing the file name directly in to
the list widget, which is not standard Motif behavior.

> I would like to change NEdit's cursor from a bar to a block. I seem to lose
> it sometimes in my text.

The block cursor in NEdit is used to indicate overstrike mode, but you can
turn on a resource to make the cursor thicker:

    nedit*text.heavyCursor: true

The only way to get a permanent block cursor, though is to hack the source
code. This shouldn't be too difficult, since the code for drawing a block
cursor is already there.

> I'd like to see more than 8 files in the file selection dialogs (Open, Save
> As, Include, etc.). I've tried to set the X-resources like
> nedit*XmList.visibleItemCount: 20, but this did not work.

The only effective way I've found to control the number of items in the
highly temperamental Motif FileSelectionBox widget is through the height
resource:

    nedit*FileSelect.height: 900

The X resource line above will make the file selection box 900 pixels tall.

> I am trying to do key bindings such that, for example, Find is Alt+F rather
> than Ctrl+F. However, this clashes with the find menu mnemonic. I realize
> that the menu mnemonics can be changed to any letter, but they are always
> bound to Alt-letter. I would like to just remove all menu mneumonics. Is
> there any way to do this in an .Xdefaults file?

You can turn mnemonics off by setting them to the ascii null character, for
example:

    nedit*fileMenu.mnemonic: \0

> I have a PC-style 2-button mouse. Can I switch the 2nd and 3rd mouse
> buttons so the more important functions like secondary selection are on the
> right button instead of the middle (which is emulated by pressing 1+3
> buttons simultaneously under Linux), like they were in version 4?

It's somewhat involved and hard to figure out from the documentation, but
yes you can. You have to reverse the translation table bindings for mouse
buttons 2 and 3, AND reset the bgMenuButton resource. The translation table
bindings can either be found in the source file source/text.c, or by adding
and activating a temporary translation to the text widget for dumping the
translation table itself (XtDisplayTranslations()).

What it boils down to, though, is just add the following lines to your X
resource file (.Xdefaults or .Xresources depending on your system):

  NEdit*text.Translations: #override \n\
     <Btn3Down>: secondary_or_drag_start()\n\
     Shift Ctrl Button3<MotionNotify>: \
         secondary_or_drag_adjust("rect", "copy", "overlay")\n\
     Shift Button3<MotionNotify>: secondary_or_drag_adjust("copy")\n\
     Ctrl Button3<MotionNotify>: secondary_or_drag_adjust("rect", "overlay")\n\
     Button3<MotionNotify>: secondary_or_drag_adjust()\n\
     Shift Ctrl<Btn3Up>: move_to_or_end_drag("copy", "overlay")\n\
     Shift <Btn3Up>: move_to_or_end_drag("copy")\n\
     Alt<Btn3Up>: exchange()\n\
     Meta<Btn3Up>: exchange()\n\
     Ctrl<Btn3Up>: copy_to_or_end_drag("overlay")\n\
     <Btn3Up>: copy_to_or_end_drag()\n\
     Ctrl~Meta~Alt<Btn2Down>: mouse_pan()\n\
     Ctrl~Meta~Alt Button2<MotionNotify>: mouse_pan()\n\
     <Btn2Up>: end_drag()
  nedit.bgMenuButton: ~Shift~Ctrl~Meta~Alt<Btn2Down>

> I'd like to send mail directly from my nedit window, but there's no good
> way to make a shell command prompt me for input (for entering the recipient
> and subject).

Use a macro command instead to do the prompting:

  to = string_dialog("Send mail to: (enter name below, along with any\n" \
      "additional Unix Mail command parameters, -s for subject)", \
      "Send", "Cancel")
  if ($string_dialog_button == 2 || $string_dialog_button == 0)
      return
  if ($selection_start == -1)
      body = get_range(0, $text_length)
  else
      body = get_selection()
  cmdOutput = shell_command("Mail " to, body)
  if ($shell_cmd_status != 0)
      dialog("mail command returned failed exit status\n" cmdOutput)
  else if (cmdOutput != "")
      dialog(cmdOutput)

> How I can set the foreground color for selected text to be always say grey1
> even when syntax highlighting is applied?

There's no equivalent to the nedit*text.selectForeground resource when you
turn on syntax highlighting. You just have to choose a selection color that
is compatible with all of your highlighting colors.



FEATURES
--------


> I'm a little confused about what happend to drag and drop. I thought
> drag-N-drop was supported by the Motif library.

NEdit no longer uses the Motif text widget, so all of the functionality had
to be duplicated in the new widget. Drag and drop between windows got left
off due to time pressure of getting out the new release, but it will be
back some day.

> Why don't you integrate Max Vohlken's / Yunliang Yu's versions into the
> official release of NEdit

Many of their changes will eventually find their way in to the "official"
version, but some will not. Max has really done quite a lot of stuff. I
appreciate it, and I think it's kind of neat to have a "bleeding edge"
version of NEdit around to try out new features.

I can't just apply Max's patches to our version and release it. Some of
them break the VMS version, some interfere with existing commands that are
important to other users, and some are just customizations that I don't
particularly agree with. Mostly, I want to do a lot of testing to make sure
the changes are safe on all platforms, and I just don't have time right
now. (Mark Edel)

Update as of NEdit version 5.2RC1: The forthcoming NEdit version 5.2
contains several functionalities of Max's patches.

> I really like nedit and it would be nice to use on windows 95 or NT instead
> of word or notepad. Is this possible?

There is an NT version of NEdit, available at
http://nedit.org/download/win32.shtml. A mini-FAQ is also available.

> A feature which is found in in some Macintosh and PC programs, which I
> like, is to provide pre-entered default values in text fields. For example,
> the find and replace dialogs could show the last search/replace string, or
> the currently selected text. These programs select the text, so simply
> typing in the field automatically replaces the default without any extra
> work from the user.

X has a strict convention that there can be only one selection at a time on
the whole display. This means that some of the tricks used in PC and
Macintosh programs don't work in X. On PCs and Macs, programs can fill in
default values in text fields, and select the text that they have inserted
such that If the user types over the selection, it will automatically be
erased. Under X, there is a price to pay for making an automatic selection.
The selection must be "stolen" from some other window, maybe some other
program. If the user's intent was to paste a selection that existed before
the dialog popped up, once the automatic selection is made, they are out of
luck.

If NEdit automatically transferred the selection to the Find or Replace
dialog, it would either have to steal the selection, or users would have to
click or drag the mouse over the text to delete it before they could type
anything different. Instead, NEdit has a "Find Selection" command, as well
as various methods of pasting and copying the selection into dialog fields.
It also allows you to recall of previous search strings in the Find and
Replace dialogs via the up-arrow and down-arrow keys.

> I would like to use (multiple fonts, special symbols) in my file, but NEdit
> seems to allow just one single font.

NEdit is a plain text editor, not a word processor. Plain text files have
no font or formatting information contained in them, they are just a string
of ascii characters. While you might find a font with limited symbols and
greek letters, your troubles would just be beginning. You'd still have
trouble getting the printer to agree and print out the characters as they
appeared in NEdit. For anything involving font changes or special symbols,
you need a word processor, such as Microsoft Word, or a text formatting
program like LaTEX.

> Auto-wrap doesn't work very well. When I type in the middle of a line, I
> can push the end of the line beyond the right margin, and when I delete, It
> doesn't keep the right edge of the text lined up.

You probably want continuous wrap mode (Preferences -> Wrap -> Continuous).

Because NEdit is not a word processor, it is stuck with the limits of the
plain text format. In the default, auto-newline, wrapping mode, nedit does
wrapping by inserting newline characters. Because there is only one newline
character, NEdit can't distinguish a newline which can be "unwrapped" from
one which the user intended to be permanent. While it might be possible for
NEdit to temporarily make that distinction, for example while the cursor is
on a particular line that the user is typing, ultimately, NEdit will have
to forget this information, because there is no way to save it in the file.
Users who work in auto-newline wrap mode tend to make liberal use of the
Fill paragraph command.

In continuous wrapping mode, you can intentionally leave out the newlines
within paragraphs, and lines will be wrapped as needed to fit within the
page. When you edit in the middle of a paragraph, the text will be
continuously adjusted. However, continuous wrap mode has it's limitations
too. All paragraphs must be lined up against the right margin to take
advantage of continuous wrapping, and Unix systems have limited support for
files of that format. You may have trouble printing and viewing the files
outside of NEdit.

> NEdit scrolls too fast when I extend a selection by dragging the mouse
> outside of the window.

NEdit features proportional auto-scrolling, where the speed is controlled
by how far your mouse is beyond the edge of the window. If you want it to
scroll slower, bring the mouse back closer to the text.

> Is there a special symbol (as % for filename in the shell commands) that
> can be used to represent the text that is selected, which can then be used
> as an argument to a command? For instance, I want to feed the selection to
> a script so that it can be used as the expression to a 'grep' command. Is
> there any other way that I can accomplish this goal?

Below is an example from the NEdit discussion list (from David L.
Paterline) of a "Find All" command implemented by using the selection as an
argument to the grep command:

    I set up a command to list all lines in a file which contain the
    highlighted selection as follows, using the Preferences -> Shell
    Commands menu:

        Menu Entry:           all <selection>
        Command Input:        selection
        Command Output:       new window
        Save file before:     yes
        Shell Command:        grep -n -- "`cat -`" %

    The 'cat -' portion of the command echoes the selected text to the
    'grep -n' command, which lists the lines containing the selection with
    line numbers. The output of the command appears in a new window; I can
    then highlight a line number in the new window and use the Search ->
    Goto Selected menu in the original window to jump to the line in the
    original file.

> How can I print highlighted text on my printer as it appears in NEdit.

In the current version, that's not possible, but there are external tools
for highlighting, which are specifically designed for printing, including
a2ps, enscript, and genscript.



SERVER MODE AND NC
------------------


> I use a mailer which can invoke an external editor, but if I use nc, the
> mailer process continues and assumes the editor has finished, when in fact
> it hasn't.

nc is actually finished communicating with the NEdit server when it
returns. It's possible to create a shell command that invokes nc and then
goes to sleep, and a second script to be run from the NEdit Shell menu,
which looks for the sleeping process with a matching file name and kills
it. Try the shell scripts in:

    ftp://ftp.nedit.org/pub/contrib/misc/nc_and_wait.tar

> I started nedit (via 'nc') as root, and then later tried to edit a file as
> myself with 'nc'. I was very suprised to see that a new nedit wasn't
> started--rather, I was given the old nedit window, with root permissions.
> Isn't this a security hole?

Actually, NEdit does check who the user is. When you use the su command,
however, several Unix variants return the original user name in response to
the standard C library calls for getting a user name, rather than the name
to which you have su'd. Starting with version 5.1, a different mechanism is
used for getting this information, so you shouldn't see this problem any
more.

In your case, my guess is that you used su to become root, then started an
nedit server as root. On a system which returns the original user name,
both the new server and the nc client program think the user name is your
original user name, so the server accepts requests from both you as root
and you as you.

The security of an nedit session, depends upon the security of your X
server. Only those with access to your screen can send commands to an nedit
server, but they can also send keystrokes to any nedit, or a shell window,
etc... Anyhow, just upgrade to the latest NEdit version.



EDITING TECHNIQUES
------------------


> I'd like to select a large expanse of text without dragging all the way
> through it with the mouse.

Using the shift key with the left mouse button, you can select all of the
text between the cursor (or an existing selection) and the mouse.

    * Position the cursor at one end of the desired selection

    * Use the scroll bar to make the other end visible

    * Shift+Click with the left mouse button to select the text between the
    cursor and the mouse

Alternatively, using only keyboard navigation:

    * Position the cursor at one end of the desired selection

    * Type Alt-m and a letter to mark the position

    * Use the keyboard to go to the other end of the desired selection

    * Type Shift-Alt-g and the letter you used to mark the first end of the
    selection

> How can I select the text between two marks?

    * Go to the first mark (Goto Mark).

    * Hold the shift key while selecting Goto Mark or Alt+Shift+G to select
    the text.



BUGS
----


> The keyboard shortcuts (accelerator keys) are not working when 'Caps' or
> 'Num Lock' are switched on. Have I overlooked something obvious?

You haven't overlooked anything, it's a Motif design flaw. Netscape
painfully works around this and the Alt/Meta key reversal on Sun
workstations by internally re-implementing the Motif menu accelerator
mechanism. NEdit will likely follow suit with the release of version 5.2.

Another possibility (writes Peter Daifuku of SGI):

    There's another answer which unfortunately isn't widespread as yet. For
    an X11R6.3 X server supporting the XKB extension, there is a mechanism
    to ignore the NumLock and CapsLock key as modifiers. The file
    /usr/lib/X11/xkb/X0-config.keyboard should contain the string
    IgnoreLockMods=NumLock+Lock . For systems with multiple displays,
    display 1 would be controlled by the file X1-config.keyboard, etc.

    On SGI systems, this mechanism is support on IRIX 6.2 with X server
    patch 1574 or later, on IRIX 6.3 and IRIX 6.4 and all later releases.

> Sometimes NEdit inserts <dc3> instead of saving the file when I type ^S.
> Other keyboard shortcuts (accelerator keys) don't work either.
You have probably NumLock or CapsLock ON. See the answer to this (#N900)
question.
> I use the numeric keypad really often, so I keep NumLock on. But NEdit
> shortcuts don't work when NumLock is on.

The bug is not in NEdit, but in Motif. This is fixed as of NEdit 5.2, but
that might not help you much. Older versions have the same problem.

Here's how you tell X to interpret the keypad keys as numbers without
turning NumLock on. Create a file .Xmodmap in your home directory, and put
the following lines in it:

  keycode  79 = KP_7
  keycode  80 = KP_8
  keycode  81 = KP_9
  keycode  83 = KP_4
  keycode  84 = KP_5
  keycode  85 = KP_6
  keycode  87 = KP_1
  keycode  88 = KP_2
  keycode  89 = KP_3
  keycode  90 = KP_0
  keycode  91 = KP_Decimal

Then make sure the script that starts your X session parses this file with
the command:

  xmodmap -merge ~/.Xmodmap

This script can be ~/.xinitrc (called by startx) or something like Xsession
if you use xdm/kdm/gdm. Then again, it might be an entirely different
script on some systems.

Then turn off numlock, and just continue using the keypad. The only thing
is, you loose the alternate set of functions (cursor/home/pgdown/etc).

> NEdit crashes I try to paste text in to a text field in a dialog (like Find
> or Replace) on my SunOS system.

On many SunOS systems, you have to set up an nls directory before various
inter-client communication features of Motif will function properly. Before
NEdit 4.0 this wasn't much of a problem, because users couldn't cut and
paste at all, and Motif would sometimes print a warning about not finding
an nls directory, so most users figured it out right away. But with 4.0,
everything seems to be working fine, except when someone tries to move text
in or out of a dialog field, then blamo.

There are instructions in README.sun in
ftp://ftp.nedit.org/pub/<current-version<, as well as a tar file containg a
complete nls directory:
ftp://ftp.nedit.org/pub/<current-version</individual/README.sun

It contains directions for setting up an nls directory, which is required
by Motif for handling copy and paste to Motif text fields.

> NEdit crashes frequently, particularly on window closing.

There is an obsolete resource in Motif called defaultFontList, which does
nothing but cause random crashing. I don't know why NEdit users keep
popping up with this resource set, maybe it looks enticing when you look at
widget resources with editres. Anyhow, setting it to anything, whether it
be a valid font or just garbage, causes random crashing in both Motif 1.2
and 2.0, so just don't set it.

> NEdit sometimes crashes when I execute a shell command menu item I just
> added.

Check the "Command Input" setting, in the Preferences->Shell Commands
dialog for that menu item. If the shell command being executed does not
take input, but "Command Input" is set to "selection" or "window", NEdit
tries to write the input anyhow, and fails. Set "Command Input" to "none"
to prevent this possibility. This is fixed in version 5.1 and later.

> When NEdit starts up, I get errors:
> 
>    Cannot allocate colormap entry for "#b3b3b3"
>    Cannot allocate colormap entry for "#e5e5e5"

Most X displays are set up to operate in a mode which allocates 8 bits of
video memory per-pixel, and requires a color mapping table to translate
pixel values to screen colors. With just 8 bits there are only 256 possible
colors, and programs must either allocate and share these pixel values, or
swap in their own colormap and make all other windows flash to strange
colors while their window is focused. Some programs, Netscape in
particular, are bad neighbors in this environment and snarf up every free
entry in the shared colormap, such that every program that runs after them
gets the errors you're asking about.

The solution is either to start Netscape last, after all other applications
that you might want to run, or better, tell Netscape how many colors it is
allowed to allocate. Fortunately, you can do this with a resource setting:

    Netscape*maxImageColors: 80

> Sometimes when I use regular expression replacement inside of a rectangular
> selection, NEdit fails to match text which does legally match the
> expression.

The problem with REs and rectangular selections is that matching is bounded
by the rectangular selection, but text outside of the selection is still
fed to the matching routines, so ^, $, don't refer to the edges of the
selection, they still refer to the beginning and ending of the line, and
some legal matches are excluded because they continue outside of the
selection are thereby excluded, or are shadowed by matches which begin or
end outside of the selection.

> When ever I execute an nedit shell command (such as spell or wc) I get
> (extra junk, error messages, complaints from stty) inserted into my text,
> or an Information dialog with (extra junk, error messages, complaints from
> stty).

You probably have printing commands in your shell startup file (.cshrc, or
equivalent). These should either be skipped in non-interactive mode, or
moved to your .login file. You can often see the problem outside of nedit
by typing:

    csh -c ls

Error messages from stty are a result of it being executed from a process
which isn't attached to a terminal. You can safely move stty statements and
most other interactive commands to your .login file (calling stty from a
.cshrc file is redundant because the terminal device doesn't change for
each sub-shell). If you can't remove interactive commands, you should skip
around them in non-interactive shells, I think the usual method is to put
them at the end, preceded by something like:

    if ($?prompt == 0) exit

The manual entry on csh has more information on this.

> On a Solaris system, when trying to open a file within nedit, you get the
> listing of available file names. However, the sub-window (on the right)
> containing the file names (not directory names) sometimes is too narrow so
> that you can't see the filename part (i.e.
> /usr/people/rainer/sometextfile.txt shows up as /usr/people/rain or so).
> When resizing the dialog box, the filenames sub-window on the right doesn't
> become larger. I know I can use nedit.stdOpenDialog to type a filename, but
> that's annoying.

It's a bug in the shared Motif library. Depending on your system, the patch
is one of ID# 103461-07, # 102226-19, or # 103186-21. If you can't patch
your system, you can set the resource:

    nedit*XmFileSelectionBox.pathMode:  XmPATH_MODE_RELATIVE

This will stop the dialog from displaying the path component of file names.
Another possible workaround is to use the nedit_sunos executable (from
ftp://ftp.nedit.org/pub/), which is statically linked with a good Motif.

> When I try to open a file from the "Open" dialog nothing appears in the
> "Filter" textfield. Instead, I get repeated message like:
> 
>     Name: Text
>     Class: XmTextField
>     Character '/' not supported in font.  Discarded.

In some versions of S.u.S.E. Linux, there's apparently something wrong with
their builds of NEdit and other Motif apps. I've been told you can make
nedit work by seting the environment variable LD_PRELOAD to
/lib/libBrokenLocale.so.1 before launching it. You can also use the
statically linked version of NEdit for Linux from ftp://ftp.nedit.org/pub/

> NEdit seems to be running very slowly on my Solaris 2.6 system.

If you're running NEdit on a Solaris 2.6 system and experiencing
performance problems (windows come up slowly), the patch for Sun's shared
Motif library is ID# 105284-04. Installing the patch alone will improve the
performance dramatically. The patch also enables a resource,
*XmMenuReduceGrabs. Setting this to True will eliminate the delay
completely.

> I can't seem to enter accented characters on my system.

This should be working properly on most systems as of NEdit 5.1 or later.
If it's not, try re-building NEdit with -DNO_XMIM. If it still doesn't
work, send mail to develop@nedit.org

> When I try to use nc to start an nedit server, for instance using
> 
>     nc (filename)
> 
> I receive the following error message:
> 
>    (filename): forward host lookup failed:
>                Host name lookup failure: Connection refused

There is another program called 'nc' which is installed on some systems. In
this case, 'nc' is for 'netcat', some kind of network diagnostic tool. You
can safely rename NEdit's 'nc' to something else (we recommend ncl), or put
it first in your path before 'netcat'.

> Whenever I try to open existing files by using menu, nedit crashes, and
> sometimes I get the following error message:
> 
>    X Error of failed request:  BadAlloc (insufficient resources for operation)
>    Major opcode of failed request:  53 (X_CreatePixmap)
> 
> But if I type 'nedit filename' command, it works. So how can I open file by
> using menu bar?

Several users have reported this problem. Most of them were using S.u.S.E.
Linux . A few others had different distributions, but always European. The
problem appears to be related to how Motif searches for named pixmaps and
bitmaps. My guess is that on some systems, this search encounters a match
with a bad pixmap file, or tries to load something which is not a pixmap at
all. One solution was to set the environment variable XBMLANGPATH to a
random directory. For example:

  XBMLANGPATH=.
  export XBMLANGPATH

The solution on S.u.S.E Linux systems was to remove an unnecessary line in
the global /etc/profile (provided by S.u.S.E.):

  export XAPPLRESDIR=
      "$XAPPLRESDIR:/var/X11R6/app-defaults:/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults"

Another user who had the problem reported that the root cause appeared to
be insufficient read permissions on some xm_* (e.g. xm_warning) pixmaps in
"/usr/X11R6/include/X11/bitmaps". (Could someone else confirm this?)

> I want to be able to spawn a command from NEdit. By this I mean that I want
> to NEdit to launch another program without waiting for the program to
> return. At the moment I'd like to be able to launch 'mctags', but I also
> have a variety of other things I'd like to do. The shell command: 'mctags
> &' continues to wait for mctags to finish, despite the "&". Is there any
> way to do what I want?

It's a bug/feature of NEdit that it considers a shell command process alive
as long as any of it's file descriptors remain open. Forked processes
generally copy and keep open the stdout and stderr descriptors from their
parent process, so you have to add '>& /dev/null' to your shell command, so
it reads:

    mctags >& /dev/null &

> NEdit flashes or matches the wrong parenthesis, bracket, or brace if there
> is an intervening paren/bracket/brace quoted in between.

Until version 5.0, NEdit had no way of even knowing what language you were
operating in when making the flash/match decision, so it simply counted
opening and closing instances, disregarding language syntax context
(strings, comments, etc.) completely. Now that the feature is more possible
to implement, it may be included in a future version, but I'm not entirely
sure how best to do it yet.

> I'd like to edit a file which is about 50 Megabytes long. Whenever I try to
> read this file, there was always a message as following:
> 
>     Error: Cannot perform realloc

How large a file you can edit with NEdit depends on how much swap space +
RAM you have, since it loads your file into virtual memory and occasionally
does a full copy of that memory space. NEdit can handle a 100MB file
reasonably well if you increase your swap space, but I don't know how far
beyond that it can go. To work with a 100MB file, you must have at least
200MB of virtual memory available. Many Unix systems can be set up to
temporarily increase swap space by creating a temporary swap file.

> We installed NEdit Version 5.0 recently, and the accelerators Ctrl-G (Find
> again) and Ctrl-L (Goto Line Number) are now missing

You have an out-of-date app-defaults file. We strongly recommend not using
such files for this exact reason. When you use an app-defaults file, it
replaces ALL of the program defaults. If you do install an app-defaults
file, it is your responsibility to keep it up to date with each new release
of the executable. Otherwise, as you have observed, certain features will
degrade with each release, as the app-defaults file and the executable get
further and further out of sync with eachother.

> On our PCs we have Windows 3.1 and we run XVision as X-Server. The problem
> that we have is, that we cannot mark with the mouse within NEdit.
> 
> When you click and hold the left mouse button and then move the mouse, you
> can see the mark-area flickering during the movement of the mouse. When
> stopping the movement nothing is highlighted and nothing is marked.

XVision is grabbing the selection immediately, as soon as it is made, not
allowing applications to own it. This behavior is completely wrong, and I
have no idea what they might have been thinking when they implemented it.
It may be possible to turn it off, ask their technical support people if
they're not already out of business.

> My regular expression replacement got truncated! I wrote a regular
> expression to nest additional braces around blocks of code (replace
> {([^{}]|\n)*} with {\0}), which works for small blocks of text, but it
> fails on large ones, truncating the replacement at around 512 bytes.

A remnant of pre-regular-expression, pre-macro-language NEdit, is that
replacement strings are limited to 511 bytes. This is high on the list to
fix in a future upgrade.

> NEdit is slow and pages continuously on my 8MB Linux system

On most Unix workstations, 8MB of RAM is actually insufficient to run X and
Motif properly. Some Linux users get by with it and Linux itself seems to
be quite memory efficient, but you really should have 12 or 16 if you're
going to be using X much. NEdit would not be my first choice in editors on
an 8MB system.

> Some of the special keys on my keyboard don't do what I expect.

X systems are rife with this kind of problem because are just too many
levels of re-settable bindings between the keyboard and the application
program that reads it. Sun systems are the worst offenders, combining poor
Motif support with a variety of strange keyboard arrangements.

To diagnose these problems, you have to look at all three levels of key
binding that affect Motif programs.

At the bottom level are the modifier map and keymap table, where hardware
key codes are bound to X keysyms. You can see the bindings on this level
with the xmodmap program (see man xmodmap). A useful tool in debugging the
xmodmap level is a program like xev, which can show you the keysyms it
receives.

The next level up from that is the motif virtual binding level (see man
VirtualBindings). You can (usually) view the bindings at this level by
looking at the value of the root window property: _MOTIF_DEFAULT_BINDINGS,
using the xprop -root command, however what you see is not necessarily what
you'll get. The defaults for these bindings are determined by an
unbelievably complicated process involving not just the application in
question, but Motif applications which have run before it attached to the
same server. This process is described in detail in the VirtualBindings
manual page (which is often not available on systems where the bindings are
messed up). While it's usually better to attack system configuration
problems at the source, this one is so contorted that you're better off
with a patch. Luckily, the default Motif virtual bindings can be overridden
by an application resource called defaultVirtualBindings. If you think the
problem is at the Motif virtual binding level, define a
defaultVirtualBindings resource in your .Xresources or .Xdefaults file,
using the example below as a template, replacing the keysym names (to the
right of the colon) with the keysyms shown by xev when you press the
desired key:

   !
   ! Motif Virtual Key Bindings
   !
   nedit*defaultVirtualBindings: \
        osfActivate     :               <Key>KP_Enter\n\
        osfCancel       :               <Key>Escape\n\
        osfHelp         :               <Key>Help\n\
        osfMenu         :               <Key>F4\n\
        osfMenuBar      :               <Key>F10\n\
        osfLeft         :               <Key>Left\n\
        osfUp           :               <Key>Up\n\
        osfRight        :               <Key>Right\n\
        osfDown         :               <Key>Down\n\
        osfBeginLine    :               <Key>Home\n\
        osfEndLine      :               <Key>End\n\
        osfPageUp       :               <Key>Prior\n\
        osfPageDown     :               <Key>Next\n\
        osfBackSpace    :               <Key>BackSpace\n\
        osfDelete       :               <Key>Delete\n\
        osfInsert       :               <Key>Insert\n\
        osfUndo         :               <Key>F14\n\
        osfAddMode      :Shift          <Key>F8\n\
        osfCopy         :               <Key>F16\n\
        osfCut          :               <Key>F20\n\
        osfPaste        :               <Key>F18\n

If NEdit is having binding problems, chances are that other Motif-based
programs are also having trouble. Removing the "nedit" from the resource
name above (just *defaultVirtualBindings), will apply it to the other Motif
programs that you run as well.

The top level bindings in the key binding hierarchy, are the X toolkit
translation tables (see the NEdit Help section called X Resources). To show
the translations in use, you can add a binding which dumps the table
itself:

    nedit*text.Translations: #override \
        Alt<Key>t: XtDisplayTranslations()\n

Typing Alt+T will then display the contents of the translation table to
stdout (the terminal from which you started NEdit). If you have the NEdit
source, you can also look at the default bindings in the module text.c.

Sometimes, even if you don't understand the problem, you can patch around
it by supplying translations for the keysyms that NEdit actually sees,
binding them to the action routines that you want activated when you press
that key.

$Id: faq.txt,v 1.3 2002/09/26 12:37:37 ajhood Exp $