2 ==== Installing musl ====
4 musl may be installed either as an alternate C library alongside the
5 existing libraries on a system, or as the primary C library for a new
6 or existing musl-based system.
8 This document covers the prerequisites and procedures for compiling
13 ==== Build Prerequisites ====
15 The only build-time prerequisites for musl are GNU Make and a
16 freestanding C99 compiler toolchain targeting the desired instruction
17 set architecture and ABI, with support for gcc-style inline assembly,
18 weak aliases, and stand-alone assembly source files.
20 The system used to build musl does not need to be Linux-based, nor do
21 the Linux kernel headers need to be available.
23 If support for dynamic linking is desired, some further requirements
24 are placed on the compiler and linker. In particular, the linker must
25 support the -Bsymbolic-functions option.
27 At present, GCC 4.6 or later is the recommended compiler for building
28 musl. Any earlier version of GCC with full C99 support should also
29 work, but may be subject to minor floating point conformance issues on
30 i386 targets. Sufficiently recent versions of PCC and LLVM/clang are
31 also believed to work, but have not been tested as heavily; prior to
32 Fall 2012, both had known bugs that affected musl.
36 === Supported Targets ====
38 musl can be built for the following CPU instruction set architecture
41 - i386 (requires 387 math and 486 cmpxchg instructions)
44 - mips (o32 ABI, requires fpu or float emulation in kernel)
45 - microblaze (requires a cpu with lwx/swx instructions)
46 - powerpc (32-bit, must use "secure plt" mode for dynamic linking)
48 For architectures with both little- and big-endian options, both are
49 supported unless otherwise noted.
51 In general, musl assumes the availability of all Linux syscall
52 interfaces available in Linux 2.6.0. Some programs that do not use
53 threads or other modern functionality may be able to run on 2.4.x
54 kernels. Other kernels (such as BSD) that provide a Linux-compatible
55 syscall ABI should also work but have not been extensively tested.
59 ==== Option 1: Installing musl as an alternate C library ====
61 In this setup, musl and any third-party libraries linked to musl will
62 reside under an alternate prefix such as /usr/local/musl or /opt/musl.
63 A wrapper script for gcc, called musl-gcc, can be used in place of gcc
64 to compile and link programs and libraries against musl.
66 (Note: There are not yet corresponding wrapper scripts for other
67 compilers, so if you wish to compile and link against musl using
68 another compiler, you are responsible for providing the correct
69 options to override the default include and library search paths.)
71 To install musl as an alternate libc, follow these steps:
73 1. Configure musl's build with a command similar to:
74 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/musl --exec-prefix=/usr/local
75 Refer to ./configure --help for details on other options. You may
76 change the install prefix if you like, but DO NOT set it to a
77 location that contains your existing libraries based on another
78 libc such as glibc or uClibc. If you do not intend to use dynamic
79 linking, you may disable it at this point via --disable-shared and
80 cut the build time in half. If you wish to use dynamic linking but
81 do not have permissions to write to /lib, you will need to set an
82 alternate dynamic linker location via --syslibdir.
84 2. Run "make". Parallel build is fully supported, so you can instead
85 use "make -j3" or so on SMP systems if you like.
87 3. Run "make install" as a user sufficient privileges to write to the
90 4. Create a file named /etc/ld-musl-$ARCH.path (where $ARCH is
91 replaced by i386, x86_64, etc. as appropriate) containing the
92 correct colon-delimited search path for where you intend to install
93 musl-linked shared library files. If this file is missing, musl
94 will search the standard path, and you will encounter problems when
95 it attempts to load libraries linked against your host libc. Note
96 that this step can be skipped if you disabled dynamic linking.
98 After installing, you can use musl via the musl-gcc wrapper. For
105 printf("hello, world!\n");
112 To configure autoconf-based program to compile and link against musl,
113 set the CC variable to musl-gcc when running configure, as in:
115 CC=musl-gcc ./configure ...
117 You will probably also want to use --prefix when building libraries to
118 ensure that they are installed under the musl prefix and not in the
119 main host system library directories.
121 Finally, it's worth noting that musl's include and lib directories in
122 the build tree are setup to be usable without installation, if
123 necessary. Just modify the paths in the spec file used by musl-gcc
124 (it's located at $prefix/lib/musl-gcc.specs) to point to the
129 ==== Option 2: Installing musl as the primary C library ====
131 In this setup, you will need an existing compiler/toolchain. It
132 shouldn't matter whether it was configured for glibc, uClibc, musl, or
133 something else entirely, but sometimes gcc can be uncooperative,
134 especially if the system distributor has built gcc with strange
135 options. It probably makes the most sense to perform the following
136 steps inside a chroot setup or on a virtualized machine with the
137 filesystem containing just a minimal toolchain.
139 WARNING: DO NOT DO THIS ON AN EXISTING SYSTEM UNLESS YOU REALLY WANT
140 TO CONVERT IT TO BE A MUSL-BASED SYSTEM!!
142 1. If you are just upgrading an existing version of musl, you can skip
143 step 1 entirely. Otherwise, move the existing include and lib
144 directories on your system out of the way. Unless all the binaries
145 you will need are static-linked, you should edit /etc/ld.so.conf
146 (or equivalent) and put the new locations of your old libraries in
147 the search path before you move them, or your system will break
148 badly and you will not be able to continue.
150 2. Configure musl's build with a command similar to:
151 ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-gcc-wrapper
152 Refer to ./configure --help for details on other options.
154 3. Run "make" to compile musl.
156 4. Run "make install" with appropriate privileges.
158 5. If you are using gcc and wish to use dynamic linking, find the gcc
159 directory containing libgcc.a (it should be something like
160 /usr/lib/gcc/i486-linux-gnu/4.3.5, with the arch and version
161 possibly different) and look for a specs file there. If none
162 exists, use "gcc -dumpspecs > specs" to generate a specs file. Find
163 the dynamic linker (/lib/ld-linux.so.2 or similar) and change it to
164 "/lib/ld-musl-$ARCH.so.1" (with $ARCH replaced by your CPU arch).
166 At this point, musl should be the default libc. Compile a small test
167 program with gcc and verify (using readelf -a or objdump -x) that the
168 dynamic linker (program interpreter) is /lib/ld-musl-$ARCH.so.1. If
169 you're using static linking only, you might instead check the symbols
170 and look for anything suspicious that would indicate your old glibc or