1 Accessing PCI device resources through sysfs
2 --------------------------------------------
4 sysfs, usually mounted at /sys, provides access to PCI resources on platforms
5 that support it. For example, a given bus might look like this:
7 /sys/devices/pci0000:17
20 | |-- subsystem_device
21 | |-- subsystem_vendor
25 The topmost element describes the PCI domain and bus number. In this case,
26 the domain number is 0000 and the bus number is 17 (both values are in hex).
27 This bus contains a single function device in slot 0. The domain and bus
28 numbers are reproduced for convenience. Under the device directory are several
29 files, each with their own function.
33 class PCI class (ascii, ro)
34 config PCI config space (binary, rw)
35 device PCI device (ascii, ro)
36 enable Whether the device is enabled (ascii, rw)
37 irq IRQ number (ascii, ro)
38 local_cpus nearby CPU mask (cpumask, ro)
39 resource PCI resource host addresses (ascii, ro)
40 resource0..N PCI resource N, if present (binary, mmap)
41 resource0_wc..N_wc PCI WC map resource N, if prefetchable (binary, mmap)
42 rom PCI ROM resource, if present (binary, ro)
43 subsystem_device PCI subsystem device (ascii, ro)
44 subsystem_vendor PCI subsystem vendor (ascii, ro)
45 vendor PCI vendor (ascii, ro)
48 rw - file is readable and writable
49 mmap - file is mmapable
50 ascii - file contains ascii text
51 binary - file contains binary data
52 cpumask - file contains a cpumask type
54 The read only files are informational, writes to them will be ignored, with
55 the exception of the 'rom' file. Writable files can be used to perform
56 actions on the device (e.g. changing config space, detaching a device).
57 mmapable files are available via an mmap of the file at offset 0 and can be
58 used to do actual device programming from userspace. Note that some platforms
59 don't support mmapping of certain resources, so be sure to check the return
60 value from any attempted mmap.
62 The 'enable' file provides a counter that indicates how many times the device
63 has been enabled. If the 'enable' file currently returns '4', and a '1' is
64 echoed into it, it will then return '5'. Echoing a '0' into it will decrease
65 the count. Even when it returns to 0, though, some of the initialisation
68 The 'rom' file is special in that it provides read-only access to the device's
69 ROM file, if available. It's disabled by default, however, so applications
70 should write the string "1" to the file to enable it before attempting a read
71 call, and disable it following the access by writing "0" to the file. Note
72 that the device must be enabled for a rom read to return data succesfully.
73 In the event a driver is not bound to the device, it can be enabled using the
74 'enable' file, documented above.
76 Accessing legacy resources through sysfs
77 ----------------------------------------
79 Legacy I/O port and ISA memory resources are also provided in sysfs if the
80 underlying platform supports them. They're located in the PCI class hierarchy,
83 /sys/class/pci_bus/0000:17/
84 |-- bridge -> ../../../devices/pci0000:17
89 The legacy_io file is a read/write file that can be used by applications to
90 do legacy port I/O. The application should open the file, seek to the desired
91 port (e.g. 0x3e8) and do a read or a write of 1, 2 or 4 bytes. The legacy_mem
92 file should be mmapped with an offset corresponding to the memory offset
93 desired, e.g. 0xa0000 for the VGA frame buffer. The application can then
94 simply dereference the returned pointer (after checking for errors of course)
95 to access legacy memory space.
97 Supporting PCI access on new platforms
98 --------------------------------------
100 In order to support PCI resource mapping as described above, Linux platform
101 code must define HAVE_PCI_MMAP and provide a pci_mmap_page_range function.
102 Platforms are free to only support subsets of the mmap functionality, but
103 useful return codes should be provided.
105 Legacy resources are protected by the HAVE_PCI_LEGACY define. Platforms
106 wishing to support legacy functionality should define it and provide
107 pci_legacy_read, pci_legacy_write and pci_mmap_legacy_page_range functions.