Replace magic numbers (for subpixel accuracy masking) with a define.

[mplayer/glamo.git] / libass / ass_render.c

// -*- c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: t -*-
// vim:ts=8:sw=8:noet:ai:
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2006 Evgeniy Stepanov <eugeni.stepanov@gmail.com>
 *
 * This file is part of libass.
 *
 * libass is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * libass is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 * with libass; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 */

#include "config.h"

#include <assert.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <ft2build.h>
#include FT_FREETYPE_H
#include FT_STROKER_H
#include FT_GLYPH_H
#include FT_SYNTHESIS_H

#include "mputils.h"

#include "ass.h"
#include "ass_font.h"
#include "ass_bitmap.h"
#include "ass_cache.h"
#include "ass_utils.h"
#include "ass_fontconfig.h"
#include "ass_library.h"

#define MAX_GLYPHS 3000
#define MAX_LINES 300
#define BLUR_MAX_RADIUS 50.0
#define ROUND(x) ((int) ((x) + .5))
#define SUBPIXEL_MASK 56        // d6 bitmask for subpixel accuracy adjustment

static int last_render_id = 0;

typedef struct ass_settings_s {
        int frame_width;
        int frame_height;
        double font_size_coeff; // font size multiplier
        double line_spacing; // additional line spacing (in frame pixels)
        int top_margin; // height of top margin. Everything except toptitles is shifted down by top_margin.
        int bottom_margin; // height of bottom margin. (frame_height - top_margin - bottom_margin) is original video height.
        int left_margin;
        int right_margin;
        int use_margins; // 0 - place all subtitles inside original frame
                         // 1 - use margins for placing toptitles and subtitles
        double aspect; // frame aspect ratio, d_width / d_height.
        ass_hinting_t hinting;

        char* default_font;
        char* default_family;
} ass_settings_t;

// a rendered event
typedef struct event_images_s {
        ass_image_t* imgs;
        int top, height;
        int detect_collisions;
        int shift_direction;
        ass_event_t* event;
} event_images_t;

struct ass_renderer_s {
        ass_library_t* library;
        FT_Library ftlibrary;
        fc_instance_t* fontconfig_priv;
        ass_settings_t settings;
        int render_id;
        ass_synth_priv_t* synth_priv;

        ass_image_t* images_root; // rendering result is stored here
        ass_image_t* prev_images_root;

        event_images_t* eimg; // temporary buffer for sorting rendered events
        int eimg_size; // allocated buffer size
};

typedef enum {EF_NONE = 0, EF_KARAOKE, EF_KARAOKE_KF, EF_KARAOKE_KO} effect_t;

// describes a glyph
// glyph_info_t and text_info_t are used for text centering and word-wrapping operations
typedef struct glyph_info_s {
        unsigned symbol;
        FT_Glyph glyph;
        FT_Glyph outline_glyph;
        bitmap_t* bm; // glyph bitmap
        bitmap_t* bm_o; // outline bitmap
        bitmap_t* bm_s; // shadow bitmap
        FT_BBox bbox;
        FT_Vector pos;
        char linebreak; // the first (leading) glyph of some line ?
        uint32_t c[4]; // colors
        FT_Vector advance; // 26.6
        effect_t effect_type;
        int effect_timing; // time duration of current karaoke word
                           // after process_karaoke_effects: distance in pixels from the glyph origin.
                           // part of the glyph to the left of it is displayed in a different color.
        int effect_skip_timing; // delay after the end of last karaoke word
        int asc, desc; // font max ascender and descender
//      int height;
        int be; // blur edges
        double blur; // gaussian blur
        double shadow;
        double frx, fry, frz; // rotation
        
        bitmap_hash_key_t hash_key;
} glyph_info_t;

typedef struct line_info_s {
        int asc, desc;
} line_info_t;

typedef struct text_info_s {
        glyph_info_t* glyphs;
        int length;
        line_info_t lines[MAX_LINES];
        int n_lines;
        int height;
} text_info_t;


// Renderer state.
// Values like current font face, color, screen position, clipping and so on are stored here.
typedef struct render_context_s {
        ass_event_t* event;
        ass_style_t* style;
        
        ass_font_t* font;
        char* font_path;
        double font_size;
        
        FT_Stroker stroker;
        int alignment; // alignment overrides go here; if zero, style value will be used
        double frx, fry, frz;
        enum {  EVENT_NORMAL, // "normal" top-, sub- or mid- title
                EVENT_POSITIONED, // happens after pos(,), margins are ignored
                EVENT_HSCROLL, // "Banner" transition effect, text_width is unlimited
                EVENT_VSCROLL // "Scroll up", "Scroll down" transition effects
                } evt_type;
        double pos_x, pos_y; // position
        double org_x, org_y; // origin
        char have_origin; // origin is explicitly defined; if 0, get_base_point() is used
        double scale_x, scale_y;
        double hspacing; // distance between letters, in pixels
        double border; // outline width
        uint32_t c[4]; // colors(Primary, Secondary, so on) in RGBA
        int clip_x0, clip_y0, clip_x1, clip_y1;
        char detect_collisions;
        uint32_t fade; // alpha from \fad
        char be; // blur edges
        double blur; // gaussian blur
        double shadow;
        int drawing_mode; // not implemented; when != 0 text is discarded, except for style override tags

        effect_t effect_type;
        int effect_timing;
        int effect_skip_timing;

        enum { SCROLL_LR, // left-to-right
               SCROLL_RL,
               SCROLL_TB, // top-to-bottom
               SCROLL_BT
               } scroll_direction; // for EVENT_HSCROLL, EVENT_VSCROLL
        int scroll_shift;

        // face properties
        char* family;
        unsigned bold;
        unsigned italic;
        
} render_context_t;

// frame-global data
typedef struct frame_context_s {
        ass_renderer_t* ass_priv;
        int width, height; // screen dimensions
        int orig_height; // frame height ( = screen height - margins )
        int orig_width; // frame width ( = screen width - margins )
        int orig_height_nocrop; // frame height ( = screen height - margins + cropheight)
        int orig_width_nocrop; // frame width ( = screen width - margins + cropwidth)
        ass_track_t* track;
        long long time; // frame's timestamp, ms
        double font_scale;
        double font_scale_x; // x scale applied to all glyphs to preserve text aspect ratio
        double border_scale;
} frame_context_t;

static ass_renderer_t* ass_renderer;
static ass_settings_t* global_settings;
static text_info_t text_info;
static render_context_t render_context;
static frame_context_t frame_context;

struct render_priv_s {
        int top, height;
        int render_id;
};

static void ass_lazy_track_init(void)
{
        ass_track_t* track = frame_context.track;
        if (track->PlayResX && track->PlayResY)
                return;
        if (!track->PlayResX && !track->PlayResY) {
                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_WARN, MSGTR_LIBASS_NeitherPlayResXNorPlayResYDefined);
                track->PlayResX = 384;
                track->PlayResY = 288;
        } else {
                double orig_aspect = (global_settings->aspect * frame_context.height * frame_context.orig_width) /
                        frame_context.orig_height / frame_context.width;
                if (!track->PlayResY && track->PlayResX == 1280) {
                        track->PlayResY = 1024;
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_WARN, MSGTR_LIBASS_PlayResYUndefinedSettingY, track->PlayResY);
                } else if (!track->PlayResY) {
                        track->PlayResY = track->PlayResX / orig_aspect + .5;
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_WARN, MSGTR_LIBASS_PlayResYUndefinedSettingY, track->PlayResY);
                } else if (!track->PlayResX && track->PlayResY == 1024) {
                        track->PlayResX = 1280;
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_WARN, MSGTR_LIBASS_PlayResXUndefinedSettingX, track->PlayResX);
                } else if (!track->PlayResX) {
                        track->PlayResX = track->PlayResY * orig_aspect + .5;
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_WARN, MSGTR_LIBASS_PlayResXUndefinedSettingX, track->PlayResX);
                }
        }
}

ass_renderer_t* ass_renderer_init(ass_library_t* library)
{
        int error;
        FT_Library ft;
        ass_renderer_t* priv = 0;
        int vmajor, vminor, vpatch;
        
        memset(&render_context, 0, sizeof(render_context));
        memset(&frame_context, 0, sizeof(frame_context));
        memset(&text_info, 0, sizeof(text_info));

        error = FT_Init_FreeType( &ft );
        if ( error ) { 
                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_FATAL, MSGTR_LIBASS_FT_Init_FreeTypeFailed);
                goto ass_init_exit;
        }

        FT_Library_Version(ft, &vmajor, &vminor, &vpatch);
        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_V, "FreeType library version: %d.%d.%d\n",
               vmajor, vminor, vpatch);
        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_V, "FreeType headers version: %d.%d.%d\n",
               FREETYPE_MAJOR, FREETYPE_MINOR, FREETYPE_PATCH);

        priv = calloc(1, sizeof(ass_renderer_t));
        if (!priv) {
                FT_Done_FreeType(ft);
                goto ass_init_exit;
        }

        priv->synth_priv = ass_synth_init(BLUR_MAX_RADIUS);

        priv->library = library;
        priv->ftlibrary = ft;
        // images_root and related stuff is zero-filled in calloc
        
        ass_font_cache_init();
        ass_bitmap_cache_init();
        ass_composite_cache_init();
        ass_glyph_cache_init();

        text_info.glyphs = calloc(MAX_GLYPHS, sizeof(glyph_info_t));
        
ass_init_exit:
        if (priv) mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_INFO, MSGTR_LIBASS_Init);
        else mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_ERR, MSGTR_LIBASS_InitFailed);

        return priv;
}

void ass_renderer_done(ass_renderer_t* priv)
{
        ass_font_cache_done();
        ass_bitmap_cache_done();
        ass_composite_cache_done();
        ass_glyph_cache_done();
        if (render_context.stroker) {
                FT_Stroker_Done(render_context.stroker);
                render_context.stroker = 0;
        }
        if (priv && priv->ftlibrary) FT_Done_FreeType(priv->ftlibrary);
        if (priv && priv->fontconfig_priv) fontconfig_done(priv->fontconfig_priv);
        if (priv && priv->synth_priv) ass_synth_done(priv->synth_priv);
        if (priv && priv->eimg) free(priv->eimg);
        if (priv) free(priv);
        if (text_info.glyphs) free(text_info.glyphs);
}

/**
 * \brief Create a new ass_image_t
 * Parameters are the same as ass_image_t fields.
 */
static ass_image_t* my_draw_bitmap(unsigned char* bitmap, int bitmap_w, int bitmap_h, int stride, int dst_x, int dst_y, uint32_t color)
{
        ass_image_t* img = calloc(1, sizeof(ass_image_t));
        
        img->w = bitmap_w;
        img->h = bitmap_h;
        img->stride = stride;
        img->bitmap = bitmap;
        img->color = color;
        img->dst_x = dst_x;
        img->dst_y = dst_y;

        return img;
}

/**
 * \brief convert bitmap glyph into ass_image_t struct(s)
 * \param bit freetype bitmap glyph, FT_PIXEL_MODE_GRAY
 * \param dst_x bitmap x coordinate in video frame
 * \param dst_y bitmap y coordinate in video frame
 * \param color first color, RGBA
 * \param color2 second color, RGBA
 * \param brk x coordinate relative to glyph origin, color is used to the left of brk, color2 - to the right
 * \param tail pointer to the last image's next field, head of the generated list should be stored here
 * \return pointer to the new list tail
 * Performs clipping. Uses my_draw_bitmap for actual bitmap convertion.
 */
static ass_image_t** render_glyph(bitmap_t* bm, int dst_x, int dst_y, uint32_t color, uint32_t color2, int brk, ass_image_t** tail)
{
        // brk is relative to dst_x
        // color = color left of brk
        // color2 = color right of brk
        int b_x0, b_y0, b_x1, b_y1; // visible part of the bitmap
        int clip_x0, clip_y0, clip_x1, clip_y1;
        int tmp;
        ass_image_t* img;

        dst_x += bm->left;
        dst_y += bm->top;
        brk -= bm->left;
        
        // clipping
        clip_x0 = render_context.clip_x0;
        clip_y0 = render_context.clip_y0;
        clip_x1 = render_context.clip_x1;
        clip_y1 = render_context.clip_y1;
        b_x0 = 0;
        b_y0 = 0;
        b_x1 = bm->w;
        b_y1 = bm->h;
        
        tmp = dst_x - clip_x0;
        if (tmp < 0) {
                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "clip left\n");
                b_x0 = - tmp;
        }
        tmp = dst_y - clip_y0;
        if (tmp < 0) {
                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "clip top\n");
                b_y0 = - tmp;
        }
        tmp = clip_x1 - dst_x - bm->w;
        if (tmp < 0) {
                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "clip right\n");
                b_x1 = bm->w + tmp;
        }
        tmp = clip_y1 - dst_y - bm->h;
        if (tmp < 0) {
                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "clip bottom\n");
                b_y1 = bm->h + tmp;
        }
        
        if ((b_y0 >= b_y1) || (b_x0 >= b_x1))
                return tail;

        if (brk > b_x0) { // draw left part
                if (brk > b_x1) brk = b_x1;
                img = my_draw_bitmap(bm->buffer + bm->w * b_y0 + b_x0, 
                        brk - b_x0, b_y1 - b_y0, bm->w,
                        dst_x + b_x0, dst_y + b_y0, color);
                *tail = img;
                tail = &img->next;
        }
        if (brk < b_x1) { // draw right part
                if (brk < b_x0) brk = b_x0;
                img = my_draw_bitmap(bm->buffer + bm->w * b_y0 + brk, 
                        b_x1 - brk, b_y1 - b_y0, bm->w,
                        dst_x + brk, dst_y + b_y0, color2);
                *tail = img;
                tail = &img->next;
        }
        return tail;
}

/**
 * \brief Calculate overlapping area of two consecutive bitmaps and in case they
 * overlap, composite them together
 * Mainly useful for translucent glyphs and especially borders, to avoid the
 * luminance adding up where they overlap (which looks ugly)
 */
static void render_overlap(ass_image_t** last_tail, ass_image_t** tail, bitmap_hash_key_t *last_hash, bitmap_hash_key_t* hash) {
        int left, top, bottom, right;
        int old_left, old_top, w, h, cur_left, cur_top;
        int x, y, opos, cpos;
        char m;
        composite_hash_key_t hk;
        composite_hash_val_t *hv;
        composite_hash_key_t *nhk;
        int ax = (*last_tail)->dst_x;
        int ay = (*last_tail)->dst_y;
        int aw = (*last_tail)->w;
        int ah = (*last_tail)->h;
        int bx = (*tail)->dst_x;
        int by = (*tail)->dst_y;
        int bw = (*tail)->w;
        int bh = (*tail)->h;
        unsigned char* a;
        unsigned char* b;

        if ((*last_tail)->bitmap == (*tail)->bitmap)
                return;

        // Calculate overlap coordinates
        left = (ax > bx) ? ax : bx;
        top = (ay > by) ? ay : by;
        right = ((ax+aw) < (bx+bw)) ? (ax+aw) : (bx+bw);
        bottom = ((ay+ah) < (by+bh)) ? (ay+ah) : (by+bh);
        if ((right <= left) || (bottom <= top))
                return;
        old_left = left-(ax);
        old_top = top-(ay);
        w = right-left;
        h = bottom-top;
        cur_left = left-(bx);
        cur_top = top-(by);

        // Query cache
        memcpy(&hk.a, last_hash, sizeof(*last_hash));
        memcpy(&hk.b, hash, sizeof(*hash));
        hk.aw = aw;
        hk.ah = ah;
        hk.bw = bw;
        hk.bh = bh;
        hk.ax = ax;
        hk.ay = ay;
        hk.bx = bx;
        hk.by = by;
        hv = cache_find_composite(&hk);
        if (hv) {
                (*last_tail)->bitmap = hv->a;
                (*tail)->bitmap = hv->b;
                return;
        }

        // Allocate new bitmaps and copy over data
        a = (*last_tail)->bitmap;
        b = (*tail)->bitmap;
        (*last_tail)->bitmap = malloc(aw*ah);
        (*tail)->bitmap = malloc(bw*bh);
        memcpy((*last_tail)->bitmap, a, aw*ah);
        memcpy((*tail)->bitmap, b, bw*bh);

        // Composite overlapping area
        for (y=0; y<h; y++)
                for (x=0; x<w; x++) {
                        opos = (old_top+y)*(aw) + (old_left+x);
                        cpos = (cur_top+y)*(bw) + (cur_left+x);
                        m = (a[opos] > b[cpos]) ? a[opos] : b[cpos];
                        (*last_tail)->bitmap[opos] = 0;
                        (*tail)->bitmap[cpos] = m;
                }

        // Insert bitmaps into the cache
        nhk = calloc(1, sizeof(*nhk));
        memcpy(nhk, &hk, sizeof(*nhk));
        hv = calloc(1, sizeof(*hv));
        hv->a = (*last_tail)->bitmap;
        hv->b = (*tail)->bitmap;
        cache_add_composite(nhk, hv);
}

/**
 * \brief Convert text_info_t struct to ass_image_t list
 * Splits glyphs in halves when needed (for \kf karaoke).
 */
static ass_image_t* render_text(text_info_t* text_info, int dst_x, int dst_y)
{
        int pen_x, pen_y;
        int i;
        bitmap_t* bm;
        ass_image_t* head;
        ass_image_t** tail = &head;
        ass_image_t** last_tail = 0;
        ass_image_t** here_tail = 0;
        bitmap_hash_key_t* last_hash = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < text_info->length; ++i) {
                glyph_info_t* info = text_info->glyphs + i;
                if ((info->symbol == 0) || (info->symbol == '\n') || !info->bm_s || (info->shadow == 0))
                        continue;

                pen_x = dst_x + info->pos.x + ROUND(info->shadow * frame_context.border_scale);
                pen_y = dst_y + info->pos.y + ROUND(info->shadow * frame_context.border_scale);
                bm = info->bm_s;

                here_tail = tail;
                tail = render_glyph(bm, pen_x, pen_y, info->c[3], 0, 1000000, tail);
                if (last_tail && tail != here_tail && ((info->c[3] & 0xff) > 0))
                        render_overlap(last_tail, here_tail, last_hash, &info->hash_key);
                last_tail = here_tail;
                last_hash = &info->hash_key;
        }

        last_tail = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < text_info->length; ++i) {
                glyph_info_t* info = text_info->glyphs + i;
                if ((info->symbol == 0) || (info->symbol == '\n') || !info->bm_o)
                        continue;

                pen_x = dst_x + info->pos.x;
                pen_y = dst_y + info->pos.y;
                bm = info->bm_o;
                
                if ((info->effect_type == EF_KARAOKE_KO) && (info->effect_timing <= info->bbox.xMax)) {
                        // do nothing
                } else {
                        here_tail = tail;
                        tail = render_glyph(bm, pen_x, pen_y, info->c[2], 0, 1000000, tail);
                        if (last_tail && tail != here_tail && ((info->c[2] & 0xff) > 0))
                                render_overlap(last_tail, here_tail, last_hash, &info->hash_key);
                        last_tail = here_tail;
                        last_hash = &info->hash_key;
                }
        }
        for (i = 0; i < text_info->length; ++i) {
                glyph_info_t* info = text_info->glyphs + i;
                if ((info->symbol == 0) || (info->symbol == '\n') || !info->bm)
                        continue;

                pen_x = dst_x + info->pos.x;
                pen_y = dst_y + info->pos.y;
                bm = info->bm;

                if ((info->effect_type == EF_KARAOKE) || (info->effect_type == EF_KARAOKE_KO)) {
                        if (info->effect_timing > info->bbox.xMax)
                                tail = render_glyph(bm, pen_x, pen_y, info->c[0], 0, 1000000, tail);
                        else
                                tail = render_glyph(bm, pen_x, pen_y, info->c[1], 0, 1000000, tail);
                } else if (info->effect_type == EF_KARAOKE_KF) {
                        tail = render_glyph(bm, pen_x, pen_y, info->c[0], info->c[1], info->effect_timing, tail);
                } else
                        tail = render_glyph(bm, pen_x, pen_y, info->c[0], 0, 1000000, tail);
        }

        *tail = 0;
        return head;
}

/**
 * \brief Mapping between script and screen coordinates
 */
static int x2scr(double x) {
        return x*frame_context.orig_width_nocrop / frame_context.track->PlayResX +
                FFMAX(global_settings->left_margin, 0);
}
static double x2scr_pos(double x) {
        return x*frame_context.orig_width / frame_context.track->PlayResX +
                global_settings->left_margin;
}
/**
 * \brief Mapping between script and screen coordinates
 */
static double y2scr(double y) {
        return y * frame_context.orig_height_nocrop / frame_context.track->PlayResY +
                FFMAX(global_settings->top_margin, 0);
}
static double y2scr_pos(double y) {
        return y * frame_context.orig_height / frame_context.track->PlayResY +
                global_settings->top_margin;
}

// the same for toptitles
static int y2scr_top(double y) {
        if (global_settings->use_margins)
                return y * frame_context.orig_height_nocrop / frame_context.track->PlayResY;
        else
                return y * frame_context.orig_height_nocrop / frame_context.track->PlayResY +
                        FFMAX(global_settings->top_margin, 0);
}
// the same for subtitles
static int y2scr_sub(double y) {
        if (global_settings->use_margins)
                return y * frame_context.orig_height_nocrop / frame_context.track->PlayResY +
                        FFMAX(global_settings->top_margin, 0) +
                        FFMAX(global_settings->bottom_margin, 0);
        else
                return y * frame_context.orig_height_nocrop / frame_context.track->PlayResY +
                        FFMAX(global_settings->top_margin, 0);
}

static void compute_string_bbox( text_info_t* info, FT_BBox *abbox ) {
        FT_BBox bbox;
        int i;
        
        if (text_info.length > 0) {
                bbox.xMin = 32000;
                bbox.xMax = -32000;
                bbox.yMin = - d6_to_int(text_info.lines[0].asc) + text_info.glyphs[0].pos.y;
                bbox.yMax = d6_to_int(text_info.height - text_info.lines[0].asc) + text_info.glyphs[0].pos.y;

                for (i = 0; i < text_info.length; ++i) {
                        int s = text_info.glyphs[i].pos.x;
                        int e = s + d6_to_int(text_info.glyphs[i].advance.x);
                        bbox.xMin = FFMIN(bbox.xMin, s);
                        bbox.xMax = FFMAX(bbox.xMax, e);
                }
        } else
                bbox.xMin = bbox.xMax = bbox.yMin = bbox.yMax = 0;

        /* return string bbox */
        *abbox = bbox;
}


/**
 * \brief Check if starting part of (*p) matches sample. If true, shift p to the first symbol after the matching part.
 */
static inline int mystrcmp(char** p, const char* sample) {
        int len = strlen(sample);
        if (strncmp(*p, sample, len) == 0) {
                (*p) += len;
                return 1;
        } else
                return 0;
}

static void change_font_size(double sz)
{
        double size = sz * frame_context.font_scale;

        if (size < 1)
                size = 1;
        else if (size > frame_context.height * 2)
                size = frame_context.height * 2;

        ass_font_set_size(render_context.font, size);

        render_context.font_size = sz;
}

/**
 * \brief Change current font, using setting from render_context.
 */
static void update_font(void)
{
        unsigned val;
        ass_renderer_t* priv = frame_context.ass_priv;
        ass_font_desc_t desc;
        desc.family = strdup(render_context.family);

        val = render_context.bold;
        // 0 = normal, 1 = bold, >1 = exact weight
        if (val == 0) val = 80; // normal
        else if (val == 1) val = 200; // bold
        desc.bold = val;

        val = render_context.italic;
        if (val == 0) val = 0; // normal
        else if (val == 1) val = 110; //italic
        desc.italic = val;

        render_context.font = ass_font_new(priv->library, priv->ftlibrary, priv->fontconfig_priv, &desc);
        free(desc.family);
        
        if (render_context.font)
                change_font_size(render_context.font_size);
}

/**
 * \brief Change border width
 * negative value resets border to style value
 */
static void change_border(double border)
{
        int b;
        if (!render_context.font) return;

        if (border < 0) {
                if (render_context.style->BorderStyle == 1)
                        border = render_context.style->Outline;
                else
                        border = 1.;
        }
        render_context.border = border;

        b = 64 * border * frame_context.border_scale;
        if (b > 0) {
                if (!render_context.stroker) {
                        int error;
#if (FREETYPE_MAJOR > 2) || ((FREETYPE_MAJOR == 2) && (FREETYPE_MINOR > 1))
                        error = FT_Stroker_New( ass_renderer->ftlibrary, &render_context.stroker );
#else // < 2.2
                        error = FT_Stroker_New( render_context.font->faces[0]->memory, &render_context.stroker );
#endif
                        if (error) {
                                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_V, "failed to get stroker\n");
                                render_context.stroker = 0;
                        }
                }
                if (render_context.stroker)
                        FT_Stroker_Set( render_context.stroker, b,
                                        FT_STROKER_LINECAP_ROUND,
                                        FT_STROKER_LINEJOIN_ROUND,
                                        0 );
        } else {
                FT_Stroker_Done(render_context.stroker);
                render_context.stroker = 0;
        }
}

#define _r(c)  ((c)>>24)
#define _g(c)  (((c)>>16)&0xFF)
#define _b(c)  (((c)>>8)&0xFF)
#define _a(c)  ((c)&0xFF)

/**
 * \brief Calculate a weighted average of two colors
 * calculates c1*(1-a) + c2*a, but separately for each component except alpha
 */
static void change_color(uint32_t* var, uint32_t new, double pwr)
{
        (*var)= ((uint32_t)(_r(*var) * (1 - pwr) + _r(new) * pwr) << 24) +
                ((uint32_t)(_g(*var) * (1 - pwr) + _g(new) * pwr) << 16) +
                ((uint32_t)(_b(*var) * (1 - pwr) + _b(new) * pwr) << 8) +
                _a(*var);
}

// like change_color, but for alpha component only
static void change_alpha(uint32_t* var, uint32_t new, double pwr)
{
        *var = (_r(*var) << 24) + (_g(*var) << 16) + (_b(*var) << 8) + (_a(*var) * (1 - pwr) + _a(new) * pwr);
}

/**
 * \brief Multiply two alpha values
 * \param a first value
 * \param b second value
 * \return result of multiplication
 * Parameters and result are limited by 0xFF.
 */
static uint32_t mult_alpha(uint32_t a, uint32_t b)
{
        return 0xFF - (0xFF - a) * (0xFF - b) / 0xFF;
}

/**
 * \brief Calculate alpha value by piecewise linear function
 * Used for \fad, \fade implementation.
 */
static unsigned interpolate_alpha(long long now, 
                long long t1, long long t2, long long t3, long long t4,
                unsigned a1, unsigned a2, unsigned a3)
{
        unsigned a;
        double cf;
        if (now <= t1) {
                a = a1;
        } else if (now >= t4) {
                a = a3;
        } else if (now < t2) { // and > t1
                cf = ((double)(now - t1)) / (t2 - t1);
                a = a1 * (1 - cf) + a2 * cf;
        } else if (now > t3) {
                cf = ((double)(now - t3)) / (t4 - t3);
                a = a2 * (1 - cf) + a3 * cf;
        } else { // t2 <= now <= t3
                a = a2;
        }

        return a;
}

static void reset_render_context(void);

/**
 * \brief Parse style override tag.
 * \param p string to parse
 * \param pwr multiplier for some tag effects (comes from \t tags)
 */
static char* parse_tag(char* p, double pwr) {
#define skip_to(x) while ((*p != (x)) && (*p != '}') && (*p != 0)) { ++p;}
#define skip(x) if (*p == (x)) ++p; else { return p; }
        
        skip_to('\\');
        skip('\\');
        if ((*p == '}') || (*p == 0))
                return p;

        // New tags introduced in vsfilter 2.39
        if (mystrcmp(&p, "xbord")) {
                double val;
                if (mystrtod(&p, &val))
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_V, "stub: \\xbord%.2f\n", val);
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "ybord")) {
                double val;
                if (mystrtod(&p, &val))
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_V, "stub: \\ybord%.2f\n", val);
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "xshad")) {
                int val;
                if (mystrtoi(&p, &val))
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_V, "stub: \\xshad%d\n", val);
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "yshad")) {
                int val;
                if (mystrtoi(&p, &val))
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_V, "stub: \\yshad%d\n", val);
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "fax")) {
                int val;
                if (mystrtoi(&p, &val))
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_V, "stub: \\fax%d\n", val);
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "fay")) {
                int val;
                if (mystrtoi(&p, &val))
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_V, "stub: \\fay%d\n", val);
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "iclip")) {
                int x0, y0, x1, y1;
                int res = 1;
                skip('(');
                res &= mystrtoi(&p, &x0);
                skip(',');
                res &= mystrtoi(&p, &y0);
                skip(',');
                res &= mystrtoi(&p, &x1);
                skip(',');
                res &= mystrtoi(&p, &y1);
                skip(')');
                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_V, "stub: \\iclip(%d,%d,%d,%d)\n", x0, y0, x1, y1);
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "blur")) {
                double val;
                if (mystrtod(&p, &val)) {
                        val = (val < 0) ? 0 : val;
                        val = (val > BLUR_MAX_RADIUS) ? BLUR_MAX_RADIUS : val;
                        render_context.blur = val;
                } else
                        render_context.blur = 0.0;
        // ASS standard tags
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "fsc")) {
                char tp = *p++;
                double val;
                if (tp == 'x') {
                        if (mystrtod(&p, &val)) {
                                val /= 100;
                                render_context.scale_x = render_context.scale_x * ( 1 - pwr) + val * pwr;
                        } else
                                render_context.scale_x = render_context.style->ScaleX;
                } else if (tp == 'y') {
                        if (mystrtod(&p, &val)) {
                                val /= 100;
                                render_context.scale_y = render_context.scale_y * ( 1 - pwr) + val * pwr;
                        } else
                                render_context.scale_y = render_context.style->ScaleY;
                }
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "fsp")) {
                double val;
                if (mystrtod(&p, &val))
                        render_context.hspacing = render_context.hspacing * ( 1 - pwr ) + val * pwr;
                else
                        render_context.hspacing = render_context.style->Spacing;
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "fs")) {
                double val;
                if (mystrtod(&p, &val))
                        val = render_context.font_size * ( 1 - pwr ) + val * pwr;
                else
                        val = render_context.style->FontSize;
                if (render_context.font)
                        change_font_size(val);
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "bord")) {
                double val;
                if (mystrtod(&p, &val))
                        val = render_context.border * ( 1 - pwr ) + val * pwr;
                else
                        val = -1.; // reset to default
                change_border(val);
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "move")) {
                double x1, x2, y1, y2;
                long long t1, t2, delta_t, t;
                double x, y;
                double k;
                skip('(');
                mystrtod(&p, &x1);
                skip(',');
                mystrtod(&p, &y1);
                skip(',');
                mystrtod(&p, &x2);
                skip(',');
                mystrtod(&p, &y2);
                if (*p == ',') {
                        skip(',');
                        mystrtoll(&p, &t1);
                        skip(',');
                        mystrtoll(&p, &t2);
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "movement6: (%f, %f) -> (%f, %f), (%" PRId64 " .. %" PRId64 ")\n", 
                                x1, y1, x2, y2, (int64_t)t1, (int64_t)t2);
                } else {
                        t1 = 0;
                        t2 = render_context.event->Duration;
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "movement: (%f, %f) -> (%f, %f)\n", x1, y1, x2, y2);
                }
                skip(')');
                delta_t = t2 - t1;
                t = frame_context.time - render_context.event->Start;
                if (t < t1)
                        k = 0.;
                else if (t > t2)
                        k = 1.;
                else k = ((double)(t - t1)) / delta_t;
                x = k * (x2 - x1) + x1;
                y = k * (y2 - y1) + y1;
                if (render_context.evt_type != EVENT_POSITIONED) {
                        render_context.pos_x = x;
                        render_context.pos_y = y;
                        render_context.detect_collisions = 0;
                        render_context.evt_type = EVENT_POSITIONED;
                }
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "frx")) {
                double val;
                if (mystrtod(&p, &val)) {
                        val *= M_PI / 180;
                        render_context.frx = val * pwr + render_context.frx * (1-pwr);
                } else
                        render_context.frx = 0.;
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "fry")) {
                double val;
                if (mystrtod(&p, &val)) {
                        val *= M_PI / 180;
                        render_context.fry = val * pwr + render_context.fry * (1-pwr);
                } else
                        render_context.fry = 0.;
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "frz") || mystrcmp(&p, "fr")) {
                double val;
                if (mystrtod(&p, &val)) {
                        val *= M_PI / 180;
                        render_context.frz = val * pwr + render_context.frz * (1-pwr);
                } else
                        render_context.frz = M_PI * render_context.style->Angle / 180.;
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "fn")) {
                char* start = p;
                char* family;
                skip_to('\\');
                if (p > start) {
                        family = malloc(p - start + 1);
                        strncpy(family, start, p - start);
                        family[p - start] = '\0';
                } else
                        family = strdup(render_context.style->FontName);
                if (render_context.family)
                        free(render_context.family);
                render_context.family = family;
                update_font();
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "alpha")) {
                uint32_t val;
                int i;
                if (strtocolor(&p, &val)) {
                        unsigned char a = val >> 24;
                        for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
                                change_alpha(&render_context.c[i], a, pwr);
                } else {
                        change_alpha(&render_context.c[0], render_context.style->PrimaryColour, pwr);
                        change_alpha(&render_context.c[1], render_context.style->SecondaryColour, pwr);
                        change_alpha(&render_context.c[2], render_context.style->OutlineColour, pwr);
                        change_alpha(&render_context.c[3], render_context.style->BackColour, pwr);
                }
                // FIXME: simplify
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "an")) {
                int val;
                if (mystrtoi(&p, &val) && val) {
                        int v = (val - 1) / 3; // 0, 1 or 2 for vertical alignment
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "an %d\n", val);
                        if (v != 0) v = 3 - v;
                        val = ((val - 1) % 3) + 1; // horizontal alignment
                        val += v*4;
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "align %d\n", val);
                        render_context.alignment = val;
                } else
                        render_context.alignment = render_context.style->Alignment;
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "a")) {
                int val;
                if (mystrtoi(&p, &val) && val)
                        render_context.alignment = val;
                else
                        render_context.alignment = render_context.style->Alignment;
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "pos")) {
                double v1, v2;
                skip('(');
                mystrtod(&p, &v1);
                skip(',');
                mystrtod(&p, &v2);
                skip(')');
                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "pos(%f, %f)\n", v1, v2);
                if (render_context.evt_type != EVENT_POSITIONED) {
                        render_context.evt_type = EVENT_POSITIONED;
                        render_context.detect_collisions = 0;
                        render_context.pos_x = v1;
                        render_context.pos_y = v2;
                }
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "fad")) {
                int a1, a2, a3;
                long long t1, t2, t3, t4;
                if (*p == 'e') ++p; // either \fad or \fade
                skip('(');
                mystrtoi(&p, &a1);
                skip(',');
                mystrtoi(&p, &a2);
                if (*p == ')') {
                        // 2-argument version (\fad, according to specs)
                        // a1 and a2 are fade-in and fade-out durations
                        t1 = 0;
                        t4 = render_context.event->Duration;
                        t2 = a1;
                        t3 = t4 - a2;
                        a1 = 0xFF;
                        a2 = 0;
                        a3 = 0xFF;
                } else {
                        // 6-argument version (\fade)
                        // a1 and a2 (and a3) are opacity values
                        skip(',');
                        mystrtoi(&p, &a3);
                        skip(',');
                        mystrtoll(&p, &t1);
                        skip(',');
                        mystrtoll(&p, &t2);
                        skip(',');
                        mystrtoll(&p, &t3);
                        skip(',');
                        mystrtoll(&p, &t4);
                }
                skip(')');
                render_context.fade = interpolate_alpha(frame_context.time - render_context.event->Start, t1, t2, t3, t4, a1, a2, a3);
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "org")) {
                int v1, v2;
                skip('(');
                mystrtoi(&p, &v1);
                skip(',');
                mystrtoi(&p, &v2);
                skip(')');
                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "org(%d, %d)\n", v1, v2);
                //                              render_context.evt_type = EVENT_POSITIONED;
                render_context.org_x = v1;
                render_context.org_y = v2;
                render_context.have_origin = 1;
                render_context.detect_collisions = 0;
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "t")) {
                double v[3];
                int v1, v2;
                double v3;
                int cnt;
                long long t1, t2, t, delta_t;
                double k;
                skip('(');
                for (cnt = 0; cnt < 3; ++cnt) {
                        if (*p == '\\')
                                break;
                        v[cnt] = strtod(p, &p);
                        skip(',');
                }
                if (cnt == 3) {
                        v1 = v[0]; v2 = v[1]; v3 = v[2];
                } else if (cnt == 2) {
                        v1 = v[0]; v2 = v[1]; v3 = 1.;
                } else if (cnt == 1) {
                        v1 = 0; v2 = render_context.event->Duration; v3 = v[0];
                } else { // cnt == 0
                        v1 = 0; v2 = render_context.event->Duration; v3 = 1.;
                }
                render_context.detect_collisions = 0;
                t1 = v1;
                t2 = v2;
                delta_t = v2 - v1;
                if (v3 < 0.)
                        v3 = 0.;
                t = frame_context.time - render_context.event->Start; // FIXME: move to render_context
                if (t <= t1)
                        k = 0.;
                else if (t >= t2)
                        k = 1.;
                else {
                        assert(delta_t != 0.);
                        k = pow(((double)(t - t1)) / delta_t, v3);
                }
                while (*p == '\\')
                        p = parse_tag(p, k); // maybe k*pwr ? no, specs forbid nested \t's 
                skip_to(')'); // in case there is some unknown tag or a comment
                skip(')');
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "clip")) {
                int x0, y0, x1, y1;
                int res = 1;
                skip('(');
                res &= mystrtoi(&p, &x0);
                skip(',');
                res &= mystrtoi(&p, &y0);
                skip(',');
                res &= mystrtoi(&p, &x1);
                skip(',');
                res &= mystrtoi(&p, &y1);
                skip(')');
                if (res) {
                        render_context.clip_x0 = render_context.clip_x0 * (1-pwr) + x0 * pwr;
                        render_context.clip_x1 = render_context.clip_x1 * (1-pwr) + x1 * pwr;
                        render_context.clip_y0 = render_context.clip_y0 * (1-pwr) + y0 * pwr;
                        render_context.clip_y1 = render_context.clip_y1 * (1-pwr) + y1 * pwr;
                } else {
                        render_context.clip_x0 = 0;
                        render_context.clip_y0 = 0;
                        render_context.clip_x1 = frame_context.track->PlayResX;
                        render_context.clip_y1 = frame_context.track->PlayResY;
                }
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "c")) {
                uint32_t val;
                if (!strtocolor(&p, &val))
                        val = render_context.style->PrimaryColour;
                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "color: %X\n", val);
                change_color(&render_context.c[0], val, pwr);
        } else if ((*p >= '1') && (*p <= '4') && (++p) && (mystrcmp(&p, "c") || mystrcmp(&p, "a"))) {
                char n = *(p-2);
                int cidx = n - '1';
                char cmd = *(p-1);
                uint32_t val;
                assert((n >= '1') && (n <= '4'));
                if (!strtocolor(&p, &val))
                        switch(n) {
                                case '1': val = render_context.style->PrimaryColour; break;
                                case '2': val = render_context.style->SecondaryColour; break;
                                case '3': val = render_context.style->OutlineColour; break;
                                case '4': val = render_context.style->BackColour; break;
                                default : val = 0; break; // impossible due to assert; avoid compilation warning
                        }
                switch (cmd) {
                        case 'c': change_color(render_context.c + cidx, val, pwr); break;
                        case 'a': change_alpha(render_context.c + cidx, val >> 24, pwr); break;
                        default: mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_WARN, MSGTR_LIBASS_BadCommand, n, cmd); break;
                }
                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "single c/a at %f: %c%c = %X   \n", pwr, n, cmd, render_context.c[cidx]);
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "r")) {
                reset_render_context();
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "be")) {
                int val;
                if (mystrtoi(&p, &val)) {
                        // Clamp to 10, since high values need excessive CPU
                        val = (val < 0) ? 0 : val;
                        val = (val > 10) ? 10 : val;
                        render_context.be = val;
                } else
                        render_context.be = 0;
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "b")) {
                int b;
                if (mystrtoi(&p, &b)) {
                        if (pwr >= .5)
                                render_context.bold = b;
                } else
                        render_context.bold = render_context.style->Bold;
                update_font();
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "i")) {
                int i;
                if (mystrtoi(&p, &i)) {
                        if (pwr >= .5)
                                render_context.italic = i;
                } else
                        render_context.italic = render_context.style->Italic;
                update_font();
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "kf") || mystrcmp(&p, "K")) {
                int val = 0;
                mystrtoi(&p, &val);
                render_context.effect_type = EF_KARAOKE_KF;
                if (render_context.effect_timing)
                        render_context.effect_skip_timing += render_context.effect_timing;
                render_context.effect_timing = val * 10;
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "ko")) {
                int val = 0;
                mystrtoi(&p, &val);
                render_context.effect_type = EF_KARAOKE_KO;
                if (render_context.effect_timing)
                        render_context.effect_skip_timing += render_context.effect_timing;
                render_context.effect_timing = val * 10;
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "k")) {
                int val = 0;
                mystrtoi(&p, &val);
                render_context.effect_type = EF_KARAOKE;
                if (render_context.effect_timing)
                        render_context.effect_skip_timing += render_context.effect_timing;
                render_context.effect_timing = val * 10;
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "shad")) {
                int val;
                if (mystrtoi(&p, &val))
                        render_context.shadow = val;
                else
                        render_context.shadow = render_context.style->Shadow;
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "pbo")) {
                int val = 0;
                mystrtoi(&p, &val); // ignored
        } else if (mystrcmp(&p, "p")) {
                int val;
                if (!mystrtoi(&p, &val))
                        val = 0;
                render_context.drawing_mode = !!val;
        }

        return p;

#undef skip
#undef skip_to
}

/**
 * \brief Get next ucs4 char from string, parsing and executing style overrides
 * \param str string pointer
 * \return ucs4 code of the next char
 * On return str points to the unparsed part of the string
 */
static unsigned get_next_char(char** str)
{
        char* p = *str;
        unsigned chr;
        if (*p == '{') { // '\0' goes here
                p++;
                while (1) {
                        p = parse_tag(p, 1.);
                        if (*p == '}') { // end of tag
                                p++;
                                if (*p == '{') {
                                        p++;
                                        continue;
                                } else
                                        break;
                        } else if (*p != '\\')
                                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_V, "Unable to parse: \"%s\" \n", p);
                        if (*p == 0)
                                break;
                }
        }
        if (*p == '\t') {
                ++p;
                *str = p;
                return ' ';
        }
        if (*p == '\\') {
                if ((*(p+1) == 'N') || ((*(p+1) == 'n') && (frame_context.track->WrapStyle == 2))) {
                        p += 2;
                        *str = p;
                        return '\n';
                } else if ((*(p+1) == 'n') || (*(p+1) == 'h')) {
                        p += 2;
                        *str = p;
                        return ' ';
                }
        }
        chr = utf8_get_char((const char **)&p);
        *str = p;
        return chr;
}

static void apply_transition_effects(ass_event_t* event)
{
        int v[4];
        int cnt;
        char* p = event->Effect;

        if (!p || !*p) return;

        cnt = 0;
        while (cnt < 4 && (p = strchr(p, ';'))) {
                v[cnt++] = atoi(++p);
        }
        
        if (strncmp(event->Effect, "Banner;", 7) == 0) {
                int delay;
                if (cnt < 1) {
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_V, "Error parsing effect: %s \n", event->Effect);
                        return;
                }
                if (cnt >= 2 && v[1] == 0) // right-to-left
                        render_context.scroll_direction = SCROLL_RL;
                else // left-to-right
                        render_context.scroll_direction = SCROLL_LR;

                delay = v[0];
                if (delay == 0) delay = 1; // ?
                render_context.scroll_shift = (frame_context.time - render_context.event->Start) / delay;
                render_context.evt_type = EVENT_HSCROLL;
                return;
        }

        if (strncmp(event->Effect, "Scroll up;", 10) == 0) {
                render_context.scroll_direction = SCROLL_BT;
        } else if (strncmp(event->Effect, "Scroll down;", 12) == 0) {
                render_context.scroll_direction = SCROLL_TB;
        } else {
                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_V, "Unknown transition effect: %s \n", event->Effect);
                return;
        }
        // parse scroll up/down parameters
        {
                int delay;
                int y0, y1;
                if (cnt < 3) {
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_V, "Error parsing effect: %s \n", event->Effect);
                        return;
                }
                delay = v[2];
                if (delay == 0) delay = 1; // ?
                render_context.scroll_shift = (frame_context.time - render_context.event->Start) / delay;
                if (v[0] < v[1]) {
                        y0 = v[0]; y1 = v[1];
                } else {
                        y0 = v[1]; y1 = v[0];
                }
                if (y1 == 0)
                        y1 = frame_context.track->PlayResY; // y0=y1=0 means fullscreen scrolling
                render_context.clip_y0 = y0;
                render_context.clip_y1 = y1;
                render_context.evt_type = EVENT_VSCROLL;
                render_context.detect_collisions = 0;
        }

}

/**
 * \brief partially reset render_context to style values
 * Works like {\r}: resets some style overrides
 */
static void reset_render_context(void)
{
        render_context.c[0] = render_context.style->PrimaryColour;
        render_context.c[1] = render_context.style->SecondaryColour;
        render_context.c[2] = render_context.style->OutlineColour;
        render_context.c[3] = render_context.style->BackColour;
        render_context.font_size = render_context.style->FontSize;

        if (render_context.family)
                free(render_context.family);
        render_context.family = strdup(render_context.style->FontName);
        render_context.bold = render_context.style->Bold;
        render_context.italic = render_context.style->Italic;
        update_font();

        change_border(-1.);
        render_context.scale_x = render_context.style->ScaleX;
        render_context.scale_y = render_context.style->ScaleY;
        render_context.hspacing = render_context.style->Spacing;
        render_context.be = 0;
        render_context.blur = 0.0;
        render_context.shadow = render_context.style->Shadow;
        render_context.frx = render_context.fry = 0.;
        render_context.frz = M_PI * render_context.style->Angle / 180.;

        // FIXME: does not reset unsupported attributes.
}

/**
 * \brief Start new event. Reset render_context.
 */
static void init_render_context(ass_event_t* event)
{
        render_context.event = event;
        render_context.style = frame_context.track->styles + event->Style;

        reset_render_context();

        render_context.evt_type = EVENT_NORMAL;
        render_context.alignment = render_context.style->Alignment;
        render_context.pos_x = 0;
        render_context.pos_y = 0;
        render_context.org_x = 0;
        render_context.org_y = 0;
        render_context.have_origin = 0;
        render_context.clip_x0 = 0;
        render_context.clip_y0 = 0;
        render_context.clip_x1 = frame_context.track->PlayResX;
        render_context.clip_y1 = frame_context.track->PlayResY;
        render_context.detect_collisions = 1;
        render_context.fade = 0;
        render_context.drawing_mode = 0;
        render_context.effect_type = EF_NONE;
        render_context.effect_timing = 0;
        render_context.effect_skip_timing = 0;
        
        apply_transition_effects(event);
}

static void free_render_context(void)
{
}

/**
 * \brief Get normal and outline (border) glyphs
 * \param symbol ucs4 char
 * \param info out: struct filled with extracted data
 * \param advance subpixel shift vector used for cache lookup
 * Tries to get both glyphs from cache.
 * If they can't be found, gets a glyph from font face, generates outline with FT_Stroker,
 * and add them to cache.
 * The glyphs are returned in info->glyph and info->outline_glyph
 */
static void get_outline_glyph(int symbol, glyph_info_t* info, FT_Vector* advance)
{
        int error;
        glyph_hash_val_t* val;
        glyph_hash_key_t key;
        key.font = render_context.font;
        key.size = render_context.font_size;
        key.ch = symbol;
        key.scale_x = (render_context.scale_x * 0xFFFF);
        key.scale_y = (render_context.scale_y * 0xFFFF);
        key.advance = *advance;
        key.bold = render_context.bold;
        key.italic = render_context.italic;
        key.outline = render_context.border * 0xFFFF;

        memset(info, 0, sizeof(glyph_info_t));

        val = cache_find_glyph(&key);
        if (val) {
                FT_Glyph_Copy(val->glyph, &info->glyph);
                if (val->outline_glyph)
                        FT_Glyph_Copy(val->outline_glyph, &info->outline_glyph);
                info->bbox = val->bbox_scaled;
                info->advance.x = val->advance.x;
                info->advance.y = val->advance.y;
        } else {
                glyph_hash_val_t v;
                info->glyph = ass_font_get_glyph(frame_context.ass_priv->fontconfig_priv, render_context.font, symbol, global_settings->hinting);
                if (!info->glyph)
                        return;
                info->advance.x = d16_to_d6(info->glyph->advance.x);
                info->advance.y = d16_to_d6(info->glyph->advance.y);
                FT_Glyph_Get_CBox( info->glyph, FT_GLYPH_BBOX_PIXELS, &info->bbox);

                if (render_context.stroker) {
                        info->outline_glyph = info->glyph;
                        error = FT_Glyph_StrokeBorder( &(info->outline_glyph), render_context.stroker, 0 , 0 ); // don't destroy original
                        if (error) {
                                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_WARN, MSGTR_LIBASS_FT_Glyph_Stroke_Error, error);
                        }
                }

                memset(&v, 0, sizeof(v));
                FT_Glyph_Copy(info->glyph, &v.glyph);
                if (info->outline_glyph)
                        FT_Glyph_Copy(info->outline_glyph, &v.outline_glyph);
                v.advance = info->advance;
                v.bbox_scaled = info->bbox;
                cache_add_glyph(&key, &v);
        }
}

static void transform_3d(FT_Vector shift, FT_Glyph* glyph, FT_Glyph* glyph2, double frx, double fry, double frz);

/**
 * \brief Get bitmaps for a glyph
 * \param info glyph info
 * Tries to get glyph bitmaps from bitmap cache.
 * If they can't be found, they are generated by rotating and rendering the glyph.
 * After that, bitmaps are added to the cache.
 * They are returned in info->bm (glyph), info->bm_o (outline) and info->bm_s (shadow).
 */
static void get_bitmap_glyph(glyph_info_t* info)
{
        bitmap_hash_val_t* val;
        bitmap_hash_key_t* key = &info->hash_key;
        
        val = cache_find_bitmap(key);
/*      val = 0; */
        
        if (val) {
                info->bm = val->bm;
                info->bm_o = val->bm_o;
                info->bm_s = val->bm_s;
        } else {
                FT_Vector shift;
                bitmap_hash_val_t hash_val;
                int error;
                info->bm = info->bm_o = info->bm_s = 0;
                if (info->glyph && info->symbol != '\n' && info->symbol != 0) {
                        // calculating rotation shift vector (from rotation origin to the glyph basepoint)
                        shift.x = int_to_d6(info->hash_key.shift_x);
                        shift.y = int_to_d6(info->hash_key.shift_y);
                        // apply rotation
                        transform_3d(shift, &info->glyph, &info->outline_glyph, info->frx, info->fry, info->frz);

                        // render glyph
                        error = glyph_to_bitmap(ass_renderer->synth_priv,
                                        info->glyph, info->outline_glyph,
                                        &info->bm, &info->bm_o,
                                        &info->bm_s, info->be, info->blur * frame_context.border_scale);
                        if (error)
                                info->symbol = 0;

                        // add bitmaps to cache
                        hash_val.bm_o = info->bm_o;
                        hash_val.bm = info->bm;
                        hash_val.bm_s = info->bm_s;
                        cache_add_bitmap(&(info->hash_key), &hash_val);
                }
        }
        // deallocate glyphs
        if (info->glyph)
                FT_Done_Glyph(info->glyph);
        if (info->outline_glyph)
                FT_Done_Glyph(info->outline_glyph);
}

/**
 * This function goes through text_info and calculates text parameters.
 * The following text_info fields are filled:
 *   height
 *   lines[].height
 *   lines[].asc
 *   lines[].desc
 */
static void measure_text(void)
{
        int cur_line = 0, max_asc = 0, max_desc = 0;
        int i;
        text_info.height = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < text_info.length + 1; ++i) {
                if ((i == text_info.length) || text_info.glyphs[i].linebreak) {
                        text_info.lines[cur_line].asc = max_asc;
                        text_info.lines[cur_line].desc = max_desc;
                        text_info.height += max_asc + max_desc;
                        cur_line ++;
                        max_asc = max_desc = 0;
                }
                if (i < text_info.length) {
                        glyph_info_t* cur = text_info.glyphs + i;
                        if (cur->asc > max_asc)
                                max_asc = cur->asc;
                        if (cur->desc > max_desc)
                                max_desc = cur->desc;
                }
        }
        text_info.height += (text_info.n_lines - 1) * double_to_d6(global_settings->line_spacing);
}

/**
 * \brief rearrange text between lines
 * \param max_text_width maximal text line width in pixels
 * The algo is similar to the one in libvo/sub.c:
 * 1. Place text, wrapping it when current line is full
 * 2. Try moving words from the end of a line to the beginning of the next one while it reduces
 * the difference in lengths between this two lines.
 * The result may not be optimal, but usually is good enough.
 */
static void wrap_lines_smart(int max_text_width)
{
        int i, j;
        glyph_info_t *cur, *s1, *e1, *s2, *s3, *w;
        int last_space;
        int break_type;
        int exit;
        int pen_shift_x;
        int pen_shift_y;
        int cur_line;

        last_space = -1;
        text_info.n_lines = 1;
        break_type = 0;
        s1 = text_info.glyphs; // current line start
        for (i = 0; i < text_info.length; ++i) {
                int break_at, s_offset, len;
                cur = text_info.glyphs + i;
                break_at = -1;
                s_offset = s1->bbox.xMin + s1->pos.x;
                len = (cur->bbox.xMax + cur->pos.x) - s_offset;

                if (cur->symbol == '\n') {
                        break_type = 2;
                        break_at = i;
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "forced line break at %d\n", break_at);
                }
                
                if (len >= max_text_width) {
                        break_type = 1;
                        break_at = last_space;
                        if (break_at == -1)
                                break_at = i - 1;
                        if (break_at == -1)
                                break_at = 0;
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "overfill at %d\n", i);
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "line break at %d\n", break_at);
                }

                if (break_at != -1) {
                        // need to use one more line
                        // marking break_at+1 as start of a new line
                        int lead = break_at + 1; // the first symbol of the new line
                        if (text_info.n_lines >= MAX_LINES) {
                                // to many lines ! 
                                // no more linebreaks
                                for (j = lead; j < text_info.length; ++j)
                                        text_info.glyphs[j].linebreak = 0;
                                break;
                        }
                        if (lead < text_info.length)
                                text_info.glyphs[lead].linebreak = break_type;
                        last_space = -1;
                        s1 = text_info.glyphs + lead;
                        s_offset = s1->bbox.xMin + s1->pos.x;
                        text_info.n_lines ++;
                }
                
                if (cur->symbol == ' ')
                        last_space = i;

                // make sure the hard linebreak is not forgotten when
                // there was a new soft linebreak just inserted
                if (cur->symbol == '\n' && break_type == 1)
                        i--;
        }
#define DIFF(x,y) (((x) < (y)) ? (y - x) : (x - y))
        exit = 0;
        while (!exit) {
                exit = 1;
                w = s3 = text_info.glyphs;
                s1 = s2 = 0;
                for (i = 0; i <= text_info.length; ++i) {
                        cur = text_info.glyphs + i;
                        if ((i == text_info.length) || cur->linebreak) {
                                s1 = s2;
                                s2 = s3;
                                s3 = cur;
                                if (s1 && (s2->linebreak == 1)) { // have at least 2 lines, and linebreak is 'soft'
                                        int l1, l2, l1_new, l2_new;

                                        w = s2;
                                        do { --w; } while ((w > s1) && (w->symbol == ' '));
                                        while ((w > s1) && (w->symbol != ' ')) { --w; }
                                        e1 = w;
                                        while ((e1 > s1) && (e1->symbol == ' ')) { --e1; }
                                        if (w->symbol == ' ') ++w;

                                        l1 = ((s2-1)->bbox.xMax + (s2-1)->pos.x) - (s1->bbox.xMin + s1->pos.x);
                                        l2 = ((s3-1)->bbox.xMax + (s3-1)->pos.x) - (s2->bbox.xMin + s2->pos.x);
                                        l1_new = (e1->bbox.xMax + e1->pos.x) - (s1->bbox.xMin + s1->pos.x);
                                        l2_new = ((s3-1)->bbox.xMax + (s3-1)->pos.x) - (w->bbox.xMin + w->pos.x);

                                        if (DIFF(l1_new, l2_new) < DIFF(l1, l2)) {
                                                w->linebreak = 1;
                                                s2->linebreak = 0;
                                                exit = 0;
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                        if (i == text_info.length)
                                break;
                }
                
        }
        assert(text_info.n_lines >= 1);
#undef DIFF
        
        measure_text();

        pen_shift_x = 0;
        pen_shift_y = 0;
        cur_line = 1;
        for (i = 0; i < text_info.length; ++i) {
                cur = text_info.glyphs + i;
                if (cur->linebreak) {
                        int height = text_info.lines[cur_line - 1].desc + text_info.lines[cur_line].asc;
                        cur_line ++;
                        pen_shift_x = - cur->pos.x;
                        pen_shift_y += d6_to_int(height + double_to_d6(global_settings->line_spacing));
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "shifting from %d to %d by (%d, %d)\n", i, text_info.length - 1, pen_shift_x, pen_shift_y);
                }
                cur->pos.x += pen_shift_x;
                cur->pos.y += pen_shift_y;
        }
}

/**
 * \brief determine karaoke effects
 * Karaoke effects cannot be calculated during parse stage (get_next_char()),
 * so they are done in a separate step.
 * Parse stage: when karaoke style override is found, its parameters are stored in the next glyph's 
 * (the first glyph of the karaoke word)'s effect_type and effect_timing.
 * This function:
 * 1. sets effect_type for all glyphs in the word (_karaoke_ word)
 * 2. sets effect_timing for all glyphs to x coordinate of the border line between the left and right karaoke parts
 * (left part is filled with PrimaryColour, right one - with SecondaryColour).
 */
static void process_karaoke_effects(void)
{
        glyph_info_t *cur, *cur2;
        glyph_info_t *s1, *e1; // start and end of the current word
        glyph_info_t *s2; // start of the next word
        int i;
        int timing; // current timing
        int tm_start, tm_end; // timings at start and end of the current word
        int tm_current;
        double dt;
        int x;
        int x_start, x_end;

        tm_current = frame_context.time - render_context.event->Start;
        timing = 0;
        s1 = s2 = 0;
        for (i = 0; i <= text_info.length; ++i) {
                cur = text_info.glyphs + i;
                if ((i == text_info.length) || (cur->effect_type != EF_NONE)) {
                        s1 = s2;
                        s2 = cur;
                        if (s1) {
                                e1 = s2 - 1;
                                tm_start = timing + s1->effect_skip_timing;
                                tm_end = tm_start + s1->effect_timing;
                                timing = tm_end;
                                x_start = 1000000;
                                x_end = -1000000;
                                for (cur2 = s1; cur2 <= e1; ++cur2) {
                                        x_start = FFMIN(x_start, cur2->bbox.xMin + cur2->pos.x);
                                        x_end = FFMAX(x_end, cur2->bbox.xMax + cur2->pos.x);
                                }

                                dt = (tm_current - tm_start);
                                if ((s1->effect_type == EF_KARAOKE) || (s1->effect_type == EF_KARAOKE_KO)) {
                                        if (dt > 0)
                                                x = x_end + 1;
                                        else
                                                x = x_start;
                                } else if (s1->effect_type == EF_KARAOKE_KF) {
                                        dt /= (tm_end - tm_start);
                                        x = x_start + (x_end - x_start) * dt;
                                } else {
                                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_ERR, MSGTR_LIBASS_UnknownEffectType_InternalError);
                                        continue;
                                }

                                for (cur2 = s1; cur2 <= e1; ++cur2) {
                                        cur2->effect_type = s1->effect_type;
                                        cur2->effect_timing = x - cur2->pos.x;
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
}

/**
 * \brief Calculate base point for positioning and rotation
 * \param bbox text bbox
 * \param alignment alignment
 * \param bx, by out: base point coordinates
 */
static void get_base_point(FT_BBox bbox, int alignment, int* bx, int* by)
{
        const int halign = alignment & 3;
        const int valign = alignment & 12;
        if (bx)
                switch(halign) {
                case HALIGN_LEFT:
                        *bx = bbox.xMin;
                        break;
                case HALIGN_CENTER:
                        *bx = (bbox.xMax + bbox.xMin) / 2;
                        break;
                case HALIGN_RIGHT:
                        *bx = bbox.xMax;
                        break;
                }
        if (by)
                switch(valign) {
                case VALIGN_TOP:
                        *by = bbox.yMin;
                        break;
                case VALIGN_CENTER:
                        *by = (bbox.yMax + bbox.yMin) / 2;
                        break;
                case VALIGN_SUB:
                        *by = bbox.yMax;
                        break;
                }
}

/**
 * \brief Multiply 4-vector by 4-matrix
 * \param a 4-vector
 * \param m 4-matrix]
 * \param b out: 4-vector
 * Calculates a * m and stores result in b
 */
static inline void transform_point_3d(double *a, double *m, double *b)
{
        b[0] = a[0] * m[0] + a[1] * m[4] + a[2] * m[8] +  a[3] * m[12];
        b[1] = a[0] * m[1] + a[1] * m[5] + a[2] * m[9] +  a[3] * m[13];
        b[2] = a[0] * m[2] + a[1] * m[6] + a[2] * m[10] + a[3] * m[14];
        b[3] = a[0] * m[3] + a[1] * m[7] + a[2] * m[11] + a[3] * m[15];
}

/**
 * \brief Apply 3d transformation to a vector
 * \param v FreeType vector (2d)
 * \param m 4-matrix
 * Transforms v by m, projects the result back to the screen plane
 * Result is returned in v.
 */
static inline void transform_vector_3d(FT_Vector* v, double *m) {
        const double camera = 2500 * frame_context.border_scale; // camera distance
        const double cutoff_z = 10.;
        double a[4], b[4];
        a[0] = d6_to_double(v->x);
        a[1] = d6_to_double(v->y);
        a[2] = 0.;
        a[3] = 1.;
        transform_point_3d(a, m, b);
        /* Apply perspective projection with the following matrix:
           2500     0     0     0
              0  2500     0     0
              0     0     0     0
              0     0     8     2500
           where 2500 is camera distance, 8 - z-axis scale.
           Camera is always located in (org_x, org_y, -2500). This means
           that different subtitle events can be displayed at the same time
           using different cameras. */
        b[0] *= camera;
        b[1] *= camera;
        b[3] = 8 * b[2] + camera;
        if (b[3] < cutoff_z)
                b[3] = cutoff_z;
        v->x = double_to_d6(b[0] / b[3]);
        v->y = double_to_d6(b[1] / b[3]);
}

/**
 * \brief Apply 3d transformation to a glyph
 * \param glyph FreeType glyph
 * \param m 4-matrix
 * Transforms glyph by m, projects the result back to the screen plane
 * Result is returned in glyph.
 */
static inline void transform_glyph_3d(FT_Glyph glyph, double *m, FT_Vector shift) {
        int i;
        FT_Outline* outline = &((FT_OutlineGlyph)glyph)->outline;
        FT_Vector* p = outline->points;

        for (i=0; i<outline->n_points; i++) {
                p[i].x += shift.x;
                p[i].y += shift.y;
                transform_vector_3d(p + i, m);
                p[i].x -= shift.x;
                p[i].y -= shift.y;
        }

        //transform_vector_3d(&glyph->advance, m);
}

/**
 * \brief Apply 3d transformation to several objects
 * \param shift FreeType vector
 * \param glyph FreeType glyph
 * \param glyph2 FreeType glyph
 * \param frx x-axis rotation angle
 * \param fry y-axis rotation angle
 * \param frz z-axis rotation angle
 * Rotates both glyphs by frx, fry and frz. Shift vector is added before rotation and subtracted after it.
 */
static void transform_3d(FT_Vector shift, FT_Glyph* glyph, FT_Glyph* glyph2, double frx, double fry, double frz)
{
        fry = - fry; // FreeType's y axis goes in the opposite direction
        if (frx != 0. || fry != 0. || frz != 0.) {
                double m[16];
                double sx = sin(frx);
                double sy = sin(fry);
                double sz = sin(frz);
                double cx = cos(frx);
                double cy = cos(fry);
                double cz = cos(frz);
                m[0] = cy * cz;            m[1] = cy*sz;              m[2]  = -sy;    m[3] = 0.0;
                m[4] = -cx*sz + sx*sy*cz;  m[5] = cx*cz + sx*sy*sz;   m[6]  = sx*cy;  m[7] = 0.0;
                m[8] = sx*sz + cx*sy*cz;   m[9] = -sx*cz + cx*sy*sz;  m[10] = cx*cy;  m[11] = 0.0;
                m[12] = 0.0;               m[13] = 0.0;               m[14] = 0.0;    m[15] = 1.0;

                if (glyph && *glyph)
                        transform_glyph_3d(*glyph, m, shift);

                if (glyph2 && *glyph2)
                        transform_glyph_3d(*glyph2, m, shift);
        }
}

/**
 * \brief Main ass rendering function, glues everything together
 * \param event event to render
 * Process event, appending resulting ass_image_t's to images_root.
 */
static int ass_render_event(ass_event_t* event, event_images_t* event_images)
{
        char* p;
        FT_UInt previous; 
        FT_UInt num_glyphs;
        FT_Vector pen;
        unsigned code;
        FT_BBox bbox;
        int i, j;
        FT_Vector shift;
        int MarginL, MarginR, MarginV;
        int last_break;
        int alignment, halign, valign;
        int device_x = 0, device_y = 0;

        if (event->Style >= frame_context.track->n_styles) {
                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_WARN, MSGTR_LIBASS_NoStyleFound);
                return 1;
        }
        if (!event->Text) {
                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_WARN, MSGTR_LIBASS_EmptyEvent);
                return 1;
        }

        init_render_context(event);

        text_info.length = 0;
        pen.x = 0;
        pen.y = 0;
        previous = 0;
        num_glyphs = 0;
        p = event->Text;
        // Event parsing.
        while (1) {
                // get next char, executing style override
                // this affects render_context
                do {
                        code = get_next_char(&p);
                } while (code && render_context.drawing_mode); // skip everything in drawing mode
                
                // face could have been changed in get_next_char
                if (!render_context.font) {
                        free_render_context();
                        return 1;
                }

                if (code == 0)
                        break;

                if (text_info.length >= MAX_GLYPHS) {
                        mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_WARN, MSGTR_LIBASS_MAX_GLYPHS_Reached, 
                                        (int)(event - frame_context.track->events), event->Start, event->Duration, event->Text);
                        break;
                }

                if ( previous && code ) {
                        FT_Vector delta;
                        delta = ass_font_get_kerning(render_context.font, previous, code);
                        pen.x += delta.x * render_context.scale_x;
                        pen.y += delta.y * render_context.scale_y;
                }

                shift.x = pen.x & SUBPIXEL_MASK;
                shift.y = pen.y & SUBPIXEL_MASK;

                if (render_context.evt_type == EVENT_POSITIONED) {
                        shift.x += double_to_d6(x2scr_pos(render_context.pos_x)) & SUBPIXEL_MASK;
                        shift.y -= double_to_d6(y2scr_pos(render_context.pos_y)) & SUBPIXEL_MASK;
                }

                ass_font_set_transform(render_context.font,
                                       render_context.scale_x * frame_context.font_scale_x,
                                       render_context.scale_y,
                                       &shift );

                get_outline_glyph(code, text_info.glyphs + text_info.length, &shift);
                
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].pos.x = pen.x >> 6;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].pos.y = pen.y >> 6;
                
                pen.x += text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].advance.x;
                pen.x += double_to_d6(render_context.hspacing);
                pen.y += text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].advance.y;
                
                previous = code;

                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].symbol = code;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].linebreak = 0;
                for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
                        uint32_t clr = render_context.c[i];
                        change_alpha(&clr, mult_alpha(_a(clr), render_context.fade), 1.);
                        text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].c[i] = clr;
                }
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].effect_type = render_context.effect_type;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].effect_timing = render_context.effect_timing;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].effect_skip_timing = render_context.effect_skip_timing;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].be = render_context.be;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].blur = render_context.blur;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].shadow = render_context.shadow;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].frx = render_context.frx;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].fry = render_context.fry;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].frz = render_context.frz;
                ass_font_get_asc_desc(render_context.font, code,
                                      &text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].asc,
                                      &text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].desc);
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].asc *= render_context.scale_y;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].desc *= render_context.scale_y;

                // fill bitmap_hash_key
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].hash_key.font = render_context.font;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].hash_key.size = render_context.font_size;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].hash_key.outline = render_context.border * 0xFFFF;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].hash_key.scale_x = render_context.scale_x * 0xFFFF;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].hash_key.scale_y = render_context.scale_y * 0xFFFF;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].hash_key.frx = render_context.frx * 0xFFFF;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].hash_key.fry = render_context.fry * 0xFFFF;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].hash_key.frz = render_context.frz * 0xFFFF;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].hash_key.bold = render_context.bold;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].hash_key.italic = render_context.italic;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].hash_key.ch = code;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].hash_key.advance = shift;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].hash_key.be = render_context.be;
                text_info.glyphs[text_info.length].hash_key.blur = render_context.blur;

                text_info.length++;

                render_context.effect_type = EF_NONE;
                render_context.effect_timing = 0;
                render_context.effect_skip_timing = 0;
        }
        
        if (text_info.length == 0) {
                // no valid symbols in the event; this can be smth like {comment}
                free_render_context();
                return 1;
        }
        
        // depends on glyph x coordinates being monotonous, so it should be done before line wrap
        process_karaoke_effects();
        
        // alignments
        alignment = render_context.alignment;
        halign = alignment & 3;
        valign = alignment & 12;

        MarginL = (event->MarginL) ? event->MarginL : render_context.style->MarginL; 
        MarginR = (event->MarginR) ? event->MarginR : render_context.style->MarginR; 
        MarginV = (event->MarginV) ? event->MarginV : render_context.style->MarginV;

        if (render_context.evt_type != EVENT_HSCROLL) {
                int max_text_width;

                // calculate max length of a line
                max_text_width = x2scr(frame_context.track->PlayResX - MarginR) - x2scr(MarginL);

                // rearrange text in several lines
                wrap_lines_smart(max_text_width);

                // align text
                last_break = -1;
                for (i = 1; i < text_info.length + 1; ++i) { // (text_info.length + 1) is the end of the last line
                        if ((i == text_info.length) || text_info.glyphs[i].linebreak) {
                                int width, shift = 0;
                                glyph_info_t* first_glyph = text_info.glyphs + last_break + 1;
                                glyph_info_t* last_glyph = text_info.glyphs + i - 1;

                                while ((last_glyph > first_glyph) && ((last_glyph->symbol == '\n') || (last_glyph->symbol == 0)))
                                        last_glyph --;

                                width = last_glyph->pos.x + d6_to_int(last_glyph->advance.x) - first_glyph->pos.x;
                                if (halign == HALIGN_LEFT) { // left aligned, no action
                                        shift = 0;
                                } else if (halign == HALIGN_RIGHT) { // right aligned
                                        shift = max_text_width - width;
                                } else if (halign == HALIGN_CENTER) { // centered
                                        shift = (max_text_width - width) / 2;
                                }
                                for (j = last_break + 1; j < i; ++j) {
                                        text_info.glyphs[j].pos.x += shift;
                                }
                                last_break = i - 1;
                        }
                }
        } else { // render_context.evt_type == EVENT_HSCROLL
                measure_text();
        }
        
        // determing text bounding box
        compute_string_bbox(&text_info, &bbox);
        
        // determine device coordinates for text
        
        // x coordinate for everything except positioned events
        if (render_context.evt_type == EVENT_NORMAL ||
            render_context.evt_type == EVENT_VSCROLL) {
                device_x = x2scr(MarginL);
        } else if (render_context.evt_type == EVENT_HSCROLL) {
                if (render_context.scroll_direction == SCROLL_RL)
                        device_x = x2scr(frame_context.track->PlayResX - render_context.scroll_shift);
                else if (render_context.scroll_direction == SCROLL_LR)
                        device_x = x2scr(render_context.scroll_shift) - (bbox.xMax - bbox.xMin);
        }

        // y coordinate for everything except positioned events
        if (render_context.evt_type == EVENT_NORMAL ||
            render_context.evt_type == EVENT_HSCROLL) {
                if (valign == VALIGN_TOP) { // toptitle
                        device_y = y2scr_top(MarginV) + d6_to_int(text_info.lines[0].asc);
                } else if (valign == VALIGN_CENTER) { // midtitle
                        int scr_y = y2scr(frame_context.track->PlayResY / 2);
                        device_y = scr_y - (bbox.yMax - bbox.yMin) / 2;
                } else { // subtitle
                        int scr_y;
                        if (valign != VALIGN_SUB)
                                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_V, "Invalid valign, supposing 0 (subtitle)\n");
                        scr_y = y2scr_sub(frame_context.track->PlayResY - MarginV);
                        device_y = scr_y;
                        device_y -= d6_to_int(text_info.height);
                        device_y += d6_to_int(text_info.lines[0].asc);
                }
        } else if (render_context.evt_type == EVENT_VSCROLL) {
                if (render_context.scroll_direction == SCROLL_TB)
                        device_y = y2scr(render_context.clip_y0 + render_context.scroll_shift) - (bbox.yMax - bbox.yMin);
                else if (render_context.scroll_direction == SCROLL_BT)
                        device_y = y2scr(render_context.clip_y1 - render_context.scroll_shift);
        }

        // positioned events are totally different
        if (render_context.evt_type == EVENT_POSITIONED) {
                int base_x = 0;
                int base_y = 0;
                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_DBG2, "positioned event at %f, %f\n", render_context.pos_x, render_context.pos_y);
                get_base_point(bbox, alignment, &base_x, &base_y);
                device_x = x2scr_pos(render_context.pos_x) - base_x;
                device_y = y2scr_pos(render_context.pos_y) - base_y;
        }
        
        // fix clip coordinates (they depend on alignment)
        render_context.clip_x0 = x2scr(render_context.clip_x0);
        render_context.clip_x1 = x2scr(render_context.clip_x1);
        if (render_context.evt_type == EVENT_NORMAL ||
            render_context.evt_type == EVENT_HSCROLL ||
            render_context.evt_type == EVENT_VSCROLL) {
                if (valign == VALIGN_TOP) {
                        render_context.clip_y0 = y2scr_top(render_context.clip_y0);
                        render_context.clip_y1 = y2scr_top(render_context.clip_y1);
                } else if (valign == VALIGN_CENTER) {
                        render_context.clip_y0 = y2scr(render_context.clip_y0);
                        render_context.clip_y1 = y2scr(render_context.clip_y1);
                } else if (valign == VALIGN_SUB) {
                        render_context.clip_y0 = y2scr_sub(render_context.clip_y0);
                        render_context.clip_y1 = y2scr_sub(render_context.clip_y1);
                }
        } else if (render_context.evt_type == EVENT_POSITIONED) {
                render_context.clip_y0 = y2scr(render_context.clip_y0);
                render_context.clip_y1 = y2scr(render_context.clip_y1);
        }

        // calculate rotation parameters
        {
                FT_Vector center;
                
                if (render_context.have_origin) {
                        center.x = x2scr(render_context.org_x);
                        center.y = y2scr(render_context.org_y);
                } else {
                        int bx = 0, by = 0;
                        get_base_point(bbox, alignment, &bx, &by);
                        center.x = device_x + bx;
                        center.y = device_y + by;
                }

                for (i = 0; i < text_info.length; ++i) {
                        glyph_info_t* info = text_info.glyphs + i;

                        if (info->hash_key.frx || info->hash_key.fry || info->hash_key.frz) {
                                info->hash_key.shift_x = info->pos.x + device_x - center.x;
                                info->hash_key.shift_y = - (info->pos.y + device_y - center.y);
                        } else {
                                info->hash_key.shift_x = 0;
                                info->hash_key.shift_y = 0;
                        }
                }
        }

        // convert glyphs to bitmaps
        for (i = 0; i < text_info.length; ++i)
                get_bitmap_glyph(text_info.glyphs + i);

        event_images->top = device_y - d6_to_int(text_info.lines[0].asc);
        event_images->height = d6_to_int(text_info.height);
        event_images->detect_collisions = render_context.detect_collisions;
        event_images->shift_direction = (valign == VALIGN_TOP) ? 1 : -1;
        event_images->event = event;
        event_images->imgs = render_text(&text_info, device_x, device_y);

        free_render_context();
        
        return 0;
}

/**
 * \brief deallocate image list
 * \param img list pointer
 */
void ass_free_images(ass_image_t* img)
{
        while (img) {
                ass_image_t* next = img->next;
                free(img);
                img = next;
        }
}

static void ass_reconfigure(ass_renderer_t* priv)
{
        priv->render_id = ++last_render_id;
        ass_glyph_cache_reset();
        ass_bitmap_cache_reset();
        ass_composite_cache_reset();
        ass_free_images(priv->prev_images_root);
        priv->prev_images_root = 0;
}

void ass_set_frame_size(ass_renderer_t* priv, int w, int h)
{
        if (priv->settings.frame_width != w || priv->settings.frame_height != h) {
                priv->settings.frame_width = w;
                priv->settings.frame_height = h;
                if (priv->settings.aspect == 0.)
                        priv->settings.aspect = ((double)w) / h;
                ass_reconfigure(priv);
        }
}

void ass_set_margins(ass_renderer_t* priv, int t, int b, int l, int r)
{
        if (priv->settings.left_margin != l ||
            priv->settings.right_margin != r ||
            priv->settings.top_margin != t ||
            priv->settings.bottom_margin != b) {
                priv->settings.left_margin = l;
                priv->settings.right_margin = r;
                priv->settings.top_margin = t;
                priv->settings.bottom_margin = b;
                ass_reconfigure(priv);
        }
}

void ass_set_use_margins(ass_renderer_t* priv, int use)
{
        priv->settings.use_margins = use;
}

void ass_set_aspect_ratio(ass_renderer_t* priv, double ar)
{
        if (priv->settings.aspect != ar) {
                priv->settings.aspect = ar;
                ass_reconfigure(priv);
        }
}

void ass_set_font_scale(ass_renderer_t* priv, double font_scale)
{
        if (priv->settings.font_size_coeff != font_scale) {
                priv->settings.font_size_coeff = font_scale;
                ass_reconfigure(priv);
        }
}

void ass_set_hinting(ass_renderer_t* priv, ass_hinting_t ht)
{
        if (priv->settings.hinting != ht) {
                priv->settings.hinting = ht;
                ass_reconfigure(priv);
        }
}

void ass_set_line_spacing(ass_renderer_t* priv, double line_spacing)
{
        priv->settings.line_spacing = line_spacing;
}

static int ass_set_fonts_(ass_renderer_t* priv, const char* default_font, const char* default_family, int fc)
{
        if (priv->settings.default_font)
                free(priv->settings.default_font);
        if (priv->settings.default_family)
                free(priv->settings.default_family);

        priv->settings.default_font = default_font ? strdup(default_font) : 0;
        priv->settings.default_family = default_family ? strdup(default_family) : 0;

        if (priv->fontconfig_priv)
                fontconfig_done(priv->fontconfig_priv);
        priv->fontconfig_priv = fontconfig_init(priv->library, priv->ftlibrary, default_family, default_font, fc);

        return !!priv->fontconfig_priv;
}

int ass_set_fonts(ass_renderer_t* priv, const char* default_font, const char* default_family)
{
        return ass_set_fonts_(priv, default_font, default_family, 1);
}

int ass_set_fonts_nofc(ass_renderer_t* priv, const char* default_font, const char* default_family)
{
        return ass_set_fonts_(priv, default_font, default_family, 0);
}

/**
 * \brief Start a new frame
 */
static int ass_start_frame(ass_renderer_t *priv, ass_track_t* track, long long now)
{
        ass_renderer = priv;
        global_settings = &priv->settings;

        if (!priv->settings.frame_width && !priv->settings.frame_height)
                return 1; // library not initialized

        if (track->n_events == 0)
                return 1; // nothing to do
        
        frame_context.ass_priv = priv;
        frame_context.width = global_settings->frame_width;
        frame_context.height = global_settings->frame_height;
        frame_context.orig_width = global_settings->frame_width - global_settings->left_margin - global_settings->right_margin;
        frame_context.orig_height = global_settings->frame_height - global_settings->top_margin - global_settings->bottom_margin;
        frame_context.orig_width_nocrop = global_settings->frame_width -
                FFMAX(global_settings->left_margin, 0) -
                FFMAX(global_settings->right_margin, 0);
        frame_context.orig_height_nocrop = global_settings->frame_height -
                FFMAX(global_settings->top_margin, 0) -
                FFMAX(global_settings->bottom_margin, 0);
        frame_context.track = track;
        frame_context.time = now;

        ass_lazy_track_init();
        
        frame_context.font_scale = global_settings->font_size_coeff *
                                   frame_context.orig_height / frame_context.track->PlayResY;
        if (frame_context.track->ScaledBorderAndShadow)
                frame_context.border_scale = ((double)frame_context.orig_height) / frame_context.track->PlayResY;
        else
                frame_context.border_scale = 1.;

        frame_context.font_scale_x = 1.;

        priv->prev_images_root = priv->images_root;
        priv->images_root = 0;

        return 0;
}

static int cmp_event_layer(const void* p1, const void* p2)
{
        ass_event_t* e1 = ((event_images_t*)p1)->event;
        ass_event_t* e2 = ((event_images_t*)p2)->event;
        if (e1->Layer < e2->Layer)
                return -1;
        if (e1->Layer > e2->Layer)
                return 1;
        if (e1->ReadOrder < e2->ReadOrder)
                return -1;
        if (e1->ReadOrder > e2->ReadOrder)
                return 1;
        return 0;
}

#define MAX_EVENTS 100

static render_priv_t* get_render_priv(ass_event_t* event)
{
        if (!event->render_priv)
                event->render_priv = calloc(1, sizeof(render_priv_t));
        // FIXME: check render_id
        if (ass_renderer->render_id != event->render_priv->render_id) {
                memset(event->render_priv, 0, sizeof(render_priv_t));
                event->render_priv->render_id = ass_renderer->render_id;
        }
        return event->render_priv;
}

typedef struct segment_s {
        int a, b; // top and height
} segment_t;

static int overlap(segment_t* s1, segment_t* s2)
{
        if (s1->a >= s2->b || s2->a >= s1->b)
                return 0;
        return 1;
}

static int cmp_segment(const void* p1, const void* p2)
{
        return ((segment_t*)p1)->a - ((segment_t*)p2)->a;
}

static void shift_event(event_images_t* ei, int shift)
{
        ass_image_t* cur = ei->imgs;
        while (cur) {
                cur->dst_y += shift;
                // clip top and bottom
                if (cur->dst_y < 0) {
                        int clip = - cur->dst_y;
                        cur->h -= clip;
                        cur->bitmap += clip * cur->stride;
                        cur->dst_y = 0;
                }
                if (cur->dst_y + cur->h >= frame_context.height) {
                        int clip = cur->dst_y + cur->h - frame_context.height;
                        cur->h -= clip;
                }
                if (cur->h <= 0) {
                        cur->h = 0;
                        cur->dst_y = 0;
                }
                cur = cur->next;
        }
        ei->top += shift;
}

// dir: 1 - move down
//      -1 - move up
static int fit_segment(segment_t* s, segment_t* fixed, int* cnt, int dir)
{
        int i;
        int shift = 0;

        if (dir == 1) // move down
                for (i = 0; i < *cnt; ++i) {
                        if (s->b + shift <= fixed[i].a || s->a + shift >= fixed[i].b)
                                continue;
                        shift = fixed[i].b - s->a;
                }
        else // dir == -1, move up
                for (i = *cnt-1; i >= 0; --i) {
                        if (s->b + shift <= fixed[i].a || s->a + shift >= fixed[i].b)
                                continue;
                        shift = fixed[i].a - s->b;
                }

        fixed[*cnt].a = s->a + shift;
        fixed[*cnt].b = s->b + shift;
        (*cnt)++;
        qsort(fixed, *cnt, sizeof(segment_t), cmp_segment);
        
        return shift;
}

static void fix_collisions(event_images_t* imgs, int cnt)
{
        segment_t used[MAX_EVENTS];
        int cnt_used = 0;
        int i, j;

        // fill used[] with fixed events
        for (i = 0; i < cnt; ++i) {
                render_priv_t* priv;
                if (!imgs[i].detect_collisions) continue;
                priv = get_render_priv(imgs[i].event);
                if (priv->height > 0) { // it's a fixed event
                        segment_t s;
                        s.a = priv->top;
                        s.b = priv->top + priv->height;
                        if (priv->height != imgs[i].height) { // no, it's not
                                mp_msg(MSGT_ASS, MSGL_WARN, MSGTR_LIBASS_EventHeightHasChanged);
                                priv->top = 0;
                                priv->height = 0;
                        }
                        for (j = 0; j < cnt_used; ++j)
                                if (overlap(&s, used + j)) { // no, it's not
                                        priv->top = 0;
                                        priv->height = 0;
                                }
                        if (priv->height > 0) { // still a fixed event
                                used[cnt_used].a = priv->top;
                                used[cnt_used].b = priv->top + priv->height;
                                cnt_used ++;
                                shift_event(imgs + i, priv->top - imgs[i].top);
                        }
                }
        }
        qsort(used, cnt_used, sizeof(segment_t), cmp_segment);

        // try to fit other events in free spaces
        for (i = 0; i < cnt; ++i) {
                render_priv_t* priv;
                if (!imgs[i].detect_collisions) continue;
                priv = get_render_priv(imgs[i].event);
                if (priv->height == 0) { // not a fixed event
                        int shift;
                        segment_t s;
                        s.a = imgs[i].top;
                        s.b = imgs[i].top + imgs[i].height;
                        shift = fit_segment(&s, used, &cnt_used, imgs[i].shift_direction);
                        if (shift) shift_event(imgs + i, shift);
                        // make it fixed
                        priv->top = imgs[i].top;
                        priv->height = imgs[i].height;
                }
                
        }
}

/**
 * \brief compare two images
 * \param i1 first image
 * \param i2 second image
 * \return 0 if identical, 1 if different positions, 2 if different content
 */
int ass_image_compare(ass_image_t *i1, ass_image_t *i2)
{
        if (i1->w != i2->w) return 2;
        if (i1->h != i2->h) return 2;
        if (i1->stride != i2->stride) return 2;
        if (i1->color != i2->color) return 2;
        if (i1->bitmap != i2->bitmap)
                return 2;
        if (i1->dst_x != i2->dst_x) return 1;
        if (i1->dst_y != i2->dst_y) return 1;
        return 0;
}

/**
 * \brief compare current and previous image list
 * \param priv library handle
 * \return 0 if identical, 1 if different positions, 2 if different content
 */
int ass_detect_change(ass_renderer_t *priv)
{
        ass_image_t* img, *img2;
        int diff;

        img = priv->prev_images_root;
        img2 = priv->images_root;
        diff = 0;
        while (img && diff < 2) {
                ass_image_t* next, *next2;
                next = img->next;
                if (img2) {
                        int d = ass_image_compare(img, img2);
                        if (d > diff) diff = d;
                        next2 = img2->next;
                } else {
                        // previous list is shorter
                        diff = 2;
                        break;
                }
                img = next;
                img2 = next2;
        }

        // is the previous list longer?
        if (img2)
                diff = 2;

        return diff;
}

/**
 * \brief render a frame
 * \param priv library handle
 * \param track track
 * \param now current video timestamp (ms)
 * \param detect_change a value describing how the new images differ from the previous ones will be written here:
 *        0 if identical, 1 if different positions, 2 if different content.
 *        Can be NULL, in that case no detection is performed.
 */
ass_image_t* ass_render_frame(ass_renderer_t *priv, ass_track_t* track, long long now, int* detect_change)
{
        int i, cnt, rc;
        event_images_t* last;
        ass_image_t** tail;
        
        // init frame
        rc = ass_start_frame(priv, track, now);
        if (rc != 0)
                return 0;

        // render events separately
        cnt = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < track->n_events; ++i) {
                ass_event_t* event = track->events + i;
                if ( (event->Start <= now) && (now < (event->Start + event->Duration)) ) {
                        if (cnt >= priv->eimg_size) {
                                priv->eimg_size += 100;
                                priv->eimg = realloc(priv->eimg, priv->eimg_size * sizeof(event_images_t));
                        }
                        rc = ass_render_event(event, priv->eimg + cnt);
                        if (!rc) ++cnt;
                }
        }

        // sort by layer
        qsort(priv->eimg, cnt, sizeof(event_images_t), cmp_event_layer);

        // call fix_collisions for each group of events with the same layer
        last = priv->eimg;
        for (i = 1; i < cnt; ++i)
                if (last->event->Layer != priv->eimg[i].event->Layer) {
                        fix_collisions(last, priv->eimg + i - last);
                        last = priv->eimg + i;
                }
        if (cnt > 0)
                fix_collisions(last, priv->eimg + cnt - last);

        // concat lists
        tail = &ass_renderer->images_root;
        for (i = 0; i < cnt; ++i) {
                ass_image_t* cur = priv->eimg[i].imgs;
                while (cur) {
                        *tail = cur;
                        tail = &cur->next;
                        cur = cur->next;
                }
        }

        if (detect_change)
                *detect_change = ass_detect_change(priv);
        
        // free the previous image list
        ass_free_images(priv->prev_images_root);
        priv->prev_images_root = 0;

        return ass_renderer->images_root;
}