2010-04-13 Rodrigo Kumpera <rkumpera@novell.com>

[mono.git] / mono / metadata / verify.c

/*
 * verify.c: 
 *
 * Author:
 *      Mono Project (http://www.mono-project.com)
 *
 * Copyright 2001-2003 Ximian, Inc (http://www.ximian.com)
 * Copyright 2004-2009 Novell, Inc (http://www.novell.com)
 */
#include <config.h>

#include <mono/metadata/object-internals.h>
#include <mono/metadata/verify.h>
#include <mono/metadata/verify-internals.h>
#include <mono/metadata/opcodes.h>
#include <mono/metadata/tabledefs.h>
#include <mono/metadata/reflection.h>
#include <mono/metadata/debug-helpers.h>
#include <mono/metadata/mono-endian.h>
#include <mono/metadata/metadata.h>
#include <mono/metadata/metadata-internals.h>
#include <mono/metadata/class-internals.h>
#include <mono/metadata/security-manager.h>
#include <mono/metadata/security-core-clr.h>
#include <mono/metadata/tokentype.h>
#include <mono/metadata/mono-basic-block.h>
#include <mono/utils/mono-counters.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <ctype.h>


static MiniVerifierMode verifier_mode = MONO_VERIFIER_MODE_OFF;
static gboolean verify_all = FALSE;

/*
 * Set the desired level of checks for the verfier.
 * 
 */
void
mono_verifier_set_mode (MiniVerifierMode mode)
{
        verifier_mode = mode;
}

void
mono_verifier_enable_verify_all ()
{
        verify_all = TRUE;
}

#ifndef DISABLE_VERIFIER
/*
 * Pull the list of opcodes
 */
#define OPDEF(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j) \
        a = i,

enum {
#include "mono/cil/opcode.def"
        LAST = 0xff
};
#undef OPDEF

#ifdef MONO_VERIFIER_DEBUG
#define VERIFIER_DEBUG(code) do { code } while (0)
#else
#define VERIFIER_DEBUG(code)
#endif

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define IS_STRICT_MODE(ctx) (((ctx)->level & MONO_VERIFY_NON_STRICT) == 0)
#define IS_FAIL_FAST_MODE(ctx) (((ctx)->level & MONO_VERIFY_FAIL_FAST) == MONO_VERIFY_FAIL_FAST)
#define IS_SKIP_VISIBILITY(ctx) (((ctx)->level & MONO_VERIFY_SKIP_VISIBILITY) == MONO_VERIFY_SKIP_VISIBILITY)
#define IS_REPORT_ALL_ERRORS(ctx) (((ctx)->level & MONO_VERIFY_REPORT_ALL_ERRORS) == MONO_VERIFY_REPORT_ALL_ERRORS)
#define CLEAR_PREFIX(ctx, prefix) do { (ctx)->prefix_set &= ~(prefix); } while (0)
#define ADD_VERIFY_INFO(__ctx, __msg, __status, __exception)    \
        do {    \
                MonoVerifyInfoExtended *vinfo = g_new (MonoVerifyInfoExtended, 1);      \
                vinfo->info.status = __status;  \
                vinfo->info.message = ( __msg );        \
                vinfo->exception_type = (__exception);  \
                (__ctx)->list = g_slist_prepend ((__ctx)->list, vinfo); \
        } while (0)

//TODO support MONO_VERIFY_REPORT_ALL_ERRORS
#define ADD_VERIFY_ERROR(__ctx, __msg)  \
        do {    \
                ADD_VERIFY_INFO(__ctx, __msg, MONO_VERIFY_ERROR, MONO_EXCEPTION_INVALID_PROGRAM); \
                (__ctx)->valid = 0; \
        } while (0)

#define CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE(__ctx, __msg) \
        do {    \
                if ((__ctx)->verifiable || IS_REPORT_ALL_ERRORS (__ctx)) { \
                        ADD_VERIFY_INFO(__ctx, __msg, MONO_VERIFY_NOT_VERIFIABLE, MONO_EXCEPTION_UNVERIFIABLE_IL); \
                        (__ctx)->verifiable = 0; \
                        if (IS_FAIL_FAST_MODE (__ctx)) \
                                (__ctx)->valid = 0; \
                } \
        } while (0)

#define ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2(__ctx, __msg, __exception)    \
        do {    \
                ADD_VERIFY_INFO(__ctx, __msg, MONO_VERIFY_ERROR, __exception); \
                (__ctx)->valid = 0; \
        } while (0)

#define CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE2(__ctx, __msg, __exception) \
        do {    \
                if ((__ctx)->verifiable || IS_REPORT_ALL_ERRORS (__ctx)) { \
                        ADD_VERIFY_INFO(__ctx, __msg, MONO_VERIFY_NOT_VERIFIABLE, __exception); \
                        (__ctx)->verifiable = 0; \
                        if (IS_FAIL_FAST_MODE (__ctx)) \
                                (__ctx)->valid = 0; \
                } \
        } while (0)

#define CHECK_ADD4_OVERFLOW_UN(a, b) ((guint32)(0xFFFFFFFFU) - (guint32)(b) < (guint32)(a))
#define CHECK_ADD8_OVERFLOW_UN(a, b) ((guint64)(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFUL) - (guint64)(b) < (guint64)(a))

#if SIZEOF_VOID_P == 4
#define CHECK_ADDP_OVERFLOW_UN(a,b) CHECK_ADD4_OVERFLOW_UN(a, b)
#else
#define CHECK_ADDP_OVERFLOW_UN(a,b) CHECK_ADD8_OVERFLOW_UN(a, b)
#endif

#define ADDP_IS_GREATER_OR_OVF(a, b, c) (((a) + (b) > (c)) || CHECK_ADDP_OVERFLOW_UN (a, b))
#define ADD_IS_GREATER_OR_OVF(a, b, c) (((a) + (b) > (c)) || CHECK_ADD4_OVERFLOW_UN (a, b))

/*Flags to be used with ILCodeDesc::flags */
enum {
        /*Instruction has not been processed.*/
        IL_CODE_FLAG_NOT_PROCESSED  = 0,
        /*Instruction was decoded by mono_method_verify loop.*/
        IL_CODE_FLAG_SEEN = 1,
        /*Instruction was target of a branch or is at a protected block boundary.*/
        IL_CODE_FLAG_WAS_TARGET = 2,
        /*Used by stack_init to avoid double initialize each entry.*/
        IL_CODE_FLAG_STACK_INITED = 4,
        /*Used by merge_stacks to decide if it should just copy the eval stack.*/
        IL_CODE_STACK_MERGED = 8,
        /*This instruction is part of the delegate construction sequence, it cannot be target of a branch.*/
        IL_CODE_DELEGATE_SEQUENCE = 0x10,
        /*This is a delegate created from a ldftn to a non final virtual method*/
        IL_CODE_LDFTN_DELEGATE_NONFINAL_VIRTUAL = 0x20,
        /*This is a call to a non final virtual method*/
        IL_CODE_CALL_NONFINAL_VIRTUAL = 0x40,
};

typedef enum {
        RESULT_VALID,
        RESULT_UNVERIFIABLE,
        RESULT_INVALID
} verify_result_t;

typedef struct {
        MonoType *type;
        int stype;
        MonoMethod *method;
} ILStackDesc;


typedef struct {
        ILStackDesc *stack;
        guint16 size, max_size;
        guint16 flags;
} ILCodeDesc;

typedef struct {
        int max_args;
        int max_stack;
        int verifiable;
        int valid;
        int level;

        int code_size;
        ILCodeDesc *code;
        ILCodeDesc eval;

        MonoType **params;
        GSList *list;
        /*Allocated fnptr MonoType that should be freed by us.*/
        GSList *funptrs;
        /*Type dup'ed exception types from catch blocks.*/
        GSList *exception_types;

        int num_locals;
        MonoType **locals;

        /*TODO get rid of target here, need_merge in mono_method_verify and hoist the merging code in the branching code*/
        int target;

        guint32 ip_offset;
        MonoMethodSignature *signature;
        MonoMethodHeader *header;

        MonoGenericContext *generic_context;
        MonoImage *image;
        MonoMethod *method;

        /*This flag helps solving a corner case of delegate verification in that you cannot have a "starg 0" 
         *on a method that creates a delegate for a non-final virtual method using ldftn*/
        gboolean has_this_store;

        /*This flag is used to control if the contructor of the parent class has been called.
         *If the this pointer is pushed on the eval stack and it's a reference type constructor and
         * super_ctor_called is false, the uninitialized flag is set on the pushed value.
         * 
         * Poping an uninitialized this ptr from the eval stack is an unverifiable operation unless
         * the safe variant is used. Only a few opcodes can use it : dup, pop, ldfld, stfld and call to a constructor.
         */
        gboolean super_ctor_called;

        guint32 prefix_set;
        gboolean has_flags;
        MonoType *constrained_type;
} VerifyContext;

static void
merge_stacks (VerifyContext *ctx, ILCodeDesc *from, ILCodeDesc *to, gboolean start, gboolean external);

static int
get_stack_type (MonoType *type);

static gboolean
mono_delegate_signature_equal (MonoMethodSignature *delegate_sig, MonoMethodSignature *method_sig, gboolean is_static_ldftn);

static gboolean
mono_class_is_valid_generic_instantiation (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoClass *klass);

static gboolean
mono_method_is_valid_generic_instantiation (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoMethod *method);
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////



enum {
        TYPE_INV = 0, /* leave at 0. */
        TYPE_I4  = 1,
        TYPE_I8  = 2,
        TYPE_NATIVE_INT = 3,
        TYPE_R8  = 4,
        /* Used by operator tables to resolve pointer types (managed & unmanaged) and by unmanaged pointer types*/
        TYPE_PTR  = 5,
        /* value types and classes */
        TYPE_COMPLEX = 6,
        /* Number of types, used to define the size of the tables*/
        TYPE_MAX = 6,

        /* Used by tables to signal that a result is not verifiable*/
        NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT = 0x80,

        /*Mask used to extract just the type, excluding flags */
        TYPE_MASK = 0x0F,

        /* The stack type is a managed pointer, unmask the value to res */
        POINTER_MASK = 0x100,
        
        /*Stack type with the pointer mask*/
        RAW_TYPE_MASK = 0x10F,

        /* Controlled Mutability Manager Pointer */
        CMMP_MASK = 0x200,

        /* The stack type is a null literal*/
        NULL_LITERAL_MASK = 0x400,
        
        /**Used by ldarg.0 and family to let delegate verification happens.*/
        THIS_POINTER_MASK = 0x800,

        /**Signals that this is a boxed value type*/
        BOXED_MASK = 0x1000,

        /*This is an unitialized this ref*/
        UNINIT_THIS_MASK = 0x2000,
};

static const char* const
type_names [TYPE_MAX + 1] = {
        "Invalid",
        "Int32",
        "Int64",
        "Native Int",
        "Float64",
        "Native Pointer",
        "Complex"       
};

enum {
        PREFIX_UNALIGNED = 1,
        PREFIX_VOLATILE  = 2,
        PREFIX_TAIL      = 4,
        PREFIX_CONSTRAINED = 8,
        PREFIX_READONLY = 16
};
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#ifdef ENABLE_VERIFIER_STATS

#define MEM_ALLOC(amt) do { allocated_memory += (amt); working_set += (amt); } while (0)
#define MEM_FREE(amt) do { working_set -= (amt); } while (0)

static int allocated_memory;
static int working_set;
static int max_allocated_memory;
static int max_working_set;
static int total_allocated_memory;

static void
finish_collect_stats (void)
{
        max_allocated_memory = MAX (max_allocated_memory, allocated_memory);
        max_working_set = MAX (max_working_set, working_set);
        total_allocated_memory += allocated_memory;
        allocated_memory = working_set = 0;
}

static void
init_verifier_stats (void)
{
        static gboolean inited;
        if (!inited) {
                inited = TRUE;
                mono_counters_register ("Maximum memory allocated during verification", MONO_COUNTER_METADATA | MONO_COUNTER_INT, &max_allocated_memory);
                mono_counters_register ("Maximum memory used during verification", MONO_COUNTER_METADATA | MONO_COUNTER_INT, &max_working_set);
                mono_counters_register ("Total memory allocated for verification", MONO_COUNTER_METADATA | MONO_COUNTER_INT, &total_allocated_memory);
        }
}

#else

#define MEM_ALLOC(amt) do {} while (0)
#define MEM_FREE(amt) do { } while (0)

#define finish_collect_stats()
#define init_verifier_stats()

#endif


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


/*Token validation macros and functions */
#define IS_MEMBER_REF(token) (mono_metadata_token_table (token) == MONO_TABLE_MEMBERREF)
#define IS_METHOD_DEF(token) (mono_metadata_token_table (token) == MONO_TABLE_METHOD)
#define IS_METHOD_SPEC(token) (mono_metadata_token_table (token) == MONO_TABLE_METHODSPEC)
#define IS_FIELD_DEF(token) (mono_metadata_token_table (token) == MONO_TABLE_FIELD)

#define IS_TYPE_REF(token) (mono_metadata_token_table (token) == MONO_TABLE_TYPEREF)
#define IS_TYPE_DEF(token) (mono_metadata_token_table (token) == MONO_TABLE_TYPEDEF)
#define IS_TYPE_SPEC(token) (mono_metadata_token_table (token) == MONO_TABLE_TYPESPEC)
#define IS_METHOD_DEF_OR_REF_OR_SPEC(token) (IS_METHOD_DEF (token) || IS_MEMBER_REF (token) || IS_METHOD_SPEC (token))
#define IS_TYPE_DEF_OR_REF_OR_SPEC(token) (IS_TYPE_DEF (token) || IS_TYPE_REF (token) || IS_TYPE_SPEC (token))
#define IS_FIELD_DEF_OR_REF(token) (IS_FIELD_DEF (token) || IS_MEMBER_REF (token))

/*
 * Verify if @token refers to a valid row on int's table.
 */
static gboolean
token_bounds_check (MonoImage *image, guint32 token)
{
        if (image->dynamic)
                return mono_reflection_is_valid_dynamic_token ((MonoDynamicImage*)image, token);
        return image->tables [mono_metadata_token_table (token)].rows >= mono_metadata_token_index (token);
}

static MonoType *
mono_type_create_fnptr_from_mono_method (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoMethod *method)
{
        MonoType *res = g_new0 (MonoType, 1);
        MEM_ALLOC (sizeof (MonoType));

        //FIXME use mono_method_get_signature_full
        res->data.method = mono_method_signature (method);
        res->type = MONO_TYPE_FNPTR;
        ctx->funptrs = g_slist_prepend (ctx->funptrs, res);
        return res;
}

/*
 * mono_type_is_enum_type:
 * 
 * Returns TRUE if @type is an enum type. 
 */
static gboolean
mono_type_is_enum_type (MonoType *type)
{
        if (type->type == MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE && type->data.klass->enumtype)
                return TRUE;
        if (type->type == MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST && type->data.generic_class->container_class->enumtype)
                return TRUE;
        return FALSE;
}

/*
 * mono_type_is_value_type:
 * 
 * Returns TRUE if @type is named after @namespace.@name.
 * 
 */
static gboolean
mono_type_is_value_type (MonoType *type, const char *namespace, const char *name)
{
        return type->type == MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE &&
                !strcmp (namespace, type->data.klass->name_space) &&
                !strcmp (name, type->data.klass->name);
}

/*
 * Returns TURE if @type is VAR or MVAR
 */
static gboolean
mono_type_is_generic_argument (MonoType *type)
{
        return type->type == MONO_TYPE_VAR || type->type == MONO_TYPE_MVAR;
}

/*
 * mono_type_get_underlying_type_any:
 * 
 * This functions is just like mono_type_get_underlying_type but it doesn't care if the type is byref.
 * 
 * Returns the underlying type of @type regardless if it is byref or not.
 */
static MonoType*
mono_type_get_underlying_type_any (MonoType *type)
{
        if (type->type == MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE && type->data.klass->enumtype)
                return mono_class_enum_basetype (type->data.klass);
        if (type->type == MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST && type->data.generic_class->container_class->enumtype)
                return mono_class_enum_basetype (type->data.generic_class->container_class);
        return type;
}

static G_GNUC_UNUSED const char*
mono_type_get_stack_name (MonoType *type)
{
        return type_names [get_stack_type (type) & TYPE_MASK];
}

#define CTOR_REQUIRED_FLAGS (METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_SPECIAL_NAME | METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_RT_SPECIAL_NAME)
#define CTOR_INVALID_FLAGS (METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC)

static gboolean
mono_method_is_constructor (MonoMethod *method) 
{
        return ((method->flags & CTOR_REQUIRED_FLAGS) == CTOR_REQUIRED_FLAGS &&
                        !(method->flags & CTOR_INVALID_FLAGS) &&
                        !strcmp (".ctor", method->name));
}

static gboolean
mono_class_has_default_constructor (MonoClass *klass)
{
        MonoMethod *method;
        int i;

        mono_class_setup_methods (klass);
        if (klass->exception_type)
                return FALSE;

        for (i = 0; i < klass->method.count; ++i) {
                method = klass->methods [i];
                if (mono_method_is_constructor (method) &&
                        mono_method_signature (method) &&
                        mono_method_signature (method)->param_count == 0 &&
                        (method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_MEMBER_ACCESS_MASK) == METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_PUBLIC)
                        return TRUE;
        }
        return FALSE;
}

/*
 * Verify if @type is valid for the given @ctx verification context.
 * this function checks for VAR and MVAR types that are invalid under the current verifier,
 */
static gboolean
mono_type_is_valid_type_in_context (MonoType *type, MonoGenericContext *context)
{
        int i;
        MonoGenericInst *inst;

        switch (type->type) {
        case MONO_TYPE_VAR:
        case MONO_TYPE_MVAR:
                if (!context)
                        return FALSE;
                inst = type->type == MONO_TYPE_VAR ? context->class_inst : context->method_inst;
                if (!inst || mono_type_get_generic_param_num (type) >= inst->type_argc)
                        return FALSE;
                break;
        case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY:
                return mono_type_is_valid_type_in_context (&type->data.klass->byval_arg, context);
        case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:
                return mono_type_is_valid_type_in_context (&type->data.array->eklass->byval_arg, context);
        case MONO_TYPE_PTR:
                return mono_type_is_valid_type_in_context (type->data.type, context);
        case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST:
                inst = type->data.generic_class->context.class_inst;
                if (!inst->is_open)
                        break;
                for (i = 0; i < inst->type_argc; ++i)
                        if (!mono_type_is_valid_type_in_context (inst->type_argv [i], context))
                                return FALSE;
                break;
        }
        return TRUE;
}

/*This function returns NULL if the type is not instantiatable*/
static MonoType*
verifier_inflate_type (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoType *type, MonoGenericContext *context)
{
        MonoError error;
        MonoType *result;

        result = mono_class_inflate_generic_type_checked (type, context, &error);
        if (!mono_error_ok (&error)) {
                mono_error_cleanup (&error);
                return NULL;
        }
        return result;
}


static gboolean
is_valid_generic_instantiation (MonoGenericContainer *gc, MonoGenericContext *context, MonoGenericInst *ginst)
{
        MonoError error;
        int i;

        if (ginst->type_argc != gc->type_argc)
                return FALSE;

        for (i = 0; i < gc->type_argc; ++i) {
                MonoGenericParamInfo *param_info = mono_generic_container_get_param_info (gc, i);
                MonoClass *paramClass;
                MonoClass **constraints;

                if (!param_info->constraints && !(param_info->flags & GENERIC_PARAMETER_ATTRIBUTE_SPECIAL_CONSTRAINTS_MASK))
                        continue;
                if (mono_type_is_generic_argument (ginst->type_argv [i]))
                        continue; //it's not our job to validate type variables

                paramClass = mono_class_from_mono_type (ginst->type_argv [i]);

                if (paramClass->exception_type != MONO_EXCEPTION_NONE)
                        return FALSE;

                /*it's not safe to call mono_class_init from here*/
                if (paramClass->generic_class && !paramClass->inited) {
                        if (!mono_class_is_valid_generic_instantiation (NULL, paramClass))
                                return FALSE;
                }

                if ((param_info->flags & GENERIC_PARAMETER_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE_CONSTRAINT) && (!paramClass->valuetype || mono_class_is_nullable (paramClass)))
                        return FALSE;

                if ((param_info->flags & GENERIC_PARAMETER_ATTRIBUTE_REFERENCE_TYPE_CONSTRAINT) && paramClass->valuetype)
                        return FALSE;

                if ((param_info->flags & GENERIC_PARAMETER_ATTRIBUTE_CONSTRUCTOR_CONSTRAINT) && !paramClass->valuetype && !mono_class_has_default_constructor (paramClass))
                        return FALSE;

                if (!param_info->constraints)
                        continue;

                for (constraints = param_info->constraints; *constraints; ++constraints) {
                        MonoClass *ctr = *constraints;
                        MonoType *inflated;

                        inflated = mono_class_inflate_generic_type_checked (&ctr->byval_arg, context, &error);
                        if (!mono_error_ok (&error)) {
                                mono_error_cleanup (&error);
                                return FALSE;
                        }
                        ctr = mono_class_from_mono_type (inflated);
                        mono_metadata_free_type (inflated);

                        if (!mono_class_is_assignable_from_slow (ctr, paramClass))
                                return FALSE;
                }
        }
        return TRUE;
}

/*
 * Return true if @candidate is constraint compatible with @target.
 * 
 * This means that @candidate constraints are a super set of @target constaints
 */
static gboolean
mono_generic_param_is_constraint_compatible (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoGenericParam *target, MonoGenericParam *candidate, MonoGenericContext *context)
{
        MonoGenericParamInfo *tinfo = mono_generic_param_info (target);
        MonoGenericParamInfo *cinfo = mono_generic_param_info (candidate);

        int tmask = tinfo->flags & GENERIC_PARAMETER_ATTRIBUTE_SPECIAL_CONSTRAINTS_MASK;
        int cmask = cinfo->flags & GENERIC_PARAMETER_ATTRIBUTE_SPECIAL_CONSTRAINTS_MASK;
        if ((tmask & cmask) != tmask)
                return FALSE;

        if (tinfo->constraints) {
                MonoClass **target_class, **candidate_class;
                if (!cinfo->constraints)
                        return FALSE;
                for (target_class = tinfo->constraints; *target_class; ++target_class) {
                        MonoClass *tc;
                        MonoType *inflated = verifier_inflate_type (ctx, &(*target_class)->byval_arg, context);
                        if (!inflated)
                                return FALSE;
                        tc = mono_class_from_mono_type (inflated);
                        mono_metadata_free_type (inflated);

                        for (candidate_class = cinfo->constraints; *candidate_class; ++candidate_class) {
                                MonoClass *cc;
                                inflated = verifier_inflate_type (ctx, &(*candidate_class)->byval_arg, ctx->generic_context);
                                if (!inflated)
                                        return FALSE;
                                cc = mono_class_from_mono_type (inflated);
                                mono_metadata_free_type (inflated);

                                if (mono_class_is_assignable_from (tc, cc))
                                        break;
                        }
                        if (!*candidate_class)
                                return FALSE;
                }
        }
        return TRUE;
}

static MonoGenericParam*
verifier_get_generic_param_from_type (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoType *type)
{
        MonoGenericContainer *gc;
        MonoMethod *method = ctx->method;
        int num;

        num = mono_type_get_generic_param_num (type);

        if (type->type == MONO_TYPE_VAR) {
                MonoClass *gtd = method->klass;
                if (gtd->generic_class)
                        gtd = gtd->generic_class->container_class;
                gc = gtd->generic_container;
        } else { //MVAR
                MonoMethod *gmd = method;
                if (method->is_inflated)
                        gmd = ((MonoMethodInflated*)method)->declaring;
                gc = mono_method_get_generic_container (gmd);
        }
        if (!gc)
                return FALSE;
        return mono_generic_container_get_param (gc, num);
}



/*
 * Verify if @type is valid for the given @ctx verification context.
 * this function checks for VAR and MVAR types that are invalid under the current verifier,
 * This means that it either 
 */
static gboolean
is_valid_type_in_context (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoType *type)
{
        return mono_type_is_valid_type_in_context (type, ctx->generic_context);
}

static gboolean
is_valid_generic_instantiation_in_context (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoGenericInst *ginst)
{
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < ginst->type_argc; ++i) {
                MonoType *type = ginst->type_argv [i];
                if (!is_valid_type_in_context (ctx, type))
                        return FALSE;
        }
        return TRUE;
}

static gboolean
generic_arguments_respect_constraints (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoGenericContainer *gc, MonoGenericContext *context, MonoGenericInst *ginst)
{
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < ginst->type_argc; ++i) {
                MonoType *type = ginst->type_argv [i];
                MonoGenericParam *target = mono_generic_container_get_param (gc, i);
                MonoGenericParam *candidate;

                if (!mono_type_is_generic_argument (type))
                        continue;

                if (!is_valid_type_in_context (ctx, type))
                        return FALSE;

                candidate = verifier_get_generic_param_from_type (ctx, type);

                if (!mono_generic_param_is_constraint_compatible (ctx, target, candidate, context))
                        return FALSE;
        }
        return TRUE;
}

static gboolean
mono_method_repect_method_constraints (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoMethod *method)
{
        MonoMethodInflated *gmethod = (MonoMethodInflated *)method;
        MonoGenericInst *ginst = gmethod->context.method_inst;
        MonoGenericContainer *gc = mono_method_get_generic_container (gmethod->declaring);
        return !gc || generic_arguments_respect_constraints (ctx, gc, &gmethod->context, ginst);
}

static gboolean
mono_class_repect_method_constraints (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoClass *klass)
{
        MonoGenericClass *gklass = klass->generic_class;
        MonoGenericInst *ginst = gklass->context.class_inst;
        MonoGenericContainer *gc = gklass->container_class->generic_container;
        return !gc || generic_arguments_respect_constraints (ctx, gc, &gklass->context, ginst);
}

static gboolean
mono_method_is_valid_generic_instantiation (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoMethod *method)
{
        MonoMethodInflated *gmethod = (MonoMethodInflated *)method;
        MonoGenericInst *ginst = gmethod->context.method_inst;
        MonoGenericContainer *gc = mono_method_get_generic_container (gmethod->declaring);
        if (!gc) /*non-generic inflated method - it's part of a generic type  */
                return TRUE;
        if (ctx && !is_valid_generic_instantiation_in_context (ctx, ginst))
                return FALSE;
        return is_valid_generic_instantiation (gc, &gmethod->context, ginst);

}

static gboolean
mono_class_is_valid_generic_instantiation (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoClass *klass)
{
        MonoGenericClass *gklass = klass->generic_class;
        MonoGenericInst *ginst = gklass->context.class_inst;
        MonoGenericContainer *gc = gklass->container_class->generic_container;
        if (ctx && !is_valid_generic_instantiation_in_context (ctx, ginst))
                return FALSE;
        return is_valid_generic_instantiation (gc, &gklass->context, ginst);
}

static gboolean
mono_type_is_valid_in_context (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoType *type)
{
        MonoClass *klass;

        if (type == NULL) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid null type at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_BAD_IMAGE);
                return FALSE;
        }

        if (!is_valid_type_in_context (ctx, type)) {
                char *str = mono_type_full_name (type);
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid generic type (%s%s) (argument out of range or %s is not generic) at 0x%04x",
                        type->type == MONO_TYPE_VAR ? "!" : "!!",
                        str,
                        type->type == MONO_TYPE_VAR ? "class" : "method",
                        ctx->ip_offset),
                        MONO_EXCEPTION_BAD_IMAGE);              
                g_free (str);
                return FALSE;
        }

        klass = mono_class_from_mono_type (type);
        mono_class_init (klass);
        if (mono_loader_get_last_error () || klass->exception_type != MONO_EXCEPTION_NONE) {
                if (klass->generic_class && !mono_class_is_valid_generic_instantiation (NULL, klass))
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid generic instantiation of type %s.%s at 0x%04x", klass->name_space, klass->name, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_TYPE_LOAD);
                else
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Could not load type %s.%s at 0x%04x", klass->name_space, klass->name, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_TYPE_LOAD);
                return FALSE;
        }

        if (klass->generic_class && klass->generic_class->container_class->exception_type != MONO_EXCEPTION_NONE) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Could not load type %s.%s at 0x%04x", klass->name_space, klass->name, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_TYPE_LOAD);
                return FALSE;
        }

        if (!klass->generic_class)
                return TRUE;

        if (!mono_class_is_valid_generic_instantiation (ctx, klass)) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid generic type instantiation of type %s.%s at 0x%04x", klass->name_space, klass->name, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_TYPE_LOAD);
                return FALSE;
        }

        if (!mono_class_repect_method_constraints (ctx, klass)) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid generic type instantiation of type %s.%s (generic args don't respect target's constraints) at 0x%04x", klass->name_space, klass->name, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_TYPE_LOAD);
                return FALSE;
        }

        return TRUE;
}

static verify_result_t
mono_method_is_valid_in_context (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoMethod *method)
{
        if (!mono_type_is_valid_in_context (ctx, &method->klass->byval_arg))
                return RESULT_INVALID;

        if (!method->is_inflated)
                return RESULT_VALID;

        if (!mono_method_is_valid_generic_instantiation (ctx, method)) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid generic method instantiation of method %s.%s::%s at 0x%04x", method->klass->name_space, method->klass->name, method->name, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_UNVERIFIABLE_IL);
                return RESULT_INVALID;
        }

        if (!mono_method_repect_method_constraints (ctx, method)) {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid generic method instantiation of method %s.%s::%s (generic args don't respect target's constraints) at 0x%04x", method->klass->name_space, method->klass->name, method->name, ctx->ip_offset));
                return RESULT_UNVERIFIABLE;
        }
        return RESULT_VALID;
}

        
static MonoClassField*
verifier_load_field (VerifyContext *ctx, int token, MonoClass **out_klass, const char *opcode) {
        MonoClassField *field;
        MonoClass *klass = NULL;

        if (!IS_FIELD_DEF_OR_REF (token) || !token_bounds_check (ctx->image, token)) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid field token 0x%08x for %s at 0x%04x", token, opcode, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_BAD_IMAGE);
                return NULL;
        }

        field = mono_field_from_token (ctx->image, token, &klass, ctx->generic_context);
        if (!field || !field->parent || !klass) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot load field from token 0x%08x for %s at 0x%04x", token, opcode, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_BAD_IMAGE);
                return NULL;
        }

        if (!mono_type_is_valid_in_context (ctx, &klass->byval_arg))
                return NULL;

        *out_klass = klass;
        return field;
}

static MonoMethod*
verifier_load_method (VerifyContext *ctx, int token, const char *opcode) {
        MonoMethod* method;
        
        if (!IS_METHOD_DEF_OR_REF_OR_SPEC (token) || !token_bounds_check (ctx->image, token)) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid method token 0x%08x for %s at 0x%04x", token, opcode, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_BAD_IMAGE);
                return NULL;
        }

        method = mono_get_method_full (ctx->image, token, NULL, ctx->generic_context);

        if (!method) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot load method from token 0x%08x for %s at 0x%04x", token, opcode, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_BAD_IMAGE);
                return NULL;
        }
        
        if (mono_method_is_valid_in_context (ctx, method) == RESULT_INVALID)
                return NULL;

        return method;
}

static MonoType*
verifier_load_type (VerifyContext *ctx, int token, const char *opcode) {
        MonoType* type;
        
        if (!IS_TYPE_DEF_OR_REF_OR_SPEC (token) || !token_bounds_check (ctx->image, token)) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid type token 0x%08x at 0x%04x", token, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_BAD_IMAGE);
                return NULL;
        }

        type = mono_type_get_full (ctx->image, token, ctx->generic_context);

        if (!type) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot load type from token 0x%08x for %s at 0x%04x", token, opcode, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_BAD_IMAGE);
                return NULL;
        }

        if (!mono_type_is_valid_in_context (ctx, type))
                return NULL;

        return type;
}


/* stack_slot_get_type:
 * 
 * Returns the stack type of @value. This value includes POINTER_MASK.
 * 
 * Use this function to checks that account for a managed pointer.
 */
static gint32
stack_slot_get_type (ILStackDesc *value)
{
        return value->stype & RAW_TYPE_MASK;
}

/* stack_slot_get_underlying_type:
 * 
 * Returns the stack type of @value. This value does not include POINTER_MASK.
 * 
 * Use this function is cases where the fact that the value could be a managed pointer is
 * irrelevant. For example, field load doesn't care about this fact of type on stack.
 */
static gint32
stack_slot_get_underlying_type (ILStackDesc *value)
{
        return value->stype & TYPE_MASK;
}

/* stack_slot_is_managed_pointer:
 * 
 * Returns TRUE is @value is a managed pointer.
 */
static gboolean
stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (ILStackDesc *value)
{
        return (value->stype & POINTER_MASK) == POINTER_MASK;
}

/* stack_slot_is_managed_mutability_pointer:
 * 
 * Returns TRUE is @value is a managed mutability pointer.
 */
static G_GNUC_UNUSED gboolean
stack_slot_is_managed_mutability_pointer (ILStackDesc *value)
{
        return (value->stype & CMMP_MASK) == CMMP_MASK;
}

/* stack_slot_is_null_literal:
 * 
 * Returns TRUE is @value is the null literal.
 */
static gboolean
stack_slot_is_null_literal (ILStackDesc *value)
{
        return (value->stype & NULL_LITERAL_MASK) == NULL_LITERAL_MASK;
}


/* stack_slot_is_this_pointer:
 * 
 * Returns TRUE is @value is the this literal
 */
static gboolean
stack_slot_is_this_pointer (ILStackDesc *value)
{
        return (value->stype & THIS_POINTER_MASK) == THIS_POINTER_MASK;
}

/* stack_slot_is_boxed_value:
 * 
 * Returns TRUE is @value is a boxed value
 */
static gboolean
stack_slot_is_boxed_value (ILStackDesc *value)
{
        return (value->stype & BOXED_MASK) == BOXED_MASK;
}

static const char *
stack_slot_get_name (ILStackDesc *value)
{
        return type_names [value->stype & TYPE_MASK];
}

#define APPEND_WITH_PREDICATE(PRED,NAME) do {\
        if (PRED (value)) { \
                if (!first) \
                        g_string_append (str, ", "); \
                g_string_append (str, NAME); \
                first = FALSE; \
        } } while (0)

static char*
stack_slot_stack_type_full_name (ILStackDesc *value)
{
        GString *str = g_string_new ("");
        char *result;
        gboolean has_pred = FALSE, first = TRUE;

        if ((value->stype & TYPE_MASK) != value->stype) {
                g_string_append(str, "[");
                APPEND_WITH_PREDICATE (stack_slot_is_this_pointer, "this");
                APPEND_WITH_PREDICATE (stack_slot_is_boxed_value, "boxed");
                APPEND_WITH_PREDICATE (stack_slot_is_null_literal, "null");
                APPEND_WITH_PREDICATE (stack_slot_is_managed_mutability_pointer, "cmmp");
                APPEND_WITH_PREDICATE (stack_slot_is_managed_pointer, "mp");
                has_pred = TRUE;
        }

        if (mono_type_is_generic_argument (value->type) && !stack_slot_is_boxed_value (value)) {
                if (!has_pred)
                        g_string_append(str, "[");
                if (!first)
                        g_string_append (str, ", ");
                g_string_append (str, "unboxed");
                has_pred = TRUE;
        }

        if (has_pred)
                g_string_append(str, "] ");

        g_string_append (str, stack_slot_get_name (value));
        result = str->str;
        g_string_free (str, FALSE);
        return result;
}

static char*
stack_slot_full_name (ILStackDesc *value)
{
        char *type_name = mono_type_full_name (value->type);
        char *stack_name = stack_slot_stack_type_full_name (value);
        char *res = g_strdup_printf ("%s (%s)", type_name, stack_name);
        g_free (type_name);
        g_free (stack_name);
        return res;
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void
mono_free_verify_list (GSList *list)
{
        MonoVerifyInfoExtended *info;
        GSList *tmp;

        for (tmp = list; tmp; tmp = tmp->next) {
                info = tmp->data;
                g_free (info->info.message);
                g_free (info);
        }
        g_slist_free (list);
}

#define ADD_ERROR(list,msg)     \
        do {    \
                MonoVerifyInfoExtended *vinfo = g_new (MonoVerifyInfoExtended, 1);      \
                vinfo->info.status = MONO_VERIFY_ERROR; \
                vinfo->info.message = (msg);    \
                (list) = g_slist_prepend ((list), vinfo);       \
        } while (0)

#define ADD_WARN(list,code,msg) \
        do {    \
                MonoVerifyInfoExtended *vinfo = g_new (MonoVerifyInfoExtended, 1);      \
                vinfo->info.status = (code);    \
                vinfo->info.message = (msg);    \
                (list) = g_slist_prepend ((list), vinfo);       \
        } while (0)

#define ADD_INVALID(list,msg)   \
        do {    \
                MonoVerifyInfoExtended *vinfo = g_new (MonoVerifyInfoExtended, 1);      \
                vinfo->status = MONO_VERIFY_ERROR;      \
                vinfo->message = (msg); \
                (list) = g_slist_prepend ((list), vinfo);       \
                /*G_BREAKPOINT ();*/    \
                goto invalid_cil;       \
        } while (0)

#define CHECK_STACK_UNDERFLOW(num)      \
        do {    \
                if (cur_stack < (num))  \
                        ADD_INVALID (list, g_strdup_printf ("Stack underflow at 0x%04x (%d items instead of %d)", ip_offset, cur_stack, (num)));        \
        } while (0)

#define CHECK_STACK_OVERFLOW()  \
        do {    \
                if (cur_stack >= max_stack)     \
                        ADD_INVALID (list, g_strdup_printf ("Maxstack exceeded at 0x%04x", ip_offset)); \
        } while (0)


static int
in_any_block (MonoMethodHeader *header, guint offset)
{
        int i;
        MonoExceptionClause *clause;

        for (i = 0; i < header->num_clauses; ++i) {
                clause = &header->clauses [i];
                if (MONO_OFFSET_IN_CLAUSE (clause, offset))
                        return 1;
                if (MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, offset))
                        return 1;
                if (MONO_OFFSET_IN_FILTER (clause, offset))
                        return 1;
        }
        return 0;
}

/*
 * in_any_exception_block:
 * 
 * Returns TRUE is @offset is part of any exception clause (filter, handler, catch, finally or fault).
 */
static gboolean
in_any_exception_block (MonoMethodHeader *header, guint offset)
{
        int i;
        MonoExceptionClause *clause;

        for (i = 0; i < header->num_clauses; ++i) {
                clause = &header->clauses [i];
                if (MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, offset))
                        return TRUE;
                if (MONO_OFFSET_IN_FILTER (clause, offset))
                        return TRUE;
        }
        return FALSE;
}

/*
 * is_valid_branch_instruction:
 *
 * Verify if it's valid to perform a branch from @offset to @target.
 * This should be used with br and brtrue/false.
 * It returns 0 if valid, 1 for unverifiable and 2 for invalid.
 * The major diferent from other similiar functions is that branching into a
 * finally/fault block is invalid instead of just unverifiable.  
 */
static int
is_valid_branch_instruction (MonoMethodHeader *header, guint offset, guint target)
{
        int i;
        MonoExceptionClause *clause;

        for (i = 0; i < header->num_clauses; ++i) {
                clause = &header->clauses [i];
                /*branching into a finally block is invalid*/
                if ((clause->flags == MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_FINALLY || clause->flags == MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_FAULT) &&
                        !MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, offset) &&
                        MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, target))
                        return 2;

                if (clause->try_offset != target && (MONO_OFFSET_IN_CLAUSE (clause, offset) ^ MONO_OFFSET_IN_CLAUSE (clause, target)))
                        return 1;
                if (MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, offset) ^ MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, target))
                        return 1;
                if (MONO_OFFSET_IN_FILTER (clause, offset) ^ MONO_OFFSET_IN_FILTER (clause, target))
                        return 1;
        }
        return 0;
}

/*
 * is_valid_cmp_branch_instruction:
 * 
 * Verify if it's valid to perform a branch from @offset to @target.
 * This should be used with binary comparison branching instruction, like beq, bge and similars.
 * It returns 0 if valid, 1 for unverifiable and 2 for invalid.
 * 
 * The major diferences from other similar functions are that most errors lead to invalid
 * code and only branching out of finally, filter or fault clauses is unverifiable. 
 */
static int
is_valid_cmp_branch_instruction (MonoMethodHeader *header, guint offset, guint target)
{
        int i;
        MonoExceptionClause *clause;

        for (i = 0; i < header->num_clauses; ++i) {
                clause = &header->clauses [i];
                /*branching out of a handler or finally*/
                if (clause->flags != MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_NONE &&
                        MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, offset) &&
                        !MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, target))
                        return 1;

                if (clause->try_offset != target && (MONO_OFFSET_IN_CLAUSE (clause, offset) ^ MONO_OFFSET_IN_CLAUSE (clause, target)))
                        return 2;
                if (MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, offset) ^ MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, target))
                        return 2;
                if (MONO_OFFSET_IN_FILTER (clause, offset) ^ MONO_OFFSET_IN_FILTER (clause, target))
                        return 2;
        }
        return 0;
}

/*
 * A leave can't escape a finally block 
 */
static int
is_correct_leave (MonoMethodHeader *header, guint offset, guint target)
{
        int i;
        MonoExceptionClause *clause;

        for (i = 0; i < header->num_clauses; ++i) {
                clause = &header->clauses [i];
                if (clause->flags == MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_FINALLY && MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, offset) && !MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, target))
                        return 0;
                if (MONO_OFFSET_IN_FILTER (clause, offset))
                        return 0;
        }
        return 1;
}

/*
 * A rethrow can't happen outside of a catch handler.
 */
static int
is_correct_rethrow (MonoMethodHeader *header, guint offset)
{
        int i;
        MonoExceptionClause *clause;

        for (i = 0; i < header->num_clauses; ++i) {
                clause = &header->clauses [i];
                if (MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, offset))
                        return 1;
                if (MONO_OFFSET_IN_FILTER (clause, offset))
                        return 1;
        }
        return 0;
}

/*
 * An endfinally can't happen outside of a finally/fault handler.
 */
static int
is_correct_endfinally (MonoMethodHeader *header, guint offset)
{
        int i;
        MonoExceptionClause *clause;

        for (i = 0; i < header->num_clauses; ++i) {
                clause = &header->clauses [i];
                if (MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, offset) && (clause->flags == MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_FAULT || clause->flags == MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_FINALLY))
                        return 1;
        }
        return 0;
}


/*
 * An endfilter can only happens inside a filter clause.
 * In non-strict mode filter is allowed inside the handler clause too
 */
static MonoExceptionClause *
is_correct_endfilter (VerifyContext *ctx, guint offset)
{
        int i;
        MonoExceptionClause *clause;

        for (i = 0; i < ctx->header->num_clauses; ++i) {
                clause = &ctx->header->clauses [i];
                if (clause->flags != MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_FILTER)
                        continue;
                if (MONO_OFFSET_IN_FILTER (clause, offset))
                        return clause;
                if (!IS_STRICT_MODE (ctx) && MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, offset))
                        return clause;
        }
        return NULL;
}


/*
 * Non-strict endfilter can happens inside a try block or any handler block
 */
static int
is_unverifiable_endfilter (VerifyContext *ctx, guint offset)
{
        int i;
        MonoExceptionClause *clause;

        for (i = 0; i < ctx->header->num_clauses; ++i) {
                clause = &ctx->header->clauses [i];
                if (MONO_OFFSET_IN_CLAUSE (clause, offset))
                        return 1;
        }
        return 0;
}

static gboolean
is_valid_bool_arg (ILStackDesc *arg)
{
        if (stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (arg) || stack_slot_is_boxed_value (arg) || stack_slot_is_null_literal (arg))
                return TRUE;


        switch (stack_slot_get_underlying_type (arg)) {
        case TYPE_I4:
        case TYPE_I8:
        case TYPE_NATIVE_INT:
        case TYPE_PTR:
                return TRUE;
        case TYPE_COMPLEX:
                g_assert (arg->type);
                switch (arg->type->type) {
                case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
                case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
                case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
                case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY:
                case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:
                case MONO_TYPE_FNPTR:
                case MONO_TYPE_PTR:
                        return TRUE;
                case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST:
                        /*We need to check if the container class
                         * of the generic type is a valuetype, iow:
                         * is it a "class Foo<T>" or a "struct Foo<T>"?
                         */
                        return !arg->type->data.generic_class->container_class->valuetype;
                }
        default:
                return FALSE;
        }
}


/*Type manipulation helper*/

/*Returns the byref version of the supplied MonoType*/
static MonoType*
mono_type_get_type_byref (MonoType *type)
{
        if (type->byref)
                return type;
        return &mono_class_from_mono_type (type)->this_arg;
}


/*Returns the byval version of the supplied MonoType*/
static MonoType*
mono_type_get_type_byval (MonoType *type)
{
        if (!type->byref)
                return type;
        return &mono_class_from_mono_type (type)->byval_arg;
}

static MonoType*
mono_type_from_stack_slot (ILStackDesc *slot)
{
        if (stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (slot))
                return mono_type_get_type_byref (slot->type);
        return slot->type;
}

/*Stack manipulation code*/

static void
ensure_stack_size (ILCodeDesc *stack, int required)
{
        int new_size = 8;
        ILStackDesc *tmp;

        if (required < stack->max_size)
                return;

        /* We don't have to worry about the exponential growth since stack_copy prune unused space */
        new_size = MAX (8, MAX (required, stack->max_size * 2));

        g_assert (new_size >= stack->size);
        g_assert (new_size >= required);

        tmp = g_new0 (ILStackDesc, new_size);
        MEM_ALLOC (sizeof (ILStackDesc) * new_size);

        if (stack->stack) {
                if (stack->size)
                        memcpy (tmp, stack->stack, stack->size * sizeof (ILStackDesc));
                g_free (stack->stack);
                MEM_FREE (sizeof (ILStackDesc) * stack->max_size);
        }

        stack->stack = tmp;
        stack->max_size = new_size;
}

static void
stack_init (VerifyContext *ctx, ILCodeDesc *state) 
{
        if (state->flags & IL_CODE_FLAG_STACK_INITED)
                return;
        state->size = state->max_size = 0;
        state->flags |= IL_CODE_FLAG_STACK_INITED;
}

static void
stack_copy (ILCodeDesc *to, ILCodeDesc *from)
{
        ensure_stack_size (to, from->size);
        to->size = from->size;

        /*stack copy happens at merge points, which have small stacks*/
        if (from->size)
                memcpy (to->stack, from->stack, sizeof (ILStackDesc) * from->size);
}

static void
copy_stack_value (ILStackDesc *to, ILStackDesc *from)
{
        to->stype = from->stype;
        to->type = from->type;
        to->method = from->method;
}

static int
check_underflow (VerifyContext *ctx, int size)
{
        if (ctx->eval.size < size) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Stack underflow, required %d, but have %d at 0x%04x", size, ctx->eval.size, ctx->ip_offset));
                return 0;
        }
        return 1;
}

static int
check_overflow (VerifyContext *ctx)
{
        if (ctx->eval.size >= ctx->max_stack) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Method doesn't have stack-depth %d at 0x%04x", ctx->eval.size + 1, ctx->ip_offset));
                return 0;
        }
        return 1;
}

/*This reject out PTR, FNPTR and TYPEDBYREF*/
static gboolean
check_unmanaged_pointer (VerifyContext *ctx, ILStackDesc *value)
{
        if (stack_slot_get_type (value) == TYPE_PTR) {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Unmanaged pointer is not a verifiable type at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return 0;
        }
        return 1;
}

/*TODO verify if MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF is not allowed here as well.*/
static gboolean
check_unverifiable_type (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoType *type)
{
        if (type->type == MONO_TYPE_PTR || type->type == MONO_TYPE_FNPTR) {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Unmanaged pointer is not a verifiable type at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return 0;
        }
        return 1;
}

static ILStackDesc *
stack_push (VerifyContext *ctx)
{
        g_assert (ctx->eval.size < ctx->max_stack);
        g_assert (ctx->eval.size <= ctx->eval.max_size);

        ensure_stack_size (&ctx->eval, ctx->eval.size + 1);

        return & ctx->eval.stack [ctx->eval.size++];
}

static ILStackDesc *
stack_push_val (VerifyContext *ctx, int stype, MonoType *type)
{
        ILStackDesc *top = stack_push (ctx);
        top->stype = stype;
        top->type = type;
        return top;
}

static ILStackDesc *
stack_pop (VerifyContext *ctx)
{
        ILStackDesc *ret;
        g_assert (ctx->eval.size > 0);  
        ret = ctx->eval.stack + --ctx->eval.size;
        if ((ret->stype & UNINIT_THIS_MASK) == UNINIT_THIS_MASK)
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Found use of uninitialized 'this ptr' ref at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        return ret;
}

/* This function allows to safely pop an unititialized this ptr from
 * the eval stack without marking the method as unverifiable. 
 */
static ILStackDesc *
stack_pop_safe (VerifyContext *ctx)
{
        g_assert (ctx->eval.size > 0);
        return ctx->eval.stack + --ctx->eval.size;
}

/*Positive number distance from stack top. [0] is stack top, [1] is the one below*/
static ILStackDesc*
stack_peek (VerifyContext *ctx, int distance)
{
        g_assert (ctx->eval.size - distance > 0);
        return ctx->eval.stack + (ctx->eval.size - 1 - distance);
}

static ILStackDesc *
stack_push_stack_val (VerifyContext *ctx, ILStackDesc *value)
{
        ILStackDesc *top = stack_push (ctx);
        copy_stack_value (top, value);
        return top;
}

/* Returns the MonoType associated with the token, or NULL if it is invalid.
 * 
 * A boxable type can be either a reference or value type, but cannot be a byref type or an unmanaged pointer   
 * */
static MonoType*
get_boxable_mono_type (VerifyContext* ctx, int token, const char *opcode)
{
        MonoType *type;
        MonoClass *class;

        if (!(type = verifier_load_type (ctx, token, opcode)))
                return NULL;

        if (type->byref && type->type != MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid use of byref type for %s at 0x%04x", opcode, ctx->ip_offset));
                return NULL;
        }

        if (type->type == MONO_TYPE_VOID) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid use of void type for %s at 0x%04x", opcode, ctx->ip_offset));
                return NULL;
        }

        if (type->type == MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF)
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid use of typedbyref for %s at 0x%04x", opcode, ctx->ip_offset));

        if (!(class = mono_class_from_mono_type (type)))
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Could not retrieve type token for %s at 0x%04x", opcode, ctx->ip_offset));

        if (class->generic_container && type->type != MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST)
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use the generic type definition in a boxable type position for %s at 0x%04x", opcode, ctx->ip_offset));      

        check_unverifiable_type (ctx, type);
        return type;
}


/*operation result tables */

static const unsigned char bin_op_table [TYPE_MAX][TYPE_MAX] = {
        {TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_I8, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_R8, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
};

static const unsigned char add_table [TYPE_MAX][TYPE_MAX] = {
        {TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_PTR | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_I8, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_PTR | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_R8, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_PTR | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_PTR | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
};

static const unsigned char sub_table [TYPE_MAX][TYPE_MAX] = {
        {TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_I8, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_R8, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_PTR | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_PTR | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
};

static const unsigned char int_bin_op_table [TYPE_MAX][TYPE_MAX] = {
        {TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_I8, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
};

static const unsigned char shift_op_table [TYPE_MAX][TYPE_MAX] = {
        {TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_I8, TYPE_INV, TYPE_I8, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
};

static const unsigned char cmp_br_op [TYPE_MAX][TYPE_MAX] = {
        {TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
};

static const unsigned char cmp_br_eq_op [TYPE_MAX][TYPE_MAX] = {
        {TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_I4 | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_I4 | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_I4},
};

static const unsigned char add_ovf_un_table [TYPE_MAX][TYPE_MAX] = {
        {TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_PTR | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_I8, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_PTR | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_PTR | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_PTR | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
};

static const unsigned char sub_ovf_un_table [TYPE_MAX][TYPE_MAX] = {
        {TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_I8, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_PTR | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_PTR | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT | NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
};

static const unsigned char bin_ovf_table [TYPE_MAX][TYPE_MAX] = {
        {TYPE_I4, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_I8, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
        {TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV, TYPE_INV},
};

#ifdef MONO_VERIFIER_DEBUG

/*debug helpers */
static void
dump_stack_value (ILStackDesc *value)
{
        printf ("[(%x)(%x)", value->type->type, value->stype);

        if (stack_slot_is_this_pointer (value))
                printf ("[this] ");

        if (stack_slot_is_boxed_value (value))
                printf ("[boxed] ");

        if (stack_slot_is_null_literal (value))
                printf ("[null] ");

        if (stack_slot_is_managed_mutability_pointer (value))
                printf ("Controled Mutability MP: ");

        if (stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (value))
                printf ("Managed Pointer to: ");

        switch (stack_slot_get_underlying_type (value)) {
                case TYPE_INV:
                        printf ("invalid type]"); 
                        return;
                case TYPE_I4:
                        printf ("int32]"); 
                        return;
                case TYPE_I8:
                        printf ("int64]"); 
                        return;
                case TYPE_NATIVE_INT:
                        printf ("native int]"); 
                        return;
                case TYPE_R8:
                        printf ("float64]"); 
                        return;
                case TYPE_PTR:
                        printf ("unmanaged pointer]"); 
                        return;
                case TYPE_COMPLEX:
                        switch (value->type->type) {
                        case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
                        case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE:
                                printf ("complex] (%s)", value->type->data.klass->name);
                                return;
                        case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
                                printf ("complex] (string)");
                                return;
                        case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
                                printf ("complex] (object)");
                                return;
                        case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY:
                                printf ("complex] (%s [])", value->type->data.klass->name);
                                return;
                        case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:
                                printf ("complex] (%s [%d %d %d])",
                                        value->type->data.array->eklass->name,
                                        value->type->data.array->rank,
                                        value->type->data.array->numsizes,
                                        value->type->data.array->numlobounds);
                                return;
                        case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST:
                                printf ("complex] (inst of %s )", value->type->data.generic_class->container_class->name);
                                return;
                        case MONO_TYPE_VAR:
                                printf ("complex] (type generic param !%d - %s) ", value->type->data.generic_param->num, mono_generic_param_info (value->type->data.generic_param)->name);
                                return;
                        case MONO_TYPE_MVAR:
                                printf ("complex] (method generic param !!%d - %s) ", value->type->data.generic_param->num, mono_generic_param_info (value->type->data.generic_param)->name);
                                return;
                        default: {
                                //should be a boxed value 
                                char * name = mono_type_full_name (value->type);
                                printf ("complex] %s", name);
                                g_free (name);
                                return;
                                }
                        }
                default:
                        printf ("unknown stack %x type]\n", value->stype);
                        g_assert_not_reached ();
        }
}

static void
dump_stack_state (ILCodeDesc *state) 
{
        int i;

        printf ("(%d) ", state->size);
        for (i = 0; i < state->size; ++i)
                dump_stack_value (state->stack + i);
        printf ("\n");
}
#endif

/*Returns TRUE if candidate array type can be assigned to target.
 *Both parameters MUST be of type MONO_TYPE_ARRAY (target->type == MONO_TYPE_ARRAY)
 */
static gboolean
is_array_type_compatible (MonoType *target, MonoType *candidate)
{
        MonoArrayType *left = target->data.array;
        MonoArrayType *right = candidate->data.array;

        g_assert (target->type == MONO_TYPE_ARRAY);
        g_assert (candidate->type == MONO_TYPE_ARRAY);

        if (left->rank != right->rank)
                return FALSE;

        return mono_class_is_assignable_from (left->eklass, right->eklass);
}

static int
get_stack_type (MonoType *type)
{
        int mask = 0;
        int type_kind = type->type;
        if (type->byref)
                mask = POINTER_MASK;
        /*TODO handle CMMP_MASK */

handle_enum:
        switch (type_kind) {
        case MONO_TYPE_I1:
        case MONO_TYPE_U1:
        case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
        case MONO_TYPE_I2:
        case MONO_TYPE_U2:
        case MONO_TYPE_CHAR:
        case MONO_TYPE_I4:
        case MONO_TYPE_U4:
                return TYPE_I4 | mask;

        case MONO_TYPE_I:
        case MONO_TYPE_U:
                return TYPE_NATIVE_INT | mask;

        /* FIXME: the spec says that you cannot have a pointer to method pointer, do we need to check this here? */ 
        case MONO_TYPE_FNPTR:
        case MONO_TYPE_PTR:
        case MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF:
                return TYPE_PTR | mask;

        case MONO_TYPE_VAR:
        case MONO_TYPE_MVAR:

        case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
        case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
        case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
        case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY:
        case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:
                return TYPE_COMPLEX | mask;

        case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST:
                if (mono_type_is_enum_type (type)) {
                        type = mono_type_get_underlying_type_any (type);
                        type_kind = type->type;
                        goto handle_enum;
                } else {
                        return TYPE_COMPLEX | mask;
                }

        case MONO_TYPE_I8:
        case MONO_TYPE_U8:
                return TYPE_I8 | mask;

        case MONO_TYPE_R4:
        case MONO_TYPE_R8:
                return TYPE_R8 | mask;

        case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE:
                if (mono_type_is_enum_type (type)) {
                        type = mono_type_get_underlying_type_any (type);
                        type_kind = type->type;
                        goto handle_enum;
                } else {
                        return TYPE_COMPLEX | mask;
                }

        default:
                return TYPE_INV;
        }
}

/* convert MonoType to ILStackDesc format (stype) */
static gboolean
set_stack_value (VerifyContext *ctx, ILStackDesc *stack, MonoType *type, int take_addr)
{
        int mask = 0;
        int type_kind = type->type;

        if (type->byref || take_addr)
                mask = POINTER_MASK;
        /* TODO handle CMMP_MASK */

handle_enum:
        stack->type = type;

        switch (type_kind) {
        case MONO_TYPE_I1:
        case MONO_TYPE_U1:
        case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
        case MONO_TYPE_I2:
        case MONO_TYPE_U2:
        case MONO_TYPE_CHAR:
        case MONO_TYPE_I4:
        case MONO_TYPE_U4:
                stack->stype = TYPE_I4 | mask;
                break;
        case MONO_TYPE_I:
        case MONO_TYPE_U:
                stack->stype = TYPE_NATIVE_INT | mask;
                break;

        /*FIXME: Do we need to check if it's a pointer to the method pointer? The spec says it' illegal to have that.*/
        case MONO_TYPE_FNPTR:
        case MONO_TYPE_PTR:
        case MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF:
                stack->stype = TYPE_PTR | mask;
                break;

        case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
        case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
        case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
        case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY:
        case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:

        case MONO_TYPE_VAR:
        case MONO_TYPE_MVAR: 
                stack->stype = TYPE_COMPLEX | mask;
                break;
                
        case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST:
                if (mono_type_is_enum_type (type)) {
                        type = mono_type_get_underlying_type_any (type);
                        type_kind = type->type;
                        goto handle_enum;
                } else {
                        stack->stype = TYPE_COMPLEX | mask;
                        break;
                }

        case MONO_TYPE_I8:
        case MONO_TYPE_U8:
                stack->stype = TYPE_I8 | mask;
                break;
        case MONO_TYPE_R4:
        case MONO_TYPE_R8:
                stack->stype = TYPE_R8 | mask;
                break;
        case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE:
                if (mono_type_is_enum_type (type)) {
                        type = mono_type_get_underlying_type_any (type);
                        type_kind = type->type;
                        goto handle_enum;
                } else {
                        stack->stype = TYPE_COMPLEX | mask;
                        break;
                }
        default:
                VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("unknown type 0x%02x in eval stack type\n", type->type); );
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Illegal value set on stack 0x%02x at %d", type->type, ctx->ip_offset));
                return FALSE;
        }
        return TRUE;
}

/* 
 * init_stack_with_value_at_exception_boundary:
 * 
 * Initialize the stack and push a given type.
 * The instruction is marked as been on the exception boundary.
 */
static void
init_stack_with_value_at_exception_boundary (VerifyContext *ctx, ILCodeDesc *code, MonoClass *klass)
{
        MonoError error;
        MonoType *type = mono_class_inflate_generic_type_checked (&klass->byval_arg, ctx->generic_context, &error);

        if (!mono_error_ok (&error)) {
                char *name = mono_type_get_full_name (klass);
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid class %s used for exception", name));
                g_free (name);
                mono_error_cleanup (&error);
                return;
        }

        if (!ctx->max_stack) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Stack overflow at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        stack_init (ctx, code);
        ensure_stack_size (code, 1);
        set_stack_value (ctx, code->stack, type, FALSE);
        ctx->exception_types = g_slist_prepend (ctx->exception_types, type);
        code->size = 1;
        code->flags |= IL_CODE_FLAG_WAS_TARGET;
        if (mono_type_is_generic_argument (type))
                code->stack->stype |= BOXED_MASK;
}

/*Verify if type 'candidate' can be stored in type 'target'.
 * 
 * If strict, check for the underlying type and not the verification stack types
 */
static gboolean
verify_type_compatibility_full (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoType *target, MonoType *candidate, gboolean strict)
{
#define IS_ONE_OF3(T, A, B, C) (T == A || T == B || T == C)
#define IS_ONE_OF2(T, A, B) (T == A || T == B)

        MonoType *original_candidate = candidate;
        VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("checking type compatibility %s x %s strict %d\n", mono_type_full_name (target), mono_type_full_name (candidate), strict); );

        /*only one is byref */
        if (candidate->byref ^ target->byref) {
                /* converting from native int to byref*/
                if (get_stack_type (candidate) == TYPE_NATIVE_INT && target->byref) {
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("using byref native int at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                        return TRUE;
                }
                return FALSE;
        }
        strict |= target->byref;
        /*From now on we don't care about byref anymore, so it's ok to discard it here*/
        candidate = mono_type_get_underlying_type_any (candidate);

handle_enum:
        switch (target->type) {
        case MONO_TYPE_VOID:
                return candidate->type == MONO_TYPE_VOID;
        case MONO_TYPE_I1:
        case MONO_TYPE_U1:
        case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
                if (strict)
                        return IS_ONE_OF3 (candidate->type, MONO_TYPE_I1, MONO_TYPE_U1, MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN);
        case MONO_TYPE_I2:
        case MONO_TYPE_U2:
        case MONO_TYPE_CHAR:
                if (strict)
                        return IS_ONE_OF3 (candidate->type, MONO_TYPE_I2, MONO_TYPE_U2, MONO_TYPE_CHAR);
        case MONO_TYPE_I4:
        case MONO_TYPE_U4: {
                gboolean is_native_int = IS_ONE_OF2 (candidate->type, MONO_TYPE_I, MONO_TYPE_U);
                gboolean is_int4 = IS_ONE_OF2 (candidate->type, MONO_TYPE_I4, MONO_TYPE_U4);
                if (strict)
                        return is_native_int || is_int4;
                return is_native_int || get_stack_type (candidate) == TYPE_I4;
        }

        case MONO_TYPE_I8:
        case MONO_TYPE_U8:
                return IS_ONE_OF2 (candidate->type, MONO_TYPE_I8, MONO_TYPE_U8);

        case MONO_TYPE_R4:
        case MONO_TYPE_R8:
                if (strict)
                        return candidate->type == target->type;
                return IS_ONE_OF2 (candidate->type, MONO_TYPE_R4, MONO_TYPE_R8);

        case MONO_TYPE_I:
        case MONO_TYPE_U: {
                gboolean is_native_int = IS_ONE_OF2 (candidate->type, MONO_TYPE_I, MONO_TYPE_U);
                gboolean is_int4 = IS_ONE_OF2 (candidate->type, MONO_TYPE_I4, MONO_TYPE_U4);
                if (strict)
                        return is_native_int || is_int4;
                return is_native_int || get_stack_type (candidate) == TYPE_I4;
        }

        case MONO_TYPE_PTR:
                if (candidate->type != MONO_TYPE_PTR)
                        return FALSE;
                /* check the underlying type */
                return verify_type_compatibility_full (ctx, target->data.type, candidate->data.type, TRUE);

        case MONO_TYPE_FNPTR: {
                MonoMethodSignature *left, *right;
                if (candidate->type != MONO_TYPE_FNPTR)
                        return FALSE;

                left = mono_type_get_signature (target);
                right = mono_type_get_signature (candidate);
                return mono_metadata_signature_equal (left, right) && left->call_convention == right->call_convention;
        }

        case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST: {
                MonoClass *target_klass;
                MonoClass *candidate_klass;
                if (mono_type_is_enum_type (target)) {
                        target = mono_type_get_underlying_type_any (target);
                        goto handle_enum;
                }
                /*
                 * VAR / MVAR compatibility must be checked by verify_stack_type_compatibility
                 * to take boxing status into account.
                 */
                if (mono_type_is_generic_argument (original_candidate))
                        return FALSE;

                target_klass = mono_class_from_mono_type (target);
                candidate_klass = mono_class_from_mono_type (candidate);
                if (mono_class_is_nullable (target_klass)) {
                        if (!mono_class_is_nullable (candidate_klass))
                                return FALSE;
                        return target_klass == candidate_klass;
                }
                
                return mono_class_is_assignable_from (target_klass, candidate_klass);
        }

        case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
                return candidate->type == MONO_TYPE_STRING;

        case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
                /*
                 * VAR / MVAR compatibility must be checked by verify_stack_type_compatibility
                 * to take boxing status into account.
                 */
                if (mono_type_is_generic_argument (original_candidate))
                        return FALSE;

                if (candidate->type == MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE)
                        return FALSE;

                /* If candidate is an enum it should return true for System.Enum and supertypes.
                 * That's why here we use the original type and not the underlying type.
                 */ 
                return mono_class_is_assignable_from (target->data.klass, mono_class_from_mono_type (original_candidate));

        case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
                return MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (candidate);

        case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY: {
                MonoClass *left;
                MonoClass *right;
                if (candidate->type != MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY)
                        return FALSE;

                left = mono_class_from_mono_type (target);
                right = mono_class_from_mono_type (candidate);

                return mono_class_is_assignable_from (left, right);
        }

        case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:
                if (candidate->type != MONO_TYPE_ARRAY)
                        return FALSE;
                return is_array_type_compatible (target, candidate);

        case MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF:
                return candidate->type == MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF;

        case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE: {
                MonoClass *target_klass;
                MonoClass *candidate_klass;

                if (candidate->type == MONO_TYPE_CLASS)
                        return FALSE;

                target_klass = mono_class_from_mono_type (target);
                candidate_klass = mono_class_from_mono_type (candidate);
                if (target_klass == candidate_klass)
                        return TRUE;
                if (mono_type_is_enum_type (target)) {
                        target = mono_type_get_underlying_type_any (target);
                        goto handle_enum;
                }
                return FALSE;
        }

        case MONO_TYPE_VAR:
                if (candidate->type != MONO_TYPE_VAR)
                        return FALSE;
                return mono_type_get_generic_param_num (candidate) == mono_type_get_generic_param_num (target);

        case MONO_TYPE_MVAR:
                if (candidate->type != MONO_TYPE_MVAR)
                        return FALSE;
                return mono_type_get_generic_param_num (candidate) == mono_type_get_generic_param_num (target);

        default:
                VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("unknown store type %d\n", target->type); );
                g_assert_not_reached ();
                return FALSE;
        }
        return 1;
#undef IS_ONE_OF3
#undef IS_ONE_OF2
}

static gboolean
verify_type_compatibility (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoType *target, MonoType *candidate)
{
        return verify_type_compatibility_full (ctx, target, candidate, FALSE);
}

/*
 * Returns the generic param bound to the context been verified.
 * 
 */
static MonoGenericParam*
get_generic_param (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoType *param) 
{
        guint16 param_num = mono_type_get_generic_param_num (param);
        if (param->type == MONO_TYPE_VAR) {
                if (!ctx->generic_context->class_inst || ctx->generic_context->class_inst->type_argc <= param_num) {
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid generic type argument %d", param_num));
                        return NULL;
                }
                return ctx->generic_context->class_inst->type_argv [param_num]->data.generic_param;
        }
        
        /*param must be a MVAR */
        if (!ctx->generic_context->method_inst || ctx->generic_context->method_inst->type_argc <= param_num) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid generic method argument %d", param_num));
                return NULL;
        }
        return ctx->generic_context->method_inst->type_argv [param_num]->data.generic_param;
        
}
/*
 * is_compatible_boxed_valuetype:
 * 
 * Returns TRUE if @candidate / @stack is a valid boxed valuetype. 
 * 
 * @type The source type. It it tested to be of the proper type.    
 * @candidate type of the boxed valuetype.
 * @stack stack slot of the boxed valuetype, separate from @candidade since one could be changed before calling this function
 * @strict if TRUE candidate must be boxed compatible to the target type
 * 
 */
static gboolean
is_compatible_boxed_valuetype (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoType *type, MonoType *candidate, ILStackDesc *stack, gboolean strict)
{
        if (!stack_slot_is_boxed_value (stack))
                return FALSE;
        if (type->byref || candidate->byref)
                return FALSE;

        if (mono_type_is_generic_argument (candidate)) {
                MonoGenericParam *param = get_generic_param (ctx, candidate);
                MonoClass **class;
                for (class = mono_generic_param_info (param)->constraints; class && *class; ++class) {
                        if (verify_type_compatibility_full (ctx, type, mono_type_get_type_byval (& (*class)->byval_arg), FALSE))
                                return TRUE;
                }
        }

        if (mono_type_is_generic_argument (type))
                return FALSE;

        if (!strict)
                return TRUE;

        return MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (type) && mono_class_is_assignable_from (mono_class_from_mono_type (type), mono_class_from_mono_type (candidate));
}

static int
verify_stack_type_compatibility_full (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoType *type, ILStackDesc *stack, gboolean drop_byref, gboolean valuetype_must_be_boxed)
{
        MonoType *candidate = mono_type_from_stack_slot (stack);
        if (MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (type) && !type->byref && stack_slot_is_null_literal (stack))
                return TRUE;

        if (is_compatible_boxed_valuetype (ctx, type, candidate, stack, TRUE))
                return TRUE;

        if (valuetype_must_be_boxed && !stack_slot_is_boxed_value (stack) && !MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (candidate))
                return FALSE;

        if (!valuetype_must_be_boxed && stack_slot_is_boxed_value (stack))
                return FALSE;

        if (drop_byref)
                return verify_type_compatibility_full (ctx, type, mono_type_get_type_byval (candidate), FALSE);

        return verify_type_compatibility_full (ctx, type, candidate, FALSE);
}

static int
verify_stack_type_compatibility (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoType *type, ILStackDesc *stack)
{
        return verify_stack_type_compatibility_full (ctx, type, stack, FALSE, FALSE);
}

static gboolean
mono_delegate_type_equal (MonoType *target, MonoType *candidate)
{
        if (candidate->byref ^ target->byref)
                return FALSE;

        switch (target->type) {
        case MONO_TYPE_VOID:
        case MONO_TYPE_I1:
        case MONO_TYPE_U1:
        case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
        case MONO_TYPE_I2:
        case MONO_TYPE_U2:
        case MONO_TYPE_CHAR:
        case MONO_TYPE_I4:
        case MONO_TYPE_U4:
        case MONO_TYPE_I8:
        case MONO_TYPE_U8:
        case MONO_TYPE_R4:
        case MONO_TYPE_R8:
        case MONO_TYPE_I:
        case MONO_TYPE_U:
        case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
        case MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF:
                return candidate->type == target->type;

        case MONO_TYPE_PTR:
                return mono_delegate_type_equal (target->data.type, candidate->data.type);

        case MONO_TYPE_FNPTR:
                if (candidate->type != MONO_TYPE_FNPTR)
                        return FALSE;
                return mono_delegate_signature_equal (mono_type_get_signature (target), mono_type_get_signature (candidate), FALSE);

        case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST: {
                MonoClass *target_klass;
                MonoClass *candidate_klass;
                target_klass = mono_class_from_mono_type (target);
                candidate_klass = mono_class_from_mono_type (candidate);
                /*FIXME handle nullables and enum*/
                return mono_class_is_assignable_from (target_klass, candidate_klass);
        }
        case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
                return MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (candidate);

        case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
                return mono_class_is_assignable_from(target->data.klass, mono_class_from_mono_type (candidate));

        case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY:
                if (candidate->type != MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY)
                        return FALSE;
                return mono_class_is_assignable_from (mono_class_from_mono_type (target)->element_class, mono_class_from_mono_type (candidate)->element_class);

        case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:
                if (candidate->type != MONO_TYPE_ARRAY)
                        return FALSE;
                return is_array_type_compatible (target, candidate);

        case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE:
                /*FIXME handle nullables and enum*/
                return mono_class_from_mono_type (candidate) == mono_class_from_mono_type (target);

        case MONO_TYPE_VAR:
                return candidate->type == MONO_TYPE_VAR && mono_type_get_generic_param_num (target) == mono_type_get_generic_param_num (candidate);
                return FALSE;

        case MONO_TYPE_MVAR:
                return candidate->type == MONO_TYPE_MVAR && mono_type_get_generic_param_num (target) == mono_type_get_generic_param_num (candidate);
                return FALSE;

        default:
                VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("Unknown type %d. Implement me!\n", target->type); );
                g_assert_not_reached ();
                return FALSE;
        }
}

static gboolean
mono_delegate_param_equal (MonoType *delegate, MonoType *method)
{
        if (mono_metadata_type_equal_full (delegate, method, TRUE))
                return TRUE;

        return mono_delegate_type_equal (method, delegate);
}

static gboolean
mono_delegate_ret_equal (MonoType *delegate, MonoType *method)
{
        if (mono_metadata_type_equal_full (delegate, method, TRUE))
                return TRUE;

        return mono_delegate_type_equal (delegate, method);
}

/*
 * mono_delegate_signature_equal:
 * 
 * Compare two signatures in the way expected by delegates.
 * 
 * This function only exists due to the fact that it should ignore the 'has_this' part of the signature.
 *
 * FIXME can this function be eliminated and proper metadata functionality be used?
 */
static gboolean
mono_delegate_signature_equal (MonoMethodSignature *delegate_sig, MonoMethodSignature *method_sig, gboolean is_static_ldftn)
{
        int i;
        int method_offset = is_static_ldftn ? 1 : 0;

        if (delegate_sig->param_count + method_offset != method_sig->param_count) 
                return FALSE;

        if (delegate_sig->call_convention != method_sig->call_convention)
                return FALSE;

        for (i = 0; i < delegate_sig->param_count; i++) { 
                MonoType *p1 = delegate_sig->params [i];
                MonoType *p2 = method_sig->params [i + method_offset];

                if (!mono_delegate_param_equal (p1, p2))
                        return FALSE;
        }

        if (!mono_delegate_ret_equal (delegate_sig->ret, method_sig->ret))
                return FALSE;

        return TRUE;
}

/* 
 * verify_ldftn_delegate:
 * 
 * Verify properties of ldftn based delegates.
 */
static void
verify_ldftn_delegate (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoClass *delegate, ILStackDesc *value, ILStackDesc *funptr)
{
        MonoMethod *method = funptr->method;

        /*ldftn non-final virtuals only allowed if method is not static,
         * the object is a this arg (comes from a ldarg.0), and there is no starg.0.
         * This rules doesn't apply if the object on stack is a boxed valuetype.
         */
        if ((method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL) && !(method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_FINAL) && !(method->klass->flags & TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_SEALED) && !stack_slot_is_boxed_value (value)) {
                /*A stdarg 0 must not happen, we fail here only in fail fast mode to avoid double error reports*/
                if (IS_FAIL_FAST_MODE (ctx) && ctx->has_this_store)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid ldftn with virtual function in method with stdarg 0 at  0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

                /*current method must not be static*/
                if (ctx->method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid ldftn with virtual function at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

                /*value is the this pointer, loaded using ldarg.0 */
                if (!stack_slot_is_this_pointer (value))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid object argument, it is not the this pointer, to ldftn with virtual method at  0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

                ctx->code [ctx->ip_offset].flags |= IL_CODE_LDFTN_DELEGATE_NONFINAL_VIRTUAL;
        }
}

/*
 * verify_delegate_compatibility:
 * 
 * Verify delegate creation sequence.
 * 
 */
static void
verify_delegate_compatibility (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoClass *delegate, ILStackDesc *value, ILStackDesc *funptr)
{
#define IS_VALID_OPCODE(offset, opcode) (ip [ip_offset - offset] == opcode && (ctx->code [ip_offset - offset].flags & IL_CODE_FLAG_SEEN))
#define IS_LOAD_FUN_PTR(kind) (IS_VALID_OPCODE (6, CEE_PREFIX1) && ip [ip_offset - 5] == kind)

        MonoMethod *invoke, *method;
        const guint8 *ip = ctx->header->code;
        guint32 ip_offset = ctx->ip_offset;
        gboolean is_static_ldftn = FALSE, is_first_arg_bound = FALSE;
        
        if (stack_slot_get_type (funptr) != TYPE_PTR || !funptr->method) {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid function pointer parameter for delegate constructor at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }
        
        invoke = mono_get_delegate_invoke (delegate);
        method = funptr->method;

        if (!method || !mono_method_signature (method)) {
                char *name = mono_type_get_full_name (delegate);
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid method on stack to create delegate %s construction at 0x%04x", name, ctx->ip_offset));
                g_free (name);
                return;
        }

        if (!invoke || !mono_method_signature (invoke)) {
                char *name = mono_type_get_full_name (delegate);
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Delegate type %s with bad Invoke method at 0x%04x", name, ctx->ip_offset));
                g_free (name);
                return;
        }

        is_static_ldftn = (ip_offset > 5 && IS_LOAD_FUN_PTR (CEE_LDFTN)) && method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC;

        if (is_static_ldftn)
                is_first_arg_bound = mono_method_signature (invoke)->param_count + 1 ==  mono_method_signature (method)->param_count;

        if (!mono_delegate_signature_equal (mono_method_signature (invoke), mono_method_signature (method), is_first_arg_bound)) {
                char *fun_sig = mono_signature_get_desc (mono_method_signature (method), FALSE);
                char *invoke_sig = mono_signature_get_desc (mono_method_signature (invoke), FALSE);
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Function pointer signature '%s' doesn't match delegate's signature '%s' at 0x%04x", fun_sig, invoke_sig, ctx->ip_offset));
                g_free (fun_sig);
                g_free (invoke_sig);
        }

        /* 
         * Delegate code sequences:
         * [-6] ldftn token
         * newobj ...
         * 
         * 
         * [-7] dup
         * [-6] ldvirtftn token
         * newobj ...
         * 
         * ldftn sequence:*/
        if (ip_offset > 5 && IS_LOAD_FUN_PTR (CEE_LDFTN)) {
                verify_ldftn_delegate (ctx, delegate, value, funptr);
        } else if (ip_offset > 6 && IS_VALID_OPCODE (7, CEE_DUP) && IS_LOAD_FUN_PTR (CEE_LDVIRTFTN)) {
                ctx->code [ip_offset - 6].flags |= IL_CODE_DELEGATE_SEQUENCE;   
        }else {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid code sequence for delegate creation at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        }
        ctx->code [ip_offset].flags |= IL_CODE_DELEGATE_SEQUENCE;

        //general tests
        if (is_first_arg_bound) {
                if (mono_method_signature (method)->param_count == 0 || !verify_stack_type_compatibility_full (ctx, mono_method_signature (method)->params [0], value, FALSE, TRUE))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("This object not compatible with function pointer for delegate creation at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        } else {
                if (method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC) {
                        if (!stack_slot_is_null_literal (value) && !is_first_arg_bound)
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Non-null this args used with static function for delegate creation at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                } else {
                        if (!verify_stack_type_compatibility_full (ctx, &method->klass->byval_arg, value, FALSE, TRUE) && !stack_slot_is_null_literal (value))
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("This object not compatible with function pointer for delegate creation at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                }
        }

        if (stack_slot_get_type (value) != TYPE_COMPLEX)
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid first parameter for delegate creation at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

#undef IS_VALID_OPCODE
#undef IS_LOAD_FUN_PTR
}

/* implement the opcode checks*/
static void
push_arg (VerifyContext *ctx, unsigned int arg, int take_addr) 
{
        ILStackDesc *top;

        if (arg >= ctx->max_args) {
                if (take_addr) 
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Method doesn't have argument %d", arg + 1));
                else {
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Method doesn't have argument %d", arg + 1));
                        if (check_overflow (ctx)) //FIXME: what sane value could we ever push?
                                stack_push_val (ctx, TYPE_I4, &mono_defaults.int32_class->byval_arg);
                }
        } else if (check_overflow (ctx)) {
                /*We must let the value be pushed, otherwise we would get an underflow error*/
                check_unverifiable_type (ctx, ctx->params [arg]);
                if (ctx->params [arg]->byref && take_addr)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("ByRef of ByRef at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                top = stack_push (ctx);
                if (!set_stack_value (ctx, top, ctx->params [arg], take_addr))
                        return;

                if (arg == 0 && !(ctx->method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC)) {
                        if (take_addr)
                                ctx->has_this_store = TRUE;
                        else
                                top->stype |= THIS_POINTER_MASK;
                        if (mono_method_is_constructor (ctx->method) && !ctx->super_ctor_called && !ctx->method->klass->valuetype)
                                top->stype |= UNINIT_THIS_MASK;
                }
        } 
}

static void
push_local (VerifyContext *ctx, guint32 arg, int take_addr) 
{
        if (arg >= ctx->num_locals) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Method doesn't have local %d", arg + 1));
        } else if (check_overflow (ctx)) {
                /*We must let the value be pushed, otherwise we would get an underflow error*/
                check_unverifiable_type (ctx, ctx->locals [arg]);
                if (ctx->locals [arg]->byref && take_addr)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("ByRef of ByRef at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

                set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx), ctx->locals [arg], take_addr);
        } 
}

static void
store_arg (VerifyContext *ctx, guint32 arg)
{
        ILStackDesc *value;

        if (arg >= ctx->max_args) {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Method doesn't have argument %d at 0x%04x", arg + 1, ctx->ip_offset));
                if (check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                        stack_pop (ctx);
                return;
        }

        if (check_underflow (ctx, 1)) {
                value = stack_pop (ctx);
                if (!verify_stack_type_compatibility (ctx, ctx->params [arg], value)) {
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Incompatible type %s in argument store at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (value), ctx->ip_offset));
                }
        }
        if (arg == 0 && !(ctx->method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC))
                ctx->has_this_store = 1;
}

static void
store_local (VerifyContext *ctx, guint32 arg)
{
        ILStackDesc *value;
        if (arg >= ctx->num_locals) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Method doesn't have local var %d at 0x%04x", arg + 1, ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        /*TODO verify definite assigment */             
        if (check_underflow (ctx, 1)) {
                value = stack_pop(ctx);
                if (!verify_stack_type_compatibility (ctx, ctx->locals [arg], value)) {
                        char *expected = mono_type_full_name (ctx->locals [arg]);
                        char *found = stack_slot_full_name (value);
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Incompatible type '%s' on stack cannot be stored to local %d with type '%s' at 0x%04x",
                                        found,
                                        arg,
                                        expected,
                                        ctx->ip_offset));
                        g_free (expected);
                        g_free (found); 
                }
        }
}

/*FIXME add and sub needs special care here*/
static void
do_binop (VerifyContext *ctx, unsigned int opcode, const unsigned char table [TYPE_MAX][TYPE_MAX])
{
        ILStackDesc *a, *b, *top;
        int idxa, idxb, complexMerge = 0;
        unsigned char res;

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 2))
                return;
        b = stack_pop (ctx);
        a = stack_pop (ctx);

        idxa = stack_slot_get_underlying_type (a);
        if (stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (a)) {
                idxa = TYPE_PTR;
                complexMerge = 1;
        }

        idxb = stack_slot_get_underlying_type (b);
        if (stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (b)) {
                idxb = TYPE_PTR;
                complexMerge = 2;
        }

        --idxa;
        --idxb;
        res = table [idxa][idxb];

        VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("binop res %d\n", res); );
        VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("idxa %d idxb %d\n", idxa, idxb); );

        top = stack_push (ctx);
        if (res == TYPE_INV) {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Binary instruction applyed to ill formed stack (%s x %s)", stack_slot_get_name (a), stack_slot_get_name (b)));
                copy_stack_value (top, a);
                return;
        }

        if (res & NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT) {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Binary instruction is not verifiable (%s x %s)", stack_slot_get_name (a), stack_slot_get_name (b)));

                res = res & ~NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT;
        }

        if (complexMerge && res == TYPE_PTR) {
                if (complexMerge == 1) 
                        copy_stack_value (top, a);
                else if (complexMerge == 2)
                        copy_stack_value (top, b);
                /*
                 * There is no need to merge the type of two pointers.
                 * The only valid operation is subtraction, that returns a native
                 *  int as result and can be used with any 2 pointer kinds.
                 * This is valid acording to Patition III 1.1.4
                 */
        } else
                top->stype = res;
        
}


static void
do_boolean_branch_op (VerifyContext *ctx, int delta)
{
        int target = ctx->ip_offset + delta;
        ILStackDesc *top;

        VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("boolean branch offset %d delta %d target %d\n", ctx->ip_offset, delta, target); );
 
        if (target < 0 || target >= ctx->code_size) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Boolean branch target out of code at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        switch (is_valid_branch_instruction (ctx->header, ctx->ip_offset, target)) {
        case 1:
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Branch target escapes out of exception block at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                break;
        case 2:
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Branch target escapes out of exception block at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        ctx->target = target;

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        top = stack_pop (ctx);
        if (!is_valid_bool_arg (top))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Argument type %s not valid for brtrue/brfalse at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (top), ctx->ip_offset));

        check_unmanaged_pointer (ctx, top);
}

static gboolean
stack_slot_is_complex_type_not_reference_type (ILStackDesc *slot)
{
        return stack_slot_get_type (slot) == TYPE_COMPLEX && !MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (slot->type) && !stack_slot_is_boxed_value (slot);
}

static void
do_branch_op (VerifyContext *ctx, signed int delta, const unsigned char table [TYPE_MAX][TYPE_MAX])
{
        ILStackDesc *a, *b;
        int idxa, idxb;
        unsigned char res;
        int target = ctx->ip_offset + delta;

        VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("branch offset %d delta %d target %d\n", ctx->ip_offset, delta, target); );
 
        if (target < 0 || target >= ctx->code_size) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Branch target out of code at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        switch (is_valid_cmp_branch_instruction (ctx->header, ctx->ip_offset, target)) {
        case 1: /*FIXME use constants and not magic numbers.*/
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Branch target escapes out of exception block at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                break;
        case 2:
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Branch target escapes out of exception block at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        ctx->target = target;

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 2))
                return;

        b = stack_pop (ctx);
        a = stack_pop (ctx);

        idxa = stack_slot_get_underlying_type (a);
        if (stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (a))
                idxa = TYPE_PTR;

        idxb = stack_slot_get_underlying_type (b);
        if (stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (b))
                idxb = TYPE_PTR;

        if (stack_slot_is_complex_type_not_reference_type (a) || stack_slot_is_complex_type_not_reference_type (b)) {
                res = TYPE_INV;
        } else {
                --idxa;
                --idxb;
                res = table [idxa][idxb];
        }

        VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("branch res %d\n", res); );
        VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("idxa %d idxb %d\n", idxa, idxb); );

        if (res == TYPE_INV) {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx,
                        g_strdup_printf ("Compare and Branch instruction applyed to ill formed stack (%s x %s) at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (a), stack_slot_get_name (b), ctx->ip_offset));
        } else if (res & NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT) {
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Compare and Branch instruction is not verifiable (%s x %s) at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (a), stack_slot_get_name (b), ctx->ip_offset)); 
                res = res & ~NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT;
        }
}

static void
do_cmp_op (VerifyContext *ctx, const unsigned char table [TYPE_MAX][TYPE_MAX], guint32 opcode)
{
        ILStackDesc *a, *b;
        int idxa, idxb;
        unsigned char res;

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 2))
                return;
        b = stack_pop (ctx);
        a = stack_pop (ctx);

        if (opcode == CEE_CGT_UN) {
                if (stack_slot_get_type (a) == TYPE_COMPLEX && stack_slot_get_type (b) == TYPE_COMPLEX) {
                        stack_push_val (ctx, TYPE_I4, &mono_defaults.int32_class->byval_arg);
                        return;
                }
        }

        idxa = stack_slot_get_underlying_type (a);
        if (stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (a))
                idxa = TYPE_PTR;

        idxb = stack_slot_get_underlying_type (b);
        if (stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (b)) 
                idxb = TYPE_PTR;

        if (stack_slot_is_complex_type_not_reference_type (a) || stack_slot_is_complex_type_not_reference_type (b)) {
                res = TYPE_INV;
        } else {
                --idxa;
                --idxb;
                res = table [idxa][idxb];
        }

        if(res == TYPE_INV) {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf("Compare instruction applyed to ill formed stack (%s x %s) at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (a), stack_slot_get_name (b), ctx->ip_offset));
        } else if (res & NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT) {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Compare instruction is not verifiable (%s x %s) at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (a), stack_slot_get_name (b), ctx->ip_offset)); 
                res = res & ~NON_VERIFIABLE_RESULT;
        }
        stack_push_val (ctx, TYPE_I4, &mono_defaults.int32_class->byval_arg);
}

static void
do_ret (VerifyContext *ctx)
{
        MonoType *ret = ctx->signature->ret;
        VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("checking ret\n"); );
        if (ret->type != MONO_TYPE_VOID) {
                ILStackDesc *top;
                if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                        return;

                top = stack_pop(ctx);

                if (!verify_stack_type_compatibility (ctx, ctx->signature->ret, top)) {
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Incompatible return value on stack with method signature ret at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                        return;
                }

                if (ret->byref || ret->type == MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF || mono_type_is_value_type (ret, "System", "ArgIterator") || mono_type_is_value_type (ret, "System", "RuntimeArgumentHandle"))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Method returns byref, TypedReference, ArgIterator or RuntimeArgumentHandle at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        }

        if (ctx->eval.size > 0) {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Stack not empty (%d) after ret at 0x%04x", ctx->eval.size, ctx->ip_offset));
        } 
        if (in_any_block (ctx->header, ctx->ip_offset))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("ret cannot escape exception blocks at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
}

/*
 * FIXME we need to fix the case of a non-virtual instance method defined in the parent but call using a token pointing to a subclass.
 *      This is illegal but mono_get_method_full decoded it.
 * TODO handle calling .ctor outside one or calling the .ctor for other class but super  
 */
static void
do_invoke_method (VerifyContext *ctx, int method_token, gboolean virtual)
{
        int param_count, i;
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        ILStackDesc *value;
        MonoMethod *method;
        gboolean virt_check_this = FALSE;
        gboolean constrained = ctx->prefix_set & PREFIX_CONSTRAINED;

        if (!(method = verifier_load_method (ctx, method_token, virtual ? "callvirt" : "call")))
                return;

        if (virtual) {
                CLEAR_PREFIX (ctx, PREFIX_CONSTRAINED);

                if (method->klass->valuetype) // && !constrained ???
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use callvirtual with valuetype method at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

                if ((method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use callvirtual with static method at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        } else {
                if (method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_ABSTRACT) 
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use call with an abstract method at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                
                if ((method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL) && !(method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_FINAL) && !(method->klass->flags & TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_SEALED)) {
                        virt_check_this = TRUE;
                        ctx->code [ctx->ip_offset].flags |= IL_CODE_CALL_NONFINAL_VIRTUAL;
                }
        }

        if (!(sig = mono_method_get_signature_full (method, ctx->image, method_token, ctx->generic_context)))
                sig = mono_method_get_signature (method, ctx->image, method_token);

        if (!sig) {
                char *name = mono_type_get_full_name (method->klass);
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Could not resolve signature of %s:%s at 0x%04x", name, method->name, ctx->ip_offset));
                g_free (name);
                return;
        }

        param_count = sig->param_count + sig->hasthis;
        if (!check_underflow (ctx, param_count))
                return;

        for (i = sig->param_count - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
                VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("verifying argument %d\n", i); );
                value = stack_pop (ctx);
                if (!verify_stack_type_compatibility (ctx, sig->params[i], value)) {
                        char *stack_name = stack_slot_full_name (value);
                        char *sig_name = mono_type_full_name (sig->params [i]);
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Incompatible parameter with function signature: Calling method with signature (%s) but for argument %d there is a (%s) on stack at 0x%04x", sig_name, i, stack_name, ctx->ip_offset));
                        g_free (stack_name);
                        g_free (sig_name);
                }

                if (stack_slot_is_managed_mutability_pointer (value))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use a readonly pointer as argument of %s at 0x%04x", virtual ? "callvirt" : "call",  ctx->ip_offset));

                if ((ctx->prefix_set & PREFIX_TAIL) && stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (value)) {
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot  pass a byref argument to a tail %s at 0x%04x", virtual ? "callvirt" : "call",  ctx->ip_offset));
                        return;
                }
        }

        if (sig->hasthis) {
                MonoType *type = &method->klass->byval_arg;
                ILStackDesc copy;

                if (mono_method_is_constructor (method) && !method->klass->valuetype) {
                        if (!mono_method_is_constructor (ctx->method))
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot call a constructor outside one at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                        if (method->klass != ctx->method->klass->parent && method->klass != ctx->method->klass)
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot call a constructor to a type diferent that this or super at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

                        ctx->super_ctor_called = TRUE;
                        value = stack_pop_safe (ctx);
                        if ((value->stype & THIS_POINTER_MASK) != THIS_POINTER_MASK)
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid 'this ptr' argument for constructor at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                } else {
                        value = stack_pop (ctx);
                }
                        
                copy_stack_value (&copy, value);
                //TODO we should extract this to a 'drop_byref_argument' and use everywhere
                //Other parts of the code suffer from the same issue of 
                copy.type = mono_type_get_type_byval (copy.type);
                copy.stype &= ~POINTER_MASK;

                if (virt_check_this && !stack_slot_is_this_pointer (value) && !(method->klass->valuetype || stack_slot_is_boxed_value (value)))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use the call opcode with a non-final virtual method on an object diferent thant the this pointer at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

                if (constrained && virtual) {
                        if (!stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (value))
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Object is not a managed pointer for a constrained call at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                        if (!mono_metadata_type_equal_full (mono_type_get_type_byval (value->type), ctx->constrained_type, TRUE))
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Object not compatible with constrained type at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                        copy.stype |= BOXED_MASK;
                } else {
                        if (stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (value) && !mono_class_from_mono_type (value->type)->valuetype)
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot call a reference type using a managed pointer to the this arg at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        
                        if (!virtual && mono_class_from_mono_type (value->type)->valuetype && !method->klass->valuetype && !stack_slot_is_boxed_value (value))
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot call a valuetype baseclass at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        
                        if (virtual && mono_class_from_mono_type (value->type)->valuetype && !stack_slot_is_boxed_value (value))
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use a valuetype with callvirt at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        
                        if (method->klass->valuetype && (stack_slot_is_boxed_value (value) || !stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (value)))
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use a boxed or literal valuetype to call a valuetype method at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                }
                if (!verify_stack_type_compatibility (ctx, type, &copy))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Incompatible this argument on stack with method signature at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

                if (!IS_SKIP_VISIBILITY (ctx) && !mono_method_can_access_method_full (ctx->method, method, mono_class_from_mono_type (value->type))) {
                        char *name = mono_method_full_name (method, TRUE);
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Method %s is not accessible at 0x%04x", name, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_METHOD_ACCESS);
                        g_free (name);
                }

        } else if (!IS_SKIP_VISIBILITY (ctx) && !mono_method_can_access_method_full (ctx->method, method, NULL)) {
                char *name = mono_method_full_name (method, TRUE);
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Method %s is not accessible at 0x%04x", name, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_METHOD_ACCESS);
                g_free (name);
        }

        if (sig->ret->type != MONO_TYPE_VOID) {
                if (check_overflow (ctx)) {
                        value = stack_push (ctx);
                        set_stack_value (ctx, value, sig->ret, FALSE);
                        if ((ctx->prefix_set & PREFIX_READONLY) && method->klass->rank && !strcmp (method->name, "Address")) {
                                ctx->prefix_set &= ~PREFIX_READONLY;
                                value->stype |= CMMP_MASK;
                        }
                }
        }

        if ((ctx->prefix_set & PREFIX_TAIL)) {
                if (!mono_delegate_ret_equal (mono_method_signature (ctx->method)->ret, sig->ret))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Tail call with incompatible return type at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                if (ctx->header->code [ctx->ip_offset + 5] != CEE_RET)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Tail call not followed by ret at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        }

}

static void
do_push_static_field (VerifyContext *ctx, int token, gboolean take_addr)
{
        MonoClassField *field;
        MonoClass *klass;
        if (!check_overflow (ctx))
                return;
        if (!take_addr)
                CLEAR_PREFIX (ctx, PREFIX_VOLATILE);

        if (!(field = verifier_load_field (ctx, token, &klass, take_addr ? "ldsflda" : "ldsfld")))
                return;

        if (!(field->type->attrs & FIELD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC)) { 
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot load non static field at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }
        /*taking the address of initonly field only works from the static constructor */
        if (take_addr && (field->type->attrs & FIELD_ATTRIBUTE_INIT_ONLY) &&
                !(field->parent == ctx->method->klass && (ctx->method->flags & (METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_SPECIAL_NAME | METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC)) && !strcmp (".cctor", ctx->method->name)))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot take the address of a init-only field at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (!IS_SKIP_VISIBILITY (ctx) && !mono_method_can_access_field_full (ctx->method, field, NULL))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Type at stack is not accessible at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_FIELD_ACCESS);

        set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx), field->type, take_addr);
}

static void
do_store_static_field (VerifyContext *ctx, int token) {
        MonoClassField *field;
        MonoClass *klass;
        ILStackDesc *value;
        CLEAR_PREFIX (ctx, PREFIX_VOLATILE);

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        value = stack_pop (ctx);

        if (!(field = verifier_load_field (ctx, token, &klass, "stsfld")))
                return;

        if (!(field->type->attrs & FIELD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC)) { 
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot store non static field at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        if (field->type->type == MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Typedbyref field is an unverfiable type in store static field at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        if (!IS_SKIP_VISIBILITY (ctx) && !mono_method_can_access_field_full (ctx->method, field, NULL))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Type at stack is not accessible at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_FIELD_ACCESS);

        if (!verify_stack_type_compatibility (ctx, field->type, value))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Incompatible type %s in static field store at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (value), ctx->ip_offset));       
}

static gboolean
check_is_valid_type_for_field_ops (VerifyContext *ctx, int token, ILStackDesc *obj, MonoClassField **ret_field, const char *opcode)
{
        MonoClassField *field;
        MonoClass *klass;
        gboolean is_pointer;

        /*must be a reference type, a managed pointer, an unamanaged pointer, or a valuetype*/
        if (!(field = verifier_load_field (ctx, token, &klass, opcode)))
                return FALSE;

        *ret_field = field;
        //the value on stack is going to be used as a pointer
        is_pointer = stack_slot_get_type (obj) == TYPE_PTR || (stack_slot_get_type (obj) == TYPE_NATIVE_INT && !get_stack_type (&field->parent->byval_arg));

        if (field->type->type == MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Typedbyref field is an unverfiable type at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return FALSE;
        }
        g_assert (obj->type);

        /*The value on the stack must be a subclass of the defining type of the field*/ 
        /* we need to check if we can load the field from the stack value*/
        if (is_pointer) {
                if (stack_slot_get_underlying_type (obj) == TYPE_NATIVE_INT)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Native int is not a verifiable type to reference a field at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

                if (!IS_SKIP_VISIBILITY (ctx) && !mono_method_can_access_field_full (ctx->method, field, NULL))
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Type at stack is not accessible at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_FIELD_ACCESS);
        } else {
                if (!field->parent->valuetype && stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (obj))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Type at stack is a managed pointer to a reference type and is not compatible to reference the field at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

                /*a value type can be loaded from a value or a managed pointer, but not a boxed object*/
                if (field->parent->valuetype && stack_slot_is_boxed_value (obj))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Type at stack is a boxed valuetype and is not compatible to reference the field at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

                if (!stack_slot_is_null_literal (obj) && !verify_stack_type_compatibility_full (ctx, &field->parent->byval_arg, obj, TRUE, FALSE)) {
                        char *found = stack_slot_full_name (obj);
                        char *expected = mono_type_full_name (&field->parent->byval_arg);
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Expected type '%s' but found '%s' referencing the 'this' argument at 0x%04x", expected, found, ctx->ip_offset));
                        g_free (found);
                        g_free (expected);
                }

                if (!IS_SKIP_VISIBILITY (ctx) && !mono_method_can_access_field_full (ctx->method, field, mono_class_from_mono_type (obj->type)))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Type at stack is not accessible at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_FIELD_ACCESS);
        } 

        check_unmanaged_pointer (ctx, obj);
        return TRUE;
}

static void
do_push_field (VerifyContext *ctx, int token, gboolean take_addr)
{
        ILStackDesc *obj;
        MonoClassField *field;

        if (!take_addr)
                CLEAR_PREFIX (ctx, PREFIX_UNALIGNED | PREFIX_VOLATILE);

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;
        obj = stack_pop_safe (ctx);

        if (!check_is_valid_type_for_field_ops (ctx, token, obj, &field, take_addr ? "ldflda" : "ldfld"))
                return;

        if (take_addr && field->parent->valuetype && !stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (obj))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot take the address of a temporary value-type at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (take_addr && (field->type->attrs & FIELD_ATTRIBUTE_INIT_ONLY) &&
                !(field->parent == ctx->method->klass && mono_method_is_constructor (ctx->method)))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot take the address of a init-only field at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx), field->type, take_addr);
}

static void
do_store_field (VerifyContext *ctx, int token)
{
        ILStackDesc *value, *obj;
        MonoClassField *field;
        CLEAR_PREFIX (ctx, PREFIX_UNALIGNED | PREFIX_VOLATILE);

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 2))
                return;

        value = stack_pop (ctx);
        obj = stack_pop_safe (ctx);

        if (!check_is_valid_type_for_field_ops (ctx, token, obj, &field, "stfld"))
                return;

        if (!verify_stack_type_compatibility (ctx, field->type, value))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Incompatible type %s in field store at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (value), ctx->ip_offset));      
}

/*TODO proper handle for Nullable<T>*/
static void
do_box_value (VerifyContext *ctx, int klass_token)
{
        ILStackDesc *value;
        MonoType *type = get_boxable_mono_type (ctx, klass_token, "box");
        MonoClass *klass;       

        if (!type)
                return;

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        value = stack_pop (ctx);
        /*box is a nop for reference types*/

        if (stack_slot_get_underlying_type (value) == TYPE_COMPLEX && MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (value->type) && MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (type)) {
                stack_push_stack_val (ctx, value)->stype |= BOXED_MASK;
                return;
        }


        if (!verify_stack_type_compatibility (ctx, type, value))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid type at stack for boxing operation at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        klass = mono_class_from_mono_type (type);
        if (mono_class_is_nullable (klass))
                type = &mono_class_get_nullable_param (klass)->byval_arg;
        stack_push_val (ctx, TYPE_COMPLEX | BOXED_MASK, type);
}

static void
do_unbox_value (VerifyContext *ctx, int klass_token)
{
        ILStackDesc *value;
        MonoType *type = get_boxable_mono_type (ctx, klass_token, "unbox");

        if (!type)
                return;
 
        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        if (!mono_class_from_mono_type (type)->valuetype)
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid reference type for unbox at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        value = stack_pop (ctx);

        /*Value should be: a boxed valuetype or a reference type*/
        if (!(stack_slot_get_type (value) == TYPE_COMPLEX &&
                (stack_slot_is_boxed_value (value) || !mono_class_from_mono_type (value->type)->valuetype)))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid type %s at stack for unbox operation at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (value), ctx->ip_offset));

        set_stack_value (ctx, value = stack_push (ctx), mono_type_get_type_byref (type), FALSE);
        value->stype |= CMMP_MASK;
}

static void
do_unbox_any (VerifyContext *ctx, int klass_token)
{
        ILStackDesc *value;
        MonoType *type = get_boxable_mono_type (ctx, klass_token, "unbox.any");

        if (!type)
                return;
 
        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        value = stack_pop (ctx);

        /*Value should be: a boxed valuetype or a reference type*/
        if (!(stack_slot_get_type (value) == TYPE_COMPLEX &&
                (stack_slot_is_boxed_value (value) || !mono_class_from_mono_type (value->type)->valuetype)))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid type %s at stack for unbox.any operation at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (value), ctx->ip_offset));
 
        set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx), type, FALSE);
}

static void
do_unary_math_op (VerifyContext *ctx, int op)
{
        ILStackDesc *value;
        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;
        value = stack_pop (ctx);
        switch (stack_slot_get_type (value)) {
        case TYPE_I4:
        case TYPE_I8:
        case TYPE_NATIVE_INT:
                break;
        case TYPE_R8:
                if (op == CEE_NEG)
                        break;
        case TYPE_COMPLEX: /*only enums are ok*/
                if (mono_type_is_enum_type (value->type))
                        break;
        default:
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid type at stack for unary not at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        }
        stack_push_stack_val (ctx, value);
}

static void
do_conversion (VerifyContext *ctx, int kind) 
{
        ILStackDesc *value;
        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;
        value = stack_pop (ctx);

        switch (stack_slot_get_type (value)) {
        case TYPE_I4:
        case TYPE_I8:
        case TYPE_NATIVE_INT:
        case TYPE_R8:
                break;
        default:
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid type (%s) at stack for conversion operation. Numeric type expected at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (value), ctx->ip_offset));
        }

        switch (kind) {
        case TYPE_I4:
                stack_push_val (ctx, TYPE_I4, &mono_defaults.int32_class->byval_arg);
                break;
        case TYPE_I8:
                stack_push_val (ctx,TYPE_I8, &mono_defaults.int64_class->byval_arg);
                break;
        case TYPE_R8:
                stack_push_val (ctx, TYPE_R8, &mono_defaults.double_class->byval_arg);
                break;
        case TYPE_NATIVE_INT:
                stack_push_val (ctx, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, &mono_defaults.int_class->byval_arg);
                break;
        default:
                g_error ("unknown type %02x in conversion", kind);

        }
}

static void
do_load_token (VerifyContext *ctx, int token) 
{
        gpointer handle;
        MonoClass *handle_class;
        if (!check_overflow (ctx))
                return;
        handle = mono_ldtoken (ctx->image, token, &handle_class, ctx->generic_context);
        if (!handle) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid token 0x%x for ldtoken at 0x%04x", token, ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }
        if (handle_class == mono_defaults.typehandle_class) {
                mono_type_is_valid_in_context (ctx, (MonoType*)handle);
        } else if (handle_class == mono_defaults.methodhandle_class) {
                mono_method_is_valid_in_context (ctx, (MonoMethod*)handle);             
        } else if (handle_class == mono_defaults.fieldhandle_class) {
                mono_type_is_valid_in_context (ctx, &((MonoClassField*)handle)->parent->byval_arg);                             
        } else {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid ldtoken type %x at 0x%04x", token, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_BAD_IMAGE);
        }
        stack_push_val (ctx, TYPE_COMPLEX, mono_class_get_type (handle_class));
}

static void
do_ldobj_value (VerifyContext *ctx, int token) 
{
        ILStackDesc *value;
        MonoType *type = get_boxable_mono_type (ctx, token, "ldobj");
        CLEAR_PREFIX (ctx, PREFIX_UNALIGNED | PREFIX_VOLATILE);

        if (!type)
                return;

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        value = stack_pop (ctx);
        if (!stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (value) 
                        && stack_slot_get_type (value) != TYPE_NATIVE_INT
                        && !(stack_slot_get_type (value) == TYPE_PTR && value->type->type != MONO_TYPE_FNPTR)) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid argument %s to ldobj at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (value), ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        if (stack_slot_get_type (value) == TYPE_NATIVE_INT)
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Using native pointer to ldobj at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        /*We have a byval on the stack, but the comparison must be strict. */
        if (!verify_type_compatibility_full (ctx, type, mono_type_get_type_byval (value->type), TRUE))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid type at stack for ldojb operation at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx), type, FALSE);
}

static void
do_stobj (VerifyContext *ctx, int token) 
{
        ILStackDesc *dest, *src;
        MonoType *type = get_boxable_mono_type (ctx, token, "stobj");
        CLEAR_PREFIX (ctx, PREFIX_UNALIGNED | PREFIX_VOLATILE);

        if (!type)
                return;

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 2))
                return;

        src = stack_pop (ctx);
        dest = stack_pop (ctx);

        if (stack_slot_is_managed_mutability_pointer (dest))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use a readonly pointer with stobj at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (!stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (dest)) 
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid destination of stobj operation at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (stack_slot_is_boxed_value (src) && !MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (src->type) && !MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (type))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use stobj with a boxed source value that is not a reference type at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (!verify_stack_type_compatibility (ctx, type, src))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Token and source types of stobj don't match at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (!verify_type_compatibility (ctx, mono_type_get_type_byval (dest->type), type))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Destination and token types of stobj don't match at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
}

static void
do_cpobj (VerifyContext *ctx, int token)
{
        ILStackDesc *dest, *src;
        MonoType *type = get_boxable_mono_type (ctx, token, "cpobj");
        if (!type)
                return;

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 2))
                return;

        src = stack_pop (ctx);
        dest = stack_pop (ctx);

        if (!stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (src)) 
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid source of cpobj operation at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (!stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (dest)) 
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid destination of cpobj operation at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (stack_slot_is_managed_mutability_pointer (dest))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use a readonly pointer with cpobj at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (!verify_type_compatibility (ctx, type, mono_type_get_type_byval (src->type)))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Token and source types of cpobj don't match at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (!verify_type_compatibility (ctx, mono_type_get_type_byval (dest->type), type))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Destination and token types of cpobj don't match at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
}

static void
do_initobj (VerifyContext *ctx, int token)
{
        ILStackDesc *obj;
        MonoType *stack, *type = get_boxable_mono_type (ctx, token, "initobj");
        if (!type)
                return;

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        obj = stack_pop (ctx);

        if (!stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (obj)) 
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid object address for initobj at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (stack_slot_is_managed_mutability_pointer (obj))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use a readonly pointer with initobj at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        stack = mono_type_get_type_byval (obj->type);
        if (MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (stack)) {
                if (!verify_type_compatibility (ctx, stack, type)) 
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Type token of initobj not compatible with value on stack at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                else if (IS_STRICT_MODE (ctx) && !mono_metadata_type_equal (type, stack)) 
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Type token of initobj not compatible with value on stack at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        } else if (!verify_type_compatibility (ctx, stack, type)) {
                char *expected_name = mono_type_full_name (type);
                char *stack_name = mono_type_full_name (stack);

                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Initobj %s not compatible with value on stack %s at 0x%04x", expected_name, stack_name, ctx->ip_offset));
                g_free (expected_name);
                g_free (stack_name);
        }
}

static void
do_newobj (VerifyContext *ctx, int token) 
{
        ILStackDesc *value;
        int i;
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        MonoMethod *method;
        gboolean is_delegate = FALSE;

        if (!(method = verifier_load_method (ctx, token, "newobj")))
                return;

        if (!mono_method_is_constructor (method)) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Method from token 0x%08x not a constructor at 0x%04x", token, ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        if (method->klass->flags & (TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_ABSTRACT | TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_INTERFACE))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Trying to instantiate an abstract or interface type at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (!mono_method_can_access_method_full (ctx->method, method, NULL)) {
                char *from = mono_method_full_name (ctx->method, TRUE);
                char *to = mono_method_full_name (method, TRUE);
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Constructor %s not visible from %s at 0x%04x", to, from, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_METHOD_ACCESS);
                g_free (from);
                g_free (to);
        }

        //FIXME use mono_method_get_signature_full
        sig = mono_method_signature (method);
        if (!sig) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid constructor signature to newobj at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, sig->param_count))
                return;

        is_delegate = method->klass->parent == mono_defaults.multicastdelegate_class;

        if (is_delegate) {
                ILStackDesc *funptr;
                //first arg is object, second arg is fun ptr
                if (sig->param_count != 2) {
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid delegate constructor at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                        return;
                }
                funptr = stack_pop (ctx);
                value = stack_pop (ctx);
                verify_delegate_compatibility (ctx, method->klass, value, funptr);
        } else {
                for (i = sig->param_count - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
                        VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("verifying constructor argument %d\n", i); );
                        value = stack_pop (ctx);
                        if (!verify_stack_type_compatibility (ctx, sig->params [i], value)) {
                                char *stack_name = stack_slot_full_name (value);
                                char *sig_name = mono_type_full_name (sig->params [i]);
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Incompatible parameter value with constructor signature: %s X %s at 0x%04x", sig_name, stack_name, ctx->ip_offset));
                                g_free (stack_name);
                                g_free (sig_name);
                        }

                        if (stack_slot_is_managed_mutability_pointer (value))
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use a readonly pointer as argument of newobj at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                }
        }

        if (check_overflow (ctx))
                set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx),  &method->klass->byval_arg, FALSE);
}

static void
do_cast (VerifyContext *ctx, int token, const char *opcode) {
        ILStackDesc *value;
        MonoType *type;
        gboolean is_boxed;
        gboolean do_box;

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        if (!(type = verifier_load_type (ctx, token, opcode)))
                return;

        if (type->byref) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid %s type at 0x%04x", opcode, ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        value = stack_pop (ctx);
        is_boxed = stack_slot_is_boxed_value (value);

        if (stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (value))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid value for %s at 0x%04x", opcode, ctx->ip_offset));
        else if (!MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE  (value->type) && !is_boxed) {
                char *name = stack_slot_full_name (value);
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Expected a reference type on stack for %s but found %s at 0x%04x", opcode, name, ctx->ip_offset));
                g_free (name);
        }

        switch (value->type->type) {
        case MONO_TYPE_FNPTR:
        case MONO_TYPE_PTR:
        case MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF: 
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid value for %s at 0x%04x", opcode, ctx->ip_offset));
        }

        do_box = is_boxed || mono_type_is_generic_argument(type) || mono_class_from_mono_type (type)->valuetype;
        stack_push_val (ctx, TYPE_COMPLEX | (do_box ? BOXED_MASK : 0), type);
}

static MonoType *
mono_type_from_opcode (int opcode) {
        switch (opcode) {
        case CEE_LDIND_I1:
        case CEE_LDIND_U1:
        case CEE_STIND_I1:
        case CEE_LDELEM_I1:
        case CEE_LDELEM_U1:
        case CEE_STELEM_I1:
                return &mono_defaults.sbyte_class->byval_arg;

        case CEE_LDIND_I2:
        case CEE_LDIND_U2:
        case CEE_STIND_I2:
        case CEE_LDELEM_I2:
        case CEE_LDELEM_U2:
        case CEE_STELEM_I2:
                return &mono_defaults.int16_class->byval_arg;

        case CEE_LDIND_I4:
        case CEE_LDIND_U4:
        case CEE_STIND_I4:
        case CEE_LDELEM_I4:
        case CEE_LDELEM_U4:
        case CEE_STELEM_I4:
                return &mono_defaults.int32_class->byval_arg;

        case CEE_LDIND_I8:
        case CEE_STIND_I8:
        case CEE_LDELEM_I8:
        case CEE_STELEM_I8:
                return &mono_defaults.int64_class->byval_arg;

        case CEE_LDIND_R4:
        case CEE_STIND_R4:
        case CEE_LDELEM_R4:
        case CEE_STELEM_R4:
                return &mono_defaults.single_class->byval_arg;

        case CEE_LDIND_R8:
        case CEE_STIND_R8:
        case CEE_LDELEM_R8:
        case CEE_STELEM_R8:
                return &mono_defaults.double_class->byval_arg;

        case CEE_LDIND_I:
        case CEE_STIND_I:
        case CEE_LDELEM_I:
        case CEE_STELEM_I:
                return &mono_defaults.int_class->byval_arg;

        case CEE_LDIND_REF:
        case CEE_STIND_REF:
        case CEE_LDELEM_REF:
        case CEE_STELEM_REF:
                return &mono_defaults.object_class->byval_arg;

        default:
                g_error ("unknown opcode %02x in mono_type_from_opcode ", opcode);
                return NULL;
        }
}

static void
do_load_indirect (VerifyContext *ctx, int opcode)
{
        ILStackDesc *value;
        CLEAR_PREFIX (ctx, PREFIX_UNALIGNED | PREFIX_VOLATILE);

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;
        
        value = stack_pop (ctx);
        if (!stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (value)) {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Load indirect not using a manager pointer at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx), mono_type_from_opcode (opcode), FALSE);
                return;
        }

        if (opcode == CEE_LDIND_REF) {
                if (stack_slot_get_underlying_type (value) != TYPE_COMPLEX || mono_class_from_mono_type (value->type)->valuetype)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid type at stack for ldind_ref expected object byref operation at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx), mono_type_get_type_byval (value->type), FALSE);
        } else {
                if (!verify_type_compatibility_full (ctx, mono_type_from_opcode (opcode), mono_type_get_type_byval (value->type), TRUE))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid type at stack for ldind 0x%x operation at 0x%04x", opcode, ctx->ip_offset));
                set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx), mono_type_from_opcode (opcode), FALSE);
        }
}

static void
do_store_indirect (VerifyContext *ctx, int opcode)
{
        ILStackDesc *addr, *val;
        CLEAR_PREFIX (ctx, PREFIX_UNALIGNED | PREFIX_VOLATILE);

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 2))
                return;

        val = stack_pop (ctx);
        addr = stack_pop (ctx); 

        check_unmanaged_pointer (ctx, addr);

        if (!stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (addr) && stack_slot_get_type (addr) != TYPE_PTR) {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid non-pointer argument to stind at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        if (stack_slot_is_managed_mutability_pointer (addr)) {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use a readonly pointer with stind at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        if (!verify_type_compatibility_full (ctx, mono_type_from_opcode (opcode), mono_type_get_type_byval (addr->type), TRUE))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid addr type at stack for stind 0x%x operation at 0x%04x", opcode, ctx->ip_offset));

        if (!verify_stack_type_compatibility (ctx, mono_type_from_opcode (opcode), val))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid value type at stack for stind 0x%x operation at 0x%04x", opcode, ctx->ip_offset));
}

static void
do_newarr (VerifyContext *ctx, int token) 
{
        ILStackDesc *value;
        MonoType *type = get_boxable_mono_type (ctx, token, "newarr");

        if (!type)
                return;

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        value = stack_pop (ctx);
        if (stack_slot_get_type (value) != TYPE_I4 && stack_slot_get_type (value) != TYPE_NATIVE_INT)
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Array size type on stack (%s) is not a verifiable type at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (value), ctx->ip_offset));

        set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx), mono_class_get_type (mono_array_class_get (mono_class_from_mono_type (type), 1)), FALSE);
}

/*FIXME handle arrays that are not 0-indexed*/
static void
do_ldlen (VerifyContext *ctx)
{
        ILStackDesc *value;

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        value = stack_pop (ctx);

        if (stack_slot_get_type (value) != TYPE_COMPLEX || value->type->type != MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY)
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid array type for ldlen at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        stack_push_val (ctx, TYPE_NATIVE_INT, &mono_defaults.int_class->byval_arg);     
}

/*FIXME handle arrays that are not 0-indexed*/
/*FIXME handle readonly prefix and CMMP*/
static void
do_ldelema (VerifyContext *ctx, int klass_token)
{
        ILStackDesc *index, *array, *res;
        MonoType *type = get_boxable_mono_type (ctx, klass_token, "ldelema");
        gboolean valid; 

        if (!type)
                return;

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 2))
                return;

        index = stack_pop (ctx);
        array = stack_pop (ctx);

        if (stack_slot_get_type (index) != TYPE_I4 && stack_slot_get_type (index) != TYPE_NATIVE_INT)
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Index type(%s) for ldelema is not an int or a native int at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (index), ctx->ip_offset));

        if (!stack_slot_is_null_literal (array)) {
                if (stack_slot_get_type (array) != TYPE_COMPLEX || array->type->type != MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid array type(%s) for ldelema at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (array), ctx->ip_offset));
                else {
                        if (get_stack_type (type) == TYPE_I4 || get_stack_type (type) == TYPE_NATIVE_INT) {
                                        valid = verify_type_compatibility_full (ctx, type, &array->type->data.klass->byval_arg, TRUE);
                        } else {
                                valid = mono_metadata_type_equal (type, &array->type->data.klass->byval_arg);
                        }
                        if (!valid)
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid array type on stack for ldelema at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                }
        }

        res = stack_push (ctx);
        set_stack_value (ctx, res, type, TRUE);
        if (ctx->prefix_set & PREFIX_READONLY) {
                ctx->prefix_set &= ~PREFIX_READONLY;
                res->stype |= CMMP_MASK;
        }
}

/*
 * FIXME handle arrays that are not 0-indexed
 * FIXME handle readonly prefix and CMMP
 */
static void
do_ldelem (VerifyContext *ctx, int opcode, int token)
{
#define IS_ONE_OF2(T, A, B) (T == A || T == B)
        ILStackDesc *index, *array;
        MonoType *type;
        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 2))
                return;

        if (opcode == CEE_LDELEM) {
                if (!(type = verifier_load_type (ctx, token, "ldelem.any"))) {
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Type (0x%08x) not found at 0x%04x", token, ctx->ip_offset));
                        return;
                }
        } else {
                type = mono_type_from_opcode (opcode);
        }

        index = stack_pop (ctx);
        array = stack_pop (ctx);

        if (stack_slot_get_type (index) != TYPE_I4 && stack_slot_get_type (index) != TYPE_NATIVE_INT)
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Index type(%s) for ldelem.X is not an int or a native int at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (index), ctx->ip_offset));

        if (!stack_slot_is_null_literal (array)) {
                if (stack_slot_get_type (array) != TYPE_COMPLEX || array->type->type != MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid array type(%s) for ldelem.X at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (array), ctx->ip_offset));
                else {
                        if (opcode == CEE_LDELEM_REF) {
                                if (array->type->data.klass->valuetype)
                                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid array type is not a reference type for ldelem.ref 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                                type = &array->type->data.klass->byval_arg;
                        } else {
                                MonoType *candidate = &array->type->data.klass->byval_arg;
                                if (IS_STRICT_MODE (ctx)) {
                                        MonoType *underlying_type = mono_type_get_underlying_type_any (type);
                                        MonoType *underlying_candidate = mono_type_get_underlying_type_any (candidate);
                                        if ((IS_ONE_OF2 (underlying_type->type, MONO_TYPE_I4, MONO_TYPE_U4) && IS_ONE_OF2 (underlying_candidate->type, MONO_TYPE_I, MONO_TYPE_U)) ||
                                                (IS_ONE_OF2 (underlying_candidate->type, MONO_TYPE_I4, MONO_TYPE_U4) && IS_ONE_OF2 (underlying_type->type, MONO_TYPE_I, MONO_TYPE_U)))
                                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid array type on stack for ldelem.X at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                                }
                                if (!verify_type_compatibility_full (ctx, type, candidate, TRUE))
                                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid array type on stack for ldelem.X at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                        }
                }
        }

        set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx), type, FALSE);
#undef IS_ONE_OF2
}

/*
 * FIXME handle arrays that are not 0-indexed
 */
static void
do_stelem (VerifyContext *ctx, int opcode, int token)
{
        ILStackDesc *index, *array, *value;
        MonoType *type;
        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 3))
                return;

        if (opcode == CEE_STELEM) {
                if (!(type = verifier_load_type (ctx, token, "stelem.any"))) {
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Type (0x%08x) not found at 0x%04x", token, ctx->ip_offset));
                        return;
                }
        } else {
                type = mono_type_from_opcode (opcode);
        }
        
        value = stack_pop (ctx);
        index = stack_pop (ctx);
        array = stack_pop (ctx);

        if (stack_slot_get_type (index) != TYPE_I4 && stack_slot_get_type (index) != TYPE_NATIVE_INT)
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Index type(%s) for stdelem.X is not an int or a native int at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (index), ctx->ip_offset));

        if (!stack_slot_is_null_literal (array)) {
                if (stack_slot_get_type (array) != TYPE_COMPLEX || array->type->type != MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY) {
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid array type(%s) for stelem.X at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (array), ctx->ip_offset));
                } else {
                        if (opcode == CEE_STELEM_REF) {
                                if (array->type->data.klass->valuetype)
                                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid array type is not a reference type for stelem.ref 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                        } else if (!verify_type_compatibility_full (ctx, &array->type->data.klass->byval_arg, type, TRUE)) {
                                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid array type on stack for stdelem.X at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                        }
                }
        }
        if (opcode == CEE_STELEM_REF) {
                if (!stack_slot_is_boxed_value (value) && mono_class_from_mono_type (value->type)->valuetype)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid value is not a reference type for stelem.ref 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        } else if (opcode != CEE_STELEM_REF) {
                if (!verify_stack_type_compatibility (ctx, type, value))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid value on stack for stdelem.X at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

                if (stack_slot_is_boxed_value (value) && !MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (value->type) && !MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (type))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use stobj with a boxed source value that is not a reference type at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        }
}

static void
do_throw (VerifyContext *ctx)
{
        ILStackDesc *exception;
        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;
        exception = stack_pop (ctx);

        if (!stack_slot_is_null_literal (exception) && !(stack_slot_get_type (exception) == TYPE_COMPLEX && !mono_class_from_mono_type (exception->type)->valuetype))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid type on stack for throw, expected reference type at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (mono_type_is_generic_argument (exception->type) && !stack_slot_is_boxed_value (exception)) {
                char *name = mono_type_full_name (exception->type);
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid type on stack for throw, expected reference type but found unboxed %s  at 0x%04x ", name, ctx->ip_offset));
                g_free (name);
        }
        /*The stack is left empty after a throw*/
        ctx->eval.size = 0;
}


static void
do_endfilter (VerifyContext *ctx)
{
        MonoExceptionClause *clause;

        if (IS_STRICT_MODE (ctx)) {
                if (ctx->eval.size != 1)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Stack size must have one item for endfilter at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

                if (ctx->eval.size >= 1 && stack_slot_get_type (stack_pop (ctx)) != TYPE_I4)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Stack item type is not an int32 for endfilter at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        }

        if ((clause = is_correct_endfilter (ctx, ctx->ip_offset))) {
                if (IS_STRICT_MODE (ctx)) {
                        if (ctx->ip_offset != clause->handler_offset - 2)
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("endfilter is not the last instruction of the filter clause at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));                       
                } else {
                        if ((ctx->ip_offset != clause->handler_offset - 2) && !MONO_OFFSET_IN_HANDLER (clause, ctx->ip_offset))
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("endfilter is not the last instruction of the filter clause at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                }
        } else {
                if (IS_STRICT_MODE (ctx) && !is_unverifiable_endfilter (ctx, ctx->ip_offset))
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("endfilter outside filter clause at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                else
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("endfilter outside filter clause at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        }

        ctx->eval.size = 0;
}

static void
do_leave (VerifyContext *ctx, int delta)
{
        int target = ((gint32)ctx->ip_offset) + delta;
        if (target >= ctx->code_size || target < 0)
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Branch target out of code at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (!is_correct_leave (ctx->header, ctx->ip_offset, target))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Leave not allowed in finally block at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        ctx->eval.size = 0;
}

/* 
 * do_static_branch:
 * 
 * Verify br and br.s opcodes.
 */
static void
do_static_branch (VerifyContext *ctx, int delta)
{
        int target = ctx->ip_offset + delta;
        if (target < 0 || target >= ctx->code_size) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("branch target out of code at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        switch (is_valid_branch_instruction (ctx->header, ctx->ip_offset, target)) {
        case 1:
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Branch target escapes out of exception block at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                break;
        case 2:
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Branch target escapes out of exception block at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                break;
        }

        ctx->target = target;
}

static void
do_switch (VerifyContext *ctx, int count, const unsigned char *data)
{
        int i, base = ctx->ip_offset + 5 + count * 4;
        ILStackDesc *value;

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        value = stack_pop (ctx);

        if (stack_slot_get_type (value) != TYPE_I4 && stack_slot_get_type (value) != TYPE_NATIVE_INT)
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid argument to switch at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
                int target = base + read32 (data + i * 4);

                if (target < 0 || target >= ctx->code_size) {
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Switch target %x out of code at 0x%04x", i, ctx->ip_offset));
                        return;
                }

                switch (is_valid_branch_instruction (ctx->header, ctx->ip_offset, target)) {
                case 1:
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Switch target %x escapes out of exception block at 0x%04x", i, ctx->ip_offset));
                        break;
                case 2:
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Switch target %x escapes out of exception block at 0x%04x", i, ctx->ip_offset));
                        return;
                }
                merge_stacks (ctx, &ctx->eval, &ctx->code [target], FALSE, TRUE);
        }
}

static void
do_load_function_ptr (VerifyContext *ctx, guint32 token, gboolean virtual)
{
        ILStackDesc *top;
        MonoMethod *method;

        if (virtual && !check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        if (!virtual && !check_overflow (ctx))
                return;

        if (!IS_METHOD_DEF_OR_REF_OR_SPEC (token) || !token_bounds_check (ctx->image, token)) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid token %x for ldftn  at 0x%04x", token, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_BAD_IMAGE);
                return;
        }

        if (!(method = verifier_load_method (ctx, token, virtual ? "ldvirtfrn" : "ldftn")))
                return;

        if (mono_method_is_constructor (method))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use ldftn with a constructor at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (virtual) {
                ILStackDesc *top = stack_pop (ctx);
        
                if (stack_slot_get_type (top) != TYPE_COMPLEX || top->type->type == MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid argument to ldvirtftn at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        
                if (method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use ldvirtftn with a constructor at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

                if (!verify_stack_type_compatibility (ctx, &method->klass->byval_arg, top))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Unexpected object for ldvirtftn at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        }
        
        if (!mono_method_can_access_method_full (ctx->method, method, NULL))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Loaded method is not visible for ldftn/ldvirtftn at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_METHOD_ACCESS);

        top = stack_push_val(ctx, TYPE_PTR, mono_type_create_fnptr_from_mono_method (ctx, method));
        top->method = method;
}

static void
do_sizeof (VerifyContext *ctx, int token)
{
        MonoType *type;

        if (!IS_TYPE_DEF_OR_REF_OR_SPEC (token) || !token_bounds_check (ctx->image, token)) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid type token %x at 0x%04x", token, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_BAD_IMAGE);
                return;
        }
        
        if (!(type = verifier_load_type (ctx, token, "sizeof")))
                return;

        if (type->byref && type->type != MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid use of byref type at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        if (type->type == MONO_TYPE_VOID) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid use of void type at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        if (check_overflow (ctx))
                set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx), &mono_defaults.uint32_class->byval_arg, FALSE);
}

/* Stack top can be of any type, the runtime doesn't care and treat everything as an int. */
static void
do_localloc (VerifyContext *ctx)
{
        ILStackDesc *top;
        
        if (ctx->eval.size != 1) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Stack must have only size item in localloc at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;         
        }

        if (in_any_exception_block (ctx->header, ctx->ip_offset)) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Stack must have only size item in localloc at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                return;
        }

        /*TODO verify top type*/
        top = stack_pop (ctx);

        set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx), &mono_defaults.int_class->byval_arg, FALSE);
        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Instruction localloc in never verifiable at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
}

static void
do_ldstr (VerifyContext *ctx, guint32 token)
{
        GSList *error = NULL;
        if (mono_metadata_token_code (token) != MONO_TOKEN_STRING) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid string token %x at 0x%04x", token, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_BAD_IMAGE);
                return;
        }

        if (!ctx->image->dynamic && !mono_verifier_verify_string_signature (ctx->image, mono_metadata_token_index (token), &error)) {
                if (error)
                        ctx->list = g_slist_concat (ctx->list, error);
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR2 (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid string index %x at 0x%04x", token, ctx->ip_offset), MONO_EXCEPTION_BAD_IMAGE);
                return;
        }

        if (check_overflow (ctx))
                stack_push_val (ctx, TYPE_COMPLEX,  &mono_defaults.string_class->byval_arg);
}

static void
do_refanyval (VerifyContext *ctx, int token)
{
        ILStackDesc *top;
        MonoType *type;
        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        if (!(type = get_boxable_mono_type (ctx, token, "refanyval")))
                return;

        top = stack_pop (ctx);

        if (top->stype != TYPE_PTR || top->type->type != MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF)
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Expected a typedref as argument for refanyval, but found %s at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (top), ctx->ip_offset));

        set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx), type, TRUE);
}

static void
do_refanytype (VerifyContext *ctx)
{
        ILStackDesc *top;

        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        top = stack_pop (ctx);

        if (top->stype != TYPE_PTR || top->type->type != MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF)
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Expected a typedref as argument for refanytype, but found %s at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (top), ctx->ip_offset));

        set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx), &mono_defaults.typehandle_class->byval_arg, FALSE);

}

static void
do_mkrefany (VerifyContext *ctx, int token)
{
        ILStackDesc *top;
        MonoType *type;
        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        if (!(type = get_boxable_mono_type (ctx, token, "refanyval")))
                return;

        top = stack_pop (ctx);

        if (stack_slot_is_managed_mutability_pointer (top))
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use a readonly pointer with mkrefany at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));

        if (!stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (top)) {
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Expected a managed pointer for mkrefany, but found %s at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (top), ctx->ip_offset));
        }else {
                MonoType *stack_type = mono_type_get_type_byval (top->type);
                if (MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (type) && !mono_metadata_type_equal (type, stack_type))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Type not compatible for mkrefany at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
                        
                if (!MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (type) && !verify_type_compatibility_full (ctx, type, stack_type, TRUE))
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Type not compatible for mkrefany at 0x%04x", ctx->ip_offset));
        }

        set_stack_value (ctx, stack_push (ctx), &mono_defaults.typed_reference_class->byval_arg, FALSE);
}

static void
do_ckfinite (VerifyContext *ctx)
{
        ILStackDesc *top;
        if (!check_underflow (ctx, 1))
                return;

        top = stack_pop (ctx);

        if (stack_slot_get_underlying_type (top) != TYPE_R8)
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Expected float32 or float64 on stack for ckfinit but found %s at 0x%04x", stack_slot_get_name (top), ctx->ip_offset)); 
        stack_push_stack_val (ctx, top);
}
/*
 * merge_stacks:
 * Merge the stacks and perform compat checks. The merge check if types of @from are mergeable with type of @to 
 * 
 * @from holds new values for a given control path
 * @to holds the current values of a given control path
 * 
 * TODO we can eliminate the from argument as all callers pass &ctx->eval
 */
static void
merge_stacks (VerifyContext *ctx, ILCodeDesc *from, ILCodeDesc *to, gboolean start, gboolean external) 
{
        MonoError error;
        int i, j, k;
        stack_init (ctx, to);

        if (start) {
                if (to->flags == IL_CODE_FLAG_NOT_PROCESSED) 
                        from->size = 0;
                else
                        stack_copy (&ctx->eval, to);
                goto end_verify;
        } else if (!(to->flags & IL_CODE_STACK_MERGED)) {
                stack_copy (to, &ctx->eval);
                goto end_verify;
        }
        VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("performing stack merge %d x %d\n", from->size, to->size); );

        if (from->size != to->size) {
                VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("different stack sizes %d x %d at 0x%04x\n", from->size, to->size, ctx->ip_offset); );
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Could not merge stacks, different sizes (%d x %d) at 0x%04x", from->size, to->size, ctx->ip_offset)); 
                goto end_verify;
        }

        //FIXME we need to preserve CMMP attributes
        //FIXME we must take null literals into consideration.
        for (i = 0; i < from->size; ++i) {
                ILStackDesc *new_slot = from->stack + i;
                ILStackDesc *old_slot = to->stack + i;
                MonoType *new_type = mono_type_from_stack_slot (new_slot);
                MonoType *old_type = mono_type_from_stack_slot (old_slot);
                MonoClass *old_class = mono_class_from_mono_type (old_type);
                MonoClass *new_class = mono_class_from_mono_type (new_type);
                MonoClass *match_class = NULL;

                // S := T then U = S (new value is compatible with current value, keep current)
                if (verify_stack_type_compatibility (ctx, old_type, new_slot)) {
                        copy_stack_value (new_slot, old_slot);
                        continue;
                }

                // T := S then U = T (old value is compatible with current value, use new)
                if (verify_stack_type_compatibility (ctx, new_type, old_slot)) {
                        copy_stack_value (old_slot, new_slot);
                        continue;
                }

                if (mono_type_is_generic_argument (old_type) || mono_type_is_generic_argument (new_type)) {
                        char *old_name = stack_slot_full_name (old_slot); 
                        char *new_name = stack_slot_full_name (new_slot);
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Could not merge stack at depth %d, types not compatible: %s X %s at 0x%04x", i, old_name, new_name, ctx->ip_offset));
                        g_free (old_name);
                        g_free (new_name);
                        goto end_verify;                        
                } 

                //both are reference types, use closest common super type
                if (!mono_class_from_mono_type (old_type)->valuetype 
                        && !mono_class_from_mono_type (new_type)->valuetype
                        && !stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (old_slot)
                        && !stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (new_slot)) {
                        
                        for (j = MIN (old_class->idepth, new_class->idepth) - 1; j > 0; --j) {
                                if (mono_metadata_type_equal (&old_class->supertypes [j]->byval_arg, &new_class->supertypes [j]->byval_arg)) {
                                        match_class = old_class->supertypes [j];
                                        goto match_found;
                                }
                        }

                        mono_class_setup_interfaces (old_class, &error);
                        if (!mono_error_ok (&error)) {
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot merge stacks due to a TypeLoadException %s at 0x%04x", mono_error_get_message (&error), ctx->ip_offset));
                                mono_error_cleanup (&error);
                                goto end_verify;
                        }
                        for (j = 0; j < old_class->interface_count; ++j) {
                                for (k = 0; k < new_class->interface_count; ++k) {
                                        if (mono_metadata_type_equal (&old_class->interfaces [j]->byval_arg, &new_class->interfaces [k]->byval_arg)) {
                                                match_class = old_class->interfaces [j];
                                                goto match_found;
                                        }
                                }
                        }

                        //No decent super type found, use object
                        match_class = mono_defaults.object_class;
                        goto match_found;
                } else if (is_compatible_boxed_valuetype (ctx,old_type, new_type, new_slot, FALSE) || is_compatible_boxed_valuetype (ctx, new_type, old_type, old_slot, FALSE)) {
                        match_class = mono_defaults.object_class;
                        goto match_found;
                }

                {
                char *old_name = stack_slot_full_name (old_slot); 
                char *new_name = stack_slot_full_name (new_slot);
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Could not merge stack at depth %d, types not compatible: %s X %s at 0x%04x", i, old_name, new_name, ctx->ip_offset)); 
                g_free (old_name);
                g_free (new_name);
                }
                set_stack_value (ctx, old_slot, &new_class->byval_arg, stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (old_slot));
                goto end_verify;

match_found:
                g_assert (match_class);
                set_stack_value (ctx, old_slot, &match_class->byval_arg, stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (old_slot));
                set_stack_value (ctx, new_slot, &match_class->byval_arg, stack_slot_is_managed_pointer (old_slot));
                continue;
        }

end_verify:
        if (external)
                to->flags |= IL_CODE_FLAG_WAS_TARGET;
        to->flags |= IL_CODE_STACK_MERGED;
}

#define HANDLER_START(clause) ((clause)->flags == MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_FILTER ? (clause)->data.filter_offset : clause->handler_offset)
#define IS_CATCH_OR_FILTER(clause) ((clause)->flags == MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_FILTER || (clause)->flags == MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_NONE)

/*
 * is_clause_in_range :
 * 
 * Returns TRUE if either the protected block or the handler of @clause is in the @start - @end range.  
 */
static gboolean
is_clause_in_range (MonoExceptionClause *clause, guint32 start, guint32 end)
{
        if (clause->try_offset >= start && clause->try_offset < end)
                return TRUE;
        if (HANDLER_START (clause) >= start && HANDLER_START (clause) < end)
                return TRUE;
        return FALSE;
}

/*
 * is_clause_inside_range :
 * 
 * Returns TRUE if @clause lies completely inside the @start - @end range.  
 */
static gboolean
is_clause_inside_range (MonoExceptionClause *clause, guint32 start, guint32 end)
{
        if (clause->try_offset < start || (clause->try_offset + clause->try_len) > end)
                return FALSE;
        if (HANDLER_START (clause) < start || (clause->handler_offset + clause->handler_len) > end)
                return FALSE;
        return TRUE;
}

/*
 * is_clause_nested :
 * 
 * Returns TRUE if @nested is nested in @clause.   
 */
static gboolean
is_clause_nested (MonoExceptionClause *clause, MonoExceptionClause *nested)
{
        if (clause->flags == MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_FILTER && is_clause_inside_range (nested, clause->data.filter_offset, clause->handler_offset))
                return TRUE;
        return is_clause_inside_range (nested, clause->try_offset, clause->try_offset + clause->try_len) ||
        is_clause_inside_range (nested, clause->handler_offset, clause->handler_offset + clause->handler_len);
}

/* Test the relationship between 2 exception clauses. Follow  P.1 12.4.2.7 of ECMA
 * the each pair of exception must have the following properties:
 *  - one is fully nested on another (the outer must not be a filter clause) (the nested one must come earlier)
 *  - completely disjoin (none of the 3 regions of each entry overlap with the other 3)
 *  - mutual protection (protected block is EXACT the same, handlers are disjoin and all handler are catch or all handler are filter)
 */
static void
verify_clause_relationship (VerifyContext *ctx, MonoExceptionClause *clause, MonoExceptionClause *to_test)
{
        /*clause is nested*/
        if (to_test->flags == MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_FILTER && is_clause_inside_range (clause, to_test->data.filter_offset, to_test->handler_offset)) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Exception clause inside filter"));
                return;
        }

        /*wrong nesting order.*/
        if (is_clause_nested (clause, to_test)) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Nested exception clause appears after enclosing clause"));
                return;
        }

        /*mutual protection*/
        if (clause->try_offset == to_test->try_offset && clause->try_len == to_test->try_len) {
                /*handlers are not disjoint*/
                if (is_clause_in_range (to_test, HANDLER_START (clause), clause->handler_offset + clause->handler_len)) {
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Exception handlers overlap"));
                        return;
                }
                /* handlers are not catch or filter */
                if (!IS_CATCH_OR_FILTER (clause) || !IS_CATCH_OR_FILTER (to_test)) {
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Exception clauses with shared protected block are neither catch or filter"));
                        return;
                }
                /*OK*/
                return;
        }

        /*not completelly disjoint*/
        if ((is_clause_in_range (to_test, clause->try_offset, clause->try_offset + clause->try_len) ||
                is_clause_in_range (to_test, HANDLER_START (clause), clause->handler_offset + clause->handler_len)) && !is_clause_nested (to_test, clause))
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Exception clauses overlap"));
}

#define code_bounds_check(size) \
        if (ADDP_IS_GREATER_OR_OVF (ip, size, end)) {\
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Code overrun starting with 0x%x at 0x%04x", *ip, ctx.ip_offset)); \
                break; \
        } \

static gboolean
mono_opcode_is_prefix (int op)
{
        switch (op) {
        case MONO_CEE_UNALIGNED_:
        case MONO_CEE_VOLATILE_:
        case MONO_CEE_TAIL_:
        case MONO_CEE_CONSTRAINED_:
        case MONO_CEE_READONLY_:
                return TRUE;
        }
        return FALSE;
}

/*
 * FIXME: need to distinguish between valid and verifiable.
 * Need to keep track of types on the stack.
 * Verify types for opcodes.
 */
GSList*
mono_method_verify (MonoMethod *method, int level)
{
        MonoError error;
        const unsigned char *ip, *code_start;
        const unsigned char *end;
        MonoSimpleBasicBlock *bb = NULL, *original_bb = NULL;

        int i, n, need_merge = 0, start = 0;
        guint token, ip_offset = 0, prefix = 0;
        MonoGenericContext *generic_context = NULL;
        MonoImage *image;
        VerifyContext ctx;
        GSList *tmp;
        VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("Verify IL for method %s %s %s\n",  method->klass->name_space,  method->klass->name, method->name); );

        init_verifier_stats ();

        if (method->iflags & (METHOD_IMPL_ATTRIBUTE_INTERNAL_CALL | METHOD_IMPL_ATTRIBUTE_RUNTIME) ||
                        (method->flags & (METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_PINVOKE_IMPL | METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_ABSTRACT))) {
                return NULL;
        }

        memset (&ctx, 0, sizeof (VerifyContext));

        //FIXME use mono_method_get_signature_full
        ctx.signature = mono_method_signature (method);
        if (!ctx.signature) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Could not decode method signature"));

                finish_collect_stats ();
                return ctx.list;
        }
        ctx.header = mono_method_get_header (method);
        if (!ctx.header) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Could not decode method header"));
                finish_collect_stats ();
                return ctx.list;
        }
        ctx.method = method;
        code_start = ip = ctx.header->code;
        end = ip + ctx.header->code_size;
        ctx.image = image = method->klass->image;


        ctx.max_args = ctx.signature->param_count + ctx.signature->hasthis;
        ctx.max_stack = ctx.header->max_stack;
        ctx.verifiable = ctx.valid = 1;
        ctx.level = level;

        ctx.code = g_new (ILCodeDesc, ctx.header->code_size);
        ctx.code_size = ctx.header->code_size;
        MEM_ALLOC (sizeof (ILCodeDesc) * ctx.header->code_size);

        memset(ctx.code, 0, sizeof (ILCodeDesc) * ctx.header->code_size);

        ctx.num_locals = ctx.header->num_locals;
        ctx.locals = g_memdup (ctx.header->locals, sizeof (MonoType*) * ctx.header->num_locals);
        MEM_ALLOC (sizeof (MonoType*) * ctx.header->num_locals);

        if (ctx.num_locals > 0 && !ctx.header->init_locals)
                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Method with locals variable but without init locals set"));

        ctx.params = g_new (MonoType*, ctx.max_args);
        MEM_ALLOC (sizeof (MonoType*) * ctx.max_args);

        if (ctx.signature->hasthis)
                ctx.params [0] = method->klass->valuetype ? &method->klass->this_arg : &method->klass->byval_arg;
        memcpy (ctx.params + ctx.signature->hasthis, ctx.signature->params, sizeof (MonoType *) * ctx.signature->param_count);

        if (ctx.signature->is_inflated)
                ctx.generic_context = generic_context = mono_method_get_context (method);

        if (!generic_context && (method->klass->generic_container || method->is_generic)) {
                if (method->is_generic)
                        ctx.generic_context = generic_context = &(mono_method_get_generic_container (method)->context);
                else
                        ctx.generic_context = generic_context = &method->klass->generic_container->context;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < ctx.num_locals; ++i) {
                MonoType *uninflated = ctx.locals [i];
                ctx.locals [i] = mono_class_inflate_generic_type_checked (ctx.locals [i], ctx.generic_context, &error);
                if (!mono_error_ok (&error)) {
                        char *name = mono_type_full_name (ctx.locals [i] ? ctx.locals [i] : uninflated);
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid local %d of type %s", i, name));
                        g_free (name);
                        mono_error_cleanup (&error);
                        /* we must not free (in cleanup) what was not yet allocated (but only copied) */
                        ctx.num_locals = i;
                        ctx.max_args = 0;
                        goto cleanup;
                }
        }
        for (i = 0; i < ctx.max_args; ++i) {
                MonoType *uninflated = ctx.params [i];
                ctx.params [i] = mono_class_inflate_generic_type_checked (ctx.params [i], ctx.generic_context, &error);
                if (!mono_error_ok (&error)) {
                        char *name = mono_type_full_name (ctx.params [i] ? ctx.params [i] : uninflated);
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid parameter %d of type %s", i, name));
                        g_free (name);
                        mono_error_cleanup (&error);
                        /* we must not free (in cleanup) what was not yet allocated (but only copied) */
                        ctx.max_args = i;
                        goto cleanup;
                }
        }
        stack_init (&ctx, &ctx.eval);

        for (i = 0; i < ctx.num_locals; ++i) {
                if (!mono_type_is_valid_in_context (&ctx, ctx.locals [i]))
                        break;
                if (get_stack_type (ctx.locals [i]) == TYPE_INV) {
                        char *name = mono_type_full_name (ctx.locals [i]);
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid local %i of type %s", i, name));
                        g_free (name);
                        break;
                }
                
        }

        for (i = 0; i < ctx.max_args; ++i) {
                if (!mono_type_is_valid_in_context (&ctx, ctx.params [i]))
                        break;

                if (get_stack_type (ctx.params [i]) == TYPE_INV) {
                        char *name = mono_type_full_name (ctx.params [i]);
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid parameter %i of type %s", i, name));
                        g_free (name);
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (!ctx.valid)
                goto cleanup;

        for (i = 0; i < ctx.header->num_clauses && ctx.valid; ++i) {
                MonoExceptionClause *clause = ctx.header->clauses + i;
                VERIFIER_DEBUG (printf ("clause try %x len %x filter at %x handler at %x len %x\n", clause->try_offset, clause->try_len, clause->data.filter_offset, clause->handler_offset, clause->handler_len); );

                if (clause->try_offset > ctx.code_size || ADD_IS_GREATER_OR_OVF (clause->try_offset, clause->try_len, ctx.code_size))
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("try clause out of bounds at 0x%04x", clause->try_offset));

                if (clause->try_len <= 0)
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("try clause len <= 0 at 0x%04x", clause->try_offset));

                if (clause->handler_offset > ctx.code_size || ADD_IS_GREATER_OR_OVF (clause->handler_offset, clause->handler_len, ctx.code_size))
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("handler clause out of bounds at 0x%04x", clause->try_offset));

                if (clause->handler_len <= 0)
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("handler clause len <= 0 at 0x%04x", clause->try_offset));

                if (clause->try_offset < clause->handler_offset && ADD_IS_GREATER_OR_OVF (clause->try_offset, clause->try_len, HANDLER_START (clause)))
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("try block (at 0x%04x) includes handler block (at 0x%04x)", clause->try_offset, clause->handler_offset));

                if (clause->flags == MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_FILTER) {
                        if (clause->data.filter_offset > ctx.code_size)
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("filter clause out of bounds at 0x%04x", clause->try_offset));

                        if (clause->data.filter_offset >= clause->handler_offset)
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("filter clause must come before the handler clause at 0x%04x", clause->data.filter_offset));
                }

                for (n = i + 1; n < ctx.header->num_clauses && ctx.valid; ++n)
                        verify_clause_relationship (&ctx, clause, ctx.header->clauses + n);

                if (!ctx.valid)
                        break;

                ctx.code [clause->try_offset].flags |= IL_CODE_FLAG_WAS_TARGET;
                if (clause->try_offset + clause->try_len < ctx.code_size)
                        ctx.code [clause->try_offset + clause->try_len].flags |= IL_CODE_FLAG_WAS_TARGET;
                if (clause->handler_offset + clause->handler_len < ctx.code_size)
                        ctx.code [clause->handler_offset + clause->handler_len].flags |= IL_CODE_FLAG_WAS_TARGET;

                if (clause->flags == MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_NONE) {
                        if (!clause->data.catch_class) {
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Catch clause %d with invalid type", i));
                                break;
                        }
                
                        init_stack_with_value_at_exception_boundary (&ctx, ctx.code + clause->handler_offset, clause->data.catch_class);
                }
                else if (clause->flags == MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_FILTER) {
                        init_stack_with_value_at_exception_boundary (&ctx, ctx.code + clause->data.filter_offset, mono_defaults.exception_class);
                        init_stack_with_value_at_exception_boundary (&ctx, ctx.code + clause->handler_offset, mono_defaults.exception_class);   
                }
        }

        original_bb = bb = mono_basic_block_split (method, &error);
        if (!mono_error_ok (&error)) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid branch target: %s", mono_error_get_message (&error)));
                mono_error_cleanup (&error);
                goto cleanup;
        }
        g_assert (bb);

        while (ip < end && ctx.valid) {
                ip_offset = ip - code_start;
                {
                        const unsigned char *ip_copy = ip;
                        int size, op;

                        if (ip_offset > bb->end) {
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Branch or EH block at [0x%04x] targets middle instruction at 0x%04x", bb->end, ip_offset));
                                goto cleanup;
                        }

                        if (ip_offset == bb->end)
                                bb = bb->next;
        
                        size = mono_opcode_value_and_size (&ip_copy, end, &op);
                        if (size == -1) {
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid instruction %x at 0x%04x", *ip, ip_offset));
                                goto cleanup;
                        }

                        if (ADD_IS_GREATER_OR_OVF (ip_offset, size, bb->end)) {
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Branch or EH block targets middle of instruction at 0x%04x", ip_offset));
                                goto cleanup;
                        }

                        /*Last Instruction*/
                        if (ip_offset + size == bb->end && mono_opcode_is_prefix (op)) {
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Branch or EH block targets between prefix '%s' and instruction at 0x%04x", mono_opcode_name (op), ip_offset));
                                goto cleanup;
                        }

                        if (bb->dead) {
                                /*FIXME remove this once we move all bad branch checking code to use BB only*/
                                ctx.code [ip_offset].flags |= IL_CODE_FLAG_SEEN;
                                ip += size;
                                continue;
                        }
                }

                ctx.ip_offset = ip_offset = ip - code_start;

                /*We need to check against fallthrou in and out of protected blocks.
                 * For fallout we check the once a protected block ends, if the start flag is not set.
                 * Likewise for fallthru in, we check if ip is the start of a protected block and start is not set
                 * TODO convert these checks to be done using flags and not this loop
                 */
                for (i = 0; i < ctx.header->num_clauses && ctx.valid; ++i) {
                        MonoExceptionClause *clause = ctx.header->clauses + i;

                        if ((clause->try_offset + clause->try_len == ip_offset) && start == 0) {
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("fallthru off try block at 0x%04x", ip_offset));
                                start = 1;
                        }

                        if ((clause->handler_offset + clause->handler_len == ip_offset) && start == 0) {
                                if (clause->flags == MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_FILTER)
                                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("fallout of handler block at 0x%04x", ip_offset));
                                else
                                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("fallout of handler block at 0x%04x", ip_offset));
                                start = 1;
                        }

                        if (clause->flags == MONO_EXCEPTION_CLAUSE_FILTER && clause->handler_offset == ip_offset && start == 0) {
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("fallout of filter block at 0x%04x", ip_offset));
                                start = 1;
                        }

                        if (clause->handler_offset == ip_offset && start == 0) {
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("fallthru handler block at 0x%04x", ip_offset));
                                start = 1;
                        }

                        if (clause->try_offset == ip_offset && ctx.eval.size > 0 && start == 0) {
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Try to enter try block with a non-empty stack at 0x%04x", ip_offset));
                                start = 1;
                        }
                }

                if (!ctx.valid)
                        break;

                if (need_merge) {
                        VERIFIER_DEBUG ( printf ("extra merge needed! 0x%04x \n", ctx.target); );
                        merge_stacks (&ctx, &ctx.eval, &ctx.code [ctx.target], FALSE, TRUE);
                        need_merge = 0; 
                }
                merge_stacks (&ctx, &ctx.eval, &ctx.code[ip_offset], start, FALSE);
                start = 0;

                /*TODO we can fast detect a forward branch or exception block targeting code after prefix, we should fail fast*/
#ifdef MONO_VERIFIER_DEBUG
                {
                        char *discode;
                        discode = mono_disasm_code_one (NULL, method, ip, NULL);
                        discode [strlen (discode) - 1] = 0; /* no \n */
                        g_print ("[%d] %-29s (%d)\n",  ip_offset, discode, ctx.eval.size);
                        g_free (discode);
                }
                dump_stack_state (&ctx.code [ip_offset]);
                dump_stack_state (&ctx.eval);
#endif

                switch (*ip) {
                case CEE_NOP:
                case CEE_BREAK:
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDARG_0:
                case CEE_LDARG_1:
                case CEE_LDARG_2:
                case CEE_LDARG_3:
                        push_arg (&ctx, *ip - CEE_LDARG_0, FALSE);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDARG_S:
                case CEE_LDARGA_S:
                        code_bounds_check (2);
                        push_arg (&ctx, ip [1],  *ip == CEE_LDARGA_S);
                        ip += 2;
                        break;

                case CEE_ADD_OVF_UN:
                        do_binop (&ctx, *ip, add_ovf_un_table);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_SUB_OVF_UN:
                        do_binop (&ctx, *ip, sub_ovf_un_table);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_ADD_OVF:
                case CEE_SUB_OVF:
                case CEE_MUL_OVF:
                case CEE_MUL_OVF_UN:
                        do_binop (&ctx, *ip, bin_ovf_table);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_ADD:
                        do_binop (&ctx, *ip, add_table);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_SUB:
                        do_binop (&ctx, *ip, sub_table);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_MUL:
                case CEE_DIV:
                case CEE_REM:
                        do_binop (&ctx, *ip, bin_op_table);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_AND:
                case CEE_DIV_UN:
                case CEE_OR:
                case CEE_REM_UN:
                case CEE_XOR:
                        do_binop (&ctx, *ip, int_bin_op_table);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_SHL:
                case CEE_SHR:
                case CEE_SHR_UN:
                        do_binop (&ctx, *ip, shift_op_table);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_POP:
                        if (!check_underflow (&ctx, 1))
                                break;
                        stack_pop_safe (&ctx);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_RET:
                        do_ret (&ctx);
                        ++ip;
                        start = 1;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDLOC_0:
                case CEE_LDLOC_1:
                case CEE_LDLOC_2:
                case CEE_LDLOC_3:
                        /*TODO support definite assignment verification? */
                        push_local (&ctx, *ip - CEE_LDLOC_0, FALSE);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_STLOC_0:
                case CEE_STLOC_1:
                case CEE_STLOC_2:
                case CEE_STLOC_3:
                        store_local (&ctx, *ip - CEE_STLOC_0);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_STLOC_S:
                        code_bounds_check (2);
                        store_local (&ctx, ip [1]);
                        ip += 2;
                        break;

                case CEE_STARG_S:
                        code_bounds_check (2);
                        store_arg (&ctx, ip [1]);
                        ip += 2;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDC_I4_M1:
                case CEE_LDC_I4_0:
                case CEE_LDC_I4_1:
                case CEE_LDC_I4_2:
                case CEE_LDC_I4_3:
                case CEE_LDC_I4_4:
                case CEE_LDC_I4_5:
                case CEE_LDC_I4_6:
                case CEE_LDC_I4_7:
                case CEE_LDC_I4_8:
                        if (check_overflow (&ctx))
                                stack_push_val (&ctx, TYPE_I4, &mono_defaults.int32_class->byval_arg);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDC_I4_S:
                        code_bounds_check (2);
                        if (check_overflow (&ctx))
                                stack_push_val (&ctx, TYPE_I4, &mono_defaults.int32_class->byval_arg);
                        ip += 2;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDC_I4:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        if (check_overflow (&ctx))
                                stack_push_val (&ctx,TYPE_I4, &mono_defaults.int32_class->byval_arg);
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDC_I8:
                        code_bounds_check (9);
                        if (check_overflow (&ctx))
                                stack_push_val (&ctx,TYPE_I8, &mono_defaults.int64_class->byval_arg);
                        ip += 9;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDC_R4:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        if (check_overflow (&ctx))
                                stack_push_val (&ctx, TYPE_R8, &mono_defaults.double_class->byval_arg);
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDC_R8:
                        code_bounds_check (9);
                        if (check_overflow (&ctx))
                                stack_push_val (&ctx, TYPE_R8, &mono_defaults.double_class->byval_arg);
                        ip += 9;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDNULL:
                        if (check_overflow (&ctx))
                                stack_push_val (&ctx, TYPE_COMPLEX | NULL_LITERAL_MASK, &mono_defaults.object_class->byval_arg);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_BEQ_S:
                case CEE_BNE_UN_S:
                        code_bounds_check (2);
                        do_branch_op (&ctx, (signed char)ip [1] + 2, cmp_br_eq_op);
                        ip += 2;
                        need_merge = 1;
                        break;

                case CEE_BGE_S:
                case CEE_BGT_S:
                case CEE_BLE_S:
                case CEE_BLT_S:
                case CEE_BGE_UN_S:
                case CEE_BGT_UN_S:
                case CEE_BLE_UN_S:
                case CEE_BLT_UN_S:
                        code_bounds_check (2);
                        do_branch_op (&ctx, (signed char)ip [1] + 2, cmp_br_op);
                        ip += 2;
                        need_merge = 1;
                        break;

                case CEE_BEQ:
                case CEE_BNE_UN:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_branch_op (&ctx, (gint32)read32 (ip + 1) + 5, cmp_br_eq_op);
                        ip += 5;
                        need_merge = 1;
                        break;

                case CEE_BGE:
                case CEE_BGT:
                case CEE_BLE:
                case CEE_BLT:
                case CEE_BGE_UN:
                case CEE_BGT_UN:
                case CEE_BLE_UN:
                case CEE_BLT_UN:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_branch_op (&ctx, (gint32)read32 (ip + 1) + 5, cmp_br_op);
                        ip += 5;
                        need_merge = 1;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDLOC_S:
                case CEE_LDLOCA_S:
                        code_bounds_check (2);
                        push_local (&ctx, ip[1], *ip == CEE_LDLOCA_S);
                        ip += 2;
                        break;

                case CEE_UNUSED99:
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Use of the `unused' opcode"));
                        ++ip;
                        break; 

                case CEE_DUP: {
                        ILStackDesc *top;
                        if (!check_underflow (&ctx, 1))
                                break;
                        if (!check_overflow (&ctx))
                                break;
                        top = stack_push (&ctx);
                        copy_stack_value (top, stack_peek (&ctx, 1));
                        ++ip;
                        break;
                }

                case CEE_JMP:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        if (ctx.eval.size)
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Eval stack must be empty in jmp at 0x%04x", ip_offset));
                        token = read32 (ip + 1);
                        if (in_any_block (ctx.header, ip_offset))
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("jmp cannot escape exception blocks at 0x%04x", ip_offset));

                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Intruction jmp is not verifiable at 0x%04x", ctx.ip_offset));
                        /*
                         * FIXME: check signature, retval, arguments etc.
                         */
                        ip += 5;
                        break;
                case CEE_CALL:
                case CEE_CALLVIRT:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_invoke_method (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1), *ip == CEE_CALLVIRT);
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_CALLI:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        token = read32 (ip + 1);
                        /*
                         * FIXME: check signature, retval, arguments etc.
                         * FIXME: check requirements for tail call
                         */
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Intruction calli is not verifiable at 0x%04x", ctx.ip_offset));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;
                case CEE_BR_S:
                        code_bounds_check (2);
                        do_static_branch (&ctx, (signed char)ip [1] + 2);
                        need_merge = 1;
                        ip += 2;
                        start = 1;
                        break;

                case CEE_BRFALSE_S:
                case CEE_BRTRUE_S:
                        code_bounds_check (2);
                        do_boolean_branch_op (&ctx, (signed char)ip [1] + 2);
                        ip += 2;
                        need_merge = 1;
                        break;

                case CEE_BR:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_static_branch (&ctx, (gint32)read32 (ip + 1) + 5);
                        need_merge = 1;
                        ip += 5;
                        start = 1;
                        break;

                case CEE_BRFALSE:
                case CEE_BRTRUE:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_boolean_branch_op (&ctx, (gint32)read32 (ip + 1) + 5);
                        ip += 5;
                        need_merge = 1;
                        break;

                case CEE_SWITCH: {
                        guint32 entries;
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        entries = read32 (ip + 1);

                        if (entries > 0xFFFFFFFFU / sizeof (guint32))
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Too many switch entries %x at 0x%04x", entries, ctx.ip_offset));

                        ip += 5;
                        code_bounds_check (sizeof (guint32) * entries);
                        
                        do_switch (&ctx, entries, ip);
                        ip += sizeof (guint32) * entries;
                        break;
                }
                case CEE_LDIND_I1:
                case CEE_LDIND_U1:
                case CEE_LDIND_I2:
                case CEE_LDIND_U2:
                case CEE_LDIND_I4:
                case CEE_LDIND_U4:
                case CEE_LDIND_I8:
                case CEE_LDIND_I:
                case CEE_LDIND_R4:
                case CEE_LDIND_R8:
                case CEE_LDIND_REF:
                        do_load_indirect (&ctx, *ip);
                        ++ip;
                        break;
                        
                case CEE_STIND_REF:
                case CEE_STIND_I1:
                case CEE_STIND_I2:
                case CEE_STIND_I4:
                case CEE_STIND_I8:
                case CEE_STIND_R4:
                case CEE_STIND_R8:
                case CEE_STIND_I:
                        do_store_indirect (&ctx, *ip);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_NOT:
                case CEE_NEG:
                        do_unary_math_op (&ctx, *ip);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_CONV_I1:
                case CEE_CONV_I2:
                case CEE_CONV_I4:
                case CEE_CONV_U1:
                case CEE_CONV_U2:
                case CEE_CONV_U4:
                        do_conversion (&ctx, TYPE_I4);
                        ++ip;
                        break;                  

                case CEE_CONV_I8:
                case CEE_CONV_U8:
                        do_conversion (&ctx, TYPE_I8);
                        ++ip;
                        break;                  

                case CEE_CONV_R4:
                case CEE_CONV_R8:
                case CEE_CONV_R_UN:
                        do_conversion (&ctx, TYPE_R8);
                        ++ip;
                        break;                  

                case CEE_CONV_I:
                case CEE_CONV_U:
                        do_conversion (&ctx, TYPE_NATIVE_INT);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_CPOBJ:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_cpobj (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDOBJ:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_ldobj_value (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDSTR:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_ldstr (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_NEWOBJ:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_newobj (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_CASTCLASS:
                case CEE_ISINST:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_cast (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1), *ip == CEE_CASTCLASS ? "castclass" : "isinst");
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_UNUSED58:
                case CEE_UNUSED1:
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Use of the `unused' opcode"));
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_UNBOX:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_unbox_value (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_THROW:
                        do_throw (&ctx);
                        start = 1;
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDFLD:
                case CEE_LDFLDA:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_push_field (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1), *ip == CEE_LDFLDA);
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDSFLD:
                case CEE_LDSFLDA:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_push_static_field (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1), *ip == CEE_LDSFLDA);
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_STFLD:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_store_field (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_STSFLD:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_store_static_field (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_STOBJ:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_stobj (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_CONV_OVF_I1_UN:
                case CEE_CONV_OVF_I2_UN:
                case CEE_CONV_OVF_I4_UN:
                case CEE_CONV_OVF_U1_UN:
                case CEE_CONV_OVF_U2_UN:
                case CEE_CONV_OVF_U4_UN:
                        do_conversion (&ctx, TYPE_I4);
                        ++ip;
                        break;                  

                case CEE_CONV_OVF_I8_UN:
                case CEE_CONV_OVF_U8_UN:
                        do_conversion (&ctx, TYPE_I8);
                        ++ip;
                        break;                  

                case CEE_CONV_OVF_I_UN:
                case CEE_CONV_OVF_U_UN:
                        do_conversion (&ctx, TYPE_NATIVE_INT);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_BOX:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_box_value (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_NEWARR:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_newarr (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDLEN:
                        do_ldlen (&ctx);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDELEMA:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_ldelema (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDELEM_I1:
                case CEE_LDELEM_U1:
                case CEE_LDELEM_I2:
                case CEE_LDELEM_U2:
                case CEE_LDELEM_I4:
                case CEE_LDELEM_U4:
                case CEE_LDELEM_I8:
                case CEE_LDELEM_I:
                case CEE_LDELEM_R4:
                case CEE_LDELEM_R8:
                case CEE_LDELEM_REF:
                        do_ldelem (&ctx, *ip, 0);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_STELEM_I:
                case CEE_STELEM_I1:
                case CEE_STELEM_I2:
                case CEE_STELEM_I4:
                case CEE_STELEM_I8:
                case CEE_STELEM_R4:
                case CEE_STELEM_R8:
                case CEE_STELEM_REF:
                        do_stelem (&ctx, *ip, 0);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDELEM:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_ldelem (&ctx, *ip, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_STELEM:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_stelem (&ctx, *ip, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;
                        
                case CEE_UNBOX_ANY:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_unbox_any (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_CONV_OVF_I1:
                case CEE_CONV_OVF_U1:
                case CEE_CONV_OVF_I2:
                case CEE_CONV_OVF_U2:
                case CEE_CONV_OVF_I4:
                case CEE_CONV_OVF_U4:
                        do_conversion (&ctx, TYPE_I4);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_CONV_OVF_I8:
                case CEE_CONV_OVF_U8:
                        do_conversion (&ctx, TYPE_I8);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_CONV_OVF_I:
                case CEE_CONV_OVF_U:
                        do_conversion (&ctx, TYPE_NATIVE_INT);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_REFANYVAL:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_refanyval (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_CKFINITE:
                        do_ckfinite (&ctx);
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_MKREFANY:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_mkrefany (&ctx,  read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_LDTOKEN:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_load_token (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                        ip += 5;
                        break;

                case CEE_ENDFINALLY:
                        if (!is_correct_endfinally (ctx.header, ip_offset))
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("endfinally must be used inside a finally/fault handler at 0x%04x", ctx.ip_offset));
                        ctx.eval.size = 0;
                        start = 1;
                        ++ip;
                        break;

                case CEE_LEAVE:
                        code_bounds_check (5);
                        do_leave (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1) + 5);
                        ip += 5;
                        start = 1;
                        break;

                case CEE_LEAVE_S:
                        code_bounds_check (2);
                        do_leave (&ctx, (signed char)ip [1] + 2);
                        ip += 2;
                        start = 1;
                        break;

                case CEE_PREFIX1:
                        code_bounds_check (2);
                        ++ip;
                        switch (*ip) {
                        case CEE_STLOC:
                                code_bounds_check (3);
                                store_local (&ctx, read16 (ip + 1));
                                ip += 3;
                                break;

                        case CEE_CEQ:
                                do_cmp_op (&ctx, cmp_br_eq_op, *ip);
                                ++ip;
                                break;

                        case CEE_CGT:
                        case CEE_CGT_UN:
                        case CEE_CLT:
                        case CEE_CLT_UN:
                                do_cmp_op (&ctx, cmp_br_op, *ip);
                                ++ip;
                                break;

                        case CEE_STARG:
                                code_bounds_check (3);
                                store_arg (&ctx, read16 (ip + 1) );
                                ip += 3;
                                break;


                        case CEE_ARGLIST:
                                check_overflow (&ctx);
                                if (ctx.signature->call_convention != MONO_CALL_VARARG)
                                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Cannot use arglist on method without VARGARG calling convention at 0x%04x", ctx.ip_offset));
                                set_stack_value (&ctx, stack_push (&ctx), &mono_defaults.argumenthandle_class->byval_arg, FALSE);
                                ++ip;
                                break;
        
                        case CEE_LDFTN:
                                code_bounds_check (5);
                                do_load_function_ptr (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1), FALSE);
                                ip += 5;
                                break;

                        case CEE_LDVIRTFTN:
                                code_bounds_check (5);
                                do_load_function_ptr (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1), TRUE);
                                ip += 5;
                                break;

                        case CEE_LDARG:
                        case CEE_LDARGA:
                                code_bounds_check (3);
                                push_arg (&ctx, read16 (ip + 1),  *ip == CEE_LDARGA);
                                ip += 3;
                                break;

                        case CEE_LDLOC:
                        case CEE_LDLOCA:
                                code_bounds_check (3);
                                push_local (&ctx, read16 (ip + 1), *ip == CEE_LDLOCA);
                                ip += 3;
                                break;

                        case CEE_LOCALLOC:
                                do_localloc (&ctx);
                                ++ip;
                                break;

                        case CEE_UNUSED56:
                        case CEE_UNUSED57:
                        case CEE_UNUSED70:
                        case CEE_UNUSED:
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Use of the `unused' opcode"));
                                ++ip;
                                break;
                        case CEE_ENDFILTER:
                                do_endfilter (&ctx);
                                start = 1;
                                ++ip;
                                break;
                        case CEE_UNALIGNED_:
                                code_bounds_check (2);
                                prefix |= PREFIX_UNALIGNED;
                                ip += 2;
                                break;
                        case CEE_VOLATILE_:
                                prefix |= PREFIX_VOLATILE;
                                ++ip;
                                break;
                        case CEE_TAIL_:
                                prefix |= PREFIX_TAIL;
                                ++ip;
                                if (ip < end && (*ip != CEE_CALL && *ip != CEE_CALLI && *ip != CEE_CALLVIRT))
                                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("tail prefix must be used only with call opcodes at 0x%04x", ip_offset));
                                break;

                        case CEE_INITOBJ:
                                code_bounds_check (5);
                                do_initobj (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                                ip += 5;
                                break;

                        case CEE_CONSTRAINED_:
                                code_bounds_check (5);
                                ctx.constrained_type = get_boxable_mono_type (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1), "constrained.");
                                prefix |= PREFIX_CONSTRAINED;
                                ip += 5;
                                break;
        
                        case CEE_READONLY_:
                                prefix |= PREFIX_READONLY;
                                ip++;
                                break;

                        case CEE_CPBLK:
                                CLEAR_PREFIX (&ctx, PREFIX_UNALIGNED | PREFIX_VOLATILE);
                                if (!check_underflow (&ctx, 3))
                                        break;
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Instruction cpblk is not verifiable at 0x%04x", ctx.ip_offset));
                                ip++;
                                break;
                                
                        case CEE_INITBLK:
                                CLEAR_PREFIX (&ctx, PREFIX_UNALIGNED | PREFIX_VOLATILE);
                                if (!check_underflow (&ctx, 3))
                                        break;
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Instruction initblk is not verifiable at 0x%04x", ctx.ip_offset));
                                ip++;
                                break;
                                
                        case CEE_NO_:
                                ip += 2;
                                break;
                        case CEE_RETHROW:
                                if (!is_correct_rethrow (ctx.header, ip_offset))
                                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("rethrow must be used inside a catch handler at 0x%04x", ctx.ip_offset));
                                ctx.eval.size = 0;
                                start = 1;
                                ++ip;
                                break;

                        case CEE_SIZEOF:
                                code_bounds_check (5);
                                do_sizeof (&ctx, read32 (ip + 1));
                                ip += 5;
                                break;

                        case CEE_REFANYTYPE:
                                do_refanytype (&ctx);
                                ++ip;
                                break;

                        default:
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid instruction FE %x at 0x%04x", *ip, ctx.ip_offset));
                                ++ip;
                        }
                        break;

                default:
                        ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid instruction %x at 0x%04x", *ip, ctx.ip_offset));
                        ++ip;
                }

                /*TODO we can fast detect a forward branch or exception block targeting code after prefix, we should fail fast*/
                if (prefix) {
                        if (!ctx.prefix_set) //first prefix
                                ctx.code [ctx.ip_offset].flags |= IL_CODE_FLAG_SEEN;
                        ctx.prefix_set |= prefix;
                        ctx.has_flags = TRUE;
                        prefix = 0;
                } else {
                        if (!ctx.has_flags)
                                ctx.code [ctx.ip_offset].flags |= IL_CODE_FLAG_SEEN;

                        if (ctx.prefix_set & PREFIX_CONSTRAINED)
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid instruction after constrained prefix at 0x%04x", ctx.ip_offset));
                        if (ctx.prefix_set & PREFIX_READONLY)
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid instruction after readonly prefix at 0x%04x", ctx.ip_offset));
                        if (ctx.prefix_set & PREFIX_VOLATILE)
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid instruction after volatile prefix at 0x%04x", ctx.ip_offset));
                        if (ctx.prefix_set & PREFIX_UNALIGNED)
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid instruction after unaligned prefix at 0x%04x", ctx.ip_offset));
                        ctx.prefix_set = prefix = 0;
                        ctx.has_flags = FALSE;
                }
        }
        /*
         * if ip != end we overflowed: mark as error.
         */
        if ((ip != end || !start) && ctx.verifiable && !ctx.list) {
                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Run ahead of method code at 0x%04x", ip_offset));
        }

        /*We should guard against the last decoded opcode, otherwise we might add errors that doesn't make sense.*/
        for (i = 0; i < ctx.code_size && i < ip_offset; ++i) {
                if (ctx.code [i].flags & IL_CODE_FLAG_WAS_TARGET) {
                        if (!(ctx.code [i].flags & IL_CODE_FLAG_SEEN))
                                ADD_VERIFY_ERROR (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Branch or exception block target middle of intruction at 0x%04x", i));

                        if (ctx.code [i].flags & IL_CODE_DELEGATE_SEQUENCE)
                                CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Branch to delegate code sequence at 0x%04x", i));
                }
                if ((ctx.code [i].flags & IL_CODE_LDFTN_DELEGATE_NONFINAL_VIRTUAL) && ctx.has_this_store)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid ldftn with virtual function in method with stdarg 0 at  0x%04x", i));

                if ((ctx.code [i].flags & IL_CODE_CALL_NONFINAL_VIRTUAL) && ctx.has_this_store)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Invalid call to a non-final virtual function in method with stdarg.0 or ldarga.0 at  0x%04x", i));
        }

        if (mono_method_is_constructor (ctx.method) && !ctx.super_ctor_called && !ctx.method->klass->valuetype && ctx.method->klass != mono_defaults.object_class) {
                char *method_name = mono_method_full_name (ctx.method, TRUE);
                char *type = mono_type_get_full_name (ctx.method->klass);
                if (ctx.method->klass->parent && ctx.method->klass->parent->exception_type != MONO_EXCEPTION_NONE)
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Constructor %s for type %s not calling base type ctor due to a TypeLoadException on base type.", method_name, type));
                else
                        CODE_NOT_VERIFIABLE (&ctx, g_strdup_printf ("Constructor %s for type %s not calling base type ctor.", method_name, type));
                g_free (method_name);
                g_free (type);
        }

cleanup:
        if (ctx.code) {
                for (i = 0; i < ctx.header->code_size; ++i) {
                        if (ctx.code [i].stack)
                                g_free (ctx.code [i].stack);
                }
        }

        for (tmp = ctx.funptrs; tmp; tmp = tmp->next)
                g_free (tmp->data);
        g_slist_free (ctx.funptrs);

        for (tmp = ctx.exception_types; tmp; tmp = tmp->next)
                mono_metadata_free_type (tmp->data);
        g_slist_free (ctx.exception_types);

        for (i = 0; i < ctx.num_locals; ++i) {
                if (ctx.locals [i])
                        mono_metadata_free_type (ctx.locals [i]);
        }
        for (i = 0; i < ctx.max_args; ++i) {
                if (ctx.params [i])
                        mono_metadata_free_type (ctx.params [i]);
        }

        if (ctx.eval.stack)
                g_free (ctx.eval.stack);
        if (ctx.code)
                g_free (ctx.code);
        g_free (ctx.locals);
        g_free (ctx.params);
        mono_basic_block_free (original_bb);
        mono_metadata_free_mh (ctx.header);

        finish_collect_stats ();
        return ctx.list;
}

char*
mono_verify_corlib ()
{
        /* This is a public API function so cannot be removed */
        return NULL;
}

/*
 * Returns true if @method needs to be verified.
 * 
 */
gboolean
mono_verifier_is_enabled_for_method (MonoMethod *method)
{
        return mono_verifier_is_enabled_for_class (method->klass) && method->wrapper_type == MONO_WRAPPER_NONE;
}

/*
 * Returns true if @klass need to be verified.
 * 
 */
gboolean
mono_verifier_is_enabled_for_class (MonoClass *klass)
{
        return verify_all || (verifier_mode > MONO_VERIFIER_MODE_OFF && !(klass->image->assembly && klass->image->assembly->in_gac) && klass->image != mono_defaults.corlib);
}

gboolean
mono_verifier_is_enabled_for_image (MonoImage *image)
{
        return verify_all || verifier_mode > MONO_VERIFIER_MODE_OFF;
}

gboolean
mono_verifier_is_method_full_trust (MonoMethod *method)
{
        return mono_verifier_is_class_full_trust (method->klass);
}

/*
 * Returns if @klass is under full trust or not.
 * 
 * TODO This code doesn't take CAS into account.
 * 
 * Under verify_all all user code must be verifiable if no security option was set 
 * 
 */
gboolean
mono_verifier_is_class_full_trust (MonoClass *klass)
{
        /* under CoreCLR code is trusted if it is part of the "platform" otherwise all code inside the GAC is trusted */
        gboolean trusted_location = (mono_security_get_mode () != MONO_SECURITY_MODE_CORE_CLR) ? 
                (klass->image->assembly && klass->image->assembly->in_gac) : mono_security_core_clr_is_platform_image (klass->image);

        if (verify_all && verifier_mode == MONO_VERIFIER_MODE_OFF)
                return trusted_location || klass->image == mono_defaults.corlib;
        return verifier_mode < MONO_VERIFIER_MODE_VERIFIABLE || trusted_location || klass->image == mono_defaults.corlib;
}

GSList*
mono_method_verify_with_current_settings (MonoMethod *method, gboolean skip_visibility)
{
        return mono_method_verify (method, 
                        (verifier_mode != MONO_VERIFIER_MODE_STRICT ? MONO_VERIFY_NON_STRICT: 0)
                        | (!mono_verifier_is_method_full_trust (method) ? MONO_VERIFY_FAIL_FAST : 0)
                        | (skip_visibility ? MONO_VERIFY_SKIP_VISIBILITY : 0));
}

static int
get_field_end (MonoClassField *field)
{
        int align;
        int size = mono_type_size (field->type, &align);
        if (size == 0)
                size = 4; /*FIXME Is this a safe bet?*/
        return size + field->offset;
}

static gboolean
verify_class_for_overlapping_reference_fields (MonoClass *class)
{
        int i = 0, j;
        gpointer iter = NULL;
        MonoClassField *field;
        gboolean is_fulltrust = mono_verifier_is_class_full_trust (class);
        /*We can't skip types with !has_references since this is calculated after we have run.*/
        if (!((class->flags & TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_LAYOUT_MASK) == TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_EXPLICIT_LAYOUT))
                return TRUE;


        /*We must check for stuff overlapping reference fields.
          The outer loop uses mono_class_get_fields to ensure that MonoClass:fields get inited.
        */
        while ((field = mono_class_get_fields (class, &iter))) {
                int fieldEnd = get_field_end (field);
                gboolean is_valuetype = !MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (field->type);
                ++i;

                if (mono_field_is_deleted (field) || (field->type->attrs & FIELD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC))
                        continue;

                for (j = i; j < class->field.count; ++j) {
                        MonoClassField *other = &class->fields [j];
                        int otherEnd = get_field_end (other);
                        if (mono_field_is_deleted (other) || (is_valuetype && !MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (other->type)) || (other->type->attrs & FIELD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC))
                                continue;

                        if (!is_valuetype && MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (other->type) && field->offset == other->offset && is_fulltrust)
                                continue;

                        if ((otherEnd > field->offset && otherEnd <= fieldEnd) || (other->offset >= field->offset && other->offset < fieldEnd))
                                return FALSE;
                }
        }
        return TRUE;
}

static guint
field_hash (gconstpointer key)
{
        const MonoClassField *field = key;
        return g_str_hash (field->name) ^ mono_metadata_type_hash (field->type); /**/
}

static gboolean
field_equals (gconstpointer _a, gconstpointer _b)
{
        const MonoClassField *a = _a;
        const MonoClassField *b = _b;
        return !strcmp (a->name, b->name) && mono_metadata_type_equal (a->type, b->type);
}


static gboolean
verify_class_fields (MonoClass *class)
{
        gpointer iter = NULL;
        MonoClassField *field;
        MonoGenericContext *context = mono_class_get_context (class);
        GHashTable *unique_fields = g_hash_table_new_full (&field_hash, &field_equals, NULL, NULL);
        if (class->generic_container)
                context = &class->generic_container->context;

        while ((field = mono_class_get_fields (class, &iter)) != NULL) {
                if (!mono_type_is_valid_type_in_context (field->type, context)) {
                        g_hash_table_destroy (unique_fields);
                        return FALSE;
                }
                if (g_hash_table_lookup (unique_fields, field)) {
                        g_hash_table_destroy (unique_fields);
                        return FALSE;
                }
                g_hash_table_insert (unique_fields, field, field);
        }
        g_hash_table_destroy (unique_fields);
        return TRUE;
}

static gboolean
verify_interfaces (MonoClass *class)
{
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < class->interface_count; ++i) {
                MonoClass *iface = class->interfaces [i];
                if (!(iface->flags & TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_INTERFACE))
                        return FALSE;
        }
        return TRUE;
}

static gboolean
verify_valuetype_layout_with_target (MonoClass *class, MonoClass *target_class)
{
        int type;
        gpointer iter = NULL;
        MonoClassField *field;
        MonoClass *field_class;

        if (!class->valuetype)
                return TRUE;

        type = class->byval_arg.type;
        /*primitive type fields are not properly decoded*/
        if ((type >= MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN && type <= MONO_TYPE_R8) || (type >= MONO_TYPE_I && type <= MONO_TYPE_U))
                return TRUE;

        while ((field = mono_class_get_fields (class, &iter)) != NULL) {
                if (!field->type)
                        return FALSE;

                if (field->type->attrs & (FIELD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC | FIELD_ATTRIBUTE_HAS_FIELD_RVA))
                        continue;

                field_class = mono_class_get_generic_type_definition (mono_class_from_mono_type (field->type));

                if (field_class == target_class || class == field_class || !verify_valuetype_layout_with_target (field_class, target_class))
                        return FALSE;
        }

        return TRUE;
}

static gboolean
verify_valuetype_layout (MonoClass *class)
{
        gboolean res;
        res = verify_valuetype_layout_with_target (class, class);
        return res;
}

/*
 * Check if the class is verifiable.
 * 
 * Right now there are no conditions that make a class a valid but not verifiable. Both overlapping reference
 * field and invalid generic instantiation are fatal errors.
 * 
 * This method must be safe to be called from mono_class_init and all code must be carefull about that.
 * 
 */
gboolean
mono_verifier_verify_class (MonoClass *class)
{
        /*Neither <Module>, object or ifaces have parent.*/
        if (!class->parent &&
                class != mono_defaults.object_class && 
                !MONO_CLASS_IS_INTERFACE (class) &&
                (!class->image->dynamic && class->type_token != 0x2000001)) /*<Module> is the first type in the assembly*/
                return FALSE;
        if (class->parent && MONO_CLASS_IS_INTERFACE (class->parent))
                return FALSE;
        if (class->generic_container && (class->flags & TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_LAYOUT_MASK) == TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_EXPLICIT_LAYOUT)
                return FALSE;
        if (!verify_class_for_overlapping_reference_fields (class))
                return FALSE;
        if (class->generic_class && !mono_class_is_valid_generic_instantiation (NULL, class))
                return FALSE;
        if (class->generic_class == NULL && !verify_class_fields (class))
                return FALSE;
        if (class->valuetype && !verify_valuetype_layout (class))
                return FALSE;
        if (!verify_interfaces (class))
                return FALSE;
        return TRUE;
}
#else

gboolean
mono_verifier_verify_class (MonoClass *class)
{
        /* The verifier was disabled at compile time */
        return TRUE;
}

GSList*
mono_method_verify_with_current_settings (MonoMethod *method, gboolean skip_visibility)
{
        /* The verifier was disabled at compile time */
        return NULL;
}

gboolean
mono_verifier_is_class_full_trust (MonoClass *klass)
{
        /* The verifier was disabled at compile time */
        return TRUE;
}

gboolean
mono_verifier_is_method_full_trust (MonoMethod *method)
{
        /* The verifier was disabled at compile time */
        return TRUE;
}

gboolean
mono_verifier_is_enabled_for_image (MonoImage *image)
{
        /* The verifier was disabled at compile time */
        return FALSE;
}

gboolean
mono_verifier_is_enabled_for_class (MonoClass *klass)
{
        /* The verifier was disabled at compile time */
        return FALSE;
}

gboolean
mono_verifier_is_enabled_for_method (MonoMethod *method)
{
        /* The verifier was disabled at compile time */
        return FALSE;
}

GSList*
mono_method_verify (MonoMethod *method, int level)
{
        /* The verifier was disabled at compile time */
        return NULL;
}

void
mono_free_verify_list (GSList *list)
{
        /* The verifier was disabled at compile time */
        /* will always be null if verifier is disabled */
}

#endif