3 nbdkit-captive - run nbdkit under another process and have it
8 nbdkit PLUGIN [...] --run "CMD ARGS ..."
10 nbdkit --exit-with-parent PLUGIN [...]
14 You can run nbdkit under another process and have nbdkit reliably
15 clean up. There are two techniques depending on whether you want
16 nbdkit to start the other process (L</CAPTIVE NBDKIT>), or if you want
17 the other process to start nbdkit (L</EXIT WITH PARENT>).
21 You can run nbdkit as a "captive process", using the I<--run> option.
22 This means that nbdkit runs as long as (for example) L<qemu(1)> or
23 L<guestfish(1)> is running. When those exit, nbdkit is killed.
25 Some examples should make this clear.
27 To run nbdkit captive under qemu:
29 nbdkit file disk.img --run 'qemu -drive file=$nbd,if=virtio'
31 On the qemu command line, C<$nbd> is substituted automatically with
32 the right NBD path so it can connect to nbdkit. When qemu exits,
33 nbdkit is killed and cleaned up automatically.
35 Running nbdkit captive under guestfish:
37 nbdkit file disk.img --run 'guestfish --format=raw -a $nbd -i'
39 When guestfish exits, nbdkit is killed.
41 The following shell variables are available in the I<--run> argument:
47 A URI that refers to the nbdkit port or socket in the preferred form
48 documented by the NBD project. If nbdkit was started with the B<-e>
49 option to set the preferred export name, this is included in the URI.
53 An older URL that refers to the nbdkit port or socket in a manner
54 specific to certain tools. This form does not include an export name,
55 even if B<-e> was used.
57 Note there is some magic here, since qemu and guestfish URLs have a
58 different format, so nbdkit tries to guess which you are running. If
59 the magic doesn't work, try using the variables below instead.
63 If E<ne> "", the port number that nbdkit is listening on.
67 If E<ne> "", the Unix domain socket that nbdkit is listening on.
71 The default export name (which may be "") that nbdkit will advertise
72 in response to NBD_OPT_LIST. This comes from the B<-e>
73 (B<--exportname>) command line option.
77 I<--run> implies I<--foreground>. It is not possible, and probably
78 not desirable, to have nbdkit fork into the background when using
81 Even when running captive, nbdkit still listens on the regular TCP/IP
82 port, unless you specify the I<-p>/I<-U> options. If you want a truly
83 private captive nbdkit, then you should create a private random
84 Unix socket, like this:
86 nbdkit -U - plugin [args] --run '...'
88 =head2 Copying data in and out of plugins with captive nbdkit
90 Captive nbdkit + L<qemu-img(1)> can be used to copy data into and out
91 of nbdkit plugins. For example L<nbdkit-example1-plugin(1)> contains
92 an embedded disk image. To copy it out:
94 nbdkit -U - example1 --run 'qemu-img convert $nbd disk.img'
96 If plugin requests have a high overhead (for example making HTTP
97 requests to a remote server), adding L<nbdkit-readahead-filter(1)> may
100 nbdkit -U - --filter=readahead curl https://example.com/disk.img \
101 --run 'qemu-img convert $nbd disk.img'
103 If the source suffers from temporary network failures
104 L<nbdkit-retry-filter(1)> may help.
106 To overwrite a file inside an uncompressed tar file (the file being
107 overwritten must be the same size), use L<nbdkit-tar-plugin(1)> like
110 nbdkit -U - tar tar=data.tar file=disk.img \
111 --run 'qemu-img convert -n disk.img $nbd'
113 =head1 EXIT WITH PARENT
115 The I<--exit-with-parent> option is almost the opposite of
116 L</CAPTIVE NBDKIT> described in the previous section.
118 Running nbdkit with this option, for example from a script:
120 nbdkit --exit-with-parent plugin ... &
122 means that nbdkit will exit automatically if the parent program exits
123 for any reason. This can be used to avoid complicated cleanups or
124 orphaned nbdkit processes.
126 I<--exit-with-parent> is incompatible with forking into the background
127 (because when we fork into the background we lose track of the parent
128 process). Therefore I<-f> / I<--foreground> is implied.
130 This is currently implemented using a non-POSIX feature available in
131 S<Linux ≥ 2.1.57> and S<FreeBSD ≥ 11.2>, so it won't work on other
132 operating systems (patches welcome to make it work).
134 If the parent application is multithreaded, then (in the Linux
135 implementation) if the parent I<thread> exits, that will cause nbdkit
136 to exit. Thus in multithreaded applications you usually want to run
137 C<nbdkit --exit-with-parent> only from the main thread (unless you
138 actually want nbdkit to exit with the thread, but that may not work
139 reliably on all operating systems).
144 L<prctl(2)> (on Linux),
145 L<procctl(2)> (on FreeBSD).
157 Copyright (C) 2013-2018 Red Hat Inc.