lib/perl5/5.8.8/Pod/Usage.pm

   1 #############################################################################
   2 # Pod/Usage.pm -- print usage messages for the running script.
   3 #
   4 # Copyright (C) 1996-2000 by Bradford Appleton. All rights reserved.
   5 # This file is part of "PodParser". PodParser is free software;
   6 # you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
   7 # as Perl itself.
   8 #############################################################################
   9
  10 package Pod::Usage;
  11
  12 use vars qw($VERSION);
  13 $VERSION = 1.33;  ## Current version of this package
  14 require  5.005;    ## requires this Perl version or later
  15
  16 =head1 NAME
  17
  18 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
  19
  20 =head1 SYNOPSIS
  21
  22   use Pod::Usage
  23
  24   my $message_text  = "This text precedes the usage message.";
  25   my $exit_status   = 2;          ## The exit status to use
  26   my $verbose_level = 0;          ## The verbose level to use
  27   my $filehandle    = \*STDERR;   ## The filehandle to write to
  28
  29   pod2usage($message_text);
  30
  31   pod2usage($exit_status);
  32
  33   pod2usage( { -message => $message_text ,
  34                -exitval => $exit_status  ,
  35                -verbose => $verbose_level,
  36                -output  => $filehandle } );
  37
  38   pod2usage(   -msg     => $message_text ,
  39                -exitval => $exit_status  ,
  40                -verbose => $verbose_level,
  41                -output  => $filehandle   );
  42
  43   pod2usage(   -verbose => 2,
  44                -noperldoc => 1  )
  45
  46 =head1 ARGUMENTS
  47
  48 B<pod2usage> should be given either a single argument, or a list of
  49 arguments corresponding to an associative array (a "hash"). When a single
  50 argument is given, it should correspond to exactly one of the following:
  51
  52 =over 4
  53
  54 =item *
  55
  56 A string containing the text of a message to print I<before> printing
  57 the usage message
  58
  59 =item *
  60
  61 A numeric value corresponding to the desired exit status
  62
  63 =item *
  64
  65 A reference to a hash
  66
  67 =back
  68
  69 If more than one argument is given then the entire argument list is
  70 assumed to be a hash.  If a hash is supplied (either as a reference or
  71 as a list) it should contain one or more elements with the following
  72 keys:
  73
  74 =over 4
  75
  76 =item C<-message>
  77
  78 =item C<-msg>
  79
  80 The text of a message to print immediately prior to printing the
  81 program's usage message.
  82
  83 =item C<-exitval>
  84
  85 The desired exit status to pass to the B<exit()> function.
  86 This should be an integer, or else the string "NOEXIT" to
  87 indicate that control should simply be returned without
  88 terminating the invoking process.
  89
  90 =item C<-verbose>
  91
  92 The desired level of "verboseness" to use when printing the usage
  93 message. If the corresponding value is 0, then only the "SYNOPSIS"
  94 section of the pod documentation is printed. If the corresponding value
  95 is 1, then the "SYNOPSIS" section, along with any section entitled
  96 "OPTIONS", "ARGUMENTS", or "OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS" is printed.  If the
  97 corresponding value is 2 or more then the entire manpage is printed.
  98
  99 The special verbosity level 99 requires to also specify the -section
 100 parameter; then these sections are extracted (see L<Pod::Select>)
 101 and printed.
 102
 103 =item C<-section>
 104
 105 A string representing a selection list for sections to be printed
 106 when -verbose is set to 99, e.g. C<"NAME|SYNOPSIS|DESCRIPTION|VERSION">.
 107
 108 =item C<-output>
 109
 110 A reference to a filehandle, or the pathname of a file to which the
 111 usage message should be written. The default is C<\*STDERR> unless the
 112 exit value is less than 2 (in which case the default is C<\*STDOUT>).
 113
 114 =item C<-input>
 115
 116 A reference to a filehandle, or the pathname of a file from which the
 117 invoking script's pod documentation should be read.  It defaults to the
 118 file indicated by C<$0> (C<$PROGRAM_NAME> for users of F<English.pm>).
 119
 120 =item C<-pathlist>
 121
 122 A list of directory paths. If the input file does not exist, then it
 123 will be searched for in the given directory list (in the order the
 124 directories appear in the list). It defaults to the list of directories
 125 implied by C<$ENV{PATH}>. The list may be specified either by a reference
 126 to an array, or by a string of directory paths which use the same path
 127 separator as C<$ENV{PATH}> on your system (e.g., C<:> for Unix, C<;> for
 128 MSWin32 and DOS).
 129
 130 =item C<-noperldoc>
 131
 132 By default, Pod::Usage will call L<perldoc> when -verbose >= 2 is
 133 specified. This does not work well e.g. if the script was packed
 134 with L<PAR>. The -noperldoc option suppresses the external call to
 135 L<perldoc> and uses the simple text formatter (L<Pod::Text>) to
 136 output the POD.
 137
 138 =back
 139
 140 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 141
 142 B<pod2usage> will print a usage message for the invoking script (using
 143 its embedded pod documentation) and then exit the script with the
 144 desired exit status. The usage message printed may have any one of three
 145 levels of "verboseness": If the verbose level is 0, then only a synopsis
 146 is printed. If the verbose level is 1, then the synopsis is printed
 147 along with a description (if present) of the command line options and
 148 arguments. If the verbose level is 2, then the entire manual page is
 149 printed.
 150
 151 Unless they are explicitly specified, the default values for the exit
 152 status, verbose level, and output stream to use are determined as
 153 follows:
 154
 155 =over 4
 156
 157 =item *
 158
 159 If neither the exit status nor the verbose level is specified, then the
 160 default is to use an exit status of 2 with a verbose level of 0.
 161
 162 =item *
 163
 164 If an exit status I<is> specified but the verbose level is I<not>, then the
 165 verbose level will default to 1 if the exit status is less than 2 and
 166 will default to 0 otherwise.
 167
 168 =item *
 169
 170 If an exit status is I<not> specified but verbose level I<is> given, then
 171 the exit status will default to 2 if the verbose level is 0 and will
 172 default to 1 otherwise.
 173
 174 =item *
 175
 176 If the exit status used is less than 2, then output is printed on
 177 C<STDOUT>.  Otherwise output is printed on C<STDERR>.
 178
 179 =back
 180
 181 Although the above may seem a bit confusing at first, it generally does
 182 "the right thing" in most situations.  This determination of the default
 183 values to use is based upon the following typical Unix conventions:
 184
 185 =over 4
 186
 187 =item *
 188
 189 An exit status of 0 implies "success". For example, B<diff(1)> exits
 190 with a status of 0 if the two files have the same contents.
 191
 192 =item *
 193
 194 An exit status of 1 implies possibly abnormal, but non-defective, program
 195 termination.  For example, B<grep(1)> exits with a status of 1 if
 196 it did I<not> find a matching line for the given regular expression.
 197
 198 =item *
 199
 200 An exit status of 2 or more implies a fatal error. For example, B<ls(1)>
 201 exits with a status of 2 if you specify an illegal (unknown) option on
 202 the command line.
 203
 204 =item *
 205
 206 Usage messages issued as a result of bad command-line syntax should go
 207 to C<STDERR>.  However, usage messages issued due to an explicit request
 208 to print usage (like specifying B<-help> on the command line) should go
 209 to C<STDOUT>, just in case the user wants to pipe the output to a pager
 210 (such as B<more(1)>).
 211
 212 =item *
 213
 214 If program usage has been explicitly requested by the user, it is often
 215 desireable to exit with a status of 1 (as opposed to 0) after issuing
 216 the user-requested usage message.  It is also desireable to give a
 217 more verbose description of program usage in this case.
 218
 219 =back
 220
 221 B<pod2usage> doesn't force the above conventions upon you, but it will
 222 use them by default if you don't expressly tell it to do otherwise.  The
 223 ability of B<pod2usage()> to accept a single number or a string makes it
 224 convenient to use as an innocent looking error message handling function:
 225
 226     use Pod::Usage;
 227     use Getopt::Long;
 228
 229     ## Parse options
 230     GetOptions("help", "man", "flag1")  ||  pod2usage(2);
 231     pod2usage(1)  if ($opt_help);
 232     pod2usage(-verbose => 2)  if ($opt_man);
 233
 234     ## Check for too many filenames
 235     pod2usage("$0: Too many files given.\n")  if (@ARGV > 1);
 236
 237 Some user's however may feel that the above "economy of expression" is
 238 not particularly readable nor consistent and may instead choose to do
 239 something more like the following:
 240
 241     use Pod::Usage;
 242     use Getopt::Long;
 243
 244     ## Parse options
 245     GetOptions("help", "man", "flag1")  ||  pod2usage(-verbose => 0);
 246     pod2usage(-verbose => 1)  if ($opt_help);
 247     pod2usage(-verbose => 2)  if ($opt_man);
 248
 249     ## Check for too many filenames
 250     pod2usage(-verbose => 2, -message => "$0: Too many files given.\n")
 251         if (@ARGV > 1);
 252
 253 As with all things in Perl, I<there's more than one way to do it>, and
 254 B<pod2usage()> adheres to this philosophy.  If you are interested in
 255 seeing a number of different ways to invoke B<pod2usage> (although by no
 256 means exhaustive), please refer to L<"EXAMPLES">.
 257
 258 =head1 EXAMPLES
 259
 260 Each of the following invocations of C<pod2usage()> will print just the
 261 "SYNOPSIS" section to C<STDERR> and will exit with a status of 2:
 262
 263     pod2usage();
 264
 265     pod2usage(2);
 266
 267     pod2usage(-verbose => 0);
 268
 269     pod2usage(-exitval => 2);
 270
 271     pod2usage({-exitval => 2, -output => \*STDERR});
 272
 273     pod2usage({-verbose => 0, -output  => \*STDERR});
 274
 275     pod2usage(-exitval => 2, -verbose => 0);
 276
 277     pod2usage(-exitval => 2, -verbose => 0, -output => \*STDERR);
 278
 279 Each of the following invocations of C<pod2usage()> will print a message
 280 of "Syntax error." (followed by a newline) to C<STDERR>, immediately
 281 followed by just the "SYNOPSIS" section (also printed to C<STDERR>) and
 282 will exit with a status of 2:
 283
 284     pod2usage("Syntax error.");
 285
 286     pod2usage(-message => "Syntax error.", -verbose => 0);
 287
 288     pod2usage(-msg  => "Syntax error.", -exitval => 2);
 289
 290     pod2usage({-msg => "Syntax error.", -exitval => 2, -output => \*STDERR});
 291
 292     pod2usage({-msg => "Syntax error.", -verbose => 0, -output => \*STDERR});
 293
 294     pod2usage(-msg  => "Syntax error.", -exitval => 2, -verbose => 0);
 295
 296     pod2usage(-message => "Syntax error.",
 297               -exitval => 2,
 298               -verbose => 0,
 299               -output  => \*STDERR);
 300
 301 Each of the following invocations of C<pod2usage()> will print the
 302 "SYNOPSIS" section and any "OPTIONS" and/or "ARGUMENTS" sections to
 303 C<STDOUT> and will exit with a status of 1:
 304
 305     pod2usage(1);
 306
 307     pod2usage(-verbose => 1);
 308
 309     pod2usage(-exitval => 1);
 310
 311     pod2usage({-exitval => 1, -output => \*STDOUT});
 312
 313     pod2usage({-verbose => 1, -output => \*STDOUT});
 314
 315     pod2usage(-exitval => 1, -verbose => 1);
 316
 317     pod2usage(-exitval => 1, -verbose => 1, -output => \*STDOUT});
 318
 319 Each of the following invocations of C<pod2usage()> will print the
 320 entire manual page to C<STDOUT> and will exit with a status of 1:
 321
 322     pod2usage(-verbose  => 2);
 323
 324     pod2usage({-verbose => 2, -output => \*STDOUT});
 325
 326     pod2usage(-exitval  => 1, -verbose => 2);
 327
 328     pod2usage({-exitval => 1, -verbose => 2, -output => \*STDOUT});
 329
 330 =head2 Recommended Use
 331
 332 Most scripts should print some type of usage message to C<STDERR> when a
 333 command line syntax error is detected. They should also provide an
 334 option (usually C<-H> or C<-help>) to print a (possibly more verbose)
 335 usage message to C<STDOUT>. Some scripts may even wish to go so far as to
 336 provide a means of printing their complete documentation to C<STDOUT>
 337 (perhaps by allowing a C<-man> option). The following complete example
 338 uses B<Pod::Usage> in combination with B<Getopt::Long> to do all of these
 339 things:
 340
 341     use Getopt::Long;
 342     use Pod::Usage;
 343
 344     my $man = 0;
 345     my $help = 0;
 346     ## Parse options and print usage if there is a syntax error,
 347     ## or if usage was explicitly requested.
 348     GetOptions('help|?' => \$help, man => \$man) or pod2usage(2);
 349     pod2usage(1) if $help;
 350     pod2usage(-verbose => 2) if $man;
 351
 352     ## If no arguments were given, then allow STDIN to be used only
 353     ## if it's not connected to a terminal (otherwise print usage)
 354     pod2usage("$0: No files given.")  if ((@ARGV == 0) && (-t STDIN));
 355     __END__
 356
 357     =head1 NAME
 358
 359     sample - Using GetOpt::Long and Pod::Usage
 360
 361     =head1 SYNOPSIS
 362
 363     sample [options] [file ...]
 364
 365      Options:
 366        -help            brief help message
 367        -man             full documentation
 368
 369     =head1 OPTIONS
 370
 371     =over 8
 372
 373     =item B<-help>
 374
 375     Print a brief help message and exits.
 376
 377     =item B<-man>
 378
 379     Prints the manual page and exits.
 380
 381     =back
 382
 383     =head1 DESCRIPTION
 384
 385     B<This program> will read the given input file(s) and do something
 386     useful with the contents thereof.
 387
 388     =cut
 389
 390 =head1 CAVEATS
 391
 392 By default, B<pod2usage()> will use C<$0> as the path to the pod input
 393 file.  Unfortunately, not all systems on which Perl runs will set C<$0>
 394 properly (although if C<$0> isn't found, B<pod2usage()> will search
 395 C<$ENV{PATH}> or else the list specified by the C<-pathlist> option).
 396 If this is the case for your system, you may need to explicitly specify
 397 the path to the pod docs for the invoking script using something
 398 similar to the following:
 399
 400     pod2usage(-exitval => 2, -input => "/path/to/your/pod/docs");
 401
 402 In the pathological case that a script is called via a relative path
 403 I<and> the script itself changes the current working directory
 404 (see L<perlfunc/chdir>) I<before> calling pod2usage, Pod::Usage will
 405 fail even on robust platforms. Don't do that.
 406
 407 =head1 AUTHOR
 408
 409 Please report bugs using L<http://rt.cpan.org>.
 410
 411 Brad Appleton E<lt>bradapp@enteract.comE<gt>
 412
 413 Based on code for B<Pod::Text::pod2text()> written by
 414 Tom Christiansen E<lt>tchrist@mox.perl.comE<gt>
 415
 416 =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
 417
 418 Steven McDougall E<lt>swmcd@world.std.comE<gt> for his help and patience
 419 with re-writing this manpage.
 420
 421 =cut
 422
 423 #############################################################################
 424
 425 use strict;
 426 #use diagnostics;
 427 use Carp;
 428 use Config;
 429 use Exporter;
 430 use File::Spec;
 431
 432 use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT);
 433 @EXPORT = qw(&pod2usage);
 434 BEGIN {
 435     if ( $] >= 5.005_58 ) {
 436        require Pod::Text;
 437        @ISA = qw( Pod::Text );
 438     }
 439     else {
 440        require Pod::PlainText;
 441        @ISA = qw( Pod::PlainText );
 442     }
 443 }
 444
 445
 446 ##---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 447
 448 ##---------------------------------
 449 ## Function definitions begin here
 450 ##---------------------------------
 451
 452 sub pod2usage {
 453     local($_) = shift;
 454     my %opts;
 455     ## Collect arguments
 456     if (@_ > 0) {
 457         ## Too many arguments - assume that this is a hash and
 458         ## the user forgot to pass a reference to it.
 459         %opts = ($_, @_);
 460     }
 461     elsif (!defined $_) {
 462       $_ = "";
 463     }
 464     elsif (ref $_) {
 465         ## User passed a ref to a hash
 466         %opts = %{$_}  if (ref($_) eq 'HASH');
 467     }
 468     elsif (/^[-+]?\d+$/) {
 469         ## User passed in the exit value to use
 470         $opts{"-exitval"} =  $_;
 471     }
 472     else {
 473         ## User passed in a message to print before issuing usage.
 474         $_  and  $opts{"-message"} = $_;
 475     }
 476
 477     ## Need this for backward compatibility since we formerly used
 478     ## options that were all uppercase words rather than ones that
 479     ## looked like Unix command-line options.
 480     ## to be uppercase keywords)
 481     %opts = map {
 482         my $val = $opts{$_};
 483         s/^(?=\w)/-/;
 484         /^-msg/i   and  $_ = '-message';
 485         /^-exit/i  and  $_ = '-exitval';
 486         lc($_) => $val;
 487     } (keys %opts);
 488
 489     ## Now determine default -exitval and -verbose values to use
 490     if ((! defined $opts{"-exitval"}) && (! defined $opts{"-verbose"})) {
 491         $opts{"-exitval"} = 2;
 492         $opts{"-verbose"} = 0;
 493     }
 494     elsif (! defined $opts{"-exitval"}) {
 495         $opts{"-exitval"} = ($opts{"-verbose"} > 0) ? 1 : 2;
 496     }
 497     elsif (! defined $opts{"-verbose"}) {
 498         $opts{"-verbose"} = (lc($opts{"-exitval"}) eq "noexit" ||
 499                              $opts{"-exitval"} < 2);
 500     }
 501
 502     ## Default the output file
 503     $opts{"-output"} = (lc($opts{"-exitval"}) eq "noexit" ||
 504                         $opts{"-exitval"} < 2) ? \*STDOUT : \*STDERR
 505             unless (defined $opts{"-output"});
 506     ## Default the input file
 507     $opts{"-input"} = $0  unless (defined $opts{"-input"});
 508
 509     ## Look up input file in path if it doesnt exist.
 510     unless ((ref $opts{"-input"}) || (-e $opts{"-input"})) {
 511         my ($dirname, $basename) = ('', $opts{"-input"});
 512         my $pathsep = ($^O =~ /^(?:dos|os2|MSWin32)$/) ? ";"
 513                             : (($^O eq 'MacOS' || $^O eq 'VMS') ? ',' :  ":");
 514         my $pathspec = $opts{"-pathlist"} || $ENV{PATH} || $ENV{PERL5LIB};
 515
 516         my @paths = (ref $pathspec) ? @$pathspec : split($pathsep, $pathspec);
 517         for $dirname (@paths) {
 518             $_ = File::Spec->catfile($dirname, $basename)  if length;
 519             last if (-e $_) && ($opts{"-input"} = $_);
 520         }
 521     }
 522
 523     ## Now create a pod reader and constrain it to the desired sections.
 524     my $parser = new Pod::Usage(USAGE_OPTIONS => \%opts);
 525     if ($opts{"-verbose"} == 0) {
 526         $parser->select('SYNOPSIS\s*');
 527     }
 528     elsif ($opts{"-verbose"} == 1) {
 529         my $opt_re = '(?i)' .
 530                      '(?:OPTIONS|ARGUMENTS)' .
 531                      '(?:\s*(?:AND|\/)\s*(?:OPTIONS|ARGUMENTS))?';
 532         $parser->select( 'SYNOPSIS', $opt_re, "DESCRIPTION/$opt_re" );
 533     }
 534     elsif ($opts{"-verbose"} == 99) {
 535         $parser->select( $opts{"-sections"} );
 536         $opts{"-verbose"} = 1;
 537     }
 538
 539     ## Now translate the pod document and then exit with the desired status
 540     if ( !$opts{"-noperldoc"}
 541              and  $opts{"-verbose"} >= 2
 542              and  !ref($opts{"-input"})
 543              and  $opts{"-output"} == \*STDOUT )
 544     {
 545        ## spit out the entire PODs. Might as well invoke perldoc
 546        my $progpath = File::Spec->catfile($Config{scriptdir}, "perldoc");
 547        system($progpath, $opts{"-input"});
 548     }
 549     else {
 550        $parser->parse_from_file($opts{"-input"}, $opts{"-output"});
 551     }
 552
 553     exit($opts{"-exitval"})  unless (lc($opts{"-exitval"}) eq 'noexit');
 554 }
 555
 556 ##---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 557
 558 ##-------------------------------
 559 ## Method definitions begin here
 560 ##-------------------------------
 561
 562 sub new {
 563     my $this = shift;
 564     my $class = ref($this) || $this;
 565     my %params = @_;
 566     my $self = {%params};
 567     bless $self, $class;
 568     if ($self->can('initialize')) {
 569         $self->initialize();
 570     } else {
 571         $self = $self->SUPER::new();
 572         %$self = (%$self, %params);
 573     }
 574     return $self;
 575 }
 576
 577 sub select {
 578     my ($self, @res) = @_;
 579     if ($ISA[0]->can('select')) {
 580         $self->SUPER::select(@_);
 581     } else {
 582         $self->{USAGE_SELECT} = \@res;
 583     }
 584 }
 585
 586 # Override Pod::Text->seq_i to return just "arg", not "*arg*".
 587 sub seq_i { return $_[1] }
 588
 589 # This overrides the Pod::Text method to do something very akin to what
 590 # Pod::Select did as well as the work done below by preprocess_paragraph.
 591 # Note that the below is very, very specific to Pod::Text.
 592 sub _handle_element_end {
 593     my ($self, $element) = @_;
 594     if ($element eq 'head1') {
 595         $$self{USAGE_HEAD1} = $$self{PENDING}[-1][1];
 596         $$self{PENDING}[-1][1] =~ s/^\s*SYNOPSIS\s*$/USAGE/;
 597     } elsif ($element eq 'head2') {
 598         $$self{USAGE_HEAD2} = $$self{PENDING}[-1][1];
 599     }
 600     if ($element eq 'head1' || $element eq 'head2') {
 601         $$self{USAGE_SKIPPING} = 1;
 602         my $heading = $$self{USAGE_HEAD1};
 603         $heading .= '/' . $$self{USAGE_HEAD2} if defined $$self{USAGE_HEAD2};
 604         for (@{ $$self{USAGE_SELECT} }) {
 605             if ($heading =~ /^$_\s*$/) {
 606                 $$self{USAGE_SKIPPING} = 0;
 607                 last;
 608             }
 609         }
 610
 611         # Try to do some lowercasing instead of all-caps in headings, and use
 612         # a colon to end all headings.
 613         local $_ = $$self{PENDING}[-1][1];
 614         s{([A-Z])([A-Z]+)}{((length($2) > 2) ? $1 : lc($1)) . lc($2)}ge;
 615         s/\s*$/:/  unless (/:\s*$/);
 616         $_ .= "\n";
 617         $$self{PENDING}[-1][1] = $_;
 618     }
 619     if ($$self{USAGE_SKIPPING}) {
 620         pop @{ $$self{PENDING} };
 621     } else {
 622         $self->SUPER::_handle_element_end($element);
 623     }
 624 }
 625
 626 sub start_document {
 627     my $self = shift;
 628     $self->SUPER::start_document();
 629     my $msg = $self->{USAGE_OPTIONS}->{-message}  or  return 1;
 630     my $out_fh = $self->output_fh();
 631     print $out_fh "$msg\n";
 632 }
 633
 634 sub begin_pod {
 635     my $self = shift;
 636     $self->SUPER::begin_pod();  ## Have to call superclass
 637     my $msg = $self->{USAGE_OPTIONS}->{-message}  or  return 1;
 638     my $out_fh = $self->output_handle();
 639     print $out_fh "$msg\n";
 640 }
 641
 642 sub preprocess_paragraph {
 643     my $self = shift;
 644     local $_ = shift;
 645     my $line = shift;
 646     ## See if this is a heading and we arent printing the entire manpage.
 647     if (($self->{USAGE_OPTIONS}->{-verbose} < 2) && /^=head/) {
 648         ## Change the title of the SYNOPSIS section to USAGE
 649         s/^=head1\s+SYNOPSIS\s*$/=head1 USAGE/;
 650         ## Try to do some lowercasing instead of all-caps in headings
 651         s{([A-Z])([A-Z]+)}{((length($2) > 2) ? $1 : lc($1)) . lc($2)}ge;
 652         ## Use a colon to end all headings
 653         s/\s*$/:/  unless (/:\s*$/);
 654         $_ .= "\n";
 655     }
 656     return  $self->SUPER::preprocess_paragraph($_);
 657 }
 658
 659 1; # keep require happy