Install Perl 5.8.8
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5 <title>README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS</title>
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12 <tr><td class="block" style="background-color: #cccccc" valign="middle">
13 <big><strong><span class="block">&nbsp;README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS</span></strong></big>
14 </td></tr>
15 </table>
17 <p><a name="__index__"></a></p>
18 <!-- INDEX BEGIN -->
20 <ul>
22 <li><a href="#name">NAME</a></li>
23 <li><a href="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
24 <li><a href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
25 <ul>
27 <li><a href="#tools">Tools</a></li>
28 <li><a href="#unpacking_perl_distribution_on_os_390">Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390</a></li>
29 <li><a href="#setup_and_utilities_for_perl_on_os_390">Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390</a></li>
30 <li><a href="#configure_perl_on_os_390">Configure Perl on OS/390</a></li>
31 <li><a href="#build__test__install_perl_on_os_390">Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390</a></li>
32 <li><a href="#build_anomalies_with_perl_on_os_390">Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390</a></li>
33 <li><a href="#testing_anomalies_with_perl_on_os_390">Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390</a></li>
34 <li><a href="#installation_anomalies_with_perl_on_os_390">Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390</a></li>
35 <li><a href="#usage_hints_for_perl_on_os_390">Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390</a></li>
36 <li><a href="#floating_point_anomalies_with_perl_on_os_390">Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390</a></li>
37 <li><a href="#modules_and_extensions_for_perl_on_os_390">Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390</a></li>
38 </ul>
40 <li><a href="#authors">AUTHORS</a></li>
41 <li><a href="#see_also">SEE ALSO</a></li>
42 <ul>
44 <li><a href="#mailing_list_for_perl_on_os_390">Mailing list for Perl on OS/390</a></li>
45 </ul>
47 <li><a href="#history">HISTORY</a></li>
48 </ul>
49 <!-- INDEX END -->
51 <hr />
52 <p>
53 </p>
54 <h1><a name="name">NAME</a></h1>
55 <p>README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS</p>
56 <p>
57 </p>
58 <hr />
59 <h1><a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
60 <p>This document will help you Configure, build, test and install Perl
61 on OS/390 (aka z/OS) Unix System Services.</p>
62 <p>
63 </p>
64 <hr />
65 <h1><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
66 <p>This is a fully ported Perl for OS/390 Version 2 Release 3, 5, 6, 7,
67 8, and 9. It may work on other versions or releases, but those are
68 the ones we've tested it on.</p>
69 <p>You may need to carry out some system configuration tasks before
70 running the Configure script for Perl.</p>
71 <p>
72 </p>
73 <h2><a name="tools">Tools</a></h2>
74 <p>The z/OS Unix Tools and Toys list may prove helpful and contains links
75 to ports of much of the software helpful for building Perl.
76 <a href="http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html">http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html</a></p>
77 <p>
78 </p>
79 <h2><a name="unpacking_perl_distribution_on_os_390">Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390</a></h2>
80 <p>If using ftp remember to transfer the distribution in binary format.</p>
81 <p>Gunzip/gzip for OS/390 is discussed at:</p>
82 <pre>
83 <a href="http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/faq/bpxqp1.html">http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/faq/bpxqp1.html</a></pre>
84 <p>to extract an ASCII tar archive on OS/390, try this:</p>
85 <pre>
86 pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r &lt; latest.tar</pre>
87 <p>or</p>
88 <pre>
89 zcat latest.tar.Z | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r</pre>
90 <p>If you get lots of errors of the form</p>
91 <pre>
92 tar: FSUM7171 ...: cannot set uid/gid: EDC5139I Operation not permitted.</pre>
93 <p>you didn't read the above and tried to use tar instead of pax, you'll
94 first have to remove the (now corrupt) perl directory</p>
95 <pre>
96 rm -rf perl-...</pre>
97 <p>and then use pax.</p>
98 <p>
99 </p>
100 <h2><a name="setup_and_utilities_for_perl_on_os_390">Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390</a></h2>
101 <p>Be sure that your yacc installation is in place including any necessary
102 parser template files. If you have not already done so then be sure to:</p>
103 <pre>
104 cp /samples/yyparse.c /etc</pre>
105 <p>This may also be a good time to ensure that your /etc/protocol file
106 and either your /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/hosts files are in place.
107 The IBM document that described such USS system setup issues was
108 SC28-1890-07 ``OS/390 UNIX System Services Planning'', in particular
109 Chapter 6 on customizing the OE shell.</p>
110 <p>GNU make for OS/390, which is recommended for the build of perl (as
111 well as building CPAN modules and extensions), is available from the
112 <a href="#tools">Tools</a>.</p>
113 <p>Some people have reported encountering ``Out of memory!'' errors while
114 trying to build Perl using GNU make binaries. If you encounter such
115 trouble then try to download the source code kit and build GNU make
116 from source to eliminate any such trouble. You might also find GNU make
117 (as well as Perl and Apache) in the red-piece/book ``Open Source Software
118 for OS/390 UNIX'', SG24-5944-00 from IBM.</p>
119 <p>If instead of the recommended GNU make you would like to use the system
120 supplied make program then be sure to install the default rules file
121 properly via the shell command:</p>
122 <pre>
123 cp /samples/startup.mk /etc</pre>
124 <p>and be sure to also set the environment variable _C89_CCMODE=1 (exporting
125 _C89_CCMODE=1 is also a good idea for users of GNU make).</p>
126 <p>You might also want to have GNU groff for OS/390 installed before
127 running the ``make install'' step for Perl.</p>
128 <p>There is a syntax error in the /usr/include/sys/socket.h header file
129 that IBM supplies with USS V2R7, V2R8, and possibly V2R9. The problem with
130 the header file is that near the definition of the SO_REUSEPORT constant
131 there is a spurious extra '/' character outside of a comment like so:</p>
132 <pre>
133 #define SO_REUSEPORT 0x0200 /* allow local address &amp; port
134 reuse */ /</pre>
135 <p>You could edit that header yourself to remove that last '/', or you might
136 note that Language Environment (LE) APAR PQ39997 describes the problem
137 and PTF's UQ46272 and UQ46271 are the (R8 at least) fixes and apply them.
138 If left unattended that syntax error will turn up as an inability for Perl
139 to build its ``Socket'' extension.</p>
140 <p>For successful testing you may need to turn on the sticky bit for your
141 world readable /tmp directory if you have not already done so (see man chmod).</p>
143 </p>
144 <h2><a name="configure_perl_on_os_390">Configure Perl on OS/390</a></h2>
145 <p>Once you've unpacked the distribution, run ``sh Configure'' (see INSTALL
146 for a full discussion of the Configure options). There is a ``hints'' file
147 for os390 that specifies the correct values for most things. Some things
148 to watch out for include:</p>
149 <ul>
150 <li>
151 <p>A message of the form:</p>
152 <pre>
153 (I see you are using the Korn shell. Some ksh's blow up on Configure,
154 mainly on older exotic systems. If yours does, try the Bourne shell instead.)</pre>
155 <p>is nothing to worry about at all.</p>
156 </li>
157 <li>
158 <p>Some of the parser default template files in /samples are needed in /etc.
159 In particular be sure that you at least copy /samples/yyparse.c to /etc
160 before running Perl's Configure. This step ensures successful extraction
161 of EBCDIC versions of parser files such as perly.c, perly.h, and x2p/a2p.c.
162 This has to be done before running Configure the first time. If you failed
163 to do so then the easiest way to re-Configure Perl is to delete your
164 misconfigured build root and re-extract the source from the tar ball.
165 Then you must ensure that /etc/yyparse.c is properly in place before
166 attempting to re-run Configure.</p>
167 </li>
168 <li>
169 <p>This port will support dynamic loading, but it is not selected by
170 default. If you would like to experiment with dynamic loading then
171 be sure to specify -Dusedl in the arguments to the Configure script.
172 See the comments in hints/os390.sh for more information on dynamic loading.
173 If you build with dynamic loading then you will need to add the
174 $archlibexp/CORE directory to your LIBPATH environment variable in order
175 for perl to work. See the config.sh file for the value of $archlibexp.
176 If in trying to use Perl you see an error message similar to:</p>
177 <pre>
178 CEE3501S The module libperl.dll was not found.
179 From entry point __dllstaticinit at compile unit offset +00000194 at</pre>
180 <p>then your LIBPATH does not have the location of libperl.x and either
181 libperl.dll or libperl.so in it. Add that directory to your LIBPATH and
182 proceed.</p>
183 </li>
184 <li>
185 <p>Do not turn on the compiler optimization flag ``-O''. There is
186 a bug in either the optimizer or perl that causes perl to
187 not work correctly when the optimizer is on.</p>
188 </li>
189 <li>
190 <p>Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the
191 networking APIs are either missing or have the wrong
192 names. In particular, make sure that there's either
193 an /etc/resolv.conf or an /etc/hosts, so that
194 <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlfunc.html#item_gethostbyname"><code>gethostbyname()</code></a> works, and make sure that the file
195 /etc/proto has been renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT
196 /etc/protocols, as used by other Unix systems).
197 You may have to look for things like HOSTNAME and DOMAINORIGIN
198 in the ``//'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)''' PDS member in order to
199 properly set up your /etc networking files.</p>
200 </li>
201 </ul>
203 </p>
204 <h2><a name="build__test__install_perl_on_os_390">Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390</a></h2>
205 <p>Simply put:</p>
206 <pre>
207 sh Configure
208 make
209 make test</pre>
210 <p>if everything looks ok (see the next section for test/IVP diagnosis) then:</p>
211 <pre>
212 make install</pre>
213 <p>this last step may or may not require UID=0 privileges depending
214 on how you answered the questions that Configure asked and whether
215 or not you have write access to the directories you specified.</p>
217 </p>
218 <h2><a name="build_anomalies_with_perl_on_os_390">Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390</a></h2>
219 <p>``Out of memory!'' messages during the build of Perl are most often fixed
220 by re building the GNU make utility for OS/390 from a source code kit.</p>
221 <p>Another memory limiting item to check is your MAXASSIZE parameter in your
222 'SYS1.PARMLIB(BPXPRMxx)' data set (note too that as of V2R8 address space
223 limits can be set on a per user ID basis in the USS segment of a RACF
224 profile). People have reported successful builds of Perl with MAXASSIZE
225 parameters as small as 503316480 (and it may be possible to build Perl
226 with a MAXASSIZE smaller than that).</p>
227 <p>Within USS your /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile may limit your ulimit
228 settings. Check that the following command returns reasonable values:</p>
229 <pre>
230 ulimit -a</pre>
231 <p>To conserve memory you should have your compiler modules loaded into the
232 Link Pack Area (LPA/ELPA) rather than in a link list or step lib.</p>
233 <p>If the c89 compiler complains of syntax errors during the build of the
234 Socket extension then be sure to fix the syntax error in the system
235 header /usr/include/sys/socket.h.</p>
237 </p>
238 <h2><a name="testing_anomalies_with_perl_on_os_390">Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390</a></h2>
239 <p>The ``make test'' step runs a Perl Verification Procedure, usually before
240 installation. You might encounter STDERR messages even during a successful
241 run of ``make test''. Here is a guide to some of the more commonly seen
242 anomalies:</p>
243 <ul>
244 <li>
245 <p>A message of the form:</p>
246 <pre>
247 comp/cpp.............ERROR CBC3191 ./.301989890.c:1 The character $ is not a
248 valid C source character.
249 FSUM3065 The COMPILE step ended with return code 12.
250 FSUM3017 Could not compile .301989890.c. Correct the errors and try again.
251 ok</pre>
252 <p>indicates that the t/comp/cpp.t test of Perl's -P command line switch has
253 passed but that the particular invocation of c89 -E in the cpp script does
254 not suppress the C compiler check of source code validity.</p>
255 </li>
256 <li>
257 <p>A message of the form:</p>
258 <pre>
259 io/openpid...........CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
260 CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
261 CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
262 ok</pre>
263 <p>indicates that the t/io/openpid.t test of Perl has passed but done so
264 with extraneous messages on stderr from CEE.</p>
265 </li>
266 <li>
267 <p>A message of the form:</p>
268 <pre>
269 lib/ftmp-security....File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe
270 (sticky bit not set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100
271 File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe (sticky bit not
272 set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100
273 ok</pre>
274 <p>indicates a problem with the permissions on your /tmp directory within the HFS.
275 To correct that problem issue the command:</p>
276 <pre>
277 chmod a+t /tmp</pre>
278 <p>from an account with write access to the directory entry for /tmp.</p>
279 </li>
280 <li>
281 <p>Out of Memory!</p>
282 <p>Recent perl test suite is quite memory hunrgy. In addition to the comments
283 above on memory limitations it is also worth checking for _CEE_RUNOPTS
284 in your environment. Perl now has (in miniperlmain.c) a C #pragma
285 to set CEE run options, but the environment variable wins.</p>
286 <p>The C code asks for:</p>
287 <pre>
288 #pragma runopts(HEAP(2M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) STACK(,,ANY,) ALL31(ON))</pre>
289 <p>The important parts of that are the second argument (the increment) to HEAP,
290 and allowing the stack to be ``Above the (16M) line''. If the heap
291 increment is too small then when perl (for example loading unicode/Name.pl) tries
292 to create a ``big'' (400K+) string it cannot fit in a single segment
293 and you get ``Out of Memory!'' - even if there is still plenty of memory
294 available.</p>
295 <p>A related issue is use with perl's malloc. Perl's malloc uses <code>sbrk()</code>
296 to get memory, and <code>sbrk()</code> is limited to the first allocation so in this
297 case something like:</p>
298 <pre>
299 HEAP(8M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K)</pre>
300 <p>is needed to get through the test suite.</p>
301 </li>
302 </ul>
304 </p>
305 <h2><a name="installation_anomalies_with_perl_on_os_390">Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390</a></h2>
306 <p>The installman script will try to run on OS/390. There will be fewer errors
307 if you have a roff utility installed. You can obtain GNU groff from the
308 Redbook SG24-5944-00 ftp site.</p>
310 </p>
311 <h2><a name="usage_hints_for_perl_on_os_390">Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390</a></h2>
312 <p>When using perl on OS/390 please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII
313 character sets are different. See perlebcdic.pod for more on such character
314 set issues. Perl builtin functions that may behave differently under
315 EBCDIC are also mentioned in the perlport.pod document.</p>
316 <p>Open Edition (UNIX System Services) from V2R8 onward does support
317 #!/path/to/perl script invocation. There is a PTF available from
318 IBM for V2R7 that will allow shell/kernel support for #!. USS
319 releases prior to V2R7 did not support the #! means of script invocation.
320 If you are running V2R6 or earlier then see:</p>
321 <pre>
322 head `whence <a href="//C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perldoc.html">perldoc</a>`</pre>
323 <p>for an example of how to use the ``eval exec'' trick to ask the shell to
324 have Perl run your scripts on those older releases of Unix System Services.</p>
325 <p>If you are having trouble with square brackets then consider switching your
326 rlogin or telnet client. Try to avoid older 3270 emulators and ISHELL for
327 working with Perl on USS.</p>
329 </p>
330 <h2><a name="floating_point_anomalies_with_perl_on_os_390">Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390</a></h2>
331 <p>There appears to be a bug in the floating point implementation on S/390
332 systems such that calling <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlfunc.html#item_int"><code>int()</code></a> on the product of a number and a small
333 magnitude number is not the same as calling <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlfunc.html#item_int"><code>int()</code></a> on the quotient of
334 that number and a large magnitude number. For example, in the following
335 Perl code:</p>
336 <pre>
337 my $x = 100000.0;
338 my $y = int($x * 1e-5) * 1e5; # '0'
339 my $z = int($x / 1e+5) * 1e5; # '100000'
340 print &quot;\$y is $y and \$z is $z\n&quot;; # $y is 0 and $z is 100000</pre>
341 <p>Although one would expect the quantities $y and $z to be the same and equal
342 to 100000 they will differ and instead will be 0 and 100000 respectively.</p>
343 <p>The problem can be further examined in a roughly equivalent C program:</p>
344 <pre>
345 #include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
346 #include &lt;math.h&gt;
347 main()
349 double r1,r2;
350 double x = 100000.0;
351 double y = 0.0;
352 double z = 0.0;
353 x = 100000.0 * 1e-5;
354 r1 = modf (x,&amp;y);
355 x = 100000.0 / 1e+5;
356 r2 = modf (x,&amp;z);
357 printf(&quot;y is %e and z is %e\n&quot;,y*1e5,z*1e5);
358 /* y is 0.000000e+00 and z is 1.000000e+05 (with c89) */
359 }</pre>
361 </p>
362 <h2><a name="modules_and_extensions_for_perl_on_os_390">Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390</a></h2>
363 <p>Pure pure (that is non xs) modules may be installed via the usual:</p>
364 <pre>
365 perl Makefile.PL
366 make
367 make test
368 make install</pre>
369 <p>If you built perl with dynamic loading capability then that would also
370 be the way to build xs based extensions. However, if you built perl with
371 the default static linking you can still build xs based extensions for OS/390
372 but you will need to follow the instructions in ExtUtils::MakeMaker for
373 building statically linked perl binaries. In the simplest configurations
374 building a static perl + xs extension boils down to:</p>
375 <pre>
376 perl Makefile.PL
377 make
378 make perl
379 make test
380 make install
381 make -f Makefile.aperl inst_perl MAP_TARGET=perl</pre>
382 <p>In most cases people have reported better results with GNU make rather
383 than the system's /bin/make program, whether for plain modules or for
384 xs based extensions.</p>
385 <p>If the make process encounters trouble with either compilation or
386 linking then try setting the _C89_CCMODE to 1. Assuming sh is your
387 login shell then run:</p>
388 <pre>
389 export _C89_CCMODE=1</pre>
390 <p>If tcsh is your login shell then use the setenv command.</p>
392 </p>
393 <hr />
394 <h1><a name="authors">AUTHORS</a></h1>
395 <p>David Fiander and Peter Prymmer with thanks to Dennis Longnecker
396 and William Raffloer for valuable reports, LPAR and PTF feedback.
397 Thanks to Mike MacIsaac and Egon Terwedow for SG24-5944-00.
398 Thanks to Ignasi Roca for pointing out the floating point problems.
399 Thanks to John Goodyear for dynamic loading help.</p>
401 </p>
402 <hr />
403 <h1><a name="see_also">SEE ALSO</a></h1>
404 <p><em>INSTALL</em>, <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlport.html">the perlport manpage</a>, <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlebcdic.html">the perlebcdic manpage</a>, <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/lib/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.html">the ExtUtils::MakeMaker manpage</a>.</p>
405 <pre>
406 <a href="http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html">http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html</a></pre>
407 <pre>
408 <a href="http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg245944.html">http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg245944.html</a></pre>
409 <pre>
410 <a href="http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc">http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc</a></pre>
411 <pre>
412 <a href="http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/">http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/</a></pre>
413 <pre>
414 <a href="http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/ceea3030/">http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/ceea3030/</a></pre>
415 <pre>
416 <a href="http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/CBCUG030/">http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/CBCUG030/</a></pre>
418 </p>
419 <h2><a name="mailing_list_for_perl_on_os_390">Mailing list for Perl on OS/390</a></h2>
420 <p>If you are interested in the VM/ESA, z/OS (formerly known as OS/390)
421 and POSIX-BC (BS2000) ports of Perl then see the perl-mvs mailing list.
422 To subscribe, send an empty message to <a href="mailto:perl-mvs-subscribe@perl.org.">perl-mvs-subscribe@perl.org.</a></p>
423 <p>See also:</p>
424 <pre>
425 <a href="http://lists.perl.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-mvs">http://lists.perl.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-mvs</a></pre>
426 <p>There are web archives of the mailing list at:</p>
427 <pre>
428 <a href="http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/">http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/</a>
429 <a href="http://archive.develooper.com/perl-mvs@perl.org/">http://archive.develooper.com/perl-mvs@perl.org/</a></pre>
431 </p>
432 <hr />
433 <h1><a name="history">HISTORY</a></h1>
434 <p>This document was originally written by David Fiander for the 5.005
435 release of Perl.</p>
436 <p>This document was podified for the 5.005_03 release of Perl 11 March 1999.</p>
437 <p>Updated 28 November 2001 for broken URLs.</p>
438 <p>Updated 12 November 2000 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl.</p>
439 <p>Updated 15 January 2001 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl.</p>
440 <p>Updated 24 January 2001 to mention dynamic loading.</p>
441 <p>Updated 12 March 2001 to mention //'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'.</p>
442 <table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3">
443 <tr><td class="block" style="background-color: #cccccc" valign="middle">
444 <big><strong><span class="block">&nbsp;README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS</span></strong></big>
445 </td></tr>
446 </table>
448 </body>
450 </html>