mingw/html/pod/perlmodlib.html

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  13 <big><strong><span class="block">&nbsp;perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones</span></strong></big>
  14 </td></tr>
  15 </table>
  16
  17 <p><a name="__index__"></a></p>
  18 <!-- INDEX BEGIN -->
  19
  20 <ul>
  21
  22         <li><a href="#name">NAME</a></li>
  23         <li><a href="#the_perl_module_library">THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY</a></li>
  24         <ul>
  25
  26                 <li><a href="#pragmatic_modules">Pragmatic Modules</a></li>
  27                 <li><a href="#standard_modules">Standard Modules</a></li>
  28                 <li><a href="#extension_modules">Extension Modules</a></li>
  29         </ul>
  30
  31         <li><a href="#cpan">CPAN</a></li>
  32         <ul>
  33
  34                 <li><a href="#africa">Africa</a></li>
  35                 <li><a href="#asia">Asia</a></li>
  36                 <li><a href="#central_america">Central America</a></li>
  37                 <li><a href="#europe">Europe</a></li>
  38                 <li><a href="#north_america">North America</a></li>
  39                 <li><a href="#oceania">Oceania</a></li>
  40                 <li><a href="#south_america">South America</a></li>
  41                 <li><a href="#rsync_mirrors">RSYNC Mirrors</a></li>
  42         </ul>
  43
  44         <li><a href="#modules__creation__use__and_abuse">Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse</a></li>
  45         <ul>
  46
  47                 <li><a href="#guidelines_for_module_creation">Guidelines for Module Creation</a></li>
  48                 <li><a href="#guidelines_for_converting_perl_4_library_scripts_into_modules">Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules</a></li>
  49                 <li><a href="#guidelines_for_reusing_application_code">Guidelines for Reusing Application Code</a></li>
  50         </ul>
  51
  52         <li><a href="#note">NOTE</a></li>
  53 </ul>
  54 <!-- INDEX END -->
  55
  56 <hr />
  57 <p>
  58 </p>
  59 <hr />
  60 <h1><a name="name">NAME</a></h1>
  61 <p>perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones</p>
  62 <p>
  63 </p>
  64 <hr />
  65 <h1><a name="the_perl_module_library">THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY</a></h1>
  66 <p>Many modules are included in the Perl distribution.  These are described
  67 below, and all end in <em>.pm</em>.  You may discover compiled library
  68 files (usually ending in <em>.so</em>) or small pieces of modules to be
  69 autoloaded (ending in <em>.al</em>); these were automatically generated
  70 by the installation process.  You may also discover files in the
  71 library directory that end in either <em>.pl</em> or <em>.ph</em>.  These are
  72 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
  73 run.  The <em>.pl</em> files will all eventually be converted into standard
  74 modules, and the <em>.ph</em> files made by <strong>h2ph</strong> will probably end up
  75 as extension modules made by <strong>h2xs</strong>.  (Some <em>.ph</em> values may
  76 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
  77 The <strong>pl2pm</strong> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
  78 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.</p>
  79 <p>
  80 </p>
  81 <h2><a name="pragmatic_modules">Pragmatic Modules</a></h2>
  82 <p>They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
  83 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
  84 work well only when used within a <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlfunc.html#item_use"><code>use</code></a>, or <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlfunc.html#item_no"><code>no</code></a>.  Most of these
  85 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
  86 by saying:</p>
  87 <pre>
  88     no integer;
  89     no strict 'refs';
  90     no warnings;</pre>
  91 <p>which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.</p>
  92 <p>Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
  93 <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlvar.html#item___h"><code>$^H</code></a> hints variable.  Others affect the current package instead,
  94 like <code>use vars</code> and <code>use subs</code>, which allow you to predeclare a
  95 variables or subroutines within a particular <em>file</em> rather than
  96 just a block.  Such declarations are effective for the entire file
  97 for which they were declared.  You cannot rescind them with <code>no
  98 vars</code> or <code>no subs</code>.</p>
  99 <p>The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).</p>
 100 <dl>
 101 <dt><strong><a name="item_attributes">attributes</a></strong>
 102
 103 <dd>
 104 <p>Get/set subroutine or variable attributes</p>
 105 </dd>
 106 </li>
 107 <dt><strong><a name="item_attrs">attrs</a></strong>
 108
 109 <dd>
 110 <p>Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)</p>
 111 </dd>
 112 </li>
 113 <dt><strong><a name="item_autouse">autouse</a></strong>
 114
 115 <dd>
 116 <p>Postpone load of modules until a function is used</p>
 117 </dd>
 118 </li>
 119 <dt><strong><a name="item_base">base</a></strong>
 120
 121 <dd>
 122 <p>Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time</p>
 123 </dd>
 124 </li>
 125 <dt><strong><a name="item_bigint">bigint</a></strong>
 126
 127 <dd>
 128 <p>Transparent BigInteger support for Perl</p>
 129 </dd>
 130 </li>
 131 <dt><strong><a name="item_bignum">bignum</a></strong>
 132
 133 <dd>
 134 <p>Transparent BigNumber support for Perl</p>
 135 </dd>
 136 </li>
 137 <dt><strong><a name="item_bigrat">bigrat</a></strong>
 138
 139 <dd>
 140 <p>Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl</p>
 141 </dd>
 142 </li>
 143 <dt><strong><a name="item_blib">blib</a></strong>
 144
 145 <dd>
 146 <p>Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package</p>
 147 </dd>
 148 </li>
 149 <dt><strong><a name="item_bytes">bytes</a></strong>
 150
 151 <dd>
 152 <p>Force byte semantics rather than character semantics</p>
 153 </dd>
 154 </li>
 155 <dt><strong><a name="item_charnames">charnames</a></strong>
 156
 157 <dd>
 158 <p>Define character names for <code>\N{named}</code> string literal escapes</p>
 159 </dd>
 160 </li>
 161 <dt><strong><a name="item_constant">constant</a></strong>
 162
 163 <dd>
 164 <p>Declare constants</p>
 165 </dd>
 166 </li>
 167 <dt><strong><a name="item_diagnostics">diagnostics</a></strong>
 168
 169 <dd>
 170 <p>Produce verbose warning diagnostics</p>
 171 </dd>
 172 </li>
 173 <dt><strong><a name="item_encoding">encoding</a></strong>
 174
 175 <dd>
 176 <p>Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8</p>
 177 </dd>
 178 </li>
 179 <dt><strong><a name="item_fields">fields</a></strong>
 180
 181 <dd>
 182 <p>Compile-time class fields</p>
 183 </dd>
 184 </li>
 185 <dt><strong><a name="item_filetest">filetest</a></strong>
 186
 187 <dd>
 188 <p>Control the filetest permission operators</p>
 189 </dd>
 190 </li>
 191 <dt><strong><a name="item_if">if</a></strong>
 192
 193 <dd>
 194 <p><a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlfunc.html#item_use"><code>use</code></a> a Perl module if a condition holds</p>
 195 </dd>
 196 </li>
 197 <dt><strong><a name="item_integer">integer</a></strong>
 198
 199 <dd>
 200 <p>Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point</p>
 201 </dd>
 202 </li>
 203 <dt><strong><a name="item_less">less</a></strong>
 204
 205 <dd>
 206 <p>Request less of something from the compiler</p>
 207 </dd>
 208 </li>
 209 <dt><strong><a name="item_lib">lib</a></strong>
 210
 211 <dd>
 212 <p>Manipulate @INC at compile time</p>
 213 </dd>
 214 </li>
 215 <dt><strong><a name="item_locale">locale</a></strong>
 216
 217 <dd>
 218 <p>Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations</p>
 219 </dd>
 220 </li>
 221 <dt><strong><a name="item_open">open</a></strong>
 222
 223 <dd>
 224 <p>Set default PerlIO layers for input and output</p>
 225 </dd>
 226 </li>
 227 <dt><strong><a name="item_ops">ops</a></strong>
 228
 229 <dd>
 230 <p>Restrict unsafe operations when compiling</p>
 231 </dd>
 232 </li>
 233 <dt><strong><a name="item_overload">overload</a></strong>
 234
 235 <dd>
 236 <p>Package for overloading Perl operations</p>
 237 </dd>
 238 </li>
 239 <dt><strong><a name="item_re">re</a></strong>
 240
 241 <dd>
 242 <p>Alter regular expression behaviour</p>
 243 </dd>
 244 </li>
 245 <dt><strong><a name="item_sigtrap">sigtrap</a></strong>
 246
 247 <dd>
 248 <p>Enable simple signal handling</p>
 249 </dd>
 250 </li>
 251 <dt><strong><a name="item_sort">sort</a></strong>
 252
 253 <dd>
 254 <p>Control <a href="#item_sort"><code>sort()</code></a> behaviour</p>
 255 </dd>
 256 </li>
 257 <dt><strong><a name="item_strict">strict</a></strong>
 258
 259 <dd>
 260 <p>Restrict unsafe constructs</p>
 261 </dd>
 262 </li>
 263 <dt><strong><a name="item_subs">subs</a></strong>
 264
 265 <dd>
 266 <p>Predeclare sub names</p>
 267 </dd>
 268 </li>
 269 <dt><strong><a name="item_threads">threads</a></strong>
 270
 271 <dd>
 272 <p>Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl</p>
 273 </dd>
 274 </li>
 275 <dt><strong><a name="item_threads_3a_3ashared">threads::shared</a></strong>
 276
 277 <dd>
 278 <p>Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads</p>
 279 </dd>
 280 </li>
 281 <dt><strong><a name="item_utf8">utf8</a></strong>
 282
 283 <dd>
 284 <p>Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code</p>
 285 </dd>
 286 </li>
 287 <dt><strong><a name="item_vars">vars</a></strong>
 288
 289 <dd>
 290 <p>Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)</p>
 291 </dd>
 292 </li>
 293 <dt><strong><a name="item_vmsish">vmsish</a></strong>
 294
 295 <dd>
 296 <p>Control VMS-specific language features</p>
 297 </dd>
 298 </li>
 299 <dt><strong><a name="item_warnings">warnings</a></strong>
 300
 301 <dd>
 302 <p>Control optional warnings</p>
 303 </dd>
 304 </li>
 305 <dt><strong><a name="item_warnings_3a_3aregister">warnings::register</a></strong>
 306
 307 <dd>
 308 <p>Warnings import function</p>
 309 </dd>
 310 </li>
 311 </dl>
 312 <p>
 313 </p>
 314 <h2><a name="standard_modules">Standard Modules</a></h2>
 315 <p>Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
 316 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
 317 Exporter module.  See their own documentation for details.</p>
 318 <p>It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
 319 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
 320 don't have the gdbm library.</p>
 321 <dl>
 322 <dt><strong><a name="item_anydbm_file">AnyDBM_File</a></strong>
 323
 324 <dd>
 325 <p>Provide framework for multiple DBMs</p>
 326 </dd>
 327 </li>
 328 <dt><strong><a name="item_attribute_3a_3ahandlers">Attribute::Handlers</a></strong>
 329
 330 <dd>
 331 <p>Simpler definition of attribute handlers</p>
 332 </dd>
 333 </li>
 334 <dt><strong><a name="item_autoloader">AutoLoader</a></strong>
 335
 336 <dd>
 337 <p>Load subroutines only on demand</p>
 338 </dd>
 339 </li>
 340 <dt><strong><a name="item_autosplit">AutoSplit</a></strong>
 341
 342 <dd>
 343 <p>Split a package for autoloading</p>
 344 </dd>
 345 </li>
 346 <dt><strong><a name="item_b">B</a></strong>
 347
 348 <dd>
 349 <p>The Perl Compiler</p>
 350 </dd>
 351 </li>
 352 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3aasmdata">B::Asmdata</a></strong>
 353
 354 <dd>
 355 <p>Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode</p>
 356 </dd>
 357 </li>
 358 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3aassembler">B::Assembler</a></strong>
 359
 360 <dd>
 361 <p>Assemble Perl bytecode</p>
 362 </dd>
 363 </li>
 364 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3abblock">B::Bblock</a></strong>
 365
 366 <dd>
 367 <p>Walk basic blocks</p>
 368 </dd>
 369 </li>
 370 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3abytecode">B::Bytecode</a></strong>
 371
 372 <dd>
 373 <p>Perl compiler's bytecode backend</p>
 374 </dd>
 375 </li>
 376 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3ac">B::C</a></strong>
 377
 378 <dd>
 379 <p>Perl compiler's C backend</p>
 380 </dd>
 381 </li>
 382 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3acc">B::CC</a></strong>
 383
 384 <dd>
 385 <p>Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend</p>
 386 </dd>
 387 </li>
 388 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3aconcise">B::Concise</a></strong>
 389
 390 <dd>
 391 <p>Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops</p>
 392 </dd>
 393 </li>
 394 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3adebug">B::Debug</a></strong>
 395
 396 <dd>
 397 <p>Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops</p>
 398 </dd>
 399 </li>
 400 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3adeparse">B::Deparse</a></strong>
 401
 402 <dd>
 403 <p>Perl compiler backend to produce perl code</p>
 404 </dd>
 405 </li>
 406 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3adisassembler">B::Disassembler</a></strong>
 407
 408 <dd>
 409 <p>Disassemble Perl bytecode</p>
 410 </dd>
 411 </li>
 412 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3alint">B::Lint</a></strong>
 413
 414 <dd>
 415 <p>Perl lint</p>
 416 </dd>
 417 </li>
 418 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3ashowlex">B::Showlex</a></strong>
 419
 420 <dd>
 421 <p>Show lexical variables used in functions or files</p>
 422 </dd>
 423 </li>
 424 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3astackobj">B::Stackobj</a></strong>
 425
 426 <dd>
 427 <p>Helper module for CC backend</p>
 428 </dd>
 429 </li>
 430 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3astash">B::Stash</a></strong>
 431
 432 <dd>
 433 <p>Show what stashes are loaded</p>
 434 </dd>
 435 </li>
 436 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3aterse">B::Terse</a></strong>
 437
 438 <dd>
 439 <p>Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops</p>
 440 </dd>
 441 </li>
 442 <dt><strong><a name="item_b_3a_3axref">B::Xref</a></strong>
 443
 444 <dd>
 445 <p>Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs</p>
 446 </dd>
 447 </li>
 448 <dt><strong><a name="item_benchmark">Benchmark</a></strong>
 449
 450 <dd>
 451 <p>Benchmark running times of Perl code</p>
 452 </dd>
 453 </li>
 454 <dt><strong><a name="item_byteloader">ByteLoader</a></strong>
 455
 456 <dd>
 457 <p>Load byte compiled perl code</p>
 458 </dd>
 459 </li>
 460 <dt><strong><a name="item_cgi">CGI</a></strong>
 461
 462 <dd>
 463 <p>Simple Common Gateway Interface Class</p>
 464 </dd>
 465 </li>
 466 <dt><strong><a name="item_cgi_3a_3aapache">CGI::Apache</a></strong>
 467
 468 <dd>
 469 <p>Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm</p>
 470 </dd>
 471 </li>
 472 <dt><strong><a name="item_cgi_3a_3acarp">CGI::Carp</a></strong>
 473
 474 <dd>
 475 <p>CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log</p>
 476 </dd>
 477 </li>
 478 <dt><strong><a name="item_cgi_3a_3acookie">CGI::Cookie</a></strong>
 479
 480 <dd>
 481 <p>Interface to Netscape Cookies</p>
 482 </dd>
 483 </li>
 484 <dt><strong><a name="item_cgi_3a_3afast">CGI::Fast</a></strong>
 485
 486 <dd>
 487 <p>CGI Interface for Fast CGI</p>
 488 </dd>
 489 </li>
 490 <dt><strong><a name="item_cgi_3a_3apretty">CGI::Pretty</a></strong>
 491
 492 <dd>
 493 <p>Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code</p>
 494 </dd>
 495 </li>
 496 <dt><strong><a name="item_cgi_3a_3apush">CGI::Push</a></strong>
 497
 498 <dd>
 499 <p>Simple Interface to Server Push</p>
 500 </dd>
 501 </li>
 502 <dt><strong><a name="item_cgi_3a_3aswitch">CGI::Switch</a></strong>
 503
 504 <dd>
 505 <p>Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch</p>
 506 </dd>
 507 </li>
 508 <dt><strong><a name="item_cgi_3a_3autil">CGI::Util</a></strong>
 509
 510 <dd>
 511 <p>Internal utilities used by CGI module</p>
 512 </dd>
 513 </li>
 514 <dt><strong><a name="item_cpan">CPAN</a></strong>
 515
 516 <dd>
 517 <p>Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites</p>
 518 </dd>
 519 </li>
 520 <dt><strong><a name="item_cpan_3a_3afirsttime">CPAN::FirstTime</a></strong>
 521
 522 <dd>
 523 <p>Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization</p>
 524 </dd>
 525 </li>
 526 <dt><strong><a name="item_cpan_3a_3anox">CPAN::Nox</a></strong>
 527
 528 <dd>
 529 <p>Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module</p>
 530 </dd>
 531 </li>
 532 <dt><strong><a name="item_cpan_3a_3aversion">CPAN::Version</a></strong>
 533
 534 <dd>
 535 <p>Utility functions to compare CPAN versions</p>
 536 </dd>
 537 </li>
 538 <dt><strong><a name="item_carp">Carp</a></strong>
 539
 540 <dd>
 541 <p>Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)</p>
 542 </dd>
 543 </li>
 544 <dt><strong><a name="item_carp_3a_3aheavy">Carp::Heavy</a></strong>
 545
 546 <dd>
 547 <p>Heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside</p>
 548 </dd>
 549 </li>
 550 <dt><strong><a name="item_class_3a_3aisa">Class::ISA</a></strong>
 551
 552 <dd>
 553 <p>Report the search path for a class's ISA tree</p>
 554 </dd>
 555 </li>
 556 <dt><strong><a name="item_class_3a_3astruct">Class::Struct</a></strong>
 557
 558 <dd>
 559 <p>Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes</p>
 560 </dd>
 561 </li>
 562 <dt><strong><a name="item_config">Config</a></strong>
 563
 564 <dd>
 565 <p>Access Perl configuration information</p>
 566 </dd>
 567 </li>
 568 <dt><strong><a name="item_cwd">Cwd</a></strong>
 569
 570 <dd>
 571 <p>Get pathname of current working directory</p>
 572 </dd>
 573 </li>
 574 <dt><strong><a name="item_db">DB</a></strong>
 575
 576 <dd>
 577 <p>Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to</p>
 578 </dd>
 579 </li>
 580 <dt><strong><a name="item_dbm_filter">DBM_Filter</a></strong>
 581
 582 <dd>
 583 <p>Filter DBM keys/values</p>
 584 </dd>
 585 </li>
 586 <dt><strong><a name="item_db_file">DB_File</a></strong>
 587
 588 <dd>
 589 <p>Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x</p>
 590 </dd>
 591 </li>
 592 <dt><strong><a name="item_data_3a_3adumper">Data::Dumper</a></strong>
 593
 594 <dd>
 595 <p>Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlfunc.html#item_eval"><code>eval</code></a></p>
 596 </dd>
 597 </li>
 598 <dt><strong><a name="item_devel_3a_3adprof">Devel::DProf</a></strong>
 599
 600 <dd>
 601 <p>A Perl code profiler</p>
 602 </dd>
 603 </li>
 604 <dt><strong><a name="item_devel_3a_3appport">Devel::PPPort</a></strong>
 605
 606 <dd>
 607 <p>Perl/Pollution/Portability</p>
 608 </dd>
 609 </li>
 610 <dt><strong><a name="item_devel_3a_3apeek">Devel::Peek</a></strong>
 611
 612 <dd>
 613 <p>A data debugging tool for the XS programmer</p>
 614 </dd>
 615 </li>
 616 <dt><strong><a name="item_devel_3a_3aselfstubber">Devel::SelfStubber</a></strong>
 617
 618 <dd>
 619 <p>Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module</p>
 620 </dd>
 621 </li>
 622 <dt><strong><a name="item_digest">Digest</a></strong>
 623
 624 <dd>
 625 <p>Modules that calculate message digests</p>
 626 </dd>
 627 </li>
 628 <dt><strong><a name="item_digest_3a_3amd5">Digest::MD5</a></strong>
 629
 630 <dd>
 631 <p>Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm</p>
 632 </dd>
 633 </li>
 634 <dt><strong><a name="item_digest_3a_3abase">Digest::base</a></strong>
 635
 636 <dd>
 637 <p>Digest base class</p>
 638 </dd>
 639 </li>
 640 <dt><strong><a name="item_digest_3a_3afile">Digest::file</a></strong>
 641
 642 <dd>
 643 <p>Calculate digests of files</p>
 644 </dd>
 645 </li>
 646 <dt><strong><a name="item_dirhandle">DirHandle</a></strong>
 647
 648 <dd>
 649 <p>Supply object methods for directory handles</p>
 650 </dd>
 651 </li>
 652 <dt><strong><a name="item_dumpvalue">Dumpvalue</a></strong>
 653
 654 <dd>
 655 <p>Provides screen dump of Perl data.</p>
 656 </dd>
 657 </li>
 658 <dt><strong><a name="item_dynaloader">DynaLoader</a></strong>
 659
 660 <dd>
 661 <p>Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code</p>
 662 </dd>
 663 </li>
 664 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode">Encode</a></strong>
 665
 666 <dd>
 667 <p>Character encodings</p>
 668 </dd>
 669 </li>
 670 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3aalias">Encode::Alias</a></strong>
 671
 672 <dd>
 673 <p>Alias definitions to encodings</p>
 674 </dd>
 675 </li>
 676 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3abyte">Encode::Byte</a></strong>
 677
 678 <dd>
 679 <p>Single Byte Encodings</p>
 680 </dd>
 681 </li>
 682 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3acjkconstants">Encode::CJKConstants</a></strong>
 683
 684 <dd>
 685 <p>Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*</p>
 686 </dd>
 687 </li>
 688 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3acn">Encode::CN</a></strong>
 689
 690 <dd>
 691 <p>China-based Chinese Encodings</p>
 692 </dd>
 693 </li>
 694 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3acn_3a_3ahz">Encode::CN::HZ</a></strong>
 695
 696 <dd>
 697 <p>Internally used by Encode::CN</p>
 698 </dd>
 699 </li>
 700 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3aconfig">Encode::Config</a></strong>
 701
 702 <dd>
 703 <p>Internally used by Encode</p>
 704 </dd>
 705 </li>
 706 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3aebcdic">Encode::EBCDIC</a></strong>
 707
 708 <dd>
 709 <p>EBCDIC Encodings</p>
 710 </dd>
 711 </li>
 712 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3aencoder">Encode::Encoder</a></strong>
 713
 714 <dd>
 715 <p>Object Oriented Encoder</p>
 716 </dd>
 717 </li>
 718 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3aencoding">Encode::Encoding</a></strong>
 719
 720 <dd>
 721 <p>Encode Implementation Base Class</p>
 722 </dd>
 723 </li>
 724 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3aguess">Encode::Guess</a></strong>
 725
 726 <dd>
 727 <p>Guesses encoding from data</p>
 728 </dd>
 729 </li>
 730 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3ajp">Encode::JP</a></strong>
 731
 732 <dd>
 733 <p>Japanese Encodings</p>
 734 </dd>
 735 </li>
 736 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3ajp_3a_3ah2z">Encode::JP::H2Z</a></strong>
 737
 738 <dd>
 739 <p>Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*</p>
 740 </dd>
 741 </li>
 742 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3ajp_3a_3ajis7">Encode::JP::JIS7</a></strong>
 743
 744 <dd>
 745 <p>Internally used by Encode::JP</p>
 746 </dd>
 747 </li>
 748 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3akr">Encode::KR</a></strong>
 749
 750 <dd>
 751 <p>Korean Encodings</p>
 752 </dd>
 753 </li>
 754 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3akr_3a_3a2022_kr">Encode::KR::2022_KR</a></strong>
 755
 756 <dd>
 757 <p>Internally used by Encode::KR</p>
 758 </dd>
 759 </li>
 760 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3amime_3a_3aheader">Encode::MIME::Header</a></strong>
 761
 762 <dd>
 763 <p>MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding</p>
 764 </dd>
 765 </li>
 766 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3aperlio">Encode::PerlIO</a></strong>
 767
 768 <dd>
 769 <p>A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO</p>
 770 </dd>
 771 </li>
 772 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3asupported">Encode::Supported</a></strong>
 773
 774 <dd>
 775 <p>Encodings supported by Encode</p>
 776 </dd>
 777 </li>
 778 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3asymbol">Encode::Symbol</a></strong>
 779
 780 <dd>
 781 <p>Symbol Encodings</p>
 782 </dd>
 783 </li>
 784 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3atw">Encode::TW</a></strong>
 785
 786 <dd>
 787 <p>Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings</p>
 788 </dd>
 789 </li>
 790 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3aunicode">Encode::Unicode</a></strong>
 791
 792 <dd>
 793 <p>Various Unicode Transformation Formats</p>
 794 </dd>
 795 </li>
 796 <dt><strong><a name="item_encode_3a_3aunicode_3a_3autf7">Encode::Unicode::UTF7</a></strong>
 797
 798 <dd>
 799 <p>UTF-7 encoding</p>
 800 </dd>
 801 </li>
 802 <dt><strong><a name="item_english">English</a></strong>
 803
 804 <dd>
 805 <p>Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables</p>
 806 </dd>
 807 </li>
 808 <dt><strong><a name="item_env">Env</a></strong>
 809
 810 <dd>
 811 <p>Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays</p>
 812 </dd>
 813 </li>
 814 <dt><strong><a name="item_errno">Errno</a></strong>
 815
 816 <dd>
 817 <p>System errno constants</p>
 818 </dd>
 819 </li>
 820 <dt><strong><a name="item_exporter">Exporter</a></strong>
 821
 822 <dd>
 823 <p>Implements default import method for modules</p>
 824 </dd>
 825 </li>
 826 <dt><strong><a name="item_exporter_3a_3aheavy">Exporter::Heavy</a></strong>
 827
 828 <dd>
 829 <p>Exporter guts</p>
 830 </dd>
 831 </li>
 832 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3acommand">ExtUtils::Command</a></strong>
 833
 834 <dd>
 835 <p>Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.</p>
 836 </dd>
 837 </li>
 838 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3acommand_3a_3amm">ExtUtils::Command::MM</a></strong>
 839
 840 <dd>
 841 <p>Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles</p>
 842 </dd>
 843 </li>
 844 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3aconstant">ExtUtils::Constant</a></strong>
 845
 846 <dd>
 847 <p>Generate XS code to import C header constants</p>
 848 </dd>
 849 </li>
 850 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3aconstant_3a_3abase">ExtUtils::Constant::Base</a></strong>
 851
 852 <dd>
 853 <p>Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects</p>
 854 </dd>
 855 </li>
 856 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3aconstant_3a_3autils">ExtUtils::Constant::Utils</a></strong>
 857
 858 <dd>
 859 <p>Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant</p>
 860 </dd>
 861 </li>
 862 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3aconstant_3a_3axs">ExtUtils::Constant::XS</a></strong>
 863
 864 <dd>
 865 <p>Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects</p>
 866 </dd>
 867 </li>
 868 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3aembed">ExtUtils::Embed</a></strong>
 869
 870 <dd>
 871 <p>Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications</p>
 872 </dd>
 873 </li>
 874 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3ainstall">ExtUtils::Install</a></strong>
 875
 876 <dd>
 877 <p>Install files from here to there</p>
 878 </dd>
 879 </li>
 880 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3ainstalled">ExtUtils::Installed</a></strong>
 881
 882 <dd>
 883 <p>Inventory management of installed modules</p>
 884 </dd>
 885 </li>
 886 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3aliblist">ExtUtils::Liblist</a></strong>
 887
 888 <dd>
 889 <p>Determine libraries to use and how to use them</p>
 890 </dd>
 891 </li>
 892 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm">ExtUtils::MM</a></strong>
 893
 894 <dd>
 895 <p>OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass</p>
 896 </dd>
 897 </li>
 898 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm_aix">ExtUtils::MM_AIX</a></strong>
 899
 900 <dd>
 901 <p>AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix</p>
 902 </dd>
 903 </li>
 904 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm_any">ExtUtils::MM_Any</a></strong>
 905
 906 <dd>
 907 <p>Platform-agnostic MM methods</p>
 908 </dd>
 909 </li>
 910 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm_beos">ExtUtils::MM_BeOS</a></strong>
 911
 912 <dd>
 913 <p>Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker</p>
 914 </dd>
 915 </li>
 916 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm_cygwin">ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin</a></strong>
 917
 918 <dd>
 919 <p>Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker</p>
 920 </dd>
 921 </li>
 922 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm_dos">ExtUtils::MM_DOS</a></strong>
 923
 924 <dd>
 925 <p>DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix</p>
 926 </dd>
 927 </li>
 928 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm_macos">ExtUtils::MM_MacOS</a></strong>
 929
 930 <dd>
 931 <p>Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic</p>
 932 </dd>
 933 </li>
 934 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm_nw5">ExtUtils::MM_NW5</a></strong>
 935
 936 <dd>
 937 <p>Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker</p>
 938 </dd>
 939 </li>
 940 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm_os2">ExtUtils::MM_OS2</a></strong>
 941
 942 <dd>
 943 <p>Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker</p>
 944 </dd>
 945 </li>
 946 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm_qnx">ExtUtils::MM_QNX</a></strong>
 947
 948 <dd>
 949 <p>QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix</p>
 950 </dd>
 951 </li>
 952 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm_uwin">ExtUtils::MM_UWIN</a></strong>
 953
 954 <dd>
 955 <p>U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix</p>
 956 </dd>
 957 </li>
 958 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm_unix">ExtUtils::MM_Unix</a></strong>
 959
 960 <dd>
 961 <p>Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker</p>
 962 </dd>
 963 </li>
 964 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm_vms">ExtUtils::MM_VMS</a></strong>
 965
 966 <dd>
 967 <p>Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker</p>
 968 </dd>
 969 </li>
 970 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm_vos">ExtUtils::MM_VOS</a></strong>
 971
 972 <dd>
 973 <p>VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix</p>
 974 </dd>
 975 </li>
 976 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm_win32">ExtUtils::MM_Win32</a></strong>
 977
 978 <dd>
 979 <p>Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker</p>
 980 </dd>
 981 </li>
 982 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amm_win95">ExtUtils::MM_Win95</a></strong>
 983
 984 <dd>
 985 <p>Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X</p>
 986 </dd>
 987 </li>
 988 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amy">ExtUtils::MY</a></strong>
 989
 990 <dd>
 991 <p>ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization</p>
 992 </dd>
 993 </li>
 994 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amakemaker">ExtUtils::MakeMaker</a></strong>
 995
 996 <dd>
 997 <p>Create a module Makefile</p>
 998 </dd>
 999 </li>
1000 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amakemaker_3a_3aconfig">ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config</a></strong>
1001
1002 <dd>
1003 <p>Wrapper around Config.pm</p>
1004 </dd>
1005 </li>
1006 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amakemaker_3a_3afaq">ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ</a></strong>
1007
1008 <dd>
1009 <p>Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker</p>
1010 </dd>
1011 </li>
1012 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amakemaker_3a_3atutorial">ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial</a></strong>
1013
1014 <dd>
1015 <p>Writing a module with MakeMaker</p>
1016 </dd>
1017 </li>
1018 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amakemaker_3a_3abytes">ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes</a></strong>
1019
1020 <dd>
1021 <p>Version-agnostic bytes.pm</p>
1022 </dd>
1023 </li>
1024 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amakemaker_3a_3avmsish">ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish</a></strong>
1025
1026 <dd>
1027 <p>Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm</p>
1028 </dd>
1029 </li>
1030 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amanifest">ExtUtils::Manifest</a></strong>
1031
1032 <dd>
1033 <p>Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file</p>
1034 </dd>
1035 </li>
1036 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amkbootstrap">ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap</a></strong>
1037
1038 <dd>
1039 <p>Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader</p>
1040 </dd>
1041 </li>
1042 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3amksymlists">ExtUtils::Mksymlists</a></strong>
1043
1044 <dd>
1045 <p>Write linker options files for dynamic extension</p>
1046 </dd>
1047 </li>
1048 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3apacklist">ExtUtils::Packlist</a></strong>
1049
1050 <dd>
1051 <p>Manage .packlist files</p>
1052 </dd>
1053 </li>
1054 <dt><strong><a name="item_extutils_3a_3atestlib">ExtUtils::testlib</a></strong>
1055
1056 <dd>
1057 <p>Add blib/* directories to @INC</p>
1058 </dd>
1059 </li>
1060 <dt><strong><a name="item_fatal">Fatal</a></strong>
1061
1062 <dd>
1063 <p>Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die</p>
1064 </dd>
1065 </li>
1066 <dt><strong><a name="item_fcntl">Fcntl</a></strong>
1067
1068 <dd>
1069 <p>Load the C Fcntl.h defines</p>
1070 </dd>
1071 </li>
1072 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3abasename">File::Basename</a></strong>
1073
1074 <dd>
1075 <p>Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.</p>
1076 </dd>
1077 </li>
1078 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3achecktree">File::CheckTree</a></strong>
1079
1080 <dd>
1081 <p>Run many filetest checks on a tree</p>
1082 </dd>
1083 </li>
1084 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3acompare">File::Compare</a></strong>
1085
1086 <dd>
1087 <p>Compare files or filehandles</p>
1088 </dd>
1089 </li>
1090 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3acopy">File::Copy</a></strong>
1091
1092 <dd>
1093 <p>Copy files or filehandles</p>
1094 </dd>
1095 </li>
1096 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3adosglob">File::DosGlob</a></strong>
1097
1098 <dd>
1099 <p>DOS like globbing and then some</p>
1100 </dd>
1101 </li>
1102 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3afind">File::Find</a></strong>
1103
1104 <dd>
1105 <p>Traverse a directory tree.</p>
1106 </dd>
1107 </li>
1108 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3aglob">File::Glob</a></strong>
1109
1110 <dd>
1111 <p>Perl extension for BSD glob routine</p>
1112 </dd>
1113 </li>
1114 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3apath">File::Path</a></strong>
1115
1116 <dd>
1117 <p>Create or remove directory trees</p>
1118 </dd>
1119 </li>
1120 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3aspec">File::Spec</a></strong>
1121
1122 <dd>
1123 <p>Portably perform operations on file names</p>
1124 </dd>
1125 </li>
1126 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3aspec_3a_3acygwin">File::Spec::Cygwin</a></strong>
1127
1128 <dd>
1129 <p>Methods for Cygwin file specs</p>
1130 </dd>
1131 </li>
1132 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3aspec_3a_3aepoc">File::Spec::Epoc</a></strong>
1133
1134 <dd>
1135 <p>Methods for Epoc file specs</p>
1136 </dd>
1137 </li>
1138 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3aspec_3a_3afunctions">File::Spec::Functions</a></strong>
1139
1140 <dd>
1141 <p>Portably perform operations on file names</p>
1142 </dd>
1143 </li>
1144 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3aspec_3a_3amac">File::Spec::Mac</a></strong>
1145
1146 <dd>
1147 <p>File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)</p>
1148 </dd>
1149 </li>
1150 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3aspec_3a_3aos2">File::Spec::OS2</a></strong>
1151
1152 <dd>
1153 <p>Methods for OS/2 file specs</p>
1154 </dd>
1155 </li>
1156 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3aspec_3a_3aunix">File::Spec::Unix</a></strong>
1157
1158 <dd>
1159 <p>File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules</p>
1160 </dd>
1161 </li>
1162 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3aspec_3a_3avms">File::Spec::VMS</a></strong>
1163
1164 <dd>
1165 <p>Methods for VMS file specs</p>
1166 </dd>
1167 </li>
1168 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3aspec_3a_3awin32">File::Spec::Win32</a></strong>
1169
1170 <dd>
1171 <p>Methods for Win32 file specs</p>
1172 </dd>
1173 </li>
1174 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3atemp">File::Temp</a></strong>
1175
1176 <dd>
1177 <p>Return name and handle of a temporary file safely</p>
1178 </dd>
1179 </li>
1180 <dt><strong><a name="item_file_3a_3astat">File::stat</a></strong>
1181
1182 <dd>
1183 <p>By-name interface to Perl's built-in <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlfunc.html#item_stat"><code>stat()</code></a> functions</p>
1184 </dd>
1185 </li>
1186 <dt><strong><a name="item_filecache">FileCache</a></strong>
1187
1188 <dd>
1189 <p>Keep more files open than the system permits</p>
1190 </dd>
1191 </li>
1192 <dt><strong><a name="item_filehandle">FileHandle</a></strong>
1193
1194 <dd>
1195 <p>Supply object methods for filehandles</p>
1196 </dd>
1197 </li>
1198 <dt><strong><a name="item_filter_3a_3asimple">Filter::Simple</a></strong>
1199
1200 <dd>
1201 <p>Simplified source filtering</p>
1202 </dd>
1203 </li>
1204 <dt><strong><a name="item_filter_3a_3autil_3a_3acall">Filter::Util::Call</a></strong>
1205
1206 <dd>
1207 <p>Perl Source Filter Utility Module</p>
1208 </dd>
1209 </li>
1210 <dt><strong><a name="item_findbin">FindBin</a></strong>
1211
1212 <dd>
1213 <p>Locate directory of original perl script</p>
1214 </dd>
1215 </li>
1216 <dt><strong><a name="item_gdbm_file">GDBM_File</a></strong>
1217
1218 <dd>
1219 <p>Perl5 access to the gdbm library.</p>
1220 </dd>
1221 </li>
1222 <dt><strong><a name="item_getopt_3a_3along">Getopt::Long</a></strong>
1223
1224 <dd>
1225 <p>Extended processing of command line options</p>
1226 </dd>
1227 </li>
1228 <dt><strong><a name="item_getopt_3a_3astd">Getopt::Std</a></strong>
1229
1230 <dd>
1231 <p>Process single-character switches with switch clustering</p>
1232 </dd>
1233 </li>
1234 <dt><strong><a name="item_hash_3a_3autil">Hash::Util</a></strong>
1235
1236 <dd>
1237 <p>A selection of general-utility hash subroutines</p>
1238 </dd>
1239 </li>
1240 <dt><strong><a name="item_i18n_3a_3acollate">I18N::Collate</a></strong>
1241
1242 <dd>
1243 <p>Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale</p>
1244 </dd>
1245 </li>
1246 <dt><strong><a name="item_i18n_3a_3alangtags">I18N::LangTags</a></strong>
1247
1248 <dd>
1249 <p>Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags</p>
1250 </dd>
1251 </li>
1252 <dt><strong><a name="item_i18n_3a_3alangtags_3a_3adetect">I18N::LangTags::Detect</a></strong>
1253
1254 <dd>
1255 <p>Detect the user's language preferences</p>
1256 </dd>
1257 </li>
1258 <dt><strong><a name="item_i18n_3a_3alangtags_3a_3alist">I18N::LangTags::List</a></strong>
1259
1260 <dd>
1261 <p>Tags and names for human languages</p>
1262 </dd>
1263 </li>
1264 <dt><strong><a name="item_i18n_3a_3alanginfo">I18N::Langinfo</a></strong>
1265
1266 <dd>
1267 <p>Query locale information</p>
1268 </dd>
1269 </li>
1270 <dt><strong><a name="item_io">IO</a></strong>
1271
1272 <dd>
1273 <p>Load various IO modules</p>
1274 </dd>
1275 </li>
1276 <dt><strong><a name="item_io_3a_3adir">IO::Dir</a></strong>
1277
1278 <dd>
1279 <p>Supply object methods for directory handles</p>
1280 </dd>
1281 </li>
1282 <dt><strong><a name="item_io_3a_3afile">IO::File</a></strong>
1283
1284 <dd>
1285 <p>Supply object methods for filehandles</p>
1286 </dd>
1287 </li>
1288 <dt><strong><a name="item_io_3a_3ahandle">IO::Handle</a></strong>
1289
1290 <dd>
1291 <p>Supply object methods for I/O handles</p>
1292 </dd>
1293 </li>
1294 <dt><strong><a name="item_io_3a_3apipe">IO::Pipe</a></strong>
1295
1296 <dd>
1297 <p>Supply object methods for pipes</p>
1298 </dd>
1299 </li>
1300 <dt><strong><a name="item_io_3a_3apoll">IO::Poll</a></strong>
1301
1302 <dd>
1303 <p>Object interface to system poll call</p>
1304 </dd>
1305 </li>
1306 <dt><strong><a name="item_io_3a_3aseekable">IO::Seekable</a></strong>
1307
1308 <dd>
1309 <p>Supply seek based methods for I/O objects</p>
1310 </dd>
1311 </li>
1312 <dt><strong><a name="item_io_3a_3aselect">IO::Select</a></strong>
1313
1314 <dd>
1315 <p>OO interface to the select system call</p>
1316 </dd>
1317 </li>
1318 <dt><strong><a name="item_io_3a_3asocket">IO::Socket</a></strong>
1319
1320 <dd>
1321 <p>Object interface to socket communications</p>
1322 </dd>
1323 </li>
1324 <dt><strong><a name="item_io_3a_3asocket_3a_3ainet">IO::Socket::INET</a></strong>
1325
1326 <dd>
1327 <p>Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets</p>
1328 </dd>
1329 </li>
1330 <dt><strong><a name="item_io_3a_3asocket_3a_3aunix">IO::Socket::UNIX</a></strong>
1331
1332 <dd>
1333 <p>Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets</p>
1334 </dd>
1335 </li>
1336 <dt><strong><a name="item_ipc_3a_3aopen2">IPC::Open2</a></strong>
1337
1338 <dd>
1339 <p>Open a process for both reading and writing</p>
1340 </dd>
1341 </li>
1342 <dt><strong><a name="item_ipc_3a_3aopen3">IPC::Open3</a></strong>
1343
1344 <dd>
1345 <p>Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling</p>
1346 </dd>
1347 </li>
1348 <dt><strong><a name="item_ipc_3a_3asysv">IPC::SysV</a></strong>
1349
1350 <dd>
1351 <p>SysV IPC constants</p>
1352 </dd>
1353 </li>
1354 <dt><strong><a name="item_ipc_3a_3asysv_3a_3amsg">IPC::SysV::Msg</a></strong>
1355
1356 <dd>
1357 <p>SysV Msg IPC object class</p>
1358 </dd>
1359 </li>
1360 <dt><strong><a name="item_ipc_3a_3asysv_3a_3asemaphore">IPC::SysV::Semaphore</a></strong>
1361
1362 <dd>
1363 <p>SysV Semaphore IPC object class</p>
1364 </dd>
1365 </li>
1366 <dt><strong><a name="item_list_3a_3autil">List::Util</a></strong>
1367
1368 <dd>
1369 <p>A selection of general-utility list subroutines</p>
1370 </dd>
1371 </li>
1372 <dt><strong><a name="item_locale_3a_3aconstants">Locale::Constants</a></strong>
1373
1374 <dd>
1375 <p>Constants for Locale codes</p>
1376 </dd>
1377 </li>
1378 <dt><strong><a name="item_locale_3a_3acountry">Locale::Country</a></strong>
1379
1380 <dd>
1381 <p>ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)</p>
1382 </dd>
1383 </li>
1384 <dt><strong><a name="item_locale_3a_3acurrency">Locale::Currency</a></strong>
1385
1386 <dd>
1387 <p>ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)</p>
1388 </dd>
1389 </li>
1390 <dt><strong><a name="item_locale_3a_3alanguage">Locale::Language</a></strong>
1391
1392 <dd>
1393 <p>ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)</p>
1394 </dd>
1395 </li>
1396 <dt><strong><a name="item_locale_3a_3amaketext">Locale::Maketext</a></strong>
1397
1398 <dd>
1399 <p>Framework for localization</p>
1400 </dd>
1401 </li>
1402 <dt><strong><a name="item_locale_3a_3amaketext_3a_3atpj13">Locale::Maketext::TPJ13</a></strong>
1403
1404 <dd>
1405 <p>Article about software localization</p>
1406 </dd>
1407 </li>
1408 <dt><strong><a name="item_locale_3a_3ascript">Locale::Script</a></strong>
1409
1410 <dd>
1411 <p>ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)</p>
1412 </dd>
1413 </li>
1414 <dt><strong><a name="item_mime_3a_3abase64">MIME::Base64</a></strong>
1415
1416 <dd>
1417 <p>Encoding and decoding of base64 strings</p>
1418 </dd>
1419 </li>
1420 <dt><strong><a name="item_mime_3a_3abase64_3a_3aquotedprint">MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint</a></strong>
1421
1422 <dd>
1423 <p>Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings</p>
1424 </dd>
1425 </li>
1426 <dt><strong><a name="item_math_3a_3abigfloat">Math::BigFloat</a></strong>
1427
1428 <dd>
1429 <p>Arbitrary size floating point math package</p>
1430 </dd>
1431 </li>
1432 <dt><strong><a name="item_math_3a_3abigint">Math::BigInt</a></strong>
1433
1434 <dd>
1435 <p>Arbitrary size integer/float math package</p>
1436 </dd>
1437 </li>
1438 <dt><strong><a name="item_math_3a_3abigint_3a_3acalc">Math::BigInt::Calc</a></strong>
1439
1440 <dd>
1441 <p>Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt</p>
1442 </dd>
1443 </li>
1444 <dt><strong><a name="item_math_3a_3abigint_3a_3acalcemu">Math::BigInt::CalcEmu</a></strong>
1445
1446 <dd>
1447 <p>Emulate low-level math with BigInt code</p>
1448 </dd>
1449 </li>
1450 <dt><strong><a name="item_math_3a_3abigrat">Math::BigRat</a></strong>
1451
1452 <dd>
1453 <p>Arbitrary big rational numbers</p>
1454 </dd>
1455 </li>
1456 <dt><strong><a name="item_math_3a_3acomplex">Math::Complex</a></strong>
1457
1458 <dd>
1459 <p>Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions</p>
1460 </dd>
1461 </li>
1462 <dt><strong><a name="item_math_3a_3atrig">Math::Trig</a></strong>
1463
1464 <dd>
1465 <p>Trigonometric functions</p>
1466 </dd>
1467 </li>
1468 <dt><strong><a name="item_memoize">Memoize</a></strong>
1469
1470 <dd>
1471 <p>Make functions faster by trading space for time</p>
1472 </dd>
1473 </li>
1474 <dt><strong><a name="item_memoize_3a_3aanydbm_file">Memoize::AnyDBM_File</a></strong>
1475
1476 <dd>
1477 <p>Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use</p>
1478 </dd>
1479 </li>
1480 <dt><strong><a name="item_memoize_3a_3aexpire">Memoize::Expire</a></strong>
1481
1482 <dd>
1483 <p>Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values</p>
1484 </dd>
1485 </li>
1486 <dt><strong><a name="item_memoize_3a_3aexpirefile">Memoize::ExpireFile</a></strong>
1487
1488 <dd>
1489 <p>Test for Memoize expiration semantics</p>
1490 </dd>
1491 </li>
1492 <dt><strong><a name="item_memoize_3a_3aexpiretest">Memoize::ExpireTest</a></strong>
1493
1494 <dd>
1495 <p>Test for Memoize expiration semantics</p>
1496 </dd>
1497 </li>
1498 <dt><strong><a name="item_memoize_3a_3andbm_file">Memoize::NDBM_File</a></strong>
1499
1500 <dd>
1501 <p>Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use</p>
1502 </dd>
1503 </li>
1504 <dt><strong><a name="item_memoize_3a_3asdbm_file">Memoize::SDBM_File</a></strong>
1505
1506 <dd>
1507 <p>Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use</p>
1508 </dd>
1509 </li>
1510 <dt><strong><a name="item_memoize_3a_3astorable">Memoize::Storable</a></strong>
1511
1512 <dd>
1513 <p>Store Memoized data in Storable database</p>
1514 </dd>
1515 </li>
1516 <dt><strong><a name="item_ndbm_file">NDBM_File</a></strong>
1517
1518 <dd>
1519 <p>Tied access to ndbm files</p>
1520 </dd>
1521 </li>
1522 <dt><strong><a name="item_next">NEXT</a></strong>
1523
1524 <dd>
1525 <p>Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method redispatch</p>
1526 </dd>
1527 </li>
1528 <dt><strong><a name="item_net_3a_3acmd">Net::Cmd</a></strong>
1529
1530 <dd>
1531 <p>Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)</p>
1532 </dd>
1533 </li>
1534 <dt><strong><a name="item_net_3a_3aconfig">Net::Config</a></strong>
1535
1536 <dd>
1537 <p>Local configuration data for libnet</p>
1538 </dd>
1539 </li>
1540 <dt><strong><a name="item_net_3a_3adomain">Net::Domain</a></strong>
1541
1542 <dd>
1543 <p>Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain</p>
1544 </dd>
1545 </li>
1546 <dt><strong><a name="item_net_3a_3aftp">Net::FTP</a></strong>
1547
1548 <dd>
1549 <p>FTP Client class</p>
1550 </dd>
1551 </li>
1552 <dt><strong><a name="item_net_3a_3anntp">Net::NNTP</a></strong>
1553
1554 <dd>
1555 <p>NNTP Client class</p>
1556 </dd>
1557 </li>
1558 <dt><strong><a name="item_net_3a_3anetrc">Net::Netrc</a></strong>
1559
1560 <dd>
1561 <p>OO interface to users netrc file</p>
1562 </dd>
1563 </li>
1564 <dt><strong><a name="item_net_3a_3apop3">Net::POP3</a></strong>
1565
1566 <dd>
1567 <p>Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)</p>
1568 </dd>
1569 </li>
1570 <dt><strong><a name="item_net_3a_3aping">Net::Ping</a></strong>
1571
1572 <dd>
1573 <p>Check a remote host for reachability</p>
1574 </dd>
1575 </li>
1576 <dt><strong><a name="item_net_3a_3asmtp">Net::SMTP</a></strong>
1577
1578 <dd>
1579 <p>Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client</p>
1580 </dd>
1581 </li>
1582 <dt><strong><a name="item_net_3a_3atime">Net::Time</a></strong>
1583
1584 <dd>
1585 <p>Time and daytime network client interface</p>
1586 </dd>
1587 </li>
1588 <dt><strong><a name="item_net_3a_3ahostent">Net::hostent</a></strong>
1589
1590 <dd>
1591 <p>By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions</p>
1592 </dd>
1593 </li>
1594 <dt><strong><a name="item_net_3a_3alibnetfaq">Net::libnetFAQ</a></strong>
1595
1596 <dd>
1597 <p>Libnet Frequently Asked Questions</p>
1598 </dd>
1599 </li>
1600 <dt><strong><a name="item_net_3a_3anetent">Net::netent</a></strong>
1601
1602 <dd>
1603 <p>By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions</p>
1604 </dd>
1605 </li>
1606 <dt><strong><a name="item_net_3a_3aprotoent">Net::protoent</a></strong>
1607
1608 <dd>
1609 <p>By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions</p>
1610 </dd>
1611 </li>
1612 <dt><strong><a name="item_net_3a_3aservent">Net::servent</a></strong>
1613
1614 <dd>
1615 <p>By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions</p>
1616 </dd>
1617 </li>
1618 <dt><strong><a name="item_o">O</a></strong>
1619
1620 <dd>
1621 <p>Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends</p>
1622 </dd>
1623 </li>
1624 <dt><strong><a name="item_odbm_file">ODBM_File</a></strong>
1625
1626 <dd>
1627 <p>Tied access to odbm files</p>
1628 </dd>
1629 </li>
1630 <dt><strong><a name="item_opcode">Opcode</a></strong>
1631
1632 <dd>
1633 <p>Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code</p>
1634 </dd>
1635 </li>
1636 <dt><strong><a name="item_posix">POSIX</a></strong>
1637
1638 <dd>
1639 <p>Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1</p>
1640 </dd>
1641 </li>
1642 <dt><strong><a name="item_perlio">PerlIO</a></strong>
1643
1644 <dd>
1645 <p>On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space</p>
1646 </dd>
1647 </li>
1648 <dt><strong><a name="item_perlio_3a_3aencoding">PerlIO::encoding</a></strong>
1649
1650 <dd>
1651 <p>Encoding layer</p>
1652 </dd>
1653 </li>
1654 <dt><strong><a name="item_perlio_3a_3ascalar">PerlIO::scalar</a></strong>
1655
1656 <dd>
1657 <p>In-memory IO, scalar IO</p>
1658 </dd>
1659 </li>
1660 <dt><strong><a name="item_perlio_3a_3avia">PerlIO::via</a></strong>
1661
1662 <dd>
1663 <p>Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl</p>
1664 </dd>
1665 </li>
1666 <dt><strong><a name="item_perlio_3a_3avia_3a_3aquotedprint">PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint</a></strong>
1667
1668 <dd>
1669 <p>PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings</p>
1670 </dd>
1671 </li>
1672 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3achecker">Pod::Checker</a></strong>
1673
1674 <dd>
1675 <p>Check pod documents for syntax errors</p>
1676 </dd>
1677 </li>
1678 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3afind">Pod::Find</a></strong>
1679
1680 <dd>
1681 <p>Find POD documents in directory trees</p>
1682 </dd>
1683 </li>
1684 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3afunctions">Pod::Functions</a></strong>
1685
1686 <dd>
1687 <p>Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod</p>
1688 </dd>
1689 </li>
1690 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3ahtml">Pod::Html</a></strong>
1691
1692 <dd>
1693 <p>Module to convert pod files to HTML</p>
1694 </dd>
1695 </li>
1696 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3ainputobjects">Pod::InputObjects</a></strong>
1697
1698 <dd>
1699 <p>Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.</p>
1700 </dd>
1701 </li>
1702 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3alatex">Pod::LaTeX</a></strong>
1703
1704 <dd>
1705 <p>Convert Pod data to formatted Latex</p>
1706 </dd>
1707 </li>
1708 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3aman">Pod::Man</a></strong>
1709
1710 <dd>
1711 <p>Convert POD data to formatted *roff input</p>
1712 </dd>
1713 </li>
1714 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3aparselink">Pod::ParseLink</a></strong>
1715
1716 <dd>
1717 <p>Parse an L&lt;&gt; formatting code in POD text</p>
1718 </dd>
1719 </li>
1720 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3aparseutils">Pod::ParseUtils</a></strong>
1721
1722 <dd>
1723 <p>Helpers for POD parsing and conversion</p>
1724 </dd>
1725 </li>
1726 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3aparser">Pod::Parser</a></strong>
1727
1728 <dd>
1729 <p>Base class for creating POD filters and translators</p>
1730 </dd>
1731 </li>
1732 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3aperldoc_3a_3atochecker">Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker</a></strong>
1733
1734 <dd>
1735 <p>Let Perldoc check Pod for errors</p>
1736 </dd>
1737 </li>
1738 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3aperldoc_3a_3atoman">Pod::Perldoc::ToMan</a></strong>
1739
1740 <dd>
1741 <p>Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages</p>
1742 </dd>
1743 </li>
1744 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3aperldoc_3a_3atonroff">Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff</a></strong>
1745
1746 <dd>
1747 <p>Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff</p>
1748 </dd>
1749 </li>
1750 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3aperldoc_3a_3atopod">Pod::Perldoc::ToPod</a></strong>
1751
1752 <dd>
1753 <p>Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!</p>
1754 </dd>
1755 </li>
1756 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3aperldoc_3a_3atortf">Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf</a></strong>
1757
1758 <dd>
1759 <p>Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF</p>
1760 </dd>
1761 </li>
1762 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3aperldoc_3a_3atotext">Pod::Perldoc::ToText</a></strong>
1763
1764 <dd>
1765 <p>Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext</p>
1766 </dd>
1767 </li>
1768 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3aperldoc_3a_3atotk">Pod::Perldoc::ToTk</a></strong>
1769
1770 <dd>
1771 <p>Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod</p>
1772 </dd>
1773 </li>
1774 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3aperldoc_3a_3atoxml">Pod::Perldoc::ToXml</a></strong>
1775
1776 <dd>
1777 <p>Let Perldoc render Pod as XML</p>
1778 </dd>
1779 </li>
1780 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3aplaintext">Pod::PlainText</a></strong>
1781
1782 <dd>
1783 <p>Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text</p>
1784 </dd>
1785 </li>
1786 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3aplainer">Pod::Plainer</a></strong>
1787
1788 <dd>
1789 <p>Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.</p>
1790 </dd>
1791 </li>
1792 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3aselect">Pod::Select</a></strong>
1793
1794 <dd>
1795 <p>Extract selected sections of POD from input</p>
1796 </dd>
1797 </li>
1798 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3atext">Pod::Text</a></strong>
1799
1800 <dd>
1801 <p>Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text</p>
1802 </dd>
1803 </li>
1804 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3atext_3a_3acolor">Pod::Text::Color</a></strong>
1805
1806 <dd>
1807 <p>Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text</p>
1808 </dd>
1809 </li>
1810 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3atext_3a_3aoverstrike">Pod::Text::Overstrike</a></strong>
1811
1812 <dd>
1813 <p>Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text</p>
1814 </dd>
1815 </li>
1816 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3atext_3a_3atermcap">Pod::Text::Termcap</a></strong>
1817
1818 <dd>
1819 <p>Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes</p>
1820 </dd>
1821 </li>
1822 <dt><strong><a name="item_pod_3a_3ausage">Pod::Usage</a></strong>
1823
1824 <dd>
1825 <p>Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation</p>
1826 </dd>
1827 </li>
1828 <dt><strong><a name="item_sdbm_file">SDBM_File</a></strong>
1829
1830 <dd>
1831 <p>Tied access to sdbm files</p>
1832 </dd>
1833 </li>
1834 <dt><strong><a name="item_safe">Safe</a></strong>
1835
1836 <dd>
1837 <p>Compile and execute code in restricted compartments</p>
1838 </dd>
1839 </li>
1840 <dt><strong><a name="item_scalar_3a_3autil">Scalar::Util</a></strong>
1841
1842 <dd>
1843 <p>A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines</p>
1844 </dd>
1845 </li>
1846 <dt><strong><a name="item_search_3a_3adict">Search::Dict</a></strong>
1847
1848 <dd>
1849 <p>Search for key in dictionary file</p>
1850 </dd>
1851 </li>
1852 <dt><strong><a name="item_selectsaver">SelectSaver</a></strong>
1853
1854 <dd>
1855 <p>Save and restore selected file handle</p>
1856 </dd>
1857 </li>
1858 <dt><strong><a name="item_selfloader">SelfLoader</a></strong>
1859
1860 <dd>
1861 <p>Load functions only on demand</p>
1862 </dd>
1863 </li>
1864 <dt><strong><a name="item_shell">Shell</a></strong>
1865
1866 <dd>
1867 <p>Run shell commands transparently within perl</p>
1868 </dd>
1869 </li>
1870 <dt><strong><a name="item_socket">Socket</a></strong>
1871
1872 <dd>
1873 <p>Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators</p>
1874 </dd>
1875 </li>
1876 <dt><strong><a name="item_storable">Storable</a></strong>
1877
1878 <dd>
1879 <p>Persistence for Perl data structures</p>
1880 </dd>
1881 </li>
1882 <dt><strong><a name="item_switch">Switch</a></strong>
1883
1884 <dd>
1885 <p>A switch statement for Perl</p>
1886 </dd>
1887 </li>
1888 <dt><strong><a name="item_symbol">Symbol</a></strong>
1889
1890 <dd>
1891 <p>Manipulate Perl symbols and their names</p>
1892 </dd>
1893 </li>
1894 <dt><strong><a name="item_sys_3a_3ahostname">Sys::Hostname</a></strong>
1895
1896 <dd>
1897 <p>Try every conceivable way to get hostname</p>
1898 </dd>
1899 </li>
1900 <dt><strong><a name="item_sys_3a_3asyslog">Sys::Syslog</a></strong>
1901
1902 <dd>
1903 <p>Perl interface to the UNIX <code>syslog(3)</code> calls</p>
1904 </dd>
1905 </li>
1906 <dt><strong><a name="item_term_3a_3aansicolor">Term::ANSIColor</a></strong>
1907
1908 <dd>
1909 <p>Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences</p>
1910 </dd>
1911 </li>
1912 <dt><strong><a name="item_term_3a_3acap">Term::Cap</a></strong>
1913
1914 <dd>
1915 <p>Perl termcap interface</p>
1916 </dd>
1917 </li>
1918 <dt><strong><a name="item_term_3a_3acomplete">Term::Complete</a></strong>
1919
1920 <dd>
1921 <p>Perl word completion module</p>
1922 </dd>
1923 </li>
1924 <dt><strong><a name="item_term_3a_3areadline">Term::ReadLine</a></strong>
1925
1926 <dd>
1927 <p>Perl interface to various <code>readline</code> packages.</p>
1928 </dd>
1929 </li>
1930 <dt><strong><a name="item_test">Test</a></strong>
1931
1932 <dd>
1933 <p>Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts</p>
1934 </dd>
1935 </li>
1936 <dt><strong><a name="item_test_3a_3abuilder">Test::Builder</a></strong>
1937
1938 <dd>
1939 <p>Backend for building test libraries</p>
1940 </dd>
1941 </li>
1942 <dt><strong><a name="item_test_3a_3abuilder_3a_3amodule">Test::Builder::Module</a></strong>
1943
1944 <dd>
1945 <p>Base class for test modules</p>
1946 </dd>
1947 </li>
1948 <dt><strong><a name="item_test_3a_3abuilder_3a_3atester">Test::Builder::Tester</a></strong>
1949
1950 <dd>
1951 <p>Test testsuites that have been built with</p>
1952 </dd>
1953 </li>
1954 <dt><strong><a name="item_test_3a_3abuilder_3a_3atester_3a_3acolor">Test::Builder::Tester::Color</a></strong>
1955
1956 <dd>
1957 <p>Turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester</p>
1958 </dd>
1959 </li>
1960 <dt><strong><a name="item_test_3a_3aharness">Test::Harness</a></strong>
1961
1962 <dd>
1963 <p>Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics</p>
1964 </dd>
1965 </li>
1966 <dt><strong><a name="item_test_3a_3aharness_3a_3aassert">Test::Harness::Assert</a></strong>
1967
1968 <dd>
1969 <p>Simple assert</p>
1970 </dd>
1971 </li>
1972 <dt><strong><a name="item_test_3a_3aharness_3a_3aiterator">Test::Harness::Iterator</a></strong>
1973
1974 <dd>
1975 <p>Internal Test::Harness Iterator</p>
1976 </dd>
1977 </li>
1978 <dt><strong><a name="item_test_3a_3aharness_3a_3apoint">Test::Harness::Point</a></strong>
1979
1980 <dd>
1981 <p>Object for tracking a single test point</p>
1982 </dd>
1983 </li>
1984 <dt><strong><a name="item_test_3a_3aharness_3a_3astraps">Test::Harness::Straps</a></strong>
1985
1986 <dd>
1987 <p>Detailed analysis of test results</p>
1988 </dd>
1989 </li>
1990 <dt><strong><a name="item_test_3a_3aharness_3a_3atap">Test::Harness::TAP</a></strong>
1991
1992 <dd>
1993 <p>Documentation for the TAP format</p>
1994 </dd>
1995 </li>
1996 <dt><strong><a name="item_test_3a_3amore">Test::More</a></strong>
1997
1998 <dd>
1999 <p>Yet another framework for writing test scripts</p>
2000 </dd>
2001 </li>
2002 <dt><strong><a name="item_test_3a_3asimple">Test::Simple</a></strong>
2003
2004 <dd>
2005 <p>Basic utilities for writing tests.</p>
2006 </dd>
2007 </li>
2008 <dt><strong><a name="item_test_3a_3atutorial">Test::Tutorial</a></strong>
2009
2010 <dd>
2011 <p>A tutorial about writing really basic tests</p>
2012 </dd>
2013 </li>
2014 <dt><strong><a name="item_text_3a_3aabbrev">Text::Abbrev</a></strong>
2015
2016 <dd>
2017 <p>Create an abbreviation table from a list</p>
2018 </dd>
2019 </li>
2020 <dt><strong><a name="item_text_3a_3abalanced">Text::Balanced</a></strong>
2021
2022 <dd>
2023 <p>Extract delimited text sequences from strings.</p>
2024 </dd>
2025 </li>
2026 <dt><strong><a name="item_text_3a_3aparsewords">Text::ParseWords</a></strong>
2027
2028 <dd>
2029 <p>Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays</p>
2030 </dd>
2031 </li>
2032 <dt><strong><a name="item_text_3a_3asoundex">Text::Soundex</a></strong>
2033
2034 <dd>
2035 <p>Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth</p>
2036 </dd>
2037 </li>
2038 <dt><strong><a name="item_text_3a_3atabs">Text::Tabs</a></strong>
2039
2040 <dd>
2041 <p>Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix <code>expand(1)</code> and <code>unexpand(1)</code></p>
2042 </dd>
2043 </li>
2044 <dt><strong><a name="item_text_3a_3awrap">Text::Wrap</a></strong>
2045
2046 <dd>
2047 <p>Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs</p>
2048 </dd>
2049 </li>
2050 <dt><strong><a name="item_thread">Thread</a></strong>
2051
2052 <dd>
2053 <p>Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)</p>
2054 </dd>
2055 </li>
2056 <dt><strong><a name="item_thread_3a_3aqueue">Thread::Queue</a></strong>
2057
2058 <dd>
2059 <p>Thread-safe queues</p>
2060 </dd>
2061 </li>
2062 <dt><strong><a name="item_thread_3a_3asemaphore">Thread::Semaphore</a></strong>
2063
2064 <dd>
2065 <p>Thread-safe semaphores</p>
2066 </dd>
2067 </li>
2068 <dt><strong><a name="item_thread_3a_3asignal">Thread::Signal</a></strong>
2069
2070 <dd>
2071 <p>Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably (for old code)</p>
2072 </dd>
2073 </li>
2074 <dt><strong><a name="item_thread_3a_3aspecific">Thread::Specific</a></strong>
2075
2076 <dd>
2077 <p>Thread-specific keys</p>
2078 </dd>
2079 </li>
2080 <dt><strong><a name="item_tie_3a_3aarray">Tie::Array</a></strong>
2081
2082 <dd>
2083 <p>Base class for tied arrays</p>
2084 </dd>
2085 </li>
2086 <dt><strong><a name="item_tie_3a_3afile">Tie::File</a></strong>
2087
2088 <dd>
2089 <p>Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array</p>
2090 </dd>
2091 </li>
2092 <dt><strong><a name="item_tie_3a_3ahandle">Tie::Handle</a></strong>
2093
2094 <dd>
2095 <p>Base class definitions for tied handles</p>
2096 </dd>
2097 </li>
2098 <dt><strong><a name="item_tie_3a_3ahash">Tie::Hash</a></strong>
2099
2100 <dd>
2101 <p>Base class definitions for tied hashes</p>
2102 </dd>
2103 </li>
2104 <dt><strong><a name="item_tie_3a_3amemoize">Tie::Memoize</a></strong>
2105
2106 <dd>
2107 <p>Add data to hash when needed</p>
2108 </dd>
2109 </li>
2110 <dt><strong><a name="item_tie_3a_3arefhash">Tie::RefHash</a></strong>
2111
2112 <dd>
2113 <p>Use references as hash keys</p>
2114 </dd>
2115 </li>
2116 <dt><strong><a name="item_tie_3a_3ascalar">Tie::Scalar</a></strong>
2117
2118 <dd>
2119 <p>Base class definitions for tied scalars</p>
2120 </dd>
2121 </li>
2122 <dt><strong><a name="item_tie_3a_3asubstrhash">Tie::SubstrHash</a></strong>
2123
2124 <dd>
2125 <p>Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing</p>
2126 </dd>
2127 </li>
2128 <dt><strong><a name="item_time_3a_3ahires">Time::HiRes</a></strong>
2129
2130 <dd>
2131 <p>High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers</p>
2132 </dd>
2133 </li>
2134 <dt><strong><a name="item_time_3a_3alocal">Time::Local</a></strong>
2135
2136 <dd>
2137 <p>Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time</p>
2138 </dd>
2139 </li>
2140 <dt><strong><a name="item_time_3a_3agmtime">Time::gmtime</a></strong>
2141
2142 <dd>
2143 <p>By-name interface to Perl's built-in <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlfunc.html#item_gmtime"><code>gmtime()</code></a> function</p>
2144 </dd>
2145 </li>
2146 <dt><strong><a name="item_time_3a_3alocaltime">Time::localtime</a></strong>
2147
2148 <dd>
2149 <p>By-name interface to Perl's built-in <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlfunc.html#item_localtime"><code>localtime()</code></a> function</p>
2150 </dd>
2151 </li>
2152 <dt><strong><a name="item_time_3a_3atm">Time::tm</a></strong>
2153
2154 <dd>
2155 <p>Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime</p>
2156 </dd>
2157 </li>
2158 <dt><strong><a name="item_universal">UNIVERSAL</a></strong>
2159
2160 <dd>
2161 <p>Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)</p>
2162 </dd>
2163 </li>
2164 <dt><strong><a name="item_unicode_3a_3acollate">Unicode::Collate</a></strong>
2165
2166 <dd>
2167 <p>Unicode Collation Algorithm</p>
2168 </dd>
2169 </li>
2170 <dt><strong><a name="item_unicode_3a_3anormalize">Unicode::Normalize</a></strong>
2171
2172 <dd>
2173 <p>Unicode Normalization Forms</p>
2174 </dd>
2175 </li>
2176 <dt><strong><a name="item_unicode_3a_3aucd">Unicode::UCD</a></strong>
2177
2178 <dd>
2179 <p>Unicode character database</p>
2180 </dd>
2181 </li>
2182 <dt><strong><a name="item_user_3a_3agrent">User::grent</a></strong>
2183
2184 <dd>
2185 <p>By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions</p>
2186 </dd>
2187 </li>
2188 <dt><strong><a name="item_user_3a_3apwent">User::pwent</a></strong>
2189
2190 <dd>
2191 <p>By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions</p>
2192 </dd>
2193 </li>
2194 <dt><strong><a name="item_xs_3a_3aapitest">XS::APItest</a></strong>
2195
2196 <dd>
2197 <p>Test the perl C API</p>
2198 </dd>
2199 </li>
2200 <dt><strong><a name="item_xs_3a_3atypemap">XS::Typemap</a></strong>
2201
2202 <dd>
2203 <p>Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl</p>
2204 </dd>
2205 </li>
2206 <dt><strong><a name="item_xsloader">XSLoader</a></strong>
2207
2208 <dd>
2209 <p>Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code</p>
2210 </dd>
2211 </li>
2212 </dl>
2213 <p>To find out <em>all</em> modules installed on your system, including
2214 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
2215 just use the following command (under the default win32 shell,
2216 double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).</p>
2217 <pre>
2218     % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
2219       'find { wanted =&gt; sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
2220       no_chdir =&gt; 1 }, @INC'</pre>
2221 <p>(The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.)
2222 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
2223 via your system <code>man(1)</code> command.  If you do not have a <strong>find</strong>
2224 program, you can use the Perl <strong>find2perl</strong> program instead, which
2225 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl.  If you
2226 have a <strong>man</strong> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
2227 to fix your manpath.  See <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perl.html">the perl manpage</a> for details.  If you have no
2228 system <strong>man</strong> command, you might try the <strong>perldoc</strong> program.</p>
2229 <p>Note also that the command <code>perldoc perllocal</code> gives you a (possibly
2230 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
2231 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker
2232 install process.)</p>
2233 <p>
2234 </p>
2235 <h2><a name="extension_modules">Extension Modules</a></h2>
2236 <p>Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C).  They
2237 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
2238 but may also be linked in statically.  Supported extension modules
2239 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.</p>
2240 <p>Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
2241 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
2242 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
2243 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested.  You are encouraged to
2244 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
2245 like Alta Vista or Google.</p>
2246 <p>
2247 </p>
2248 <hr />
2249 <h1><a name="cpan">CPAN</a></h1>
2250 <p>CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
2251 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
2252 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
2253 occasional binary distributions for these.   Search engines for
2254 CPAN can be found at <a href="http://www.cpan.org/">http://www.cpan.org/</a></p>
2255 <p>Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
2256 some of which require a C compiler to build.  Major categories of
2257 modules are:</p>
2258 <ul>
2259 <li>
2260 <p>Language Extensions and Documentation Tools</p>
2261 </li>
2262 <li>
2263 <p>Development Support</p>
2264 </li>
2265 <li>
2266 <p>Operating System Interfaces</p>
2267 </li>
2268 <li>
2269 <p>Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication</p>
2270 </li>
2271 <li>
2272 <p>Data Types and Data Type Utilities</p>
2273 </li>
2274 <li>
2275 <p>Database Interfaces</p>
2276 </li>
2277 <li>
2278 <p>User Interfaces</p>
2279 </li>
2280 <li>
2281 <p>Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages</p>
2282 </li>
2283 <li>
2284 <p>File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)</p>
2285 </li>
2286 <li>
2287 <p>String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching</p>
2288 </li>
2289 <li>
2290 <p>Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing</p>
2291 </li>
2292 <li>
2293 <p>Internationalization and Locale</p>
2294 </li>
2295 <li>
2296 <p>Authentication, Security, and Encryption</p>
2297 </li>
2298 <li>
2299 <p>World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME</p>
2300 </li>
2301 <li>
2302 <p>Server and Daemon Utilities</p>
2303 </li>
2304 <li>
2305 <p>Archiving and Compression</p>
2306 </li>
2307 <li>
2308 <p>Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing</p>
2309 </li>
2310 <li>
2311 <p>Mail and Usenet News</p>
2312 </li>
2313 <li>
2314 <p>Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)</p>
2315 </li>
2316 <li>
2317 <p>File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities</p>
2318 </li>
2319 <li>
2320 <p>Miscellaneous Modules</p>
2321 </li>
2322 </ul>
2323 <p>The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows.
2324 Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:</p>
2325 <p>Continent
2326    |
2327    |--&gt;Country
2328          |
2329          |--&gt;[state/province]
2330                    |
2331                    |--&gt;ftp
2332                    |
2333                    |--&gt;[http]</p>
2334 <p>and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
2335 European and the South American sites.</p>
2336 <p>You should try to choose one close to you.</p>
2337 <p>
2338 </p>
2339 <h2><a name="africa">Africa</a></h2>
2340 <dl>
2341 <dt><strong><a name="item_south_africa">South Africa</a></strong>
2342
2343 <dd>
2344 <pre>
2345                       <a href="http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/">http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/</a>
2346                       <a href="ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/</a>
2347                       <a href="ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/</a>
2348                       <a href="ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/</a>
2349                       <a href="ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/</a></pre>
2350 </dd>
2351 </dl>
2352 <p>
2353 </p>
2354 <h2><a name="asia">Asia</a></h2>
2355 <dl>
2356 <dt><strong><a name="item_china">China</a></strong>
2357
2358 <dd>
2359 <pre>
2360                       <a href="http://cpan.linuxforum.net/">http://cpan.linuxforum.net/</a>
2361                       <a href="http://cpan.shellhung.org/">http://cpan.shellhung.org/</a>
2362                       <a href="ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN">ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN</a>
2363                       <a href="ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN">ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN</a></pre>
2364 </dd>
2365 <dt><strong><a name="item_indonesia">Indonesia</a></strong>
2366
2367 <dd>
2368 <pre>
2369                       <a href="http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/">http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/</a>
2370                       <a href="http://cpan.cbn.net.id/">http://cpan.cbn.net.id/</a>
2371                       <a href="ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN">ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN</a></pre>
2372 </dd>
2373 <dt><strong><a name="item_israel">Israel</a></strong>
2374
2375 <dd>
2376 <pre>
2377                       <a href="ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/</a>
2378                       <a href="http://cpan.lerner.co.il/">http://cpan.lerner.co.il/</a>
2379                       <a href="http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/">http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/</a>
2380                       <a href="ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/">ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/</a></pre>
2381 </dd>
2382 <dt><strong><a name="item_japan">Japan</a></strong>
2383
2384 <dd>
2385 <pre>
2386                       <a href="ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN">ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN</a>
2387                       <a href="ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/</a>
2388                       <a href="ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/</a>
2389                       <a href="ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/</a>
2390                       <a href="http://ftp.cpan.jp/">http://ftp.cpan.jp/</a>
2391                       <a href="ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/</a>
2392                       <a href="ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/</a>
2393                       <a href="ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/</a></pre>
2394 </dd>
2395 <dt><strong><a name="item_malaysia">Malaysia</a></strong>
2396
2397 <dd>
2398 <pre>
2399                       <a href="http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my">http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my</a>
2400                       <a href="http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN">http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN</a>
2401                       <a href="http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN">http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN</a></pre>
2402 </dd>
2403 <dt><strong><a name="item_russian_federation">Russian Federation</a></strong>
2404
2405 <dd>
2406 <pre>
2407                       <a href="http://cpan.tomsk.ru">http://cpan.tomsk.ru</a>
2408                       <a href="ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/">ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/</a></pre>
2409 </dd>
2410 <dt><strong><a name="item_saudi_arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></strong>
2411
2412 <dd>
2413 <pre>
2414                       <a href="ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2415 </dd>
2416 <dt><strong><a name="item_singapore">Singapore</a></strong>
2417
2418 <dd>
2419 <pre>
2420                       <a href="http://CPAN.en.com.sg/">http://CPAN.en.com.sg/</a>
2421                       <a href="ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/">ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/</a>
2422                       <a href="http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN">http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN</a>
2423                       <a href="ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN">ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN</a>
2424                       <a href="http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org">http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org</a>
2425                       <a href="ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan">ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan</a></pre>
2426 </dd>
2427 <dt><strong><a name="item_south_korea">South Korea</a></strong>
2428
2429 <dd>
2430 <pre>
2431                       <a href="http://CPAN.bora.net/">http://CPAN.bora.net/</a>
2432                       <a href="ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/</a>
2433                       <a href="http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN">http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN</a>
2434                       <a href="ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN">ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN</a></pre>
2435 </dd>
2436 <dt><strong><a name="item_taiwan">Taiwan</a></strong>
2437
2438 <dd>
2439 <pre>
2440                       <a href="ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN">ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN</a>
2441                       <a href="http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/">http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/</a>
2442                       <a href="ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN">ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN</a>
2443                       <a href="http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN">http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN</a>
2444                       <a href="ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN">ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN</a>
2445                       <a href="ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/</a>
2446                       <a href="http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/">http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/</a>
2447                       <a href="ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2448 </dd>
2449 <dt><strong><a name="item_thailand">Thailand</a></strong>
2450
2451 <dd>
2452 <pre>
2453                       <a href="ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/">ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/</a>
2454                       <a href="ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/</a></pre>
2455 </dd>
2456 </dl>
2457 <p>
2458 </p>
2459 <h2><a name="central_america">Central America</a></h2>
2460 <dl>
2461 <dt><strong><a name="item_costa_rica">Costa Rica</a></strong>
2462
2463 <dd>
2464 <pre>
2465                       <a href="http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/">http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/</a>
2466                       <a href="ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/</a></pre>
2467 </dd>
2468 </dl>
2469 <p>
2470 </p>
2471 <h2><a name="europe">Europe</a></h2>
2472 <dl>
2473 <dt><strong><a name="item_austria">Austria</a></strong>
2474
2475 <dd>
2476 <pre>
2477                       <a href="http://cpan.inode.at/">http://cpan.inode.at/</a>
2478                       <a href="ftp://cpan.inode.at">ftp://cpan.inode.at</a>
2479                       <a href="ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2480 </dd>
2481 <dt><strong><a name="item_belgium">Belgium</a></strong>
2482
2483 <dd>
2484 <pre>
2485                       <a href="http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/">http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/</a>
2486                       <a href="ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/</a>
2487                       <a href="http://cpan.skynet.be">http://cpan.skynet.be</a>
2488                       <a href="ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN">ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN</a>
2489                       <a href="ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/</a></pre>
2490 </dd>
2491 <dt><strong><a name="item_bosnia_and_herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></strong>
2492
2493 <dd>
2494 <pre>
2495                       <a href="http://cpan.blic.net/">http://cpan.blic.net/</a></pre>
2496 </dd>
2497 <dt><strong><a name="item_bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></strong>
2498
2499 <dd>
2500 <pre>
2501                       <a href="http://cpan.online.bg">http://cpan.online.bg</a>
2502                       <a href="ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan">ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan</a>
2503                       <a href="http://cpan.zadnik.org">http://cpan.zadnik.org</a>
2504                       <a href="ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/</a>
2505                       <a href="http://cpan.lirex.net/">http://cpan.lirex.net/</a>
2506                       <a href="ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN">ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN</a></pre>
2507 </dd>
2508 <dt><strong><a name="item_croatia">Croatia</a></strong>
2509
2510 <dd>
2511 <pre>
2512                       <a href="http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/">http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/</a>
2513                       <a href="ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2514 </dd>
2515 <dt><strong><a name="item_czech_republic">Czech Republic</a></strong>
2516
2517 <dd>
2518 <pre>
2519                       <a href="ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/</a>
2520                       <a href="ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/">ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/</a></pre>
2521 </dd>
2522 <dt><strong><a name="item_denmark">Denmark</a></strong>
2523
2524 <dd>
2525 <pre>
2526                       <a href="http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/">http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/</a>
2527                       <a href="ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/">ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/</a>
2528                       <a href="http://cpan.cybercity.dk">http://cpan.cybercity.dk</a>
2529                       <a href="http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/">http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/</a>
2530                       <a href="ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/">ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/</a></pre>
2531 </dd>
2532 <dt><strong><a name="item_estonia">Estonia</a></strong>
2533
2534 <dd>
2535 <pre>
2536                       <a href="ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/</a></pre>
2537 </dd>
2538 <dt><strong><a name="item_finland">Finland</a></strong>
2539
2540 <dd>
2541 <pre>
2542                       <a href="ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/</a>
2543                       <a href="http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN">http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN</a></pre>
2544 </dd>
2545 <dt><strong><a name="item_france">France</a></strong>
2546
2547 <dd>
2548 <pre>
2549                       <a href="http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN">http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN</a>
2550                       <a href="http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN">http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN</a>
2551                       <a href="ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN">ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN</a>
2552                       <a href="http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/">http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/</a>
2553                       <a href="ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/">ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/</a>
2554                       <a href="ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/</a>
2555                       <a href="http://fr.cpan.org/">http://fr.cpan.org/</a>
2556                       <a href="ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/</a>
2557                       <a href="ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/</a>
2558                       <a href="ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/</a>
2559                       <a href="http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org">http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org</a>
2560                       <a href="ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org">ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org</a>
2561                       <a href="http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/">http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/</a>
2562                       <a href="ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/">ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/</a>
2563                       <a href="http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN">http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN</a>
2564                       <a href="ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN">ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN</a>
2565                       <a href="ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/">ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/</a>
2566                       <a href="ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/</a></pre>
2567 </dd>
2568 <dt><strong><a name="item_germany">Germany</a></strong>
2569
2570 <dd>
2571 <pre>
2572                       <a href="ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/</a>
2573                       <a href="ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/</a>
2574                       <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/</a>
2575                       <a href="ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN">ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN</a>
2576                       <a href="http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/">http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/</a>
2577                       <a href="ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/">ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/</a>
2578                       <a href="http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/">http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/</a>
2579                       <a href="ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/</a>
2580                       <a href="ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/</a>
2581                       <a href="ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/</a>
2582                       <a href="http://cpan.noris.de/">http://cpan.noris.de/</a>
2583                       <a href="ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/">ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/</a>
2584                       <a href="ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/</a>
2585                       <a href="ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/</a></pre>
2586 </dd>
2587 <dt><strong><a name="item_greece">Greece</a></strong>
2588
2589 <dd>
2590 <pre>
2591                       <a href="ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl">ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl</a>
2592                       <a href="ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN">ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN</a>
2593                       <a href="ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/">ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/</a></pre>
2594 </dd>
2595 <dt><strong><a name="item_hungary">Hungary</a></strong>
2596
2597 <dd>
2598 <pre>
2599                       <a href="http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/">http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/</a>
2600                       <a href="ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/</a></pre>
2601 </dd>
2602 <dt><strong><a name="item_iceland">Iceland</a></strong>
2603
2604 <dd>
2605 <pre>
2606                       <a href="http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/">http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/</a>
2607                       <a href="ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2608 </dd>
2609 <dt><strong><a name="item_ireland">Ireland</a></strong>
2610
2611 <dd>
2612 <pre>
2613                       <a href="http://cpan.indigo.ie/">http://cpan.indigo.ie/</a>
2614                       <a href="ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/">ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/</a>
2615                       <a href="http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN">http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN</a>
2616                       <a href="ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN">ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN</a>
2617                       <a href="http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/">http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/</a>
2618                       <a href="ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/">ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/</a></pre>
2619 </dd>
2620 <dt><strong><a name="item_italy">Italy</a></strong>
2621
2622 <dd>
2623 <pre>
2624                       <a href="http://cpan.nettuno.it/">http://cpan.nettuno.it/</a>
2625                       <a href="http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/">http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/</a>
2626                       <a href="ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN">ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN</a>
2627                       <a href="http://softcity.iol.it/cpan">http://softcity.iol.it/cpan</a>
2628                       <a href="ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan">ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan</a>
2629                       <a href="ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/</a>
2630                       <a href="ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/</a>
2631                       <a href="ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/">ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/</a>
2632                       <a href="ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/">ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/</a>
2633                       <a href="http://cpan.flashnet.it/">http://cpan.flashnet.it/</a>
2634                       <a href="ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2635 </dd>
2636 <dt><strong><a name="item_latvia">Latvia</a></strong>
2637
2638 <dd>
2639 <pre>
2640                       <a href="http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/">http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2641 </dd>
2642 <dt><strong><a name="item_lithuania">Lithuania</a></strong>
2643
2644 <dd>
2645 <pre>
2646                       <a href="ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2647 </dd>
2648 <dt><strong><a name="item_netherlands">Netherlands</a></strong>
2649
2650 <dd>
2651 <pre>
2652                       <a href="ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/">ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/</a>
2653                       <a href="ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/</a>
2654                       <a href="ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/</a>
2655                       <a href="http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/">http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/</a>
2656                       <a href="ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN">ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN</a>
2657                       <a href="ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/">ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/</a>
2658                       <a href="ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/</a>
2659                       <a href="http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN">http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN</a>
2660                       <a href="ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN">ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN</a>
2661                       <a href="http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/">http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/</a>
2662                       <a href="ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/</a></pre>
2663 </dd>
2664 <dt><strong><a name="item_norway">Norway</a></strong>
2665
2666 <dd>
2667 <pre>
2668                       <a href="ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN">ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN</a>
2669                       <a href="ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/">ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/</a></pre>
2670 </dd>
2671 <dt><strong><a name="item_poland">Poland</a></strong>
2672
2673 <dd>
2674 <pre>
2675                       <a href="ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN">ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN</a>
2676                       <a href="ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/</a>
2677                       <a href="ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/">ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2678 </dd>
2679 <dt><strong><a name="item_portugal">Portugal</a></strong>
2680
2681 <dd>
2682 <pre>
2683                       <a href="ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/</a>
2684                       <a href="ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/">ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/</a>
2685                       <a href="http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/">http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/</a>
2686                       <a href="ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN">ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN</a>
2687                       <a href="ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN">ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN</a>
2688                       <a href="http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN">http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN</a>
2689                       <a href="ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN">ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN</a>
2690                       <a href="http://cpan.ip.pt/">http://cpan.ip.pt/</a>
2691                       <a href="ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/">ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/</a>
2692                       <a href="http://cpan.telepac.pt/">http://cpan.telepac.pt/</a>
2693                       <a href="ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/">ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/</a></pre>
2694 </dd>
2695 <dt><strong><a name="item_romania">Romania</a></strong>
2696
2697 <dd>
2698 <pre>
2699                       <a href="ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN">ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN</a>
2700                       <a href="ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/</a>
2701                       <a href="ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN">ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN</a>
2702                       <a href="ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/</a>
2703                       <a href="ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/">ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/</a>
2704                       <a href="ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/">ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/</a>
2705                       <a href="http://cpan.ambra.ro/">http://cpan.ambra.ro/</a>
2706                       <a href="ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN">ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN</a>
2707                       <a href="ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/</a>
2708                       <a href="ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN">ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN</a>
2709                       <a href="ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/</a></pre>
2710 </dd>
2711 <dt><strong><a name="item_russia">Russia</a></strong>
2712
2713 <dd>
2714 <pre>
2715                       <a href="ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/</a>
2716                       <a href="http://cpan.rinet.ru/">http://cpan.rinet.ru/</a>
2717                       <a href="ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/">ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/</a>
2718                       <a href="ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/</a>
2719                       <a href="ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/</a>
2720                       <a href="http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/">http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/</a>
2721                       <a href="ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/</a></pre>
2722 </dd>
2723 <dt><strong><a name="item_slovakia">Slovakia</a></strong>
2724
2725 <dd>
2726 <pre>
2727                       <a href="ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2728 </dd>
2729 <dt><strong><a name="item_slovenia">Slovenia</a></strong>
2730
2731 <dd>
2732 <pre>
2733                       <a href="ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/</a></pre>
2734 </dd>
2735 <dt><strong><a name="item_spain">Spain</a></strong>
2736
2737 <dd>
2738 <pre>
2739                       <a href="http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/">http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/</a>
2740                       <a href="ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/</a>
2741                       <a href="ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN">ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN</a>
2742                       <a href="ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/">ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/</a></pre>
2743 </dd>
2744 <dt><strong><a name="item_sweden">Sweden</a></strong>
2745
2746 <dd>
2747 <pre>
2748                       <a href="http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/">http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/</a>
2749                       <a href="ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/</a>
2750                       <a href="http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN">http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN</a>
2751                       <a href="ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN">ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN</a>
2752                       <a href="ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/</a></pre>
2753 </dd>
2754 <dt><strong><a name="item_switzerland">Switzerland</a></strong>
2755
2756 <dd>
2757 <pre>
2758                       <a href="http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/">http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/</a>
2759                       <a href="ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/</a>
2760                       <a href="ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/</a>
2761                       <a href="ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/">ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/</a></pre>
2762 </dd>
2763 <dt><strong><a name="item_turkey">Turkey</a></strong>
2764
2765 <dd>
2766 <pre>
2767                       <a href="http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/">http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/</a>
2768                       <a href="ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN">ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN</a>
2769                       <a href="ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/">ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/</a></pre>
2770 </dd>
2771 <dt><strong><a name="item_ukraine">Ukraine</a></strong>
2772
2773 <dd>
2774 <pre>
2775                       <a href="http://cpan.org.ua/">http://cpan.org.ua/</a>
2776                       <a href="ftp://cpan.org.ua/">ftp://cpan.org.ua/</a>
2777                       <a href="ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/</a>
2778                       <a href="http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/">http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/</a>
2779                       <a href="ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/">ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2780 </dd>
2781 <dt><strong><a name="item_united_kingdom">United Kingdom</a></strong>
2782
2783 <dd>
2784 <pre>
2785                       <a href="http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN">http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN</a>
2786                       <a href="ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/</a>
2787                       <a href="http://cpan.teleglobe.net/">http://cpan.teleglobe.net/</a>
2788                       <a href="ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN">ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN</a>
2789                       <a href="http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/">http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/</a>
2790                       <a href="ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/</a>
2791                       <a href="http://cpan.etla.org/">http://cpan.etla.org/</a>
2792                       <a href="ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN">ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN</a>
2793                       <a href="ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/</a>
2794                       <a href="http://cpan.m.flirble.org/">http://cpan.m.flirble.org/</a>
2795                       <a href="ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/</a>
2796                       <a href="ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/</a>
2797                       <a href="http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/">http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/</a>
2798                       <a href="http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/">http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/</a>
2799                       <a href="ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/</a>
2800                       <a href="ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/">ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/</a></pre>
2801 </dd>
2802 </dl>
2803 <p>
2804 </p>
2805 <h2><a name="north_america">North America</a></h2>
2806 <dl>
2807 <dt><strong><a name="item_canada">Canada</a></strong>
2808
2809 <dl>
2810 <dt><strong><a name="item_alberta">Alberta</a></strong>
2811
2812 <dd>
2813 <pre>
2814                       <a href="http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/">http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/</a>
2815                       <a href="ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/">ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2816 </dd>
2817 <dt><strong><a name="item_manitoba">Manitoba</a></strong>
2818
2819 <dd>
2820 <pre>
2821                       <a href="http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/">http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/</a>
2822                       <a href="ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/">ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2823 </dd>
2824 <dt><strong><a name="item_nova_scotia">Nova Scotia</a></strong>
2825
2826 <dd>
2827 <pre>
2828                       <a href="ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/">ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2829 </dd>
2830 <dt><strong><a name="item_ontario">Ontario</a></strong>
2831
2832 <dd>
2833 <pre>
2834                       <a href="ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2835 </dd>
2836 </dl>
2837 <dt><strong><a name="item_mexico">Mexico</a></strong>
2838
2839 <dd>
2840 <pre>
2841                       <a href="http://cpan.azc.uam.mx">http://cpan.azc.uam.mx</a>
2842                       <a href="ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN">ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN</a>
2843                       <a href="http://www.cpan.unam.mx/">http://www.cpan.unam.mx/</a>
2844                       <a href="ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN">ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN</a>
2845                       <a href="http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/">http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/</a>
2846                       <a href="ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2847 </dd>
2848 <dt><strong><a name="item_united_states">United States</a></strong>
2849
2850 <dl>
2851 <dt><strong><a name="item_alabama">Alabama</a></strong>
2852
2853 <dd>
2854 <pre>
2855                       <a href="http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/">http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/</a>
2856                       <a href="ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/">ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/</a></pre>
2857 </dd>
2858 <dt><strong><a name="item_california">California</a></strong>
2859
2860 <dd>
2861 <pre>
2862                       <a href="http://cpan.develooper.com/">http://cpan.develooper.com/</a>
2863                       <a href="http://www.cpan.org/">http://www.cpan.org/</a>
2864                       <a href="ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/">ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/</a>
2865                       <a href="http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/">http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/</a>
2866                       <a href="ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/</a>
2867                       <a href="http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN">http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN</a>
2868                       <a href="ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/">ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/</a>
2869                       <a href="http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/">http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/</a>
2870                       <a href="ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN">ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN</a>
2871                       <a href="http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/">http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/</a>
2872                       <a href="ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/">ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/</a>
2873                       <a href="http://cpan.digisle.net/">http://cpan.digisle.net/</a>
2874                       <a href="ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN">ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN</a>
2875                       <a href="http://www.perl.com/CPAN/">http://www.perl.com/CPAN/</a>
2876                       <a href="http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN">http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN</a></pre>
2877 </dd>
2878 <dt><strong><a name="item_colorado">Colorado</a></strong>
2879
2880 <dd>
2881 <pre>
2882                       <a href="ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/</a>
2883                       <a href="http://cpan.four10.com">http://cpan.four10.com</a></pre>
2884 </dd>
2885 <dt><strong><a name="item_delaware">Delaware</a></strong>
2886
2887 <dd>
2888 <pre>
2889                       <a href="http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN">http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN</a>
2890                       <a href="ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN">ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN</a></pre>
2891 </dd>
2892 <dt><strong><a name="item_district_of_columbia">District of Columbia</a></strong>
2893
2894 <dd>
2895 <pre>
2896                       <a href="ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
2897 </dd>
2898 <dt><strong><a name="item_florida">Florida</a></strong>
2899
2900 <dd>
2901 <pre>
2902                       <a href="ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/</a>
2903                       <a href="http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/">http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/</a>
2904                       <a href="ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/">ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/</a>
2905                       <a href="http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/">http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/</a></pre>
2906 </dd>
2907 <dt><strong><a name="item_indiana">Indiana</a></strong>
2908
2909 <dd>
2910 <pre>
2911                       <a href="ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/</a>
2912                       <a href="http://cpan.netnitco.net/">http://cpan.netnitco.net/</a>
2913                       <a href="ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/">ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/</a>
2914                       <a href="http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/">http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/</a>
2915                       <a href="ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/">ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/</a>
2916                       <a href="http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN">http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN</a>
2917                       <a href="ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN">ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN</a>
2918                       <a href="http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN">http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN</a>
2919                       <a href="ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN">ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN</a></pre>
2920 </dd>
2921 <dt><strong><a name="item_kentucky">Kentucky</a></strong>
2922
2923 <dd>
2924 <pre>
2925                       <a href="http://cpan.uky.edu/">http://cpan.uky.edu/</a>
2926                       <a href="ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/">ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/</a>
2927                       <a href="http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan">http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan</a>
2928                       <a href="ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN">ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN</a></pre>
2929 </dd>
2930 <dt><strong><a name="item_massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></strong>
2931
2932 <dd>
2933 <pre>
2934                       <a href="http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN">http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN</a>
2935                       <a href="ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN">ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN</a>
2936                       <a href="ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/</a></pre>
2937 </dd>
2938 <dt><strong><a name="item_michigan">Michigan</a></strong>
2939
2940 <dd>
2941 <pre>
2942                       <a href="ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/">ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/</a>
2943                       <a href="http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN">http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN</a>
2944                       <a href="ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN">ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN</a></pre>
2945 </dd>
2946 <dt><strong><a name="item_nevada">Nevada</a></strong>
2947
2948 <dd>
2949 <pre>
2950                       <a href="http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN">http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN</a>
2951                       <a href="ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN">ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN</a></pre>
2952 </dd>
2953 <dt><strong><a name="item_new_jersey">New Jersey</a></strong>
2954
2955 <dd>
2956 <pre>
2957                       <a href="http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/">http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/</a>
2958                       <a href="ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/</a>
2959                       <a href="http://cpan.teleglobe.net/">http://cpan.teleglobe.net/</a>
2960                       <a href="ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN">ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN</a></pre>
2961 </dd>
2962 <dt><strong><a name="item_new_york">New York</a></strong>
2963
2964 <dd>
2965 <pre>
2966                       <a href="http://cpan.belfry.net/">http://cpan.belfry.net/</a>
2967                       <a href="http://cpan.erlbaum.net/">http://cpan.erlbaum.net/</a>
2968                       <a href="ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/">ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/</a>
2969                       <a href="http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/">http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/</a>
2970                       <a href="ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/">ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/</a>
2971                       <a href="ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/</a>
2972                       <a href="http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/">http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/</a>
2973                       <a href="ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/">ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/</a></pre>
2974 </dd>
2975 <dt><strong><a name="item_north_carolina">North Carolina</a></strong>
2976
2977 <dd>
2978 <pre>
2979                       <a href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN">http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN</a>
2980                       <a href="ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN">ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN</a>
2981                       <a href="ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/">ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/</a>
2982                       <a href="ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/</a></pre>
2983 </dd>
2984 <dt><strong><a name="item_oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></strong>
2985
2986 <dd>
2987 <pre>
2988                       <a href="ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/</a></pre>
2989 </dd>
2990 <dt><strong><a name="item_oregon">Oregon</a></strong>
2991
2992 <dd>
2993 <pre>
2994                       <a href="ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN">ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN</a></pre>
2995 </dd>
2996 <dt><strong><a name="item_pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></strong>
2997
2998 <dd>
2999 <pre>
3000                       <a href="http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/">http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/</a>
3001                       <a href="ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/">ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/</a>
3002                       <a href="http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/">http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/</a>
3003                       <a href="ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/">ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/</a>
3004                       <a href="http://cpan.pair.com/">http://cpan.pair.com/</a>
3005                       <a href="ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/">ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/</a>
3006                       <a href="ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/">ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
3007 </dd>
3008 <dt><strong><a name="item_tennessee">Tennessee</a></strong>
3009
3010 <dd>
3011 <pre>
3012                       <a href="ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
3013 </dd>
3014 <dt><strong><a name="item_texas">Texas</a></strong>
3015
3016 <dd>
3017 <pre>
3018                       <a href="http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/">http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/</a>
3019                       <a href="http://www.binarycode.org/cpan">http://www.binarycode.org/cpan</a>
3020                       <a href="ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN">ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN</a>
3021                       <a href="http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN">http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN</a></pre>
3022 </dd>
3023 <dt><strong><a name="item_utah">Utah</a></strong>
3024
3025 <dd>
3026 <pre>
3027                       <a href="ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/">ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/</a></pre>
3028 </dd>
3029 <dt><strong><a name="item_virginia">Virginia</a></strong>
3030
3031 <dd>
3032 <pre>
3033                       <a href="http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/">http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/</a>
3034                       <a href="ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/">ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/</a>
3035                       <a href="http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/">http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/</a>
3036                       <a href="ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/">ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/</a>
3037                       <a href="http://perl.secsup.org/">http://perl.secsup.org/</a>
3038                       <a href="ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/">ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/</a>
3039                       <a href="http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/">http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/</a></pre>
3040 </dd>
3041 <dt><strong><a name="item_washington">Washington</a></strong>
3042
3043 <dd>
3044 <pre>
3045                       <a href="http://cpan.llarian.net/">http://cpan.llarian.net/</a>
3046                       <a href="ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/">ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/</a>
3047                       <a href="http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/">http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/</a>
3048                       <a href="ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/</a>
3049                       <a href="ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
3050 </dd>
3051 <dt><strong><a name="item_wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></strong>
3052
3053 <dd>
3054 <pre>
3055                       <a href="http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/">http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/</a>
3056                       <a href="ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/">ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/</a>
3057                       <a href="http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN">http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN</a>
3058                       <a href="ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN">ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN</a></pre>
3059 </dd>
3060 </dl>
3061 </dl>
3062 <p>
3063 </p>
3064 <h2><a name="oceania">Oceania</a></h2>
3065 <dl>
3066 <dt><strong><a name="item_australia">Australia</a></strong>
3067
3068 <dd>
3069 <pre>
3070                       <a href="http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/">http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/</a>
3071                       <a href="ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/</a>
3072                       <a href="ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/">ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/</a>
3073                       <a href="ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/">ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/</a>
3074                       <a href="http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au">http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au</a></pre>
3075 </dd>
3076 <dt><strong><a name="item_new_zealand">New Zealand</a></strong>
3077
3078 <dd>
3079 <pre>
3080                       <a href="ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/</a></pre>
3081 </dd>
3082 <dt><strong>United States</strong>
3083
3084 <dd>
3085 <pre>
3086                       <a href="http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/">http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/</a>
3087                       <a href="ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/">ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/</a></pre>
3088 </dd>
3089 </dl>
3090 <p>
3091 </p>
3092 <h2><a name="south_america">South America</a></h2>
3093 <dl>
3094 <dt><strong><a name="item_argentina">Argentina</a></strong>
3095
3096 <dd>
3097 <pre>
3098                       <a href="ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/">ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/</a>
3099                       <a href="http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan">http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan</a>
3100                       <a href="ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan">ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan</a></pre>
3101 </dd>
3102 <dt><strong><a name="item_brazil">Brazil</a></strong>
3103
3104 <dd>
3105 <pre>
3106                       <a href="ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/">ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/</a>
3107                       <a href="ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/">ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/</a>
3108                       <a href="http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/">http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/</a>
3109                       <a href="ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/">ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/</a></pre>
3110 </dd>
3111 <dt><strong><a name="item_chile">Chile</a></strong>
3112
3113 <dd>
3114 <pre>
3115                       <a href="http://cpan.netglobalis.net/">http://cpan.netglobalis.net/</a>
3116                       <a href="ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/">ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/</a></pre>
3117 </dd>
3118 </dl>
3119 <p>
3120 </p>
3121 <h2><a name="rsync_mirrors">RSYNC Mirrors</a></h2>
3122 <pre>
3123                       www.linux.org.ar::cpan
3124                       theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
3125                       ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN
3126                       rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
3127                       ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN
3128                       mir1.ovh.net::CPAN
3129                       rsync://ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN
3130                       ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
3131                       ftp.leo.org::CPAN
3132                       ftp.cbn.net.id::CPAN
3133                       rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
3134                       ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN
3135                       gusp.dyndns.org::cpan
3136                       ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan
3137                       ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/
3138                       mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN
3139                       rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN
3140                       mirror.averse.net::cpan
3141                       rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
3142                       ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN
3143                       ftp.solnet.ch::CPAN
3144                       cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN
3145                       cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
3146                       rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
3147                       ftp.sedl.org::cpan
3148                       ibiblio.org::CPAN
3149                       cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN
3150                       aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN
3151                       archive.progeny.com::CPAN
3152                       rsync://slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN
3153                       mirror.aphix.com::CPAN
3154                       cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
3155                       ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan
3156                       mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
3157                       mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN
3158                       cpan.pair.com::CPAN
3159                       cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN
3160                       mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN
3161                       csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN</pre>
3162 <p>For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
3163 see <a href="http://www.cpan.org/SITES">http://www.cpan.org/SITES</a> or <a href="ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES">ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES</a> .</p>
3164 <p>
3165 </p>
3166 <hr />
3167 <h1><a name="modules__creation__use__and_abuse">Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse</a></h1>
3168 <p>(The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
3169 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)</p>
3170 <p>Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
3171 package doesn't imply the presence of a class.  A package is just a
3172 namespace.  A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
3173 used as methods.  A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
3174 first argument, either the name of a package (for ``static'' methods),
3175 or a reference to something (for ``virtual'' methods).</p>
3176 <p>A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
3177 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
3178 called to fetch exported symbols.  This module may implement some of
3179 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
3180 totally transparent to the user of the module.  Likewise, the module
3181 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
3182 demand, but this is also transparent.  Only the <em>.pm</em> file is required to
3183 exist.  See <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlsub.html">the perlsub manpage</a>, <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perltoot.html">the perltoot manpage</a>, and <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/lib/AutoLoader.html">the AutoLoader manpage</a> for details about
3184 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.</p>
3185 <p>
3186 </p>
3187 <h2><a name="guidelines_for_module_creation">Guidelines for Module Creation</a></h2>
3188 <ul>
3189 <li>
3190 <p>Do similar modules already exist in some form?</p>
3191 <p>If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
3192 by inheriting useful features into a new class.  If this is not
3193 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
3194 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
3195 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
3196 with command line options.</p>
3197 <p>If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
3198 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package.  It
3199 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
3200 scheme as the original author.</p>
3201 </li>
3202 <li>
3203 <p>Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.</p>
3204 <p>Try to <code>use warnings;</code> (or <code>use warnings qw(...);</code>).
3205 Remember that you can add <code>no warnings qw(...);</code> to individual blocks
3206 of code that need less warnings.</p>
3207 <p>Use blessed references.  Use the two argument form of bless to bless
3208 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
3209 e.g.,:</p>
3210 <pre>
3211  sub new {
3212      my $class = shift;
3213      return bless {}, $class;
3214  }</pre>
3215 <p>or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
3216 or a virtual method.</p>
3217 <pre>
3218  sub new {
3219      my $self  = shift;
3220      my $class = ref($self) || $self;
3221      return bless {}, $class;
3222  }</pre>
3223 <p>Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
3224 (it's also faster).  Convert functions into methods where
3225 appropriate.  Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
3226 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.</p>
3227 <p>Avoid class name tests like: <code>die &quot;Invalid&quot; unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'</code>.
3228 Generally you can delete the <code>eq 'FOO'</code> part with no harm at all.
3229 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
3230 class names as far as possible.</p>
3231 <p>Avoid <code>$r-&gt;Class::func()</code> where using <code>@ISA=qw(... Class ...)</code> and
3232 <code>$r-&gt;func()</code> would work (see <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlbot.html">the perlbot manpage</a> for more details).</p>
3233 <p>Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
3234 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
3235 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:</p>
3236 <pre>
3237  eval join('',&lt;main::DATA&gt;) || die $@ unless caller();</pre>
3238 <p>Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
3239 <code>@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);</code> your applications should be able
3240 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS.  For example,
3241 does your application still work if you change:  <code>$obj = new YOURCLASS;</code>
3242 into: <code>$obj = new SUBCLASS;</code> ?</p>
3243 <p>Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
3244 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
3245 information in objects.</p>
3246 <p>Always use <strong>-w</strong>.</p>
3247 <p>Try to <code>use strict;</code> (or <code>use strict qw(...);</code>).
3248 Remember that you can add <code>no strict qw(...);</code> to individual blocks
3249 of code that need less strictness.</p>
3250 <p>Always use <strong>-w</strong>.</p>
3251 <p>Follow the guidelines in the <code>perlstyle(1)</code> manual.</p>
3252 <p>Always use <strong>-w</strong>.</p>
3253 </li>
3254 <li>
3255 <p>Some simple style guidelines</p>
3256 <p>The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.</p>
3257 <p>Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
3258 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
3259 maintain good code.  Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
3260 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:</p>
3261 <p>Use underscores to separate words.  It is generally easier to read
3262 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
3263 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
3264 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.</p>
3265 <p>Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
3266 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
3267 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
3268 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).</p>
3269 <p>You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
3270 or nature of a variable. For example:</p>
3271 <pre>
3272  $ALL_CAPS_HERE   constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
3273  $Some_Caps_Here  package-wide global/static
3274  $no_caps_here    function scope my() or local() variables</pre>
3275 <p>Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
3276 e.g., <code>$obj-&gt;as_string()</code>.</p>
3277 <p>You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
3278 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.</p>
3279 </li>
3280 <li>
3281 <p>Select what to export.</p>
3282 <p>Do NOT export method names!</p>
3283 <p>Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!</p>
3284 <p>Exports pollute the namespace of the module user.  If you must
3285 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
3286 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.</p>
3287 <p>Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
3288 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or <code>$blessed_ref-&gt;method</code>)
3289 syntax.  By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
3290 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.</p>
3291 <p>(It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
3292 <code>my $subref = sub { ... };  &amp;$subref;</code>.  But there's no way to call that
3293 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
3294 table.)</p>
3295 <p>As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
3296 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
3297 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.</p>
3298 </li>
3299 <li>
3300 <p>Select a name for the module.</p>
3301 <p>This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
3302 possible.  Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
3303 more whole words.  Generally the name should reflect what is special
3304 about what the module does rather than how it does it.  Please use
3305 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
3306 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
3307 Module names should begin with a capital letter.</p>
3308 <p>Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
3309 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
3310 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
3311 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.</p>
3312 <p>If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
3313 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
3314 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
3315 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.</p>
3316 <p>If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
3317 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
3318 those modules.</p>
3319 <p>If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
3320 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
3321 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
3322 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
3323 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.</p>
3324 <p>To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
3325 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
3326 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.</p>
3327 </li>
3328 <li>
3329 <p>Have you got it right?</p>
3330 <p>How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
3331 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
3332 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?</p>
3333 <p>The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
3334 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
3335 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.</p>
3336 <p>All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
3337 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
3338 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
3339 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)</p>
3340 <p>Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
3341 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
3342 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!</p>
3343 </li>
3344 <li>
3345 <p>README and other Additional Files.</p>
3346 <p>It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
3347 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
3348 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
3349 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:</p>
3350 <ul>
3351 <li>
3352 <p>A description of the module/package/extension etc.</p>
3353 </li>
3354 <li>
3355 <p>A copyright notice - see below.</p>
3356 </li>
3357 <li>
3358 <p>Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.</p>
3359 </li>
3360 <li>
3361 <p>How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.</p>
3362 </li>
3363 <li>
3364 <p>How to install it.</p>
3365 </li>
3366 <li>
3367 <p>Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities</p>
3368 </li>
3369 <li>
3370 <p>Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.</p>
3371 </li>
3372 </ul>
3373 <p>If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
3374 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
3375 Copying, ToDo etc.</p>
3376 <ul>
3377 <li>
3378 <p>Adding a Copyright Notice.</p>
3379 <p>How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
3380 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
3381 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.</p>
3382 <p>Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL
3383 and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic,
3384 or <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlgpl.html">the perlgpl manpage</a> and <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/pod/perlartistic.html">the perlartistic manpage</a>).  Larry has good reasons for NOT
3385 just using the GNU GPL.</p>
3386 <p>My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
3387 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:</p>
3388 <pre>
3389  Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
3390  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
3391  modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.</pre>
3392 <p>This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
3393 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
3394 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.</p>
3395 </li>
3396 <li>
3397 <p>Give the module a version/issue/release number.</p>
3398 <p>To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
3399 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
3400 variable called $VERSION.  This should be a floating point
3401 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
3402 e.g, <code>$VERSION = &quot;0.01&quot;</code>).  Don't use a ``1.3.2'' style version.
3403 See <a href="file://C|\msysgit\mingw\html/lib/Exporter.html">the Exporter manpage</a> for details.</p>
3404 <p>It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
3405 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
3406 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
3407 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.</p>
3408 </li>
3409 <li>
3410 <p>How to release and distribute a module.</p>
3411 <p>It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
3412 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
3413 Usenet newsgroup.  This will at least ensure very wide once-off
3414 distribution.</p>
3415 <p>If possible, register the module with CPAN.  You should
3416 include details of its location in your announcement.</p>
3417 <p>Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
3418 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
3419 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
3420 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
3421 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
3422 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
3423 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
3424 location.</p>
3425 <p>FTP Archives for Perl Modules:</p>
3426 <p>Follow the instructions and links on:</p>
3427 <pre>
3428    <a href="http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html">http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html</a>
3429    <a href="http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html">http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html</a></pre>
3430 <p>or upload to one of these sites:</p>
3431 <pre>
3432    https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
3433    <a href="http://pause.perl.org/pause/">http://pause.perl.org/pause/</a></pre>
3434 <p>and notify &lt;<a href="mailto:modules@perl.org">modules@perl.org</a>&gt;.</p>
3435 <p>By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
3436 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
3437 CPAN!</p>
3438 <p>Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!</p>
3439 </li>
3440 <li>
3441 <p>Take care when changing a released module.</p>
3442 <p>Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
3443 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
3444 old behavior if people rely on it.  Document incompatible changes.</p>
3445 </li>
3446 </ul>
3447 </ul>
3448 <p>
3449 </p>
3450 <h2><a name="guidelines_for_converting_perl_4_library_scripts_into_modules">Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules</a></h2>
3451 <ul>
3452 <li>
3453 <p>There is no requirement to convert anything.</p>
3454 <p>If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
3455 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
3456 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
3457 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.</p>
3458 </li>
3459 <li>
3460 <p>Consider the implications.</p>
3461 <p>All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
3462 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module.  Is
3463 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?</p>
3464 </li>
3465 <li>
3466 <p>Make the most of the opportunity.</p>
3467 <p>If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
3468 opportunity to redesign the interface.  The guidelines for module
3469 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.</p>
3470 </li>
3471 <li>
3472 <p>The pl2pm utility will get you started.</p>
3473 <p>This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
3474 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:</p>
3475 <ul>
3476 <li>
3477 <p>Adds the standard Module prologue lines</p>
3478 </li>
3479 <li>
3480 <p>Converts package specifiers from ' to ::</p>
3481 </li>
3482 <li>
3483 <p>Converts <code>die(...)</code> to <code>croak(...)</code></p>
3484 </li>
3485 <li>
3486 <p>Several other minor changes</p>
3487 </li>
3488 </ul>
3489 <p>Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
3490 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
3491 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!</p>
3492 </ul>
3493 <p>
3494 </p>
3495 <h2><a name="guidelines_for_reusing_application_code">Guidelines for Reusing Application Code</a></h2>
3496 <ul>
3497 <li>
3498 <p>Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.</p>
3499 </li>
3500 <li>
3501 <p>Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.</p>
3502 <p>Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
3503 to reuse.</p>
3504 </li>
3505 <li>
3506 <p>Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.</p>
3507 </li>
3508 <li>
3509 <p>Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.</p>
3510 </li>
3511 <li>
3512 <p>In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small</p>
3513 <p>fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
3514 the application could invoked as:</p>
3515 <pre>
3516      % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
3517 or
3518      % perl -mModule::Name ...    (in perl5.002 or higher)</pre>
3519 </li>
3520 </ul>
3521 <p>
3522 </p>
3523 <hr />
3524 <h1><a name="note">NOTE</a></h1>
3525 <p>Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
3526 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17.  Perl
3527 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy.  It would prefer
3528 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
3529 because it has a shotgun.</p>
3530 <p>The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
3531 and part of which is ``written''.  Part of the common law contract is
3532 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to.  The
3533 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
3534 provisions.  But then you know when you <code>use RedefineTheWorld</code> that
3535 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.</p>
3536 <table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3">
3537 <tr><td class="block" style="background-color: #cccccc" valign="middle">
3538 <big><strong><span class="block">&nbsp;perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones</span></strong></big>
3539 </td></tr>
3540 </table>
3541
3542 </body>
3543
3544 </html>