Merge branch 'fix/MDL-52666' of https://github.com/mikr0/moodle

[moodle.git] / lib / spout / README.md

# Spout

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Spout is a PHP library to read and write spreadsheet files (CSV, XLSX and ODS), in a fast and scalable way.
Contrary to other file readers or writers, it is capable of processing very large files while keeping the memory usage really low (less than 10MB).

Join the community and come discuss about Spout: [![Gitter](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/box/spout?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge)

## Installation

### Composer (recommended)

Spout can be installed directly from [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/).

Run the following command:
```
$ composer require box/spout
```

### Manual installation

If you can't use Composer, no worries! You can still install Spout manually.

> Before starting, make sure your system meets the [requirements](#requirements).

1. Download the source code from the [Releases page](https://github.com/box/spout/releases)
2. Extract the downloaded content into your project.
3. Add this code to the top controller (index.php) or wherever it may be more appropriate:
```php
require_once '[PATH/TO]/src/Spout/Autoloader/autoload.php'; // don't forget to change the path!
```


## Requirements

* PHP version 5.4.0 or higher
* PHP extension `php_zip` enabled
* PHP extension `php_xmlreader` enabled
* PHP extension `php_simplexml` enabled


## Basic usage

### Reader

Regardless of the file type, the interface to read a file is always the same:

```php
use Box\Spout\Reader\ReaderFactory;
use Box\Spout\Common\Type;

$reader = ReaderFactory::create(Type::XLSX); // for XLSX files
//$reader = ReaderFactory::create(Type::CSV); // for CSV files
//$reader = ReaderFactory::create(Type::ODS); // for ODS files

$reader->open($filePath);

foreach ($reader->getSheetIterator() as $sheet) {
    foreach ($sheet->getRowIterator() as $row) {
        // do stuff with the row
    }
}

$reader->close();
```

If there are multiple sheets in the file, the reader will read all of them sequentially.

### Writer

As with the reader, there is one common interface to write data to a file:

```php
use Box\Spout\Writer\WriterFactory;
use Box\Spout\Common\Type;

$writer = WriterFactory::create(Type::XLSX); // for XLSX files
//$writer = WriterFactory::create(Type::CSV); // for CSV files
//$writer = WriterFactory::create(Type::ODS); // for ODS files

$writer->openToFile($filePath); // write data to a file or to a PHP stream
//$writer->openToBrowser($fileName); // stream data directly to the browser

$writer->addRow($singleRow); // add a row at a time
$writer->addRows($multipleRows); // add multiple rows at a time

$writer->close();
```

For XLSX and ODS files, the number of rows per sheet is limited to 1,048,576. By default, once this limit is reached, the writer will automatically create a new sheet and continue writing data into it.


## Advanced usage

If you are looking for  how to perform some common, more advanced tasks with Spout, please take a look at the [Wiki](https://github.com/box/spout/wiki). It contains code snippets, ready to be used.

### Configuring the CSV reader and writer

It is possible to configure both the CSV reader and writer to specify the field separator as well as the field enclosure:
```php
use Box\Spout\Reader\ReaderFactory;
use Box\Spout\Common\Type;

$reader = ReaderFactory::create(Type::CSV);
$reader->setFieldDelimiter('|');
$reader->setFieldEnclosure('@');
$reader->setEndOfLineCharacter("\r");
```

Additionally, if you need to read non UTF-8 files, you can specify the encoding of your file this way:
```php
$reader->setEncoding('UTF-16LE');
```

The writer always generate CSV files encoded in UTF-8, with a BOM.


### Configuring the XLSX and ODS writers

#### Row styling

It is possible to apply some formatting options to a row. Spout supports fonts as well as alignment styles.

```php
use Box\Spout\Common\Type;
use Box\Spout\Writer\WriterFactory;
use Box\Spout\Writer\Style\StyleBuilder;
use Box\Spout\Writer\Style\Color;

$style = (new StyleBuilder())
           ->setFontBold()
           ->setFontSize(15)
           ->setFontColor(Color::BLUE)
           ->setShouldWrapText()
           ->build();

$writer = WriterFactory::create(Type::XLSX);
$writer->openToFile($filePath);

$writer->addRowWithStyle($singleRow, $style); // style will only be applied to this row
$writer->addRow($otherSingleRow); // no style will be applied
$writer->addRowsWithStyle($multipleRows, $style); // style will be applied to all given rows

$writer->close();
```

Unfortunately, Spout does not support all the possible formatting options yet. But you can find the most important ones:

Category  | Property      | API
----------|---------------|---------------------------------------
Font      | Bold          | `StyleBuilder::setFontBold()`
          | Italic        | `StyleBuilder::setFontItalic()`
          | Underline     | `StyleBuilder::setFontUnderline()`
          | Strikethrough | `StyleBuilder::setFontStrikethrough()`
          | Font name     | `StyleBuilder::setFontName('Arial')`
          | Font size     | `StyleBuilder::setFontSize(14)`
          | Font color    | `StyleBuilder::setFontColor(Color::BLUE)`<br>`StyleBuilder::setFontColor(Color::rgb(0, 128, 255))`
Alignment | Wrap text     | `StyleBuilder::setShouldWrapText()`


#### New sheet creation

It is also possible to change the behavior of the writer when the maximum number of rows (1,048,576) have been written in the current sheet:
```php
use Box\Spout\Writer\WriterFactory;
use Box\Spout\Common\Type;

$writer = WriterFactory::create(Type::ODS);
$writer->setShouldCreateNewSheetsAutomatically(true); // default value
$writer->setShouldCreateNewSheetsAutomatically(false); // will stop writing new data when limit is reached
```

#### Using custom temporary folder

Processing XLSX and ODS files require temporary files to be created. By default, Spout will use the system default temporary folder (as returned by `sys_get_temp_dir()`). It is possible to override this by explicitly setting it on the reader or writer:
```php
use Box\Spout\Writer\WriterFactory;
use Box\Spout\Common\Type;

$writer = WriterFactory::create(Type::XLSX);
$writer->setTempFolder($customTempFolderPath);
```

#### Strings storage (XLSX writer)

XLSX files support different ways to store the string values:
* Shared strings are meant to optimize file size by separating strings from the sheet representation and ignoring strings duplicates (if a string is used three times, only one string will be stored)
* Inline strings are less optimized (as duplicate strings are all stored) but is faster to process

In order to keep the memory usage really low, Spout does not optimize strings when using shared strings. It is nevertheless possible to use this mode.
```php
use Box\Spout\Writer\WriterFactory;
use Box\Spout\Common\Type;

$writer = WriterFactory::create(Type::XLSX);
$writer->setShouldUseInlineStrings(true); // default (and recommended) value
$writer->setShouldUseInlineStrings(false); // will use shared strings
```

> ##### Note on Apple Numbers and iOS support
>
> Apple's products (Numbers and the iOS previewer) don't support inline strings and display empty cells instead. Therefore, if these platforms need to be supported, make sure to use shared strings!


### Playing with sheets

When creating a XLSX or ODS file, it is possible to control which sheet the data will be written into. At any time, you can retrieve or set the current sheet:
```php
$firstSheet = $writer->getCurrentSheet();
$writer->addRow($rowForSheet1); // writes the row to the first sheet

$newSheet = $writer->addNewSheetAndMakeItCurrent();
$writer->addRow($rowForSheet2); // writes the row to the new sheet

$writer->setCurrentSheet($firstSheet);
$writer->addRow($anotherRowForSheet1); // append the row to the first sheet
```

It is also possible to retrieve all the sheets currently created:
```php
$sheets = $writer->getSheets();
```

If you rely on the sheet's name in your application, you can access it and customize it this way:
```php
// Accessing the sheet name when reading
foreach ($reader->getSheetIterator() as $sheet) {
    $sheetName = $sheet->getName();
}

// Accessing the sheet name when writing
$sheet = $writer->getCurrentSheet();
$sheetName = $sheet->getName();

// Customizing the sheet name when writing
$sheet = $writer->getCurrentSheet();
$sheet->setName('My custom name');
``` 

> Please note that Excel has some restrictions on the sheet's name:
> * it must not be blank
> * it must not exceed 31 characters
> * it must not contain these characters: \ / ? * : [ or ]
> * it must not start or end with a single quote
> * it must be unique
>
> Handling these restrictions is the developer's responsibility. Spout does not try to automatically change the sheet's name, as one may rely on this name to be exactly what was passed in.


### Fluent interface

Because fluent interfaces are great, you can use them with Spout:
```php
use Box\Spout\Writer\WriterFactory;
use Box\Spout\Common\Type;

$writer = WriterFactory::create(Type::XLSX);
$writer->setTempFolder($customTempFolderPath)
       ->setShouldUseInlineStrings(true)
       ->openToFile($filePath)
       ->addRow($headerRow)
       ->addRows($dataRows)
       ->close();
```


## Running tests

On the `master` branch, only unit and functional tests are included. The performance tests require very large files and have been excluded.
If you just want to check that everything is working as expected, executing the tests of the `master` branch is enough.

If you want to run performance tests, you will need to checkout the `perf-tests` branch. Multiple test suites can then be run, depending on the expected output:

* `phpunit` - runs the whole test suite (unit + functional + performance tests)
* `phpunit --exclude-group perf-tests` - only runs the unit and functional tests
* `phpunit --group perf-tests` - only runs the performance tests

For information, the performance tests take about 30 minutes to run (processing 1 million rows files is not a quick thing).

> Performance tests status: [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/box/spout.svg?branch=perf-tests)](https://travis-ci.org/box/spout)


## Frequently Asked Questions

#### How can Spout handle such large data sets and still use less than 10MB of memory?

When writing data, Spout is streaming the data to files, one or few lines at a time. That means that it only keeps in memory the few rows that it needs to write. Once written, the memory is freed.

Same goes with reading. Only one row at a time is stored in memory. A special technique is used to handle shared strings in XLSX, storing them - if needed - into several small temporary files that allows fast access.

#### How long does it take to generate a file with X rows?

Here are a few numbers regarding the performance of Spout:

| Type | Action                        | 2,000 rows (6,000 cells) | 200,000 rows (600,000 cells) | 2,000,000 rows (6,000,000 cells) |
|------|-------------------------------|--------------------------|------------------------------|----------------------------------|
| CSV  | Read                          | < 1 second               | 4 seconds                    | 2-3 minutes                      |
|      | Write                         | < 1 second               | 2 seconds                    | 2-3 minutes                      |
| XLSX | Read<br>*inline&nbsp;strings* | < 1 second               | 35-40 seconds                | 18-20 minutes                    |
|      | Read<br>*shared&nbsp;strings* | 1 second                 | 1-2 minutes                  | 35-40 minutes                    |
|      | Write                         | 1 second                 | 20-25 seconds                | 8-10 minutes                     |
| ODS  | Read                          | 1 second                 | 1-2 minutes                  | 5-6 minutes                      |
|      | Write                         | < 1 second               | 35-40 seconds                | 5-6 minutes                      |

#### Does Spout support charts or formulas?

No. This is a compromise to keep memory usage low. Charts and formulas requires data to be kept in memory in order to be used.
So the larger the file would be, the more memory would be consumed, preventing your code to scale well.


## Support

Need to contact us directly? Email oss@box.com and be sure to include the name of this project in the subject.

You can also ask questions, submit new features ideas or discuss about Spout in the chat room:<br>
[![Gitter](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/box/spout?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge)

## Copyright and License

Copyright 2015 Box, Inc. All rights reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.