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141 .TH gfdl 7 "gcc-3.4.2" "2004-09-20" "GNU"
144 gfdl \- \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License
146 .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
147 .Sh "\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License"
148 .IX Subsection "GNU Free Documentation License"
149 .Sh "Version 1.2, November 2002"
150 .IX Subsection "Version 1.2, November 2002"
152 \& Copyright (c) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
153 \& 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
156 \& Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
157 \& of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
162 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
163 functional and useful document \fIfree\fR in the sense of freedom: to
164 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
165 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
166 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
167 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
168 for modifications made by others.
170 This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
171 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
172 complements the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License, which is a copyleft
173 license designed for free software.
175 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
176 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
177 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
178 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
179 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
180 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
181 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
183 \&\s-1APPLICABILITY\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1DEFINITIONS\s0
185 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
186 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
187 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
188 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
189 work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below,
190 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
191 licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you
192 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
195 A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
196 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
197 modifications and/or translated into another language.
199 A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
200 of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
201 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
202 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
203 directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
204 part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
205 any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
206 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
207 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
210 The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
211 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
212 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
213 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
214 allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
215 Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
216 Sections then there are none.
218 The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
219 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
220 the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
221 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
223 A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
224 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
225 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
226 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
227 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
228 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
229 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
230 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
231 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
232 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
233 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
234 of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
236 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
237 \&\s-1ASCII\s0 without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
238 format, \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1SGML\s0} or \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1XML\s0} using a publicly available
239 \&\f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1DTD\s0}, and standard-conforming simple \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1HTML\s0},
240 PostScript or \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1PDF\s0} designed for human modification. Examples
241 of transparent image formats include \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1PNG\s0}, \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1XCF\s0} and
242 \&\f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1JPG\s0}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
243 read and edited only by proprietary word processors, \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1SGML\s0} or
244 \&\f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1XML\s0} for which the \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1DTD\s0} and/or processing tools are
245 not generally available, and the machine-generated \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1HTML\s0},
246 PostScript or \f(CW@acronym\fR{\s-1PDF\s0} produced by some word processors for
247 output purposes only.
249 The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
250 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
251 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
252 formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
253 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
254 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
256 A section ``Entitled \s-1XYZ\s0'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
257 title either is precisely \s-1XYZ\s0 or contains \s-1XYZ\s0 in parentheses following
258 text that translates \s-1XYZ\s0 in another language. (Here \s-1XYZ\s0 stands for a
259 specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
260 ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title''
261 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
262 section ``Entitled \s-1XYZ\s0'' according to this definition.
264 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
265 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
266 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
267 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
268 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
269 no effect on the meaning of this License.
271 \&\s-1VERBATIM\s0 \s-1COPYING\s0
273 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
274 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
275 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
276 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
277 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
278 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
279 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
280 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
281 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
283 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
284 you may publicly display copies.
286 \&\s-1COPYING\s0 \s-1IN\s0 \s-1QUANTITY\s0
288 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
289 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
290 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
291 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
292 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
293 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
294 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
295 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
296 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
297 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
298 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
299 as verbatim copying in other respects.
301 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
302 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
303 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
306 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
307 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
308 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
309 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
310 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
311 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
312 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
313 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
314 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
315 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
316 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
317 edition to the public.
319 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
320 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
321 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
323 \&\s-1MODIFICATIONS\s0
325 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
326 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
327 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
328 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
329 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
330 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
333 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
334 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
335 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
336 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
337 if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
339 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
340 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
341 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
342 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
343 unless they release you from this requirement.
345 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
346 Modified Version, as the publisher.
348 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
350 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
351 adjacent to the other copyright notices.
353 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
354 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
355 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
357 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
358 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
360 Include an unaltered copy of this License.
362 Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
363 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
364 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
365 there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
366 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
367 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
368 Version as stated in the previous sentence.
370 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
371 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
372 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
373 it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
374 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
375 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
376 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
378 For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
379 the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
380 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
381 dedications given therein.
383 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
384 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
385 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
387 Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
388 may not be included in the Modified Version.
390 Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
391 to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
393 Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
397 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
398 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
399 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
400 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
401 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
402 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
404 You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
405 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
406 parties\-\-\-for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
407 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
410 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
411 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
412 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
413 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
414 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
415 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
416 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
417 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
418 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
420 The \fIauthor\fR\|(s) and \fIpublisher\fR\|(s) of the Document do not by this License
421 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
422 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
425 \&\s-1COMBINING\s0 \s-1DOCUMENTS\s0
427 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
428 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
429 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
430 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
431 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
432 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
434 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
435 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
436 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
437 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
438 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
439 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
440 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
441 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
443 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
444 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
445 ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
446 and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all
447 sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
449 \&\s-1COLLECTIONS\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1DOCUMENTS\s0
451 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
452 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
453 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
454 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
455 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
457 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
458 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
459 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
460 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
462 \&\s-1AGGREGATION\s0 \s-1WITH\s0 \s-1INDEPENDENT\s0 \s-1WORKS\s0
464 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
465 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
466 distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
467 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
468 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
469 When the Document is included an aggregate, this License does not
470 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
471 derivative works of the Document.
473 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
474 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
475 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
476 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
477 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
478 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
483 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
484 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
485 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
486 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
487 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
488 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
489 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
490 Document, and any Warrany Disclaimers, provided that you also include
491 the original English version of this License and the original versions
492 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
493 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
494 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
496 If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
497 ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
498 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
503 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
504 as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
505 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
506 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
507 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
508 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
509 parties remain in full compliance.
512 \&\s-1FUTURE\s0 \s-1REVISIONS\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1THIS\s0 \s-1LICENSE\s0
514 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
515 of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
516 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
517 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
518 <\fBhttp://www.gnu.org/copyleft/\fR>.
520 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
521 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
522 License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
523 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
524 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
525 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
526 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
527 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
528 .Sh "\s-1ADDENDUM:\s0 How to use this License for your documents"
529 .IX Subsection "ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents"
530 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
531 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
532 license notices just after the title page:
535 \& Copyright (C) <year> <your name>.
536 \& Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
537 \& under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
538 \& or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
539 \& with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
540 \& A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
541 \& Free Documentation License''.
543 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
544 replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this:
547 \& with the Invariant Sections being <list their titles>, with
548 \& the Front-Cover Texts being <list>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
551 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
552 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
555 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
556 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
557 free software license, such as the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License,
558 to permit their use in free software.
560 .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
561 \&\fIgpl\fR\|(7), \fIfsf-funding\fR\|(7).
563 .IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
564 Copyright (c) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
565 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, \s-1MA\s0 02111\-1307, \s-1USA\s0
567 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
568 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.