[marshal] Free delegates with target that are passed to native code. (#15935)

[mono-project.git] / mono / metadata / marshal.c

/**
 * \file
 * Routines for marshaling complex types in P/Invoke methods.
 * 
 * Author:
 *   Paolo Molaro (lupus@ximian.com)
 *
 * Copyright 2002-2003 Ximian, Inc (http://www.ximian.com)
 * Copyright 2004-2009 Novell, Inc (http://www.novell.com)
 * Copyright 2011 Xamarin, Inc (http://www.xamarin.com)
 *
 * Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
 */

#include "config.h"
#ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
#include <alloca.h>
#endif

#include "object.h"
#include "loader.h"
#include "cil-coff.h"
#include "metadata/marshal.h"
#include "metadata/marshal-internals.h"
#include "metadata/marshal-ilgen.h"
#include "metadata/method-builder.h"
#include "metadata/method-builder-internals.h"
#include "metadata/tabledefs.h"
#include "metadata/exception.h"
#include "metadata/appdomain.h"
#include "mono/metadata/abi-details.h"
#include "mono/metadata/class-abi-details.h"
#include "mono/metadata/debug-helpers.h"
#include "mono/metadata/threads.h"
#include "mono/metadata/monitor.h"
#include "mono/metadata/class-init.h"
#include "mono/metadata/class-internals.h"
#include "mono/metadata/metadata-internals.h"
#include "mono/metadata/domain-internals.h"
#include "mono/metadata/gc-internals.h"
#include "mono/metadata/threads-types.h"
#include "mono/metadata/string-icalls.h"
#include "mono/metadata/attrdefs.h"
#include "mono/metadata/cominterop.h"
#include "mono/metadata/remoting.h"
#include "mono/metadata/reflection-internals.h"
#include "mono/metadata/threadpool.h"
#include "mono/metadata/handle.h"
#include "mono/metadata/object-internals.h"
#include "mono/metadata/custom-attrs-internals.h"
#include "mono/metadata/abi-details.h"
#include "mono/metadata/custom-attrs-internals.h"
#include "mono/metadata/loader-internals.h"
#include "mono/utils/mono-counters.h"
#include "mono/utils/mono-tls.h"
#include "mono/utils/mono-memory-model.h"
#include "mono/utils/atomic.h"
#include <mono/utils/mono-threads.h>
#include <mono/utils/mono-threads-coop.h>
#include <mono/utils/mono-error-internals.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "icall-decl.h"
#include "icall-signatures.h"

static void
mono_string_utf16len_to_builder (MonoStringBuilderHandle sb, const gunichar2 *text, gsize len, MonoError *error);

/* #define DEBUG_RUNTIME_CODE */

#define OPDEF(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j) \
        a = i,

enum {
#include "mono/cil/opcode.def"
        LAST = 0xff
};
#undef OPDEF

/* 
 * This mutex protects the various marshalling related caches in MonoImage
 * and a few other data structures static to this file.
 *
 * The marshal lock is a non-recursive complex lock that sits below the domain lock in the
 * runtime locking latice. Which means it can take simple locks suck as the image lock.
 */
#define mono_marshal_lock() mono_locks_coop_acquire (&marshal_mutex, MarshalLock)
#define mono_marshal_unlock() mono_locks_coop_release (&marshal_mutex, MarshalLock)
static MonoCoopMutex marshal_mutex;
static gboolean marshal_mutex_initialized;

static MonoNativeTlsKey last_error_tls_id;

static MonoNativeTlsKey load_type_info_tls_id;

static gboolean use_aot_wrappers;

static int class_marshal_info_count;

static MonoMarshalCallbacks *
get_marshal_cb (void);

static void
delegate_hash_table_add (MonoDelegateHandle d);

static void
delegate_hash_table_remove (MonoDelegate *d);

/* Lazy class loading functions */
//used by marshal-ilgen.c
GENERATE_TRY_GET_CLASS_WITH_CACHE (stringbuilder, "System.Text", "StringBuilder");
static GENERATE_TRY_GET_CLASS_WITH_CACHE (unmanaged_function_pointer_attribute, "System.Runtime.InteropServices", "UnmanagedFunctionPointerAttribute");

static MonoImage*
get_method_image (MonoMethod *method)
{
        return m_class_get_image (method->klass);
}

// func is an identifier, that names a function, and is also in jit-icall-reg.h,
// and therefore a field in mono_jit_icall_info and can be token pasted into an enum value.
//
// The name of func must be linkable for AOT, for example g_free does not work (monoeg_g_free instead),
// nor does the C++ overload fmod (mono_fmod instead). These functions therefore
// must be extern "C".
#define register_icall(func, sig, no_wrapper) \
        (mono_register_jit_icall_info (&mono_get_jit_icall_info ()->func, func, #func, (sig), (no_wrapper), #func))

MonoMethodSignature*
mono_signature_no_pinvoke (MonoMethod *method)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *sig = mono_method_signature_internal (method);
        if (sig->pinvoke) {
                sig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (get_method_image (method), sig);
                sig->pinvoke = FALSE;
        }
        
        return sig;
}

void
mono_marshal_init_tls (void)
{
        mono_native_tls_alloc (&last_error_tls_id, NULL);
        mono_native_tls_alloc (&load_type_info_tls_id, NULL);
}

MonoObject*
mono_object_isinst_icall (MonoObject *obj, MonoClass *klass)
{
        if (!klass)
                return NULL;

        /* This is called from stelemref so it is expected to succeed */
        /* Fastpath */
        if (mono_class_is_interface (klass)) {
                MonoVTable *vt = obj->vtable;

                if (!m_class_is_inited (klass))
                        mono_class_init_internal (klass);

                if (MONO_VTABLE_IMPLEMENTS_INTERFACE (vt, m_class_get_interface_id (klass)))
                        return obj;
        }

        ERROR_DECL (error);
        MonoObject *result = mono_object_isinst_checked (obj, klass, error);
        mono_error_set_pending_exception (error);
        return result;
}

MonoStringHandle
ves_icall_mono_string_from_utf16_impl (const gunichar2 *data, MonoError *error)
{
        MonoString *s = mono_string_from_utf16_checked (data, error);
        return_val_if_nok (error, NULL_HANDLE_STRING);
        return MONO_HANDLE_NEW (MonoString, s);
}

char*
ves_icall_mono_string_to_utf8_impl (MonoStringHandle str, MonoError *error)
{
        return mono_string_handle_to_utf8 (str, error);
}

MonoStringHandle
ves_icall_string_new_wrapper_impl (const char *text, MonoError *error)
{
        return text ? mono_string_new_handle (mono_domain_get (), text, error) : NULL_HANDLE_STRING;
}

void
mono_marshal_init (void)
{
        static gboolean module_initialized = FALSE;

        if (!module_initialized) {
                module_initialized = TRUE;
                mono_coop_mutex_init_recursive (&marshal_mutex);
                marshal_mutex_initialized = TRUE;

                register_icall (mono_marshal_string_to_utf16, mono_icall_sig_ptr_obj, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_marshal_string_to_utf16_copy, mono_icall_sig_ptr_obj, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_string_to_utf16_internal, mono_icall_sig_ptr_obj, FALSE);
                register_icall (ves_icall_mono_string_from_utf16, mono_icall_sig_obj_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_string_from_byvalstr, mono_icall_sig_obj_ptr_int, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_string_from_byvalwstr, mono_icall_sig_obj_ptr_int, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_string_new_wrapper_internal, mono_icall_sig_obj_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (ves_icall_string_new_wrapper, mono_icall_sig_obj_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_string_new_len_wrapper, mono_icall_sig_obj_ptr_int, FALSE);
                register_icall (ves_icall_mono_string_to_utf8, mono_icall_sig_ptr_obj, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_string_to_utf8str, mono_icall_sig_ptr_obj, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_string_to_ansibstr, mono_icall_sig_ptr_object, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_string_builder_to_utf8, mono_icall_sig_ptr_object, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_string_builder_to_utf16, mono_icall_sig_ptr_object, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_array_to_savearray, mono_icall_sig_ptr_object, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_array_to_lparray, mono_icall_sig_ptr_object, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_free_lparray, mono_icall_sig_void_object_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_byvalarray_to_byte_array, mono_icall_sig_void_object_ptr_int32, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_array_to_byte_byvalarray, mono_icall_sig_void_ptr_object_int32, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_delegate_to_ftnptr, mono_icall_sig_ptr_object, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_ftnptr_to_delegate, mono_icall_sig_object_ptr_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_marshal_asany, mono_icall_sig_ptr_object_int32_int32, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_marshal_free_asany, mono_icall_sig_void_object_ptr_int32_int32, FALSE);
                register_icall (ves_icall_marshal_alloc, mono_icall_sig_ptr_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_marshal_free, mono_icall_sig_void_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_marshal_set_last_error, mono_icall_sig_void, TRUE);
                register_icall (mono_marshal_set_last_error_windows, mono_icall_sig_void_int32, TRUE);
                register_icall (mono_marshal_clear_last_error, mono_icall_sig_void, TRUE);
                register_icall (mono_string_utf8_to_builder, mono_icall_sig_void_ptr_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_string_utf8_to_builder2, mono_icall_sig_object_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_string_utf16_to_builder, mono_icall_sig_void_ptr_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_string_utf16_to_builder2, mono_icall_sig_object_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_marshal_free_array, mono_icall_sig_void_ptr_int32, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_string_to_byvalstr, mono_icall_sig_void_ptr_ptr_int32, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_string_to_byvalwstr, mono_icall_sig_void_ptr_ptr_int32, FALSE);
                // Because #define g_free monoeg_g_free.
                register_icall (monoeg_g_free, mono_icall_sig_void_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_object_isinst_icall, mono_icall_sig_object_object_ptr, TRUE);
                register_icall (mono_struct_delete_old, mono_icall_sig_void_ptr_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_delegate_begin_invoke, mono_icall_sig_object_object_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_delegate_end_invoke, mono_icall_sig_object_object_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_gc_wbarrier_generic_nostore_internal, mono_icall_sig_void_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_gchandle_get_target_internal, mono_icall_sig_object_int32, TRUE);
                register_icall (mono_marshal_isinst_with_cache, mono_icall_sig_object_object_ptr_ptr, FALSE);
                register_icall (mono_threads_enter_gc_safe_region_unbalanced, mono_icall_sig_ptr_ptr, TRUE);
                register_icall (mono_threads_exit_gc_safe_region_unbalanced, mono_icall_sig_void_ptr_ptr, TRUE);
                register_icall (mono_threads_enter_gc_unsafe_region_unbalanced, mono_icall_sig_ptr_ptr, TRUE);
                register_icall (mono_threads_exit_gc_unsafe_region_unbalanced, mono_icall_sig_void_ptr_ptr, TRUE);
                register_icall (mono_threads_attach_coop, mono_icall_sig_ptr_ptr_ptr, TRUE);
                register_icall (mono_threads_detach_coop, mono_icall_sig_void_ptr_ptr, TRUE);
                register_icall (mono_marshal_get_type_object, mono_icall_sig_object_ptr, TRUE);

                mono_cominterop_init ();
                mono_remoting_init ();

                mono_counters_register ("MonoClass::class_marshal_info_count count",
                                                                MONO_COUNTER_METADATA | MONO_COUNTER_INT, &class_marshal_info_count);
        }
}

void
mono_marshal_cleanup (void)
{
        mono_cominterop_cleanup ();

        mono_native_tls_free (load_type_info_tls_id);
        mono_native_tls_free (last_error_tls_id);
        mono_coop_mutex_destroy (&marshal_mutex);
        marshal_mutex_initialized = FALSE;
}

void
mono_marshal_lock_internal (void)
{
        mono_marshal_lock ();
}

void
mono_marshal_unlock_internal (void)
{
        mono_marshal_unlock ();
}

// This is a JIT icall, it sets the pending exception (in wrapper) and return NULL on error.
gpointer
mono_delegate_to_ftnptr_impl (MonoDelegateHandle delegate, MonoError *error)
{
        gpointer result = NULL;
        MonoMethod *method, *wrapper;
        MonoClass *klass;
        uint32_t target_handle = 0;

        if (MONO_HANDLE_IS_NULL (delegate))
                goto leave;

        if (MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (delegate, delegate_trampoline)) {
                result = MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (delegate, delegate_trampoline);
                goto leave;
        }

        klass = mono_handle_class (delegate);
        g_assert (m_class_is_delegate (klass));

        method = MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (delegate, method);
        if (MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (delegate, method_is_virtual)) {
                MonoObjectHandle delegate_target = MONO_HANDLE_NEW_GET (MonoObject, delegate, target);
                method = mono_object_handle_get_virtual_method (delegate_target, method, error);
                goto_if_nok (error, leave);
        }

        if (method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_PINVOKE_IMPL) {
                gpointer ftnptr;

                ftnptr = mono_lookup_pinvoke_call_internal (method, error);
                if (!ftnptr) {
                        g_assert (!is_ok (error));
                        goto leave;
                }
                result = ftnptr;
                goto leave;
        }

        MonoObjectHandle delegate_target;
        delegate_target = MONO_HANDLE_NEW_GET (MonoObject, delegate, target);
        if (!MONO_HANDLE_IS_NULL (delegate_target)) {
                /* Produce a location which can be embedded in JITted code */
                target_handle = mono_gchandle_new_weakref_from_handle (delegate_target);
        }

        wrapper = mono_marshal_get_managed_wrapper (method, klass, target_handle, error);
        goto_if_nok (error, leave);

        MONO_HANDLE_SETVAL (delegate, delegate_trampoline, gpointer, mono_compile_method_checked (wrapper, error));
        goto_if_nok (error, leave);

        // Add the delegate to the delegate hash table
        delegate_hash_table_add (delegate);

        /* when the object is collected, collect the dynamic method, too */
        mono_object_register_finalizer ((MonoObject*) MONO_HANDLE_RAW (delegate));

        result = MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (delegate, delegate_trampoline);

leave:
        if (!is_ok (error) && target_handle != 0)
                mono_gchandle_free_internal (target_handle);
        return result;
}

/* 
 * this hash table maps from a delegate trampoline object to a weak reference
 * of the delegate. As an optimizations with a non-moving GC we store the
 * object pointer itself, otherwise we use a GC handle.
 */
static GHashTable *delegate_hash_table;

static GHashTable *
delegate_hash_table_new (void) {
        return g_hash_table_new (NULL, NULL);
}

static void 
delegate_hash_table_remove (MonoDelegate *d)
{
        guint32 gchandle = 0;

        if (!d->target)
                return;

        mono_marshal_lock ();
        if (delegate_hash_table == NULL)
                delegate_hash_table = delegate_hash_table_new ();
        gchandle = GPOINTER_TO_UINT (g_hash_table_lookup (delegate_hash_table, d->delegate_trampoline));
        g_hash_table_remove (delegate_hash_table, d->delegate_trampoline);
        mono_marshal_unlock ();
        if (gchandle)
                mono_gchandle_free_internal (gchandle);
}

static void
delegate_hash_table_add (MonoDelegateHandle d)
{
        mono_marshal_lock ();
        if (delegate_hash_table == NULL)
                delegate_hash_table = delegate_hash_table_new ();
        gpointer delegate_trampoline = MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (d, delegate_trampoline);
        gboolean has_target = MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (d, target) != NULL;
        if (has_target) {
                // If the delegate has an instance method there is 1 to 1 mapping between
                // the delegate object and the delegate_trampoline
                guint32 gchandle = GPOINTER_TO_UINT (g_hash_table_lookup (delegate_hash_table, delegate_trampoline));
                if (gchandle) {
                        // Somehow, some other thread beat us to it ?
                        g_assert (mono_gchandle_target_equal (gchandle, MONO_HANDLE_CAST (MonoObject, d)));
                } else {
                        gchandle = mono_gchandle_new_weakref_from_handle (MONO_HANDLE_CAST (MonoObject, d));
                        g_hash_table_insert (delegate_hash_table, delegate_trampoline, GUINT_TO_POINTER (gchandle));
                }
        } else {
                if (g_hash_table_lookup (delegate_hash_table, delegate_trampoline) == NULL) {
                        guint32 gchandle = mono_gchandle_from_handle (MONO_HANDLE_CAST (MonoObject, d), FALSE);
                        // This delegate will always be associated with its delegate_trampoline in the table.
                        // We don't free this delegate object because it is too expensive to keep track of these
                        // pairs and avoid races with the delegate finalization.
                        g_hash_table_insert (delegate_hash_table, delegate_trampoline, GUINT_TO_POINTER (gchandle));
                }
        }
        mono_marshal_unlock ();
}

/*
 * mono_marshal_use_aot_wrappers:
 *
 *   Instructs this module to use AOT compatible wrappers.
 */
void
mono_marshal_use_aot_wrappers (gboolean use)
{
        use_aot_wrappers = use;
}

static void
parse_unmanaged_function_pointer_attr (MonoClass *klass, MonoMethodPInvoke *piinfo)
{
        ERROR_DECL (error);
        MonoCustomAttrInfo *cinfo;
        MonoReflectionUnmanagedFunctionPointerAttribute *attr;

        /* The attribute is only available in Net 2.0 */
        if (mono_class_try_get_unmanaged_function_pointer_attribute_class ()) {
                /* 
                 * The pinvoke attributes are stored in a real custom attribute so we have to
                 * construct it.
                 */
                cinfo = mono_custom_attrs_from_class_checked (klass, error);
                if (!mono_error_ok (error)) {
                        g_warning ("Could not load UnmanagedFunctionPointerAttribute due to %s", mono_error_get_message (error));
                        mono_error_cleanup (error);
                }
                if (cinfo && !mono_runtime_get_no_exec ()) {
                        attr = (MonoReflectionUnmanagedFunctionPointerAttribute*)mono_custom_attrs_get_attr_checked (cinfo, mono_class_try_get_unmanaged_function_pointer_attribute_class (), error);
                        if (attr) {
                                piinfo->piflags = (attr->call_conv << 8) | (attr->charset ? (attr->charset - 1) * 2 : 1) | attr->set_last_error;
                        } else {
                                if (!mono_error_ok (error)) {
                                        g_warning ("Could not load UnmanagedFunctionPointerAttribute due to %s", mono_error_get_message (error));
                                        mono_error_cleanup (error);
                                }
                        }
                        if (!cinfo->cached)
                                mono_custom_attrs_free (cinfo);
                }
        }
}

/* This is a JIT icall, it sets the pending exception (in wrapper) and returns NULL on error */
MonoDelegateHandle
mono_ftnptr_to_delegate_impl (MonoClass *klass, gpointer ftn, MonoError *error)
{
        guint32 gchandle;
        MonoDelegateHandle d = MONO_HANDLE_NEW (MonoDelegate, NULL);

        if (ftn == NULL)
                goto leave;

        mono_marshal_lock ();
        if (delegate_hash_table == NULL)
                delegate_hash_table = delegate_hash_table_new ();
        gchandle = GPOINTER_TO_UINT (g_hash_table_lookup (delegate_hash_table, ftn));
        mono_marshal_unlock ();
        if (gchandle)
                MONO_HANDLE_ASSIGN (d, MONO_HANDLE_CAST (MonoDelegate, mono_gchandle_get_target_handle (gchandle)));

        if (MONO_HANDLE_IS_NULL (d)) {
                /* This is a native function, so construct a delegate for it */
                MonoMethodSignature *sig;
                MonoMethod *wrapper;
                MonoMarshalSpec **mspecs;
                MonoMethod *invoke = mono_get_delegate_invoke_internal (klass);
                MonoMethodPInvoke piinfo;
                MonoObjectHandle  this_obj;
                int i;

                if (use_aot_wrappers) {
                        wrapper = mono_marshal_get_native_func_wrapper_aot (klass);
                        this_obj = MONO_HANDLE_NEW (MonoObject, mono_value_box_checked (mono_domain_get (), mono_defaults.int_class, &ftn, error));
                        goto_if_nok (error, leave);
                } else {
                        memset (&piinfo, 0, sizeof (piinfo));
                        parse_unmanaged_function_pointer_attr (klass, &piinfo);

                        mspecs = g_new0 (MonoMarshalSpec*, mono_method_signature_internal (invoke)->param_count + 1);
                        mono_method_get_marshal_info (invoke, mspecs);
                        /* Freed below so don't alloc from mempool */
                        sig = mono_metadata_signature_dup (mono_method_signature_internal (invoke));
                        sig->hasthis = 0;

                        wrapper = mono_marshal_get_native_func_wrapper (m_class_get_image (klass), sig, &piinfo, mspecs, ftn);
                        this_obj = MONO_HANDLE_NEW (MonoObject, NULL);

                        for (i = mono_method_signature_internal (invoke)->param_count; i >= 0; i--)
                                if (mspecs [i])
                                        mono_metadata_free_marshal_spec (mspecs [i]);
                        g_free (mspecs);
                        g_free (sig);
                }

                MONO_HANDLE_ASSIGN (d, mono_object_new_handle (mono_domain_get (), klass, error));
                goto_if_nok (error, leave);
                gpointer compiled_ptr = mono_compile_method_checked (wrapper, error);
                goto_if_nok (error, leave);

                mono_delegate_ctor_with_method (MONO_HANDLE_CAST (MonoObject, d), this_obj, compiled_ptr, wrapper, error);
                goto_if_nok (error, leave);
        }

        g_assert (!MONO_HANDLE_IS_NULL (d));
        if (MONO_HANDLE_DOMAIN (d) != mono_domain_get ())
                mono_error_set_not_supported (error, "Delegates cannot be marshalled from native code into a domain other than their home domain");
leave:
        return d;
}

void
mono_delegate_free_ftnptr (MonoDelegate *delegate)
{
        MonoJitInfo *ji;
        void *ptr;

        delegate_hash_table_remove (delegate);

        ptr = (gpointer)mono_atomic_xchg_ptr (&delegate->delegate_trampoline, NULL);

        if (!delegate->target) {
                /* The wrapper method is shared between delegates -> no need to free it */
                return;
        }

        if (ptr) {
                uint32_t gchandle;
                void **method_data;
                MonoMethod *method;

                ji = mono_jit_info_table_find (mono_domain_get (), mono_get_addr_from_ftnptr (ptr));
                /* FIXME we leak wrapper with the interpreter */
                if (!ji)
                        return;

                method = mono_jit_info_get_method (ji);
                method_data = (void **)((MonoMethodWrapper*)method)->method_data;

                /*the target gchandle is the first entry after size and the wrapper itself.*/
                gchandle = GPOINTER_TO_UINT (method_data [2]);

                if (gchandle)
                        mono_gchandle_free_internal (gchandle);

                mono_runtime_free_method (mono_object_domain (delegate), method);
        }
}

/* This is a JIT icall, it sets the pending exception (in wrapper) and returns NULL on error */
MonoStringHandle
mono_string_from_byvalstr_impl (const char *data, int max_len, MonoError *error)
{
        // FIXME This optimization ok to miss before wrapper? Or null is rare?
        if (!data)
                return NULL_HANDLE_STRING;

        int len = 0;
        while (len < max_len - 1 && data [len])
                len++;

        // FIXMEcoop
        MonoString *s = mono_string_new_len_checked (mono_domain_get (), data, len, error);
        return_val_if_nok (error, NULL_HANDLE_STRING);
        return MONO_HANDLE_NEW (MonoString, s);
}

/* This is a JIT icall, it sets the pending exception (in wrapper) and return NULL on error */
MonoStringHandle
mono_string_from_byvalwstr_impl (const gunichar2 *data, int max_len, MonoError *error)
{
        // FIXME This optimization ok to miss before wrapper? Or null is rare?
        if (!data)
                return NULL_HANDLE_STRING;

        // FIXME Check max_len while scanning data? mono_string_from_byvalstr does.
        const int len = g_utf16_len (data);

        return mono_string_new_utf16_handle (mono_domain_get (), data, MIN (len, max_len), error);
}

gpointer
mono_array_to_savearray_impl (MonoArrayHandle array, MonoError *error)
{
        if (!MONO_HANDLE_BOOL (array))
                return NULL;

        g_assert_not_reached ();
        return NULL;
}

gpointer
mono_array_to_lparray_impl (MonoArrayHandle array_handle, MonoError *error)
{
        if (!MONO_HANDLE_BOOL (array_handle))
                return NULL;

        MonoArray *array = MONO_HANDLE_RAW (array_handle); // FIXMEcoop

#ifndef DISABLE_COM
        gpointer *nativeArray = NULL;
        int nativeArraySize = 0;
        int i = 0;
        MonoClass *klass = array->obj.vtable->klass;
        MonoClass *klass_element_class = m_class_get_element_class (klass);

        switch (m_class_get_byval_arg (klass_element_class)->type) {
        case MONO_TYPE_VOID:
                g_assert_not_reached ();
                break;
        case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
                nativeArraySize = array->max_length;
                nativeArray = g_new (gpointer, nativeArraySize);
                for (i = 0; i < nativeArraySize; ++i) {
                        nativeArray [i] = mono_cominterop_get_com_interface (((MonoObject **)array->vector)[i], klass_element_class, error);
                        if (!is_ok (error)) {
                                // FIXME? Returns uninitialized.
                                break;
                        }
                }
                return nativeArray;
        case MONO_TYPE_U1:
        case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
        case MONO_TYPE_I1:
        case MONO_TYPE_U2:
        case MONO_TYPE_CHAR:
        case MONO_TYPE_I2:
        case MONO_TYPE_I:
        case MONO_TYPE_U:
        case MONO_TYPE_I4:
        case MONO_TYPE_U4:
        case MONO_TYPE_U8:
        case MONO_TYPE_I8:
        case MONO_TYPE_R4:
        case MONO_TYPE_R8:
        case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE:
        case MONO_TYPE_PTR:
                /* nothing to do */
                break;
        case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST:
        case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
        case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY: 
        case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY:
        case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
        default:
                g_warning ("type 0x%x not handled", m_class_get_byval_arg (klass_element_class)->type);
                g_assert_not_reached ();
        }
#endif
        return array->vector;
}

void
mono_free_lparray_impl (MonoArrayHandle array, gpointer* nativeArray, MonoError *error)
{
#ifndef DISABLE_COM
        if (!nativeArray || MONO_HANDLE_IS_NULL (array))
                return;

        MonoClass * const klass = mono_handle_class (array);

        if (m_class_get_byval_arg (m_class_get_element_class (klass))->type == MONO_TYPE_CLASS)
                g_free (nativeArray);
#endif
}

/* This is a JIT icall, it sets the pending exception (in wrapper) and returns on error */
void
mono_byvalarray_to_byte_array_impl (MonoArrayHandle arr, const char *native_arr, guint32 elnum, MonoError *error)
{
        g_assert (m_class_get_element_class (mono_handle_class (arr)) == mono_defaults.char_class);

        GError *gerror = NULL;
        glong items_written;
        gunichar2 *ut = g_utf8_to_utf16 (native_arr, elnum, NULL, &items_written, &gerror);
        if (gerror) {
                // FIXME set error?
                g_error_free (gerror);
                return;
        }
        gchandle_t gchandle = 0;
        memcpy (MONO_ARRAY_HANDLE_PIN (arr, gunichar2, 0, &gchandle), ut, items_written * sizeof (gunichar2));
        mono_gchandle_free_internal (gchandle);
        g_free (ut);
}

/* This is a JIT icall, it sets the pending exception (in wrapper) and returns on error */
void
mono_array_to_byte_byvalarray_impl (gpointer native_arr, MonoArrayHandle arr, guint32 elnum, MonoError *error)
{
        g_assert (m_class_get_element_class (mono_handle_class (arr)) == mono_defaults.char_class);

        GError *gerror = NULL;

        gchandle_t gchandle = 0;
        char *as = g_utf16_to_utf8 (MONO_ARRAY_HANDLE_PIN (arr, gunichar2, 0, &gchandle), mono_array_handle_length (arr), NULL, NULL, &gerror);
        mono_gchandle_free_internal (gchandle);
        if (gerror) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, "string", gerror->message);
                g_error_free (gerror);
                return;
        }
        memcpy (native_arr, as, MIN (strlen (as), elnum));
        g_free (as);
}

static MonoStringBuilderHandle
mono_string_builder_new (int starting_string_length, MonoError *error)
{
        static MonoClass *string_builder_class;
        static MonoMethod *sb_ctor;
        void *args [1];

        int initial_len = starting_string_length;

        if (initial_len < 0)
                initial_len = 0;

        if (!sb_ctor) {
                MonoMethodDesc *desc;
                MonoMethod *m;

                string_builder_class = mono_class_try_get_stringbuilder_class ();
                g_assert (string_builder_class); //TODO don't swallow the error
                desc = mono_method_desc_new (":.ctor(int)", FALSE);
                m = mono_method_desc_search_in_class (desc, string_builder_class);
                g_assert (m);
                mono_method_desc_free (desc);
                mono_memory_barrier ();
                sb_ctor = m;
        }

        // We make a new array in the _to_builder function, so this
        // array will always be garbage collected.
        args [0] = &initial_len;

        MonoStringBuilderHandle sb = MONO_HANDLE_CAST (MonoStringBuilder, mono_object_new_handle (mono_domain_get (), string_builder_class, error));
        mono_error_assert_ok (error);

        mono_runtime_try_invoke_handle (sb_ctor, MONO_HANDLE_CAST (MonoObject, sb), args, error);
        mono_error_assert_ok (error);

        MonoArrayHandle chunkChars = MONO_HANDLE_NEW_GET (MonoArray, sb, chunkChars);
        g_assert (MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (chunkChars, max_length) >= initial_len);

        return sb;
}

static void
mono_string_utf16_to_builder_copy (MonoStringBuilderHandle sb, const gunichar2 *text, size_t string_len, MonoError *error)
{
        MonoArrayHandle chunkChars = MONO_HANDLE_NEW (MonoArray, NULL);
        MonoStringBuilderHandle chunk = MONO_HANDLE_NEW (MonoStringBuilder, MONO_HANDLE_RAW (sb));

        guint capacity = mono_string_builder_capacity (sb);

        g_assert (capacity >= string_len);

        MONO_ENTER_NO_SAFEPOINTS;

        do {
                MONO_HANDLE_GET (chunkChars, chunk, chunkChars);
                const int maxLength = MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (chunkChars, max_length);
                g_assert (maxLength >= 0);
                const int chunkOffset = MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (chunk, chunkOffset);
                g_assert (chunkOffset >= 0);
                if (maxLength > 0 && chunkOffset < string_len) {
                        // Check that we will not overrun our boundaries.
                        int charsToCopy = MIN (string_len - chunkOffset, maxLength);
                        memcpy (MONO_HANDLE_RAW (chunkChars)->vector, text + chunkOffset, charsToCopy * sizeof (gunichar2));
                        MONO_HANDLE_SETVAL (chunk, chunkLength, int, charsToCopy);
                } else {
                        MONO_HANDLE_SETVAL (chunk, chunkLength, int, 0);
                }
                MONO_HANDLE_GET (chunk, chunk, chunkPrevious);
        } while (MONO_HANDLE_BOOL (chunk));

        MONO_EXIT_NO_SAFEPOINTS;
}

MonoStringBuilderHandle
mono_string_utf16_to_builder2_impl (const gunichar2 *text, MonoError *error)
{
        if (!text)
                return NULL_HANDLE_STRING_BUILDER;

        const gsize len = g_utf16_len (text);

        MonoStringBuilderHandle sb = mono_string_builder_new (len, error);
        return_val_if_nok (error, NULL_HANDLE_STRING_BUILDER);

        mono_string_utf16len_to_builder (sb, text, len, error);
        return_val_if_nok (error, NULL_HANDLE_STRING_BUILDER);

        return sb;
}

static void
mono_string_utf8len_to_builder (MonoStringBuilderHandle sb, const char *text, gsize len, MonoError *error)
{
        if (!MONO_HANDLE_BOOL (sb) || !text)
                return;

        GError *gerror = NULL;
        glong copied;
        gunichar2* ut = g_utf8_to_utf16 (text, len, NULL, &copied, &gerror);
        int capacity = mono_string_builder_capacity (sb);

        if (copied > capacity)
                copied = capacity;

        if (!gerror) {
                MONO_HANDLE_SETRAW (sb, chunkPrevious, NULL);
                mono_string_utf16_to_builder_copy (sb, ut, copied, error);
        } else {
                // FIXME? Set error?
                g_error_free (gerror);
        }

        g_free (ut);
}

void
mono_string_utf8_to_builder_impl (MonoStringBuilderHandle sb, const char *text, MonoError *error)
{
        mono_string_utf8len_to_builder (sb, text, text ? strlen (text) : 0, error);
}

MonoStringBuilderHandle
mono_string_utf8_to_builder2_impl (const char *text, MonoError *error)
{
        if (!text)
                return NULL_HANDLE_STRING_BUILDER;

        const gsize len = strlen (text);

        MonoStringBuilderHandle sb = mono_string_builder_new (len, error);
        return_val_if_nok (error, NULL_HANDLE_STRING_BUILDER);

        mono_string_utf8len_to_builder (sb, text, len, error);
        return_val_if_nok (error, NULL_HANDLE_STRING_BUILDER);

        return sb;
}

static void
mono_string_utf16len_to_builder (MonoStringBuilderHandle sb, const gunichar2 *text, gsize len, MonoError *error)
{
        if (!MONO_HANDLE_BOOL (sb) || !text)
                return;
        len = MIN (len, mono_string_builder_capacity (sb));
        mono_string_utf16_to_builder_copy (sb, text, len, error);
}

void
mono_string_utf16_to_builder_impl (MonoStringBuilderHandle sb, const gunichar2 *text, MonoError *error)
{
        mono_string_utf16len_to_builder (sb, text, text ? g_utf16_len (text) : 0, error);
}

/**
 * mono_string_builder_to_utf8:
 * \param sb the string builder
 *
 * Converts to utf8 the contents of the \c MonoStringBuilder .
 *
 * \returns a utf8 string with the contents of the \c StringBuilder .
 *
 * The return value must be released with mono_marshal_free.
 *
 * This is a JIT icall, it sets the pending exception (in wrapper) and returns NULL on error.
 */
gchar*
mono_string_builder_to_utf8_impl (MonoStringBuilderHandle sb, MonoError *error)
{
        char *res = NULL;
        GError *gerror = NULL;
        char *tmp = NULL;
        gunichar2 *str_utf16 = NULL;
        glong byte_count;
        guint len = 0;

        if (!MONO_HANDLE_BOOL (sb))
                goto exit;

        str_utf16 = mono_string_builder_to_utf16_impl (sb, error);
        goto_if_nok (error, exit);

        tmp = g_utf16_to_utf8 (str_utf16, mono_string_builder_string_length (sb), NULL, &byte_count, &gerror);
        if (gerror) {
                mono_error_set_execution_engine (error, "Failed to convert StringBuilder from utf16 to utf8");
                goto exit;
        }

        len = mono_string_builder_capacity (sb) + 1;
        res = (char *)mono_marshal_alloc (MAX (byte_count + 1, len), error);
        if (!is_ok (error)) {
                res = NULL;
                goto exit;
        }

        memcpy (res, tmp, byte_count);
        res [byte_count] = 0;
exit:
        g_error_free (gerror);
        mono_marshal_free (str_utf16);
        g_free (tmp);
        return res;
}

/**
 * mono_string_builder_to_utf16:
 * \param sb the string builder
 *
 * Converts to utf16 the contents of the \c MonoStringBuilder .
 *
 * Returns: a utf16 string with the contents of the \c StringBuilder .
 *
 * The return value must be released with mono_marshal_free.
 *
 * This is a JIT icall, it sets the pending exception (in wrapper) and returns NULL on error.
 */
gunichar2*
mono_string_builder_to_utf16_impl (MonoStringBuilderHandle sb, MonoError *error)
{
        if (!MONO_HANDLE_BOOL (sb))
                return NULL;

        g_assert (MONO_HANDLE_GET_BOOL (sb, chunkChars));

        guint capacity = mono_string_builder_capacity (sb);
        guint length = mono_string_builder_string_length (sb);

        // Follow CoreCLR and double NULL terminate the buffer so we have more protection
        // against native code putting garbage in there.

        gunichar2 *str = (gunichar2 *)mono_marshal_alloc ((capacity + 2) * sizeof (gunichar2), error);
        return_val_if_nok (error, NULL);

        str [capacity] = 0;
        str [capacity + 1] = 0;

        MonoArrayHandle chunkChars = MONO_HANDLE_NEW (MonoArray, NULL);
        MonoStringBuilderHandle chunk = MONO_HANDLE_NEW (MonoStringBuilder, MONO_HANDLE_RAW (sb));

        MONO_ENTER_NO_SAFEPOINTS;

        do {
                const int chunkLength = MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (chunk, chunkLength);
                g_assert (chunkLength >= 0);
                if (chunkLength > 0) {
                        // Check that we will not overrun our boundaries.
                        MONO_HANDLE_GET (chunkChars, chunk, chunkChars);
                        const int chunkOffset = MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (chunk, chunkOffset);
                        g_assert (chunkOffset >= 0);
                        g_assertf ((chunkOffset + chunkLength) >= chunkLength, "integer overflow");
                        g_assertf ((chunkOffset + chunkLength) <= capacity, "A chunk in the StringBuilder had a length longer than expected from the offset.");
                        memcpy (str + chunkOffset, MONO_HANDLE_RAW (chunkChars)->vector, chunkLength * sizeof (gunichar2));
                }
                MONO_HANDLE_GET (chunk, chunk, chunkPrevious);
        } while (MONO_HANDLE_BOOL (chunk));

        str [length] = 0;

        MONO_EXIT_NO_SAFEPOINTS;

        return str;
}

#ifndef HOST_WIN32

/* This is a JIT icall, it sets the pending exception (in wrapper) and returns NULL on error. */
gpointer
mono_string_to_utf8str_impl (MonoStringHandle s, MonoError *error)
{
        return mono_string_handle_to_utf8 (s, error);
}

#endif

gpointer
mono_string_to_ansibstr_impl (MonoStringHandle string_obj, MonoError *error)
{
        g_error ("UnmanagedMarshal.BStr is not implemented.");
        return NULL;
}

/**
 * mono_string_to_byvalstr:
 * \param dst Where to store the null-terminated utf8 decoded string.
 * \param src the \c MonoString to copy.
 * \param size the maximum number of bytes to copy.
 *
 * Copies the \c MonoString pointed to by \p src as a utf8 string
 * into \p dst, it copies at most \p size bytes into the destination.
 */
void
mono_string_to_byvalstr_impl (char *dst, MonoStringHandle src, int size, MonoError *error)
{
        g_assert (dst != NULL);
        g_assert (size > 0);

        memset (dst, 0, size);
        if (!MONO_HANDLE_BOOL (src))
                return;

        // FIXME convert right into dst instead of the double copy.

        char *s = mono_string_handle_to_utf8 (src, error);
        return_if_nok (error);
        int len = MIN (size, strlen (s));
        len -= (len >= size);
        memcpy (dst, s, len);
        dst [len] = 0;
        g_free (s);
}

/**
 * mono_string_to_byvalwstr:
 * \param dst Where to store the null-terminated utf16 decoded string.
 * \param src the \c MonoString to copy.
 * \param size the maximum number of wide characters to copy (each consumes 2 bytes)
 *
 * Copies the \c MonoString pointed to by \p src as a utf16 string into
 * \p dst, it copies at most \p size gunichar2s into the destination (including
 * a terminating 16-bit zero terminator).
 */
void
mono_string_to_byvalwstr_impl (gunichar2 *dst, MonoStringHandle src, int size, MonoError *error)
{
        g_assert (dst);
        g_assert (size > 0);

        if (!MONO_HANDLE_BOOL (src)) {
                memset (dst, 0, size * sizeof (gunichar2));
                return;
        }

        gchandle_t gchandle = 0;
        int len = MIN (size, mono_string_handle_length (src));
        memcpy (dst, mono_string_handle_pin_chars (src, &gchandle), len * sizeof (gunichar2));
        mono_gchandle_free_internal (gchandle);
        len -= (size <= mono_string_handle_length (src));
        dst [len] = 0;
}

/* this is an icall, it sets the pending exception and returns NULL on error */
MonoStringHandle
mono_string_new_len_wrapper_impl (const char *text, guint length, MonoError *error)
{
        MonoString *s = mono_string_new_len_checked (mono_domain_get (), text, length, error);
        return_val_if_nok (error, NULL_HANDLE_STRING);
        return MONO_HANDLE_NEW (MonoString, s);
}

guint
mono_type_to_ldind (MonoType *type)
{
        if (type->byref)
                return CEE_LDIND_I;

handle_enum:
        switch (type->type) {
        case MONO_TYPE_I1:
                return CEE_LDIND_I1;
        case MONO_TYPE_U1:
        case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
                return CEE_LDIND_U1;
        case MONO_TYPE_I2:
                return CEE_LDIND_I2;
        case MONO_TYPE_U2:
        case MONO_TYPE_CHAR:
                return CEE_LDIND_U2;
        case MONO_TYPE_I4:
                return CEE_LDIND_I4;
        case MONO_TYPE_U4:
                return CEE_LDIND_U4;
        case MONO_TYPE_I:
        case MONO_TYPE_U:
        case MONO_TYPE_PTR:
        case MONO_TYPE_FNPTR:
                return CEE_LDIND_I;
        case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
        case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
        case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
        case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY:
        case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:    
                return CEE_LDIND_REF;
        case MONO_TYPE_I8:
        case MONO_TYPE_U8:
                return CEE_LDIND_I8;
        case MONO_TYPE_R4:
                return CEE_LDIND_R4;
        case MONO_TYPE_R8:
                return CEE_LDIND_R8;
        case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE:
                if (m_class_is_enumtype (type->data.klass)) {
                        type = mono_class_enum_basetype_internal (type->data.klass);
                        goto handle_enum;
                }
                return CEE_LDOBJ;
        case MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF:
                return CEE_LDOBJ;
        case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST:
                type = m_class_get_byval_arg (type->data.generic_class->container_class);
                goto handle_enum;
        default:
                g_error ("unknown type 0x%02x in type_to_ldind", type->type);
        }
        return -1;
}

guint
mono_type_to_stind (MonoType *type)
{
        if (type->byref)
                return MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (type) ? CEE_STIND_REF : CEE_STIND_I;

handle_enum:
        switch (type->type) {
        case MONO_TYPE_I1:
        case MONO_TYPE_U1:
        case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
                return CEE_STIND_I1;
        case MONO_TYPE_I2:
        case MONO_TYPE_U2:
        case MONO_TYPE_CHAR:
                return CEE_STIND_I2;
        case MONO_TYPE_I4:
        case MONO_TYPE_U4:
                return CEE_STIND_I4;
        case MONO_TYPE_I:
        case MONO_TYPE_U:
        case MONO_TYPE_PTR:
        case MONO_TYPE_FNPTR:
                return CEE_STIND_I;
        case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
        case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
        case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
        case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY:
        case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:    
                return CEE_STIND_REF;
        case MONO_TYPE_I8:
        case MONO_TYPE_U8:
                return CEE_STIND_I8;
        case MONO_TYPE_R4:
                return CEE_STIND_R4;
        case MONO_TYPE_R8:
                return CEE_STIND_R8;
        case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE:
                if (m_class_is_enumtype (type->data.klass)) {
                        type = mono_class_enum_basetype_internal (type->data.klass);
                        goto handle_enum;
                }
                return CEE_STOBJ;
        case MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF:
                return CEE_STOBJ;
        case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST:
                type = m_class_get_byval_arg (type->data.generic_class->container_class);
                goto handle_enum;
        default:
                g_error ("unknown type 0x%02x in type_to_stind", type->type);
        }
        return -1;
}

/* This is a JIT icall, it sets the pending exception and returns NULL on error. */
MonoAsyncResult *
mono_delegate_begin_invoke (MonoDelegate *delegate, gpointer *params)
{
        ERROR_DECL (error);
        MonoMulticastDelegate *mcast_delegate;
        MonoClass *klass;
        MonoMethod *method;

        g_assert (delegate);
        mcast_delegate = (MonoMulticastDelegate *) delegate;
        if (mcast_delegate->delegates != NULL) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, NULL, "The delegate must have only one target");
                mono_error_set_pending_exception (error);
                return NULL;
        }

#ifndef DISABLE_REMOTING
        if (delegate->target && mono_object_is_transparent_proxy (delegate->target)) {
                MonoTransparentProxy* tp = (MonoTransparentProxy *)delegate->target;
                if (!mono_class_is_contextbound (tp->remote_class->proxy_class) || tp->rp->context != (MonoObject *) mono_context_get ()) {
                        /* If the target is a proxy, make a direct call. Is proxy's work
                        // to make the call asynchronous.
                        */
                        MonoMethodMessage *msg;
                        MonoDelegate *async_callback;
                        MonoObject *state;
                        MonoAsyncResult *ares;
                        MonoObject *exc;
                        MonoArray *out_args;
                        method = delegate->method;

                        msg = mono_method_call_message_new (mono_marshal_method_from_wrapper (method), params, NULL, &async_callback, &state, error);
                        if (mono_error_set_pending_exception (error))
                                return NULL;
                        ares = mono_async_result_new (mono_domain_get (), NULL, state, NULL, NULL, error);
                        if (mono_error_set_pending_exception (error))
                                return NULL;
                        MONO_OBJECT_SETREF_INTERNAL (ares, async_delegate, (MonoObject *)delegate);
                        MONO_OBJECT_SETREF_INTERNAL (ares, async_callback, (MonoObject *)async_callback);
                        MONO_OBJECT_SETREF_INTERNAL (msg, async_result, ares);
                        msg->call_type = CallType_BeginInvoke;

                        exc = NULL;
                        mono_remoting_invoke ((MonoObject *)tp->rp, msg, &exc, &out_args, error);
                        if (!mono_error_ok (error)) {
                                mono_error_set_pending_exception (error);
                                return NULL;
                        }
                        if (exc)
                                mono_set_pending_exception ((MonoException *) exc);
                        return ares;
                }
        }
#endif

        klass = delegate->object.vtable->klass;

        ERROR_DECL (begin_invoke_error);
        method = mono_get_delegate_begin_invoke_checked (klass, begin_invoke_error);
        mono_error_cleanup (begin_invoke_error); /* if we can't call BeginInvoke, fall back on Invoke */
        if (!method)
                method = mono_get_delegate_invoke_internal (klass);
        g_assert (method);

        MonoAsyncResult *result = mono_threadpool_begin_invoke (mono_domain_get (), (MonoObject*) delegate, method, params, error);
        mono_error_set_pending_exception (error);
        return result;
}

static char*
mono_signature_to_name (MonoMethodSignature *sig, const char *prefix)
{
        GString *res = g_string_new ("");

        if (prefix) {
                g_string_append (res, prefix);
                g_string_append_c (res, '_');
        }

        mono_type_get_desc (res, sig->ret, FALSE);

        if (sig->hasthis)
                g_string_append (res, "__this__");

        for (int i = 0; i < sig->param_count; ++i) {
                g_string_append_c (res, '_');
                mono_type_get_desc (res, sig->params [i], FALSE);
        }
        char *result = res->str;
        g_string_free (res, FALSE);
        return result;
}

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_string_encoding:
 *
 *  Return the string encoding which should be used for a given parameter.
 */
MonoMarshalNative
mono_marshal_get_string_encoding (MonoMethodPInvoke *piinfo, MonoMarshalSpec *spec)
{
        /* First try the parameter marshal info */
        if (spec) {
                if (spec->native == MONO_NATIVE_LPARRAY) {
                        if ((spec->data.array_data.elem_type != 0) && (spec->data.array_data.elem_type != MONO_NATIVE_MAX))
                                return spec->data.array_data.elem_type;
                }
                else
                        return spec->native;
        }

        if (!piinfo)
                return MONO_NATIVE_LPSTR;

        /* Then try the method level marshal info */
        switch (piinfo->piflags & PINVOKE_ATTRIBUTE_CHAR_SET_MASK) {
        case PINVOKE_ATTRIBUTE_CHAR_SET_ANSI:
                return MONO_NATIVE_LPSTR;
        case PINVOKE_ATTRIBUTE_CHAR_SET_UNICODE:
                return MONO_NATIVE_LPWSTR;
        case PINVOKE_ATTRIBUTE_CHAR_SET_AUTO:
#ifdef TARGET_WIN32
                return MONO_NATIVE_LPWSTR;
#else
                return MONO_NATIVE_LPSTR;
#endif
        default:
                return MONO_NATIVE_LPSTR;
        }
}

MonoMarshalConv
mono_marshal_get_string_to_ptr_conv (MonoMethodPInvoke *piinfo, MonoMarshalSpec *spec)
{
        MonoMarshalNative encoding = mono_marshal_get_string_encoding (piinfo, spec);

        switch (encoding) {
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPWSTR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_STR_LPWSTR;
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPSTR:
        case MONO_NATIVE_VBBYREFSTR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_STR_LPSTR;
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPTSTR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_STR_LPTSTR;
        case MONO_NATIVE_BSTR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_STR_BSTR;
        case MONO_NATIVE_UTF8STR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_STR_UTF8STR;
        default:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_INVALID;
        }
}

MonoMarshalConv
mono_marshal_get_stringbuilder_to_ptr_conv (MonoMethodPInvoke *piinfo, MonoMarshalSpec *spec)
{
        MonoMarshalNative encoding = mono_marshal_get_string_encoding (piinfo, spec);

        switch (encoding) {
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPWSTR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_SB_LPWSTR;
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPSTR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_SB_LPSTR;
        case MONO_NATIVE_UTF8STR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_SB_UTF8STR;
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPTSTR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_SB_LPTSTR;
        default:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_INVALID;
        }
}

MonoMarshalConv
mono_marshal_get_ptr_to_string_conv (MonoMethodPInvoke *piinfo, MonoMarshalSpec *spec, gboolean *need_free)
{
        MonoMarshalNative encoding = mono_marshal_get_string_encoding (piinfo, spec);

        *need_free = TRUE;

        switch (encoding) {
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPWSTR:
                *need_free = FALSE;
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_LPWSTR_STR;
        case MONO_NATIVE_UTF8STR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_UTF8STR_STR;
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPSTR:
        case MONO_NATIVE_VBBYREFSTR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_LPSTR_STR;
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPTSTR:
#ifdef TARGET_WIN32
                *need_free = FALSE;
#endif
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_LPTSTR_STR;
        case MONO_NATIVE_BSTR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_BSTR_STR;
        default:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_INVALID;
        }
}

MonoMarshalConv
mono_marshal_get_ptr_to_stringbuilder_conv (MonoMethodPInvoke *piinfo, MonoMarshalSpec *spec, gboolean *need_free)
{
        MonoMarshalNative encoding = mono_marshal_get_string_encoding (piinfo, spec);

        *need_free = TRUE;

        switch (encoding) {
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPWSTR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_LPWSTR_SB;
        case MONO_NATIVE_UTF8STR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_UTF8STR_SB;
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPSTR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_LPSTR_SB;
                break;
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPTSTR:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_LPTSTR_SB;
                break;
        default:
                return MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_INVALID;
        }
}

/*
 * Return whenever a field of a native structure or an array member needs to 
 * be freed.
 */
gboolean
mono_marshal_need_free (MonoType *t, MonoMethodPInvoke *piinfo, MonoMarshalSpec *spec)
{
        MonoMarshalNative encoding;

        switch (t->type) {
        case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE:
                /* FIXME: Optimize this */
                return TRUE;
        case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
        case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
                if (t->data.klass == mono_class_try_get_stringbuilder_class ()) {
                        gboolean need_free;
                        mono_marshal_get_ptr_to_stringbuilder_conv (piinfo, spec, &need_free);
                        return need_free;
                }
                return FALSE;
        case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
                encoding = mono_marshal_get_string_encoding (piinfo, spec);
                return (encoding == MONO_NATIVE_LPWSTR) ? FALSE : TRUE;
        default:
                return FALSE;
        }
}

/*
 * Return the hash table pointed to by VAR, lazily creating it if neccesary.
 */
static GHashTable*
get_cache (GHashTable **var, GHashFunc hash_func, GCompareFunc equal_func)
{
        if (!(*var)) {
                mono_marshal_lock ();
                if (!(*var)) {
                        GHashTable *cache = 
                                g_hash_table_new (hash_func, equal_func);
                        mono_memory_barrier ();
                        *var = cache;
                }
                mono_marshal_unlock ();
        }
        return *var;
}

GHashTable*
mono_marshal_get_cache (GHashTable **var, GHashFunc hash_func, GCompareFunc equal_func)
{
        return get_cache (var, hash_func, equal_func);
}

MonoMethod*
mono_marshal_find_in_cache (GHashTable *cache, gpointer key)
{
        MonoMethod *res;

        mono_marshal_lock ();
        res = (MonoMethod *)g_hash_table_lookup (cache, key);
        mono_marshal_unlock ();
        return res;
}

/*
 * mono_mb_create:
 *
 *   Create a MonoMethod from MB, set INFO as wrapper info.
 */
MonoMethod*
mono_mb_create (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethodSignature *sig,
                                int max_stack, WrapperInfo *info)
{
        MonoMethod *res;

        res = mono_mb_create_method (mb, sig, max_stack);
        if (info)
                mono_marshal_set_wrapper_info (res, info);
        return res;
}

/* Create the method from the builder and place it in the cache */
MonoMethod*
mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (GHashTable *cache, gpointer key,
                                                           MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethodSignature *sig,
                                                           int max_stack, WrapperInfo *info, gboolean *out_found)
{
        MonoMethod *res;

        if (out_found)
                *out_found = FALSE;

        mono_marshal_lock ();
        res = (MonoMethod *)g_hash_table_lookup (cache, key);
        mono_marshal_unlock ();
        if (!res) {
                MonoMethod *newm;
                newm = mono_mb_create_method (mb, sig, max_stack);
                mono_marshal_lock ();
                res = (MonoMethod *)g_hash_table_lookup (cache, key);
                if (!res) {
                        res = newm;
                        g_hash_table_insert (cache, key, res);
                        mono_marshal_set_wrapper_info (res, info);
                        mono_marshal_unlock ();
                } else {
                        if (out_found)
                                *out_found = TRUE;
                        mono_marshal_unlock ();
                        mono_free_method (newm);
                }
        }

        return res;
}               

MonoMethod*
mono_mb_create_and_cache (GHashTable *cache, gpointer key,
                                                           MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethodSignature *sig,
                                                           int max_stack)
{
        return mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, key, mb, sig, max_stack, NULL, NULL);
}

/**
 * mono_marshal_method_from_wrapper:
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_method_from_wrapper (MonoMethod *wrapper)
{
        MonoMethod *m;
        int wrapper_type = wrapper->wrapper_type;
        WrapperInfo *info;

        if (wrapper_type == MONO_WRAPPER_NONE || wrapper_type == MONO_WRAPPER_DYNAMIC_METHOD)
                return wrapper;

        info = mono_marshal_get_wrapper_info (wrapper);

        switch (wrapper_type) {
        case MONO_WRAPPER_REMOTING_INVOKE:
        case MONO_WRAPPER_REMOTING_INVOKE_WITH_CHECK:
        case MONO_WRAPPER_XDOMAIN_INVOKE:
                m = info->d.remoting.method;
                if (wrapper->is_inflated) {
                        ERROR_DECL (error);
                        MonoMethod *result;
                        /*
                         * A method cannot be inflated and a wrapper at the same time, so the wrapper info
                         * contains an uninflated method.
                         */
                        result = mono_class_inflate_generic_method_checked (m, mono_method_get_context (wrapper), error);
                        g_assert (mono_error_ok (error)); /* FIXME don't swallow the error */
                        return result;
                }
                return m;
        case MONO_WRAPPER_SYNCHRONIZED:
                m = info->d.synchronized.method;
                if (wrapper->is_inflated) {
                        ERROR_DECL (error);
                        MonoMethod *result;
                        result = mono_class_inflate_generic_method_checked (m, mono_method_get_context (wrapper), error);
                        g_assert (mono_error_ok (error)); /* FIXME don't swallow the error */
                        return result;
                }
                return m;
        case MONO_WRAPPER_UNBOX:
                return info->d.unbox.method;
        case MONO_WRAPPER_MANAGED_TO_NATIVE:
                if (info && (info->subtype == WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_NONE || info->subtype == WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_NATIVE_FUNC_AOT || info->subtype == WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_PINVOKE))
                        return info->d.managed_to_native.method;
                else
                        return NULL;
        case MONO_WRAPPER_RUNTIME_INVOKE:
                if (info && (info->subtype == WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_RUNTIME_INVOKE_DIRECT || info->subtype == WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_RUNTIME_INVOKE_VIRTUAL))
                        return info->d.runtime_invoke.method;
                else
                        return NULL;
        case MONO_WRAPPER_DELEGATE_INVOKE:
                if (info)
                        return info->d.delegate_invoke.method;
                else
                        return NULL;
        default:
                return NULL;
        }
}

/*
 * mono_marshal_get_wrapper_info:
 *
 *   Retrieve the WrapperInfo structure associated with WRAPPER.
 */
WrapperInfo*
mono_marshal_get_wrapper_info (MonoMethod *wrapper)
{
        g_assert (wrapper->wrapper_type);

        return (WrapperInfo *)mono_method_get_wrapper_data (wrapper, 1);
}

/*
 * mono_marshal_set_wrapper_info:
 *
 *   Set the WrapperInfo structure associated with the wrapper
 * method METHOD to INFO.
 */
void
mono_marshal_set_wrapper_info (MonoMethod *method, WrapperInfo *info)
{
        void **datav;
        /* assert */
        if (method->wrapper_type == MONO_WRAPPER_NONE || method->wrapper_type == MONO_WRAPPER_DYNAMIC_METHOD)
                return;

        datav = (void **)((MonoMethodWrapper *)method)->method_data;
        datav [1] = info;
}

WrapperInfo*
mono_wrapper_info_create (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, WrapperSubtype subtype)
{
        WrapperInfo *info;

        info = (WrapperInfo *)mono_image_alloc0 (get_method_image (mb->method), sizeof (WrapperInfo));
        info->subtype = subtype;
        return info;
}

/*
 * get_wrapper_target_class:
 *
 *   Return the class where a wrapper method should be placed.
 */
static MonoClass*
get_wrapper_target_class (MonoImage *image)
{
        ERROR_DECL (error);
        MonoClass *klass;

        /*
         * Notes:
         * - can't put all wrappers into an mscorlib class, because they reference
         *   metadata (signature) so they should be put into the same image as the 
         *   method they wrap, so they are unloaded together.
         * - putting them into a class with a type initalizer could cause the 
         *   initializer to be executed which can be a problem if the wrappers are 
         *   shared.
         * - putting them into an inflated class can cause problems if the the 
         *   class is deleted because it references an image which is unloaded.
         * To avoid these problems, we put the wrappers into the <Module> class of 
         * the image.
         */
        if (image_is_dynamic (image)) {
                klass = ((MonoDynamicImage*)image)->wrappers_type;
        } else {
                klass = mono_class_get_checked (image, mono_metadata_make_token (MONO_TABLE_TYPEDEF, 1), error);
                g_assert (mono_error_ok (error)); /* FIXME don't swallow the error */
        }
        g_assert (klass);

        return klass;
}

/*
 * Wrappers for generic methods should be instances of generic wrapper methods, i.e .the wrapper for Sort<int> should be
 * an instance of the wrapper for Sort<T>. This is required for full-aot to work.
 */

/*
 * check_generic_wrapper_cache:
 *
 *   Check CACHE for the wrapper of the generic instance ORIG_METHOD, and return it if it is found.
 * KEY should be the key for ORIG_METHOD in the cache, while DEF_KEY should be the key of its
 * generic method definition.
 */
static MonoMethod*
check_generic_wrapper_cache (GHashTable *cache, MonoMethod *orig_method, gpointer key, gpointer def_key)
{
        MonoMethod *res;
        MonoMethod *inst, *def;
        MonoGenericContext *ctx;

        g_assert (orig_method->is_inflated);
        ctx = mono_method_get_context (orig_method);

        /*
         * Look for the instance
         */
        res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, key);
        if (res)
                return res;

        /*
         * Look for the definition
         */
        def = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, def_key);
        if (def) {
                ERROR_DECL (error);
                inst = mono_class_inflate_generic_method_checked (def, ctx, error);
                g_assert (mono_error_ok (error)); /* FIXME don't swallow the error */
                /* Cache it */
                mono_memory_barrier ();
                mono_marshal_lock ();
                res = (MonoMethod *)g_hash_table_lookup (cache, key);
                if (!res) {
                        g_hash_table_insert (cache, key, inst);
                        res = inst;
                }
                mono_marshal_unlock ();
                return res;
        }
        return NULL;
}

static MonoMethod*
cache_generic_wrapper (GHashTable *cache, MonoMethod *orig_method, MonoMethod *def, MonoGenericContext *ctx, gpointer key)
{
        ERROR_DECL (error);
        MonoMethod *inst, *res;

        /*
         * We use the same cache for the generic definition and the instances.
         */
        inst = mono_class_inflate_generic_method_checked (def, ctx, error);
        g_assert (mono_error_ok (error)); /* FIXME don't swallow the error */
        mono_memory_barrier ();
        mono_marshal_lock ();
        res = (MonoMethod *)g_hash_table_lookup (cache, key);
        if (!res) {
                g_hash_table_insert (cache, key, inst);
                res = inst;
        }
        mono_marshal_unlock ();
        return res;
}

static MonoMethod*
check_generic_delegate_wrapper_cache (GHashTable *cache, MonoMethod *orig_method, MonoMethod *def_method, MonoGenericContext *ctx)
{
        ERROR_DECL (error);
        MonoMethod *res;
        MonoMethod *inst, *def;

        /*
         * Look for the instance
         */
        res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, orig_method->klass);
        if (res)
                return res;

        /*
         * Look for the definition
         */
        def = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, def_method->klass);
        if (def) {
                inst = mono_class_inflate_generic_method_checked (def, ctx, error);
                g_assert (mono_error_ok (error)); /* FIXME don't swallow the error */

                /* Cache it */
                mono_memory_barrier ();
                mono_marshal_lock ();
                res = (MonoMethod *)g_hash_table_lookup (cache, orig_method->klass);
                if (!res) {
                        g_hash_table_insert (cache, orig_method->klass, inst);
                        res = inst;
                }
                mono_marshal_unlock ();
                return res;
        }
        return NULL;
}

static MonoMethod*
cache_generic_delegate_wrapper (GHashTable *cache, MonoMethod *orig_method, MonoMethod *def, MonoGenericContext *ctx)
{
        ERROR_DECL (error);
        MonoMethod *inst, *res;
        WrapperInfo *ginfo, *info;

        /*
         * We use the same cache for the generic definition and the instances.
         */
        inst = mono_class_inflate_generic_method_checked (def, ctx, error);
        g_assert (mono_error_ok (error)); /* FIXME don't swallow the error */

        ginfo = mono_marshal_get_wrapper_info (def);
        if (ginfo) {
                info = (WrapperInfo *)mono_image_alloc0 (m_class_get_image (def->klass), sizeof (WrapperInfo));
                info->subtype = ginfo->subtype;
                if (info->subtype == WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_NONE) {
                        info->d.delegate_invoke.method = mono_class_inflate_generic_method_checked (ginfo->d.delegate_invoke.method, ctx, error);
                        mono_error_assert_ok (error);
                }
        }

        mono_memory_barrier ();
        mono_marshal_lock ();
        res = (MonoMethod *)g_hash_table_lookup (cache, orig_method->klass);
        if (!res) {
                g_hash_table_insert (cache, orig_method->klass, inst);
                res = inst;
        }
        mono_marshal_unlock ();
        return res;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_delegate_begin_invoke_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethodSignature *sig)
{
}
#endif

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_delegate_begin_invoke:
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_delegate_begin_invoke (MonoMethod *method)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethod *res;
        GHashTable *cache;
        char *name;
        MonoGenericContext *ctx = NULL;
        MonoMethod *orig_method = NULL;

        g_assert (method && m_class_get_parent (method->klass) == mono_defaults.multicastdelegate_class &&
                  !strcmp (method->name, "BeginInvoke"));

        /*
         * For generic delegates, create a generic wrapper, and returns an instance to help AOT.
         */
        if (method->is_inflated) {
                orig_method = method;
                ctx = &((MonoMethodInflated*)method)->context;
                method = ((MonoMethodInflated*)method)->declaring;
        }

        sig = mono_signature_no_pinvoke (method);

        /*
         * Check cache
         */
        if (ctx) {
                cache = get_cache (&((MonoMethodInflated*)orig_method)->owner->wrapper_caches.delegate_begin_invoke_cache, mono_aligned_addr_hash, NULL);
                res = check_generic_delegate_wrapper_cache (cache, orig_method, method, ctx);
                if (res)
                        return res;
        } else {
                cache = get_cache (&get_method_image (method)->wrapper_caches.delegate_begin_invoke_cache,
                                                   (GHashFunc)mono_signature_hash, 
                                                   (GCompareFunc)mono_metadata_signature_equal);
                if ((res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, sig)))
                        return res;
        }

        g_assert (sig->hasthis);

        name = mono_signature_to_name (sig, "begin_invoke");
        if (ctx)
                mb = mono_mb_new (method->klass, name, MONO_WRAPPER_DELEGATE_BEGIN_INVOKE);
        else
                mb = mono_mb_new (get_wrapper_target_class (get_method_image (method)), name, MONO_WRAPPER_DELEGATE_BEGIN_INVOKE);
        g_free (name);

        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_delegate_begin_invoke (mb, sig);

        WrapperInfo *info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_NONE);
        info->d.delegate_invoke.method = method;

        if (ctx) {
                MonoMethod *def;
                def = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, method->klass, mb, sig, sig->param_count + 16, info, NULL);
                res = cache_generic_delegate_wrapper (cache, orig_method, def, ctx);
        } else {
                res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, sig, mb, sig, sig->param_count + 16, info, NULL);
        }

        mono_mb_free (mb);
        return res;
}

/* This is a JIT icall, it sets the pending exception and returns NULL on error. */
MonoObject *
mono_delegate_end_invoke (MonoDelegate *delegate, gpointer *params)
{
        ERROR_DECL (error);
        MonoDomain *domain = mono_domain_get ();
        MonoAsyncResult *ares;
        MonoMethod *method = NULL;
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        MonoMethodMessage *msg;
        MonoObject *res, *exc;
        MonoArray *out_args;
        MonoClass *klass;

        g_assert (delegate);

        if (!delegate->method_info) {
                g_assert (delegate->method);
                MonoReflectionMethod *rm = mono_method_get_object_checked (domain, delegate->method, NULL, error);
                if (!mono_error_ok (error)) {
                        mono_error_set_pending_exception (error);
                        return NULL;
                }
                MONO_OBJECT_SETREF_INTERNAL (delegate, method_info, rm);
        }

        if (!delegate->method_info || !delegate->method_info->method)
                g_assert_not_reached ();

        klass = delegate->object.vtable->klass;

        method = mono_get_delegate_end_invoke_checked (klass, error);
        mono_error_assert_ok (error);
        g_assert (method != NULL);

        sig = mono_signature_no_pinvoke (method);

        msg = mono_method_call_message_new (method, params, NULL, NULL, NULL, error);
        if (mono_error_set_pending_exception (error))
                return NULL;

        ares = (MonoAsyncResult *)mono_array_get_internal (msg->args, gpointer, sig->param_count - 1);
        if (ares == NULL) {
                mono_error_set_remoting (error, "The async result object is null or of an unexpected type.");
                mono_error_set_pending_exception (error);
                return NULL;
        }

        if (ares->async_delegate != (MonoObject*)delegate) {
                mono_error_set_invalid_operation (error,
                        "%s", "The IAsyncResult object provided does not match this delegate.");
                mono_error_set_pending_exception (error);
                return NULL;
        }

#ifndef DISABLE_REMOTING
        if (delegate->target && mono_object_is_transparent_proxy (delegate->target)) {
                MonoTransparentProxy* tp = (MonoTransparentProxy *)delegate->target;
                msg = (MonoMethodMessage *)mono_object_new_checked (domain, mono_defaults.mono_method_message_class, error);
                if (!mono_error_ok (error)) {
                        mono_error_set_pending_exception (error);
                        return NULL;
                }
                mono_message_init (domain, msg, delegate->method_info, NULL, error);
                if (mono_error_set_pending_exception (error))
                        return NULL;
                msg->call_type = CallType_EndInvoke;
                MONO_OBJECT_SETREF_INTERNAL (msg, async_result, ares);
                res = mono_remoting_invoke ((MonoObject *)tp->rp, msg, &exc, &out_args, error);
                if (!mono_error_ok (error)) {
                        mono_error_set_pending_exception (error);
                        return NULL;
                }
        } else
#endif
        {
                res = mono_threadpool_end_invoke (ares, &out_args, &exc, error);
                if (mono_error_set_pending_exception (error))
                        return NULL;
        }

        if (exc) {
                if (((MonoException*)exc)->stack_trace) {
                        ERROR_DECL (inner_error);
                        char *strace = mono_string_to_utf8_checked_internal (((MonoException*)exc)->stack_trace, inner_error);
                        if (is_ok (inner_error)) {
                                char  *tmp;
                                tmp = g_strdup_printf ("%s\nException Rethrown at:\n", strace);
                                g_free (strace);
                                MonoString *tmp_str = mono_string_new_checked (domain, tmp, inner_error);
                                g_free (tmp);
                                if (is_ok (inner_error))
                                        MONO_OBJECT_SETREF_INTERNAL (((MonoException*)exc), stack_trace, tmp_str);
                        };
                        if (!is_ok (inner_error))
                                mono_error_cleanup (inner_error); /* no stack trace, but at least throw the original exception */
                }
                mono_set_pending_exception ((MonoException*)exc);
        }

        mono_method_return_message_restore (method, params, out_args, error);
        mono_error_set_pending_exception (error);
        return res;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_delegate_end_invoke_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethodSignature *sig)
{
}
#endif

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_delegate_end_invoke:
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_delegate_end_invoke (MonoMethod *method)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethod *res;
        GHashTable *cache;
        char *name;
        MonoGenericContext *ctx = NULL;
        MonoMethod *orig_method = NULL;

        g_assert (method && m_class_get_parent (method->klass) == mono_defaults.multicastdelegate_class &&
                  !strcmp (method->name, "EndInvoke"));

        /*
         * For generic delegates, create a generic wrapper, and returns an instance to help AOT.
         */
        if (method->is_inflated) {
                orig_method = method;
                ctx = &((MonoMethodInflated*)method)->context;
                method = ((MonoMethodInflated*)method)->declaring;
        }

        sig = mono_signature_no_pinvoke (method);

        /*
         * Check cache
         */
        if (ctx) {
                cache = get_cache (&((MonoMethodInflated*)orig_method)->owner->wrapper_caches.delegate_end_invoke_cache, mono_aligned_addr_hash, NULL);
                res = check_generic_delegate_wrapper_cache (cache, orig_method, method, ctx);
                if (res)
                        return res;
        } else {
                cache = get_cache (&get_method_image (method)->wrapper_caches.delegate_end_invoke_cache,
                                                   (GHashFunc)mono_signature_hash, 
                                                   (GCompareFunc)mono_metadata_signature_equal);
                if ((res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, sig)))
                        return res;
        }

        g_assert (sig->hasthis);

        name = mono_signature_to_name (sig, "end_invoke");
        if (ctx)
                mb = mono_mb_new (method->klass, name, MONO_WRAPPER_DELEGATE_END_INVOKE);
        else
                mb = mono_mb_new (get_wrapper_target_class (get_method_image (method)), name, MONO_WRAPPER_DELEGATE_END_INVOKE);
        g_free (name);

        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_delegate_end_invoke (mb, sig);

        WrapperInfo *info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_NONE);
        info->d.delegate_invoke.method = method;

        if (ctx) {
                MonoMethod *def;
                def = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, method->klass, mb, sig, sig->param_count + 16, info, NULL);
                res = cache_generic_delegate_wrapper (cache, orig_method, def, ctx);
        } else {
                res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, sig,
                                                                                         mb, sig, sig->param_count + 16, info, NULL);
        }
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        return res;
}

typedef struct
{
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        gpointer pointer;
} SignaturePointerPair;

static guint
signature_pointer_pair_hash (gconstpointer data)
{
        SignaturePointerPair *pair = (SignaturePointerPair*)data;

        return mono_signature_hash (pair->sig) ^ mono_aligned_addr_hash (pair->pointer);
}

static gboolean
signature_pointer_pair_equal (gconstpointer data1, gconstpointer data2)
{
        SignaturePointerPair *pair1 = (SignaturePointerPair*) data1, *pair2 = (SignaturePointerPair*) data2;
        return mono_metadata_signature_equal (pair1->sig, pair2->sig) && (pair1->pointer == pair2->pointer);
}

static gboolean
signature_pointer_pair_matches_pointer (gpointer key, gpointer value, gpointer user_data)
{
        SignaturePointerPair *pair = (SignaturePointerPair*)key;

        return pair->pointer == user_data;
}

static void
free_signature_pointer_pair (SignaturePointerPair *pair)
{
        g_free (pair);
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
mb_skip_visibility_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb)
{
}

static void
mb_set_dynamic_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb)
{
}

static void
mb_emit_exception_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, const char *exc_nspace, const char *exc_name, const char *msg)
{
}

static void
mb_emit_exception_for_error_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, const MonoError *error)
{
}

static void
emit_delegate_invoke_internal_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethodSignature *sig, MonoMethodSignature *invoke_sig, gboolean static_method_with_first_arg_bound, gboolean callvirt, gboolean closed_over_null, MonoMethod *method, MonoMethod *target_method, MonoClass *target_class, MonoGenericContext *ctx, MonoGenericContainer *container)
{
}
#endif

MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_delegate_invoke_internal (MonoMethod *method, gboolean callvirt, gboolean static_method_with_first_arg_bound, MonoMethod *target_method)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *sig, *invoke_sig;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethod *res;
        GHashTable *cache;
        gpointer cache_key = NULL;
        SignaturePointerPair key = { NULL, NULL };
        SignaturePointerPair *new_key;
        char *name;
        MonoClass *target_class = NULL;
        gboolean closed_over_null = FALSE;
        MonoGenericContext *ctx = NULL;
        MonoGenericContainer *container = NULL;
        MonoMethod *orig_method = method;
        WrapperInfo *info;
        WrapperSubtype subtype = WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_NONE;
        gboolean found;

        g_assert (method && m_class_get_parent (method->klass) == mono_defaults.multicastdelegate_class &&
                  !strcmp (method->name, "Invoke"));

        invoke_sig = sig = mono_signature_no_pinvoke (method);

        /*
         * If the delegate target is null, and the target method is not static, a virtual 
         * call is made to that method with the first delegate argument as this. This is 
         * a non-documented .NET feature.
         */
        if (callvirt) {
                subtype = WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_DELEGATE_INVOKE_VIRTUAL;
                if (target_method->is_inflated) {
                        ERROR_DECL (error);
                        MonoType *target_type;

                        g_assert (method->signature->hasthis);
                        target_type = mono_class_inflate_generic_type_checked (method->signature->params [0],
                                mono_method_get_context (method), error);
                        mono_error_assert_ok (error); /* FIXME don't swallow the error */
                        target_class = mono_class_from_mono_type_internal (target_type);
                } else {
                        target_class = target_method->klass;
                }

                closed_over_null = sig->param_count == mono_method_signature_internal (target_method)->param_count;
        }

        if (static_method_with_first_arg_bound) {
                subtype = WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_DELEGATE_INVOKE_BOUND;
                g_assert (!callvirt);
                invoke_sig = mono_method_signature_internal (target_method);
                /*
                 * The wrapper has a different lifetime from the method to be invoked.
                 * If the method is dynamic we don't want to be using its signature
                 * in the wrapper since it could get freed early.
                 */
                if (method_is_dynamic (target_method))
                        invoke_sig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (get_method_image (target_method), invoke_sig);
        }

        /*
         * For generic delegates, create a generic wrapper, and return an instance to help AOT.
         */
        if (method->is_inflated && subtype == WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_NONE) {
                ctx = &((MonoMethodInflated*)method)->context;
                method = ((MonoMethodInflated*)method)->declaring;

                container = mono_method_get_generic_container (method);
                if (!container)
                        container = mono_class_try_get_generic_container (method->klass); //FIXME is this a case of a try?
                g_assert (container);

                invoke_sig = sig = mono_signature_no_pinvoke (method);
        }

        /*
         * Check cache
         */
        if (ctx) {
                cache = get_cache (&((MonoMethodInflated*)orig_method)->owner->wrapper_caches.delegate_invoke_cache, mono_aligned_addr_hash, NULL);
                res = check_generic_delegate_wrapper_cache (cache, orig_method, method, ctx);
                if (res)
                        return res;
                cache_key = method->klass;
        } else if (static_method_with_first_arg_bound) {
                cache = get_cache (&get_method_image (target_method)->delegate_bound_static_invoke_cache,
                                                   (GHashFunc)mono_signature_hash, 
                                                   (GCompareFunc)mono_metadata_signature_equal);
                /*
                 * The wrapper is based on sig+invoke_sig, but sig can be derived from invoke_sig.
                 */
                res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, invoke_sig);
                if (res)
                        return res;
                cache_key = invoke_sig;
        } else if (callvirt) {
                GHashTable **cache_ptr;

                cache_ptr = &mono_method_get_wrapper_cache (method)->delegate_abstract_invoke_cache;

                /* We need to cache the signature+method pair */
                mono_marshal_lock ();
                if (!*cache_ptr)
                        *cache_ptr = g_hash_table_new_full (signature_pointer_pair_hash, (GEqualFunc)signature_pointer_pair_equal, (GDestroyNotify)free_signature_pointer_pair, NULL);
                cache = *cache_ptr;
                key.sig = invoke_sig;
                key.pointer = target_method;
                res = (MonoMethod *)g_hash_table_lookup (cache, &key);
                mono_marshal_unlock ();
                if (res)
                        return res;
        } else {
                // Inflated methods should not be in this cache because it's not stored on the imageset.
                g_assert (!method->is_inflated);
                cache = get_cache (&get_method_image (method)->wrapper_caches.delegate_invoke_cache,
                                                   (GHashFunc)mono_signature_hash, 
                                                   (GCompareFunc)mono_metadata_signature_equal);
                res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, sig);
                if (res)
                        return res;
                cache_key = sig;
        }

        if (!static_method_with_first_arg_bound) {
                invoke_sig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (get_method_image (method), sig);
                invoke_sig->hasthis = 0;
        }

        if (static_method_with_first_arg_bound)
                name = mono_signature_to_name (invoke_sig, "invoke_bound");
        else if (closed_over_null)
                name = mono_signature_to_name (invoke_sig, "invoke_closed_over_null");
        else if (callvirt)
                name = mono_signature_to_name (invoke_sig, "invoke_callvirt");
        else
                name = mono_signature_to_name (invoke_sig, "invoke");
        if (ctx)
                mb = mono_mb_new (method->klass, name, MONO_WRAPPER_DELEGATE_INVOKE);
        else
                mb = mono_mb_new (get_wrapper_target_class (get_method_image (method)), name, MONO_WRAPPER_DELEGATE_INVOKE);
        g_free (name);

        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_delegate_invoke_internal (mb, sig, invoke_sig, static_method_with_first_arg_bound, callvirt, closed_over_null, method, target_method, target_class, ctx, container);

        get_marshal_cb ()->mb_skip_visibility (mb);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, subtype);
        info->d.delegate_invoke.method = method;

        if (ctx) {
                MonoMethod *def;

                def = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, cache_key, mb, sig, sig->param_count + 16, info, NULL);
                res = cache_generic_delegate_wrapper (cache, orig_method, def, ctx);
        } else if (callvirt) {
                new_key = g_new0 (SignaturePointerPair, 1);
                *new_key = key;

                res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, new_key, mb, sig, sig->param_count + 16, info, &found);
                if (found)
                        g_free (new_key);
        } else {
                res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, cache_key, mb, sig, sig->param_count + 16, info, NULL);
        }
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        /* mono_method_print_code (res); */

        return res;     
}

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_delegate_invoke:
 * The returned method invokes all methods in a multicast delegate.
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_delegate_invoke (MonoMethod *method, MonoDelegate *del)
{
        gboolean callvirt = FALSE;
        gboolean static_method_with_first_arg_bound = FALSE;
        MonoMethod *target_method = NULL;
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;

        sig = mono_signature_no_pinvoke (method);

        if (del && !del->target && del->method && mono_method_signature_internal (del->method)->hasthis) {
                callvirt = TRUE;
                target_method = del->method;
        }

        if (del && del->method && mono_method_signature_internal (del->method)->param_count == sig->param_count + 1 && (del->method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC)) {
                static_method_with_first_arg_bound = TRUE;
                target_method = del->method;
        }

        return mono_marshal_get_delegate_invoke_internal (method, callvirt, static_method_with_first_arg_bound, target_method);
}

typedef struct {
        MonoMethodSignature *ctor_sig;
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
} CtorSigPair;

/* protected by the marshal lock, contains CtorSigPair pointers */
static GSList *strsig_list = NULL;

static MonoMethodSignature *
lookup_string_ctor_signature (MonoMethodSignature *sig)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *callsig;
        CtorSigPair *cs;
        GSList *item;

        mono_marshal_lock ();
        callsig = NULL;
        for (item = strsig_list; item; item = item->next) {
                cs = (CtorSigPair *)item->data;
                /* mono_metadata_signature_equal () is safe to call with the marshal lock
                 * because it is lock-free.
                 */
                if (mono_metadata_signature_equal (sig, cs->ctor_sig)) {
                        callsig = cs->sig;
                        break;
                }
        }
        mono_marshal_unlock ();
        return callsig;
}

static MonoMethodSignature *
add_string_ctor_signature (MonoMethod *method)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *callsig;
        CtorSigPair *cs;

        callsig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (get_method_image (method), mono_method_signature_internal (method));
        callsig->ret = m_class_get_byval_arg (mono_defaults.string_class);
        cs = g_new (CtorSigPair, 1);
        cs->sig = callsig;
        cs->ctor_sig = mono_method_signature_internal (method);

        mono_marshal_lock ();
        strsig_list = g_slist_prepend (strsig_list, cs);
        mono_marshal_unlock ();
        return callsig;
}

/*
 * mono_marshal_get_string_ctor_signature:
 *
 *   Return the modified signature used by string ctors (they return the newly created
 * string).
 */
MonoMethodSignature*
mono_marshal_get_string_ctor_signature (MonoMethod *method)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *sig = lookup_string_ctor_signature (mono_method_signature_internal (method));
        if (!sig)
                sig = add_string_ctor_signature (method);

        return sig;
}

static MonoType*
get_runtime_invoke_type (MonoType *t, gboolean ret)
{
        if (t->byref) {
                if (t->type == MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST && mono_class_is_nullable (mono_class_from_mono_type_internal (t)))
                        return t;

                /* The result needs loaded indirectly */
                if (ret)
                        return t;

                /* Can't share this with 'I' as that needs another indirection */
                return m_class_get_this_arg (mono_defaults.int_class);
        }

        if (MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (t))
                return mono_get_object_type ();

        if (ret)
                /* The result needs to be boxed */
                return t;

handle_enum:
        switch (t->type) {
                /* Can't share these as the argument needs to be loaded using sign/zero extension */
                /*
        case MONO_TYPE_U1:
                return m_class_get_byval_arg (mono_defaults.sbyte_class);
        case MONO_TYPE_U2:
                return m_class_get_byval_arg (mono_defaults.int16_class);
        case MONO_TYPE_U4:
                return mono_get_int32_type ();
                */
        case MONO_TYPE_U8:
                return m_class_get_byval_arg (mono_defaults.int64_class);
        case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
                return m_class_get_byval_arg (mono_defaults.byte_class);
        case MONO_TYPE_CHAR:
                return m_class_get_byval_arg (mono_defaults.uint16_class);
        case MONO_TYPE_U:
                return mono_get_int_type ();
        case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE:
                if (m_class_is_enumtype (t->data.klass)) {
                        t = mono_class_enum_basetype_internal (t->data.klass);
                        goto handle_enum;
                }
                return t;
        default:
                return t;
        }
}

/*
 * mono_marshal_get_runtime_invoke_sig:
 *
 *   Return a common signature used for sharing runtime invoke wrappers.
 */
static MonoMethodSignature*
mono_marshal_get_runtime_invoke_sig (MonoMethodSignature *sig)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *res = mono_metadata_signature_dup (sig);
        int i;

        res->generic_param_count = 0;
        res->ret = get_runtime_invoke_type (sig->ret, TRUE);
        for (i = 0; i < res->param_count; ++i)
                res->params [i] = get_runtime_invoke_type (sig->params [i], FALSE);

        return res;
}

static gboolean
runtime_invoke_signature_equal (MonoMethodSignature *sig1, MonoMethodSignature *sig2)
{
        /* Can't share wrappers which return a vtype since it needs to be boxed */
        if (sig1->ret != sig2->ret && !(MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (sig1->ret) && MONO_TYPE_IS_REFERENCE (sig2->ret)) && !mono_metadata_type_equal (sig1->ret, sig2->ret))
                return FALSE;
        else
                return mono_metadata_signature_equal (sig1, sig2);
}

struct _MonoWrapperMethodCacheKey {
        MonoMethod *method;
        gboolean virtual_;
        gboolean need_direct_wrapper;
};

struct _MonoWrapperSignatureCacheKey {
        MonoMethodSignature *signature;
        gboolean valuetype;
};

typedef struct _MonoWrapperMethodCacheKey MonoWrapperMethodCacheKey;
typedef struct _MonoWrapperSignatureCacheKey MonoWrapperSignatureCacheKey;

static guint
wrapper_cache_method_key_hash (MonoWrapperMethodCacheKey *key)
{
        return mono_aligned_addr_hash (key->method) ^ (((!!key->virtual_) << 17) | ((!!key->need_direct_wrapper) << 19) * 17);
}

static guint
wrapper_cache_signature_key_hash (MonoWrapperSignatureCacheKey *key)
{
        return mono_signature_hash (key->signature) ^ (((!!key->valuetype) << 18) * 17);
}

static gboolean
wrapper_cache_method_key_equal (MonoWrapperMethodCacheKey *key1, MonoWrapperMethodCacheKey *key2)
{
        if (key1->virtual_ != key2->virtual_ || key1->need_direct_wrapper != key2->need_direct_wrapper)
                return FALSE;
        return key1->method == key2->method;
}

static gboolean
wrapper_cache_signature_key_equal (MonoWrapperSignatureCacheKey *key1, MonoWrapperSignatureCacheKey *key2)
{
        if (key1->valuetype != key2->valuetype)
                return FALSE;
        return runtime_invoke_signature_equal (key1->signature, key2->signature);
}

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_runtime_invoke:
 * Generates IL code for the runtime invoke function:
 *
 * <code>MonoObject *runtime_invoke (MonoObject *this_obj, void **params, MonoObject **exc, void* method)</code>
 *
 * We also catch exceptions if \p exc is not NULL.
 * If \p virtual is TRUE, then \p method is invoked virtually on \p this. This is useful since
 * it means that the compiled code for \p method does not have to be looked up 
 * before calling the runtime invoke wrapper. In this case, the wrapper ignores
 * its \p method argument.
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_runtime_invoke_full (MonoMethod *method, gboolean virtual_, gboolean need_direct_wrapper)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *sig, *csig, *callsig;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        GHashTable *method_cache = NULL, *sig_cache = NULL;
        GHashTable **cache_table = NULL;
        MonoClass *target_klass;
        MonoMethod *res = NULL;
        static MonoMethodSignature *cctor_signature = NULL;
        static MonoMethodSignature *finalize_signature = NULL;
        char *name;
        const char *param_names [16];
        WrapperInfo *info;
        MonoWrapperMethodCacheKey *method_key;
        MonoWrapperMethodCacheKey method_key_lookup_only;
        memset (&method_key_lookup_only, 0, sizeof (method_key_lookup_only));
        method_key_lookup_only.method = method;
        method_key_lookup_only.virtual_ = virtual_;
        method_key_lookup_only.need_direct_wrapper = need_direct_wrapper;
        method_key = &method_key_lookup_only;

        g_assert (method);

        if (!cctor_signature) {
                cctor_signature = mono_metadata_signature_alloc (mono_defaults.corlib, 0);
                cctor_signature->ret = mono_get_void_type ();
        }
        if (!finalize_signature) {
                finalize_signature = mono_metadata_signature_alloc (mono_defaults.corlib, 0);
                finalize_signature->ret = mono_get_void_type ();
                finalize_signature->hasthis = 1;
        }

        cache_table = &mono_method_get_wrapper_cache (method)->runtime_invoke_method_cache;
        method_cache = get_cache (cache_table, (GHashFunc) wrapper_cache_method_key_hash, (GCompareFunc) wrapper_cache_method_key_equal);

        res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (method_cache, method_key);
        if (res)
                return res;
                
        if (method->string_ctor) {
                callsig = lookup_string_ctor_signature (mono_method_signature_internal (method));
                if (!callsig)
                        callsig = add_string_ctor_signature (method);
        } else {
                if (method_is_dynamic (method))
                        callsig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (get_method_image (method), mono_method_signature_internal (method));
                else
                        callsig = mono_method_signature_internal (method);
        }

        sig = mono_method_signature_internal (method);

        target_klass = get_wrapper_target_class (m_class_get_image (method->klass));

        /* Try to share wrappers for non-corlib methods with simple signatures */
        if (mono_metadata_signature_equal (callsig, cctor_signature)) {
                callsig = cctor_signature;
                target_klass = mono_defaults.object_class;
        } else if (mono_metadata_signature_equal (callsig, finalize_signature)) {
                callsig = finalize_signature;
                target_klass = mono_defaults.object_class;
        }

        if (need_direct_wrapper || virtual_) {
                /* Already searched at the start. We cannot cache those wrappers based
                 * on signatures because they contain a reference to the method */
        } else {
                MonoMethodSignature *tmp_sig;

                callsig = mono_marshal_get_runtime_invoke_sig (callsig);
                MonoWrapperSignatureCacheKey sig_key;
                memset (&sig_key, 0, sizeof (sig_key));
                sig_key.signature = callsig;
                sig_key.valuetype = m_class_is_valuetype (method->klass);

                cache_table = &mono_method_get_wrapper_cache (method)->runtime_invoke_signature_cache;
                sig_cache = get_cache (cache_table, (GHashFunc) wrapper_cache_signature_key_hash, (GCompareFunc) wrapper_cache_signature_key_equal);

                /* from mono_marshal_find_in_cache */
                mono_marshal_lock ();
                res = (MonoMethod *)g_hash_table_lookup (sig_cache, &sig_key);
                mono_marshal_unlock ();

                if (res) {
                        g_free (callsig);
                        return res;
                }

                /* Make a copy of the signature from the image mempool */
                tmp_sig = callsig;
                callsig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (m_class_get_image (target_klass), callsig);
                g_free (tmp_sig);
        }

        csig = mono_metadata_signature_alloc (m_class_get_image (target_klass), 4);

        MonoType *object_type = mono_get_object_type ();
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();

        csig->ret = object_type;
        if (m_class_is_valuetype (method->klass) && mono_method_signature_internal (method)->hasthis)
                csig->params [0] = get_runtime_invoke_type (m_class_get_this_arg (method->klass), FALSE);
        else
                csig->params [0] = object_type;
        csig->params [1] = int_type;
        csig->params [2] = int_type;
        csig->params [3] = int_type;
        csig->pinvoke = 1;
#if TARGET_WIN32
        /* This is called from runtime code so it has to be cdecl */
        csig->call_convention = MONO_CALL_C;
#endif

        name = mono_signature_to_name (callsig, virtual_ ? "runtime_invoke_virtual" : (need_direct_wrapper ? "runtime_invoke_direct" : "runtime_invoke"));
        mb = mono_mb_new (target_klass, name,  MONO_WRAPPER_RUNTIME_INVOKE);
        g_free (name);

        param_names [0] = "this";
        param_names [1] = "params";
        param_names [2] = "exc";
        param_names [3] = "method";

        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_runtime_invoke_body (mb, param_names, m_class_get_image (target_klass), method, sig, callsig, virtual_, need_direct_wrapper);

        method_key = g_new (MonoWrapperMethodCacheKey, 1);
        memcpy (method_key, &method_key_lookup_only, sizeof (MonoWrapperMethodCacheKey));

        if (need_direct_wrapper || virtual_) {
                get_marshal_cb ()->mb_skip_visibility (mb);
                info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, virtual_ ? WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_RUNTIME_INVOKE_VIRTUAL : WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_RUNTIME_INVOKE_DIRECT);
                info->d.runtime_invoke.method = method;
                res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (method_cache, method_key, mb, csig, sig->param_count + 16, info, NULL);
        } else {
                MonoWrapperSignatureCacheKey *sig_key = g_new0 (MonoWrapperSignatureCacheKey, 1);
                sig_key->signature = callsig;
                sig_key->valuetype = m_class_is_valuetype (method->klass);

                /* taken from mono_mb_create_and_cache */
                mono_marshal_lock ();
                res = (MonoMethod *)g_hash_table_lookup (sig_cache, sig_key);
                mono_marshal_unlock ();

                info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_RUNTIME_INVOKE_NORMAL);
                info->d.runtime_invoke.sig = callsig;

                /* Somebody may have created it before us */
                if (!res) {
                        MonoMethod *newm;
                        newm = mono_mb_create (mb, csig, sig->param_count + 16, info);

                        mono_marshal_lock ();
                        res = (MonoMethod *)g_hash_table_lookup (sig_cache, sig_key);
                        if (!res) {
                                res = newm;
                                g_hash_table_insert (sig_cache, sig_key, res);
                                g_hash_table_insert (method_cache, method_key, res);
                        } else {
                                mono_free_method (newm);
                                g_free (sig_key);
                                g_free (method_key);
                        }
                        mono_marshal_unlock ();
                } else {
                        g_free (sig_key);
                        g_free (method_key);
                }

                /* end mono_mb_create_and_cache */
        }

        mono_mb_free (mb);

        return res;     
}

MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_runtime_invoke (MonoMethod *method, gboolean virtual_)
{
        gboolean need_direct_wrapper = FALSE;

        if (virtual_)
                need_direct_wrapper = TRUE;

        if (method->dynamic)
                need_direct_wrapper = TRUE;

        if (m_class_get_rank (method->klass) && (method->iflags & METHOD_IMPL_ATTRIBUTE_INTERNAL_CALL) &&
                (method->iflags & METHOD_IMPL_ATTRIBUTE_NATIVE)) {
                /*
                 * Array Get/Set/Address methods. The JIT implements them using inline code
                 * so we need to create an invoke wrapper which calls the method directly.
                 */
                need_direct_wrapper = TRUE;
        }

        if (method->string_ctor) {
                /* Can't share this as we push a string as this */
                need_direct_wrapper = TRUE;
        }

        return mono_marshal_get_runtime_invoke_full (method, virtual_, need_direct_wrapper);
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_runtime_invoke_body_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, const char **param_names, MonoImage *image, MonoMethod *method,
                                                  MonoMethodSignature *sig, MonoMethodSignature *callsig,
                                                  gboolean virtual_, gboolean need_direct_wrapper)
{
}

static void
emit_runtime_invoke_dynamic_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb)
{
}
#endif

/*
 * mono_marshal_get_runtime_invoke_dynamic:
 *
 *   Return a method which can be used to invoke managed methods from native code
 * dynamically.
 * The signature of the returned method is given by RuntimeInvokeDynamicFunction:
 * void runtime_invoke (void *args, MonoObject **exc, void *compiled_method)
 * ARGS should point to an architecture specific structure containing 
 * the arguments and space for the return value.
 * The other arguments are the same as for runtime_invoke (), except that
 * ARGS should contain the this argument too.
 * This wrapper serves the same purpose as the runtime-invoke wrappers, but there
 * is only one copy of it, which is useful in full-aot.
 */
MonoMethod*
mono_marshal_get_runtime_invoke_dynamic (void)
{
        static MonoMethod *method;
        MonoMethodSignature *csig;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        char *name;
        WrapperInfo *info;

        if (method)
                return method;

        csig = mono_metadata_signature_alloc (mono_defaults.corlib, 4);

        MonoType *void_type = mono_get_void_type ();
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();

        csig->ret = void_type;
        csig->params [0] = int_type;
        csig->params [1] = int_type;
        csig->params [2] = int_type;
        csig->params [3] = int_type;

        name = g_strdup ("runtime_invoke_dynamic");
        mb = mono_mb_new (mono_defaults.object_class, name, MONO_WRAPPER_RUNTIME_INVOKE);
        g_free (name);

        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_runtime_invoke_dynamic (mb);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_RUNTIME_INVOKE_DYNAMIC);

        mono_marshal_lock ();
        /* double-checked locking */
        if (!method)
                method = mono_mb_create (mb, csig, 16, info);

        mono_marshal_unlock ();

        mono_mb_free (mb);

        return method;
}

/*
 * mono_marshal_get_runtime_invoke_for_sig:
 *
 *   Return a runtime invoke wrapper for a given signature.
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_runtime_invoke_for_sig (MonoMethodSignature *sig)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *csig, *callsig;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoImage *image;
        GHashTable *cache = NULL;
        GHashTable **cache_table = NULL;
        MonoMethod *res = NULL;
        char *name;
        const char *param_names [16];
        WrapperInfo *info;

        /* A simplified version of mono_marshal_get_runtime_invoke */

        image = mono_defaults.corlib;

        callsig = mono_marshal_get_runtime_invoke_sig (sig);

        cache_table = &image->wrapper_caches.runtime_invoke_sig_cache;

        cache = get_cache (cache_table, (GHashFunc)mono_signature_hash,
                                           (GCompareFunc)runtime_invoke_signature_equal);

        /* from mono_marshal_find_in_cache */
        mono_marshal_lock ();
        res = (MonoMethod *)g_hash_table_lookup (cache, callsig);
        mono_marshal_unlock ();

        if (res) {
                g_free (callsig);
                return res;
        }

        /* Make a copy of the signature from the image mempool */
        callsig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (image, callsig);

        MonoType *object_type = mono_get_object_type ();
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();
        csig = mono_metadata_signature_alloc (image, 4);
        csig->ret = object_type;
        csig->params [0] = object_type;
        csig->params [1] = int_type;
        csig->params [2] = int_type;
        csig->params [3] = int_type;
        csig->pinvoke = 1;
#if TARGET_WIN32
        /* This is called from runtime code so it has to be cdecl */
        csig->call_convention = MONO_CALL_C;
#endif

        name = mono_signature_to_name (callsig, "runtime_invoke_sig");
        mb = mono_mb_new (mono_defaults.object_class, name,  MONO_WRAPPER_RUNTIME_INVOKE);
        g_free (name);

        param_names [0] = "this";
        param_names [1] = "params";
        param_names [2] = "exc";
        param_names [3] = "method";

        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_runtime_invoke_body (mb, param_names, image, NULL, sig, callsig, FALSE, FALSE);

        /* taken from mono_mb_create_and_cache */
        mono_marshal_lock ();
        res = (MonoMethod *)g_hash_table_lookup (cache, callsig);
        mono_marshal_unlock ();

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_RUNTIME_INVOKE_NORMAL);
        info->d.runtime_invoke.sig = callsig;

        /* Somebody may have created it before us */
        if (!res) {
                MonoMethod *newm;
                newm = mono_mb_create (mb, csig, sig->param_count + 16, info);

                mono_marshal_lock ();
                res = (MonoMethod *)g_hash_table_lookup (cache, callsig);
                if (!res) {
                        res = newm;
                        g_hash_table_insert (cache, callsig, res);
                } else {
                        mono_free_method (newm);
                }
                mono_marshal_unlock ();
        }

        /* end mono_mb_create_and_cache */

        mono_mb_free (mb);

        return res;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_icall_wrapper_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoJitICallInfo *callinfo, MonoMethodSignature *csig2, gboolean check_exceptions)
{
}

static void
emit_return_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb)
{
}
#endif

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_icall_wrapper:
 * Generates IL code for the JIT icall wrapper. The generated method
 * calls the unmanaged code in \p callinfo->func.
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_icall_wrapper (MonoJitICallInfo *callinfo, gboolean check_exceptions)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *csig, *csig2;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethod *res;
        WrapperInfo *info;

        gconstpointer const func = callinfo->func;
        
        GHashTable *cache = get_cache (& m_class_get_image (mono_defaults.object_class)->icall_wrapper_cache, mono_aligned_addr_hash, NULL);
        if ((res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, (gpointer) func)))
                return res;

        MonoMethodSignature *const sig = callinfo->sig;
        g_assert (sig->pinvoke);

        char *const name = g_strdup_printf ("__icall_wrapper_%s", callinfo->name);
        mb = mono_mb_new (mono_defaults.object_class, name, MONO_WRAPPER_MANAGED_TO_NATIVE);

        mb->method->save_lmf = 1;

        /* Add an explicit this argument */
        if (sig->hasthis)
                csig2 = mono_metadata_signature_dup_add_this (mono_defaults.corlib, sig, mono_defaults.object_class);
        else
                csig2 = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (mono_defaults.corlib, sig);

        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_icall_wrapper (mb, callinfo, csig2, check_exceptions);

        csig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (mono_defaults.corlib, sig);
        csig->pinvoke = 0;
        if (csig->call_convention == MONO_CALL_VARARG)
                csig->call_convention = 0;

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_ICALL_WRAPPER);
        info->d.icall.jit_icall_id = mono_jit_icall_info_id (callinfo);
        res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, (gpointer) func, mb, csig, csig->param_count + 16, info, NULL);
        mono_mb_free (mb);
        g_free (name);

        return res;
}

const char *
mono_marshal_get_aot_init_wrapper_name (MonoAotInitSubtype subtype)
{
        const char *name = NULL;
        switch (subtype) {
                case AOT_INIT_METHOD:
                        name = "init_method";
                        break;
                case AOT_INIT_METHOD_GSHARED_MRGCTX:
                        name = "init_method_gshared_mrgctx";
                        break;
                case AOT_INIT_METHOD_GSHARED_THIS:
                        name = "init_method_gshared_this";
                        break;
                case AOT_INIT_METHOD_GSHARED_VTABLE:
                        name = "init_method_gshared_vtable";
                        break;
                default:
                        g_assert_not_reached ();
        }
        return name;
}

MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_aot_init_wrapper (MonoAotInitSubtype subtype)
{
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethod *res;
        WrapperInfo *info;
        MonoMethodSignature *csig = NULL;
        MonoType *void_type = mono_get_void_type ();
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();
        const char *name = mono_marshal_get_aot_init_wrapper_name (subtype);

        switch (subtype) {
                case AOT_INIT_METHOD:
                        csig = mono_metadata_signature_alloc (mono_defaults.corlib, 2);
                        csig->ret = void_type;
                        csig->params [0] = int_type;
                        csig->params [1] = int_type;
                        break;
                case AOT_INIT_METHOD_GSHARED_MRGCTX:
                case AOT_INIT_METHOD_GSHARED_THIS:
                case AOT_INIT_METHOD_GSHARED_VTABLE:
                        csig = mono_metadata_signature_alloc (mono_defaults.corlib, 3);
                        csig->ret = void_type;
                        csig->params [0] = int_type;
                        csig->params [1] = int_type;
                        csig->params [2] = int_type;
                        break;
                default:
                        g_assert_not_reached ();
        }

        mb = mono_mb_new (mono_defaults.object_class, name, MONO_WRAPPER_OTHER);

        // Just stub out the method with a "CEE_RET"
        // Our codegen backend generates other code here
        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_return (mb);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_AOT_INIT);
        info->d.aot_init.subtype = subtype;
        res = mono_mb_create (mb, csig, csig->param_count + 16, info);
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        return res;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static int
emit_marshal_custom_noilgen (EmitMarshalContext *m, int argnum, MonoType *t,
                                         MonoMarshalSpec *spec, 
                                         int conv_arg, MonoType **conv_arg_type, 
                                         MarshalAction action)
{
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();
        if (action == MARSHAL_ACTION_CONV_IN && t->type == MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE)
                *conv_arg_type = int_type;
        return conv_arg;
}

static int
emit_marshal_asany_noilgen (EmitMarshalContext *m, int argnum, MonoType *t,
                                        MonoMarshalSpec *spec, 
                                        int conv_arg, MonoType **conv_arg_type, 
                                        MarshalAction action)
{
        return conv_arg;
}

static int
emit_marshal_vtype_noilgen (EmitMarshalContext *m, int argnum, MonoType *t,
                                        MonoMarshalSpec *spec, 
                                        int conv_arg, MonoType **conv_arg_type, 
                                        MarshalAction action)
{
        return conv_arg;
}

static int
emit_marshal_string_noilgen (EmitMarshalContext *m, int argnum, MonoType *t,
                                         MonoMarshalSpec *spec, 
                                         int conv_arg, MonoType **conv_arg_type, 
                                         MarshalAction action)
{
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();
        switch (action) {
        case MARSHAL_ACTION_CONV_IN:
                *conv_arg_type = int_type;
                break;
        case MARSHAL_ACTION_MANAGED_CONV_IN:
                *conv_arg_type = int_type;
                break;
        }
        return conv_arg;
}


static int
emit_marshal_safehandle_noilgen (EmitMarshalContext *m, int argnum, MonoType *t, 
                         MonoMarshalSpec *spec, int conv_arg, 
                         MonoType **conv_arg_type, MarshalAction action)
{
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();
        if (action == MARSHAL_ACTION_CONV_IN)
                *conv_arg_type = int_type;
        return conv_arg;
}


static int
emit_marshal_handleref_noilgen (EmitMarshalContext *m, int argnum, MonoType *t, 
                        MonoMarshalSpec *spec, int conv_arg, 
                        MonoType **conv_arg_type, MarshalAction action)
{
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();
        if (action == MARSHAL_ACTION_CONV_IN)
                *conv_arg_type = int_type;
        return conv_arg;
}


static int
emit_marshal_object_noilgen (EmitMarshalContext *m, int argnum, MonoType *t,
                     MonoMarshalSpec *spec, 
                     int conv_arg, MonoType **conv_arg_type, 
                     MarshalAction action)
{
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();
        if (action == MARSHAL_ACTION_CONV_IN)
                *conv_arg_type = int_type;
        return conv_arg;
}

static int
emit_marshal_variant_noilgen (EmitMarshalContext *m, int argnum, MonoType *t,
                     MonoMarshalSpec *spec, 
                     int conv_arg, MonoType **conv_arg_type, 
                     MarshalAction action)
{
        g_assert_not_reached ();
}
#endif

gboolean
mono_pinvoke_is_unicode (MonoMethodPInvoke *piinfo)
{
        switch (piinfo->piflags & PINVOKE_ATTRIBUTE_CHAR_SET_MASK) {
        case PINVOKE_ATTRIBUTE_CHAR_SET_ANSI:
                return FALSE;
        case PINVOKE_ATTRIBUTE_CHAR_SET_UNICODE:
                return TRUE;
        case PINVOKE_ATTRIBUTE_CHAR_SET_AUTO:
        default:
#ifdef TARGET_WIN32
                return TRUE;
#else
                return FALSE;
#endif
        }
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static int
emit_marshal_array_noilgen (EmitMarshalContext *m, int argnum, MonoType *t,
                                        MonoMarshalSpec *spec, 
                                        int conv_arg, MonoType **conv_arg_type, 
                                        MarshalAction action)
{
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();
        MonoType *object_type = mono_get_object_type ();
        switch (action) {
        case MARSHAL_ACTION_CONV_IN:
                *conv_arg_type = object_type;
                break;
        case MARSHAL_ACTION_MANAGED_CONV_IN:
                *conv_arg_type = int_type;
                break;
        }
        return conv_arg;
}
#endif

MonoType*
mono_marshal_boolean_conv_in_get_local_type (MonoMarshalSpec *spec, guint8 *ldc_op /*out*/)
{
        if (spec == NULL) {
                return mono_get_int32_type ();
        } else {
                switch (spec->native) {
                case MONO_NATIVE_I1:
                case MONO_NATIVE_U1:
                        return m_class_get_byval_arg (mono_defaults.byte_class);
                case MONO_NATIVE_VARIANTBOOL:
                        if (ldc_op) *ldc_op = CEE_LDC_I4_M1;
                        return m_class_get_byval_arg (mono_defaults.int16_class);
                case MONO_NATIVE_BOOLEAN:
                        return mono_get_int32_type ();
                default:
                        g_warning ("marshalling bool as native type %x is currently not supported", spec->native);
                        return mono_get_int32_type ();
                }
        }
}

MonoClass*
mono_marshal_boolean_managed_conv_in_get_conv_arg_class (MonoMarshalSpec *spec, guint8 *ldop/*out*/)
{
        MonoClass* conv_arg_class = mono_defaults.int32_class;
        if (spec) {
                switch (spec->native) {
                case MONO_NATIVE_I1:
                case MONO_NATIVE_U1:
                        conv_arg_class = mono_defaults.byte_class;
                        if (ldop) *ldop = CEE_LDIND_I1;
                        break;
                case MONO_NATIVE_VARIANTBOOL:
                        conv_arg_class = mono_defaults.int16_class;
                        if (ldop) *ldop = CEE_LDIND_I2;
                        break;
                case MONO_NATIVE_BOOLEAN:
                        break;
                default:
                        g_warning ("marshalling bool as native type %x is currently not supported", spec->native);
                }
        }
        return conv_arg_class;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static int
emit_marshal_boolean_noilgen (EmitMarshalContext *m, int argnum, MonoType *t,
                      MonoMarshalSpec *spec, 
                      int conv_arg, MonoType **conv_arg_type, 
                      MarshalAction action)
{
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();
        switch (action) {
        case MARSHAL_ACTION_CONV_IN:
                if (t->byref)
                        *conv_arg_type = int_type;
                else
                        *conv_arg_type = mono_marshal_boolean_conv_in_get_local_type (spec, NULL);
                break;

        case MARSHAL_ACTION_MANAGED_CONV_IN: {
                MonoClass* conv_arg_class = mono_marshal_boolean_managed_conv_in_get_conv_arg_class (spec, NULL);
                if (t->byref)
                        *conv_arg_type = m_class_get_this_arg (conv_arg_class);
                else
                        *conv_arg_type = m_class_get_byval_arg (conv_arg_class);
                break;
        }

        }
        return conv_arg;
}

static int
emit_marshal_ptr_noilgen (EmitMarshalContext *m, int argnum, MonoType *t, 
                  MonoMarshalSpec *spec, int conv_arg, 
                  MonoType **conv_arg_type, MarshalAction action)
{
        return conv_arg;
}

static int
emit_marshal_char_noilgen (EmitMarshalContext *m, int argnum, MonoType *t, 
                   MonoMarshalSpec *spec, int conv_arg, 
                   MonoType **conv_arg_type, MarshalAction action)
{
        return conv_arg;
}

static int
emit_marshal_scalar_noilgen (EmitMarshalContext *m, int argnum, MonoType *t, 
                     MonoMarshalSpec *spec, int conv_arg, 
                     MonoType **conv_arg_type, MarshalAction action)
{
        return conv_arg;
}
#endif

int
mono_emit_marshal (EmitMarshalContext *m, int argnum, MonoType *t, 
              MonoMarshalSpec *spec, int conv_arg, 
              MonoType **conv_arg_type, MarshalAction action)
{
        /* Ensure that we have marshalling info for this param */
        mono_marshal_load_type_info (mono_class_from_mono_type_internal (t));

        if (spec && spec->native == MONO_NATIVE_CUSTOM)
                return get_marshal_cb ()->emit_marshal_custom (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);

        if (spec && spec->native == MONO_NATIVE_ASANY)
                return get_marshal_cb ()->emit_marshal_asany (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
                        
        switch (t->type) {
        case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE:
                if (t->data.klass == mono_class_try_get_handleref_class ())
                        return get_marshal_cb ()->emit_marshal_handleref (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
                
                return get_marshal_cb ()->emit_marshal_vtype (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
        case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
                return get_marshal_cb ()->emit_marshal_string (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
        case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
        case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
#if !defined(DISABLE_COM)
                if (spec && spec->native == MONO_NATIVE_STRUCT)
                        return get_marshal_cb ()->emit_marshal_variant (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
#endif

#if !defined(DISABLE_COM)
                if ((spec && (spec->native == MONO_NATIVE_IUNKNOWN ||
                        spec->native == MONO_NATIVE_IDISPATCH ||
                        spec->native == MONO_NATIVE_INTERFACE)) ||
                        (t->type == MONO_TYPE_CLASS && mono_cominterop_is_interface(t->data.klass)))
                        return mono_cominterop_emit_marshal_com_interface (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
                if (spec && (spec->native == MONO_NATIVE_SAFEARRAY) && 
                        (spec->data.safearray_data.elem_type == MONO_VARIANT_VARIANT) && 
                        ((action == MARSHAL_ACTION_CONV_OUT) || (action == MARSHAL_ACTION_CONV_IN) || (action == MARSHAL_ACTION_PUSH)))
                        return mono_cominterop_emit_marshal_safearray (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
#endif

                if (mono_class_try_get_safehandle_class () != NULL && t->data.klass &&
                    mono_class_is_subclass_of_internal (t->data.klass,  mono_class_try_get_safehandle_class (), FALSE))
                        return get_marshal_cb ()->emit_marshal_safehandle (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
                
                return get_marshal_cb ()->emit_marshal_object (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
        case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:
        case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY:
                return get_marshal_cb ()->emit_marshal_array (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
        case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
                return get_marshal_cb ()->emit_marshal_boolean (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
        case MONO_TYPE_PTR:
                return get_marshal_cb ()->emit_marshal_ptr (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
        case MONO_TYPE_CHAR:
                return get_marshal_cb ()->emit_marshal_char (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
        case MONO_TYPE_I1:
        case MONO_TYPE_U1:
        case MONO_TYPE_I2:
        case MONO_TYPE_U2:
        case MONO_TYPE_I4:
        case MONO_TYPE_U4:
        case MONO_TYPE_I:
        case MONO_TYPE_U:
        case MONO_TYPE_R4:
        case MONO_TYPE_R8:
        case MONO_TYPE_I8:
        case MONO_TYPE_U8:
        case MONO_TYPE_FNPTR:
                return get_marshal_cb ()->emit_marshal_scalar (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
        case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST:
                if (mono_type_generic_inst_is_valuetype (t))
                        return get_marshal_cb ()->emit_marshal_vtype (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
                else
                        return get_marshal_cb ()->emit_marshal_object (m, argnum, t, spec, conv_arg, conv_arg_type, action);
        default:
                return conv_arg;
        }
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_create_string_hack_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethodSignature *csig, MonoMethod *res)
{
}

static void
emit_native_icall_wrapper_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethod *method, MonoMethodSignature *csig, gboolean check_exceptions, gboolean aot, MonoMethodPInvoke *pinfo)
{
}
#endif

static void 
mono_marshal_set_callconv_from_modopt (MonoMethod *method, MonoMethodSignature *csig, gboolean set_default)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        int i;

#ifdef TARGET_WIN32
        /* 
         * Under windows, delegates passed to native code must use the STDCALL
         * calling convention.
         */
        if (set_default)
                csig->call_convention = MONO_CALL_STDCALL;
#endif

        sig = mono_method_signature_internal (method);

        int cmod_count = 0;
        if (sig->ret)
                cmod_count = mono_type_custom_modifier_count (sig->ret);

        /* Change default calling convention if needed */
        /* Why is this a modopt ? */
        if (cmod_count == 0)
                return;

        for (i = 0; i < cmod_count; ++i) {
                ERROR_DECL (error);
                gboolean required;
                MonoType *cmod_type = mono_type_get_custom_modifier (sig->ret, i, &required, error);
                mono_error_assert_ok (error);
                MonoClass *cmod_class = mono_class_from_mono_type_internal (cmod_type);
                if ((m_class_get_image (cmod_class) == mono_defaults.corlib) && !strcmp (m_class_get_name_space (cmod_class), "System.Runtime.CompilerServices")) {
                        const char *cmod_class_name = m_class_get_name (cmod_class);
                        if (!strcmp (cmod_class_name, "CallConvCdecl"))
                                csig->call_convention = MONO_CALL_C;
                        else if (!strcmp (cmod_class_name, "CallConvStdcall"))
                                csig->call_convention = MONO_CALL_STDCALL;
                        else if (!strcmp (cmod_class_name, "CallConvFastcall"))
                                csig->call_convention = MONO_CALL_FASTCALL;
                        else if (!strcmp (cmod_class_name, "CallConvThiscall"))
                                csig->call_convention = MONO_CALL_THISCALL;
                }
        }
}

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_native_wrapper:
 * \param method The \c MonoMethod to wrap.
 * \param check_exceptions Whenever to check for pending exceptions
 *
 * Generates IL code for the pinvoke wrapper. The generated method
 * calls the unmanaged code in \c piinfo->addr.
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_native_wrapper (MonoMethod *method, gboolean check_exceptions, gboolean aot)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *sig, *csig;
        MonoMethodPInvoke *piinfo = (MonoMethodPInvoke *) method;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMarshalSpec **mspecs;
        MonoMethod *res;
        GHashTable *cache;
        gboolean pinvoke = FALSE;
        gpointer iter;
        int i;
        ERROR_DECL (emitted_error);
        WrapperInfo *info;

        g_assert (method != NULL);
        g_assert (mono_method_signature_internal (method)->pinvoke);

        GHashTable **cache_ptr;

        MonoType *string_type = m_class_get_byval_arg (mono_defaults.string_class);

        if (aot) {
                if (check_exceptions)
                        cache_ptr = &mono_method_get_wrapper_cache (method)->native_wrapper_aot_check_cache;
                else
                        cache_ptr = &mono_method_get_wrapper_cache (method)->native_wrapper_aot_cache;
        } else {
                if (check_exceptions)
                        cache_ptr = &mono_method_get_wrapper_cache (method)->native_wrapper_check_cache;
                else
                        cache_ptr = &mono_method_get_wrapper_cache (method)->native_wrapper_cache;
        }

        cache = get_cache (cache_ptr, mono_aligned_addr_hash, NULL);

        if ((res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, method)))
                return res;

        if (MONO_CLASS_IS_IMPORT (method->klass)) {
                /* The COM code is not AOT compatible, it calls mono_custom_attrs_get_attr_checked () */
                if (aot)
                        return method;
#ifndef DISABLE_COM
                return mono_cominterop_get_native_wrapper (method);
#else
                g_assert_not_reached ();
#endif
        }

        sig = mono_method_signature_internal (method);

        if (!(method->iflags & METHOD_IMPL_ATTRIBUTE_INTERNAL_CALL) &&
            (method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_PINVOKE_IMPL))
                pinvoke = TRUE;

        if (!piinfo->addr) {
                if (pinvoke) {
                        if (method->iflags & METHOD_IMPL_ATTRIBUTE_NATIVE)
                                mono_error_set_generic_error (emitted_error, "System", "MissingMethodException", "Method contains unsupported native code");
                        else if (!aot)
                                mono_lookup_pinvoke_call_internal (method, emitted_error);
                } else {
                        if (!aot || (method->klass == mono_defaults.string_class))
                                piinfo->addr = mono_lookup_internal_call (method);
                }
        }

        /* hack - redirect certain string constructors to CreateString */
        if (piinfo->addr == ves_icall_System_String_ctor_RedirectToCreateString) {
                g_assert (!pinvoke);
                g_assert (method->string_ctor);
                g_assert (sig->hasthis);

                /* CreateString returns a value */
                csig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (get_method_image (method), sig);
                csig->ret = string_type;
                csig->pinvoke = 0;

                iter = NULL;
                while ((res = mono_class_get_methods (mono_defaults.string_class, &iter))) {
                        if (!strcmp ("CreateString", res->name) &&
                                mono_metadata_signature_equal (csig, mono_method_signature_internal (res))) {
                                WrapperInfo *info;

                                g_assert (!(res->iflags & METHOD_IMPL_ATTRIBUTE_INTERNAL_CALL));
                                g_assert (!(res->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_PINVOKE_IMPL));

                                /* create a wrapper to preserve .ctor in stack trace */
                                mb = mono_mb_new (method->klass, method->name, MONO_WRAPPER_MANAGED_TO_MANAGED);

                                get_marshal_cb ()->emit_create_string_hack (mb, csig, res);

                                info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_STRING_CTOR);
                                info->d.string_ctor.method = method;

                                /* use native_wrapper_cache because internal calls are looked up there */
                                res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, method, mb, csig,
                                                                                                         csig->param_count + 1, info, NULL);
                                mono_mb_free (mb);

                                return res;
                        }
                }

                /* exception will be thrown */
                piinfo->addr = NULL;
                g_warning ("cannot find CreateString for .ctor");
        }

        mb = mono_mb_new (method->klass, method->name, MONO_WRAPPER_MANAGED_TO_NATIVE);

        mb->method->save_lmf = 1;

        /*
         * In AOT mode and embedding scenarios, it is possible that the icall is not
         * registered in the runtime doing the AOT compilation.
         */
        if (!piinfo->addr && !aot) {
                /* if there's no code but the error isn't set, just use a fairly generic exception. */
                if (is_ok (emitted_error))
                        mono_error_set_generic_error (emitted_error, "System", "MissingMethodException", "");
                get_marshal_cb ()->mb_emit_exception_for_error (mb, emitted_error);
                mono_error_cleanup (emitted_error);

                info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_NONE);
                info->d.managed_to_native.method = method;

                csig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (get_method_image (method), sig);
                csig->pinvoke = 0;
                res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, method, mb, csig,
                                                                                         csig->param_count + 16, info, NULL);
                mono_mb_free (mb);

                return res;
        }

        g_assert (is_ok (emitted_error));

        /* internal calls: we simply push all arguments and call the method (no conversions) */
        if (method->iflags & (METHOD_IMPL_ATTRIBUTE_INTERNAL_CALL | METHOD_IMPL_ATTRIBUTE_RUNTIME)) {
                if (sig->hasthis)
                        csig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_add_this (get_method_image (method), sig, method->klass);
                else
                        csig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (get_method_image (method), sig);

                //printf ("%s\n", mono_method_full_name (method, 1));

                /* hack - string constructors returns a value */
                if (method->string_ctor)
                        csig->ret = string_type;

                get_marshal_cb ()->emit_native_icall_wrapper (mb, method, csig, check_exceptions, aot, piinfo);

                info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_NONE);
                info->d.managed_to_native.method = method;

                csig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (get_method_image (method), csig);
                csig->pinvoke = 0;
                res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, method, mb, csig, csig->param_count + 16,
                                                                                         info, NULL);

                mono_mb_free (mb);
                return res;
        }

        g_assert (pinvoke);
        if (!aot)
                g_assert (piinfo->addr);

        csig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (get_method_image (method), sig);
        mono_marshal_set_callconv_from_modopt (method, csig, FALSE);

        mspecs = g_new (MonoMarshalSpec*, sig->param_count + 1);
        mono_method_get_marshal_info (method, mspecs);

        mono_marshal_emit_native_wrapper (get_method_image (mb->method), mb, csig, piinfo, mspecs, piinfo->addr, aot, check_exceptions, FALSE);
        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_PINVOKE);
        info->d.managed_to_native.method = method;

        csig->pinvoke = 0;
        res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, method, mb, csig, csig->param_count + 16,
                                                                                 info, NULL);
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        for (i = sig->param_count; i >= 0; i--)
                if (mspecs [i])
                        mono_metadata_free_marshal_spec (mspecs [i]);
        g_free (mspecs);

        /* mono_method_print_code (res); */

        return res;
}

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_native_func_wrapper:
 * \param image The image to use for memory allocation and for looking up custom marshallers.
 * \param sig The signature of the function
 * \param func The native function to wrap
 *
 * \returns a wrapper method around native functions, similar to the pinvoke
 * wrapper.
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_native_func_wrapper (MonoImage *image, MonoMethodSignature *sig, 
                                                                          MonoMethodPInvoke *piinfo, MonoMarshalSpec **mspecs, gpointer func)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *csig;

        SignaturePointerPair key, *new_key;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethod *res;
        GHashTable *cache;
        gboolean found;
        char *name;

        key.sig = sig;
        key.pointer = func;

        // Generic types are not safe to place in MonoImage caches.
        g_assert (!sig->is_inflated);

        cache = get_cache (&image->native_func_wrapper_cache, signature_pointer_pair_hash, signature_pointer_pair_equal);
        if ((res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, &key)))
                return res;

        name = g_strdup_printf ("wrapper_native_%p", func);
        mb = mono_mb_new (mono_defaults.object_class, name, MONO_WRAPPER_MANAGED_TO_NATIVE);
        mb->method->save_lmf = 1;

        mono_marshal_emit_native_wrapper (image, mb, sig, piinfo, mspecs, func, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE);

        csig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (image, sig);
        csig->pinvoke = 0;

        new_key = g_new (SignaturePointerPair,1);
        new_key->sig = csig;
        new_key->pointer = func;

        res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, new_key, mb, csig, csig->param_count + 16, NULL, &found);
        if (found)
                g_free (new_key);

        mono_mb_free (mb);

        mono_marshal_set_wrapper_info (res, NULL);

        return res;
}

/*
 * The wrapper receives the native function as a boxed IntPtr as its 'this' argument. This is easier to support in
 * AOT.
 */
MonoMethod*
mono_marshal_get_native_func_wrapper_aot (MonoClass *klass)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *sig, *csig;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethod *res;
        GHashTable *cache;
        char *name;
        WrapperInfo *info;
        MonoMethodPInvoke mpiinfo;
        MonoMethodPInvoke *piinfo = &mpiinfo;
        MonoMarshalSpec **mspecs;
        MonoMethod *invoke = mono_get_delegate_invoke_internal (klass);
        MonoImage *image = get_method_image (invoke);
        int i;

        // FIXME: include UnmanagedFunctionPointerAttribute info

        /*
         * The wrapper is associated with the delegate type, to pick up the marshalling info etc.
         */
        cache = get_cache (&mono_method_get_wrapper_cache (invoke)->native_func_wrapper_aot_cache, mono_aligned_addr_hash, NULL);

        if ((res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, invoke)))
                return res;

        memset (&mpiinfo, 0, sizeof (mpiinfo));
        parse_unmanaged_function_pointer_attr (klass, &mpiinfo);

        mspecs = g_new0 (MonoMarshalSpec*, mono_method_signature_internal (invoke)->param_count + 1);
        mono_method_get_marshal_info (invoke, mspecs);
        /* Freed below so don't alloc from mempool */
        sig = mono_metadata_signature_dup (mono_method_signature_internal (invoke));
        sig->hasthis = 0;

        name = g_strdup_printf ("wrapper_aot_native");
        mb = mono_mb_new (invoke->klass, name, MONO_WRAPPER_MANAGED_TO_NATIVE);
        mb->method->save_lmf = 1;

        mono_marshal_emit_native_wrapper (image, mb, sig, piinfo, mspecs, NULL, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_NATIVE_FUNC_AOT);
        info->d.managed_to_native.method = invoke;

        g_assert (!sig->hasthis);
        csig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_add_this (image, sig, mono_defaults.object_class);
        csig->pinvoke = 0;
        res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, invoke,
                                                                                 mb, csig, csig->param_count + 16,
                                                                                 info, NULL);
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        for (i = mono_method_signature_internal (invoke)->param_count; i >= 0; i--)
                if (mspecs [i])
                        mono_metadata_free_marshal_spec (mspecs [i]);
        g_free (mspecs);
        g_free (sig);

        return res;
}

/*
 * mono_marshal_emit_managed_wrapper:
 *
 *   Emit the body of a native-to-managed wrapper. INVOKE_SIG is the signature of
 * the delegate which wraps the managed method to be called. For closed delegates,
 * it could have fewer parameters than the method it wraps.
 * THIS_LOC is the memory location where the target of the delegate is stored.
 */
void
mono_marshal_emit_managed_wrapper (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethodSignature *invoke_sig, MonoMarshalSpec **mspecs, EmitMarshalContext* m, MonoMethod *method, uint32_t target_handle)
{
        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_managed_wrapper (mb, invoke_sig, mspecs, m, method, target_handle);
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_managed_wrapper_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethodSignature *invoke_sig, MonoMarshalSpec **mspecs, EmitMarshalContext* m, MonoMethod *method, uint32_t target_handle)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *sig, *csig;
        int i;
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();

        sig = m->sig;
        csig = m->csig;

        /* we first do all conversions */
        for (i = 0; i < sig->param_count; i ++) {
                MonoType *t = sig->params [i];

                switch (t->type) {
                case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
                case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
                case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE:
                case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:
                case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY:
                case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
                case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
                        mono_emit_marshal (m, i, sig->params [i], mspecs [i + 1], 0, &csig->params [i], MARSHAL_ACTION_MANAGED_CONV_IN);
                }
        }

        if (!sig->ret->byref) {
                switch (sig->ret->type) {
                case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
                        csig->ret = int_type;
                        break;
                default:
                        break;
                }
        }
}
#endif

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_managed_wrapper:
 * Generates IL code to call managed methods from unmanaged code 
 * If \p target_handle is \c 0, the wrapper info will be a \c WrapperInfo structure.
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_managed_wrapper (MonoMethod *method, MonoClass *delegate_klass, uint32_t target_handle, MonoError *error)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *sig, *csig, *invoke_sig;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethod *res, *invoke;
        MonoMarshalSpec **mspecs;
        MonoMethodPInvoke piinfo;
        GHashTable *cache;
        int i;
        EmitMarshalContext m;

        g_assert (method != NULL);
        error_init (error);

        if (method->flags & METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_PINVOKE_IMPL) {
                mono_error_set_invalid_program (error, "Failed because method (%s) marked PInvokeCallback (managed method) and extern (unmanaged) simultaneously.", mono_method_full_name (method, TRUE));
                return NULL;
        }

        /* 
         * FIXME: Should cache the method+delegate type pair, since the same method
         * could be called with different delegates, thus different marshalling
         * options.
         */
        cache = get_cache (&mono_method_get_wrapper_cache (method)->managed_wrapper_cache, mono_aligned_addr_hash, NULL);

        if (!target_handle && (res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, method)))
                return res;

        invoke = mono_get_delegate_invoke_internal (delegate_klass);
        invoke_sig = mono_method_signature_internal (invoke);

        mspecs = g_new0 (MonoMarshalSpec*, mono_method_signature_internal (invoke)->param_count + 1);
        mono_method_get_marshal_info (invoke, mspecs);

        sig = mono_method_signature_internal (method);

        mb = mono_mb_new (method->klass, method->name, MONO_WRAPPER_NATIVE_TO_MANAGED);

        /*the target gchandle must be the first entry after size and the wrapper itself.*/
        mono_mb_add_data (mb, GUINT_TO_POINTER (target_handle));

        /* we copy the signature, so that we can modify it */
        if (target_handle)
                /* Need to free this later */
                csig = mono_metadata_signature_dup (invoke_sig);
        else
                csig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (get_method_image (method), invoke_sig);
        csig->hasthis = 0;
        csig->pinvoke = 1;

        memset (&m, 0, sizeof (m));
        m.mb = mb;
        m.sig = sig;
        m.piinfo = NULL;
        m.retobj_var = 0;
        m.csig = csig;
        m.image = get_method_image (method);

        mono_marshal_set_callconv_from_modopt (invoke, csig, TRUE);

        /* The attribute is only available in Net 2.0 */
        if (mono_class_try_get_unmanaged_function_pointer_attribute_class ()) {
                MonoCustomAttrInfo *cinfo;
                MonoCustomAttrEntry *attr;

                /* 
                 * The pinvoke attributes are stored in a real custom attribute. Obtain the
                 * contents of the attribute without constructing it, as that might not be
                 * possible when running in cross-compiling mode.
                 */
                cinfo = mono_custom_attrs_from_class_checked (delegate_klass, error);
                mono_error_assert_ok (error);
                attr = NULL;
                if (cinfo) {
                        for (i = 0; i < cinfo->num_attrs; ++i) {
                                MonoClass *ctor_class = cinfo->attrs [i].ctor->klass;
                                if (mono_class_has_parent (ctor_class, mono_class_try_get_unmanaged_function_pointer_attribute_class ())) {
                                        attr = &cinfo->attrs [i];
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                }
                if (attr) {
                        gpointer *typed_args, *named_args;
                        CattrNamedArg *arginfo;
                        gint32 call_conv;
                        gint32 charset = 0;
                        MonoBoolean set_last_error = 0;
                        int num_named_args;
                        ERROR_DECL (error);

                        mono_reflection_create_custom_attr_data_args_noalloc (mono_defaults.corlib, attr->ctor, attr->data, attr->data_size,
                                                                                                                                  &typed_args, &named_args, &num_named_args, &arginfo, error);
                        g_assert (mono_error_ok (error));

                        /* typed args */
                        call_conv = *(gint32*)typed_args [0];
                        /* named args */
                        for (i = 0; i < num_named_args; ++i) {
                                CattrNamedArg *narg = &arginfo [i];

                                g_assert (narg->field);
                                if (!strcmp (narg->field->name, "CharSet")) {
                                        charset = *(gint32*)named_args [i];
                                } else if (!strcmp (narg->field->name, "SetLastError")) {
                                        set_last_error = *(MonoBoolean*)named_args [i];
                                } else if (!strcmp (narg->field->name, "BestFitMapping")) {
                                        // best_fit_mapping = *(MonoBoolean*)mono_object_unbox_internal (o);
                                } else if (!strcmp (narg->field->name, "ThrowOnUnmappableChar")) {
                                        // throw_on_unmappable = *(MonoBoolean*)mono_object_unbox_internal (o);
                                } else {
                                        g_assert_not_reached ();
                                }
                        }
                        g_free (typed_args);
                        g_free (named_args);
                        g_free (arginfo);

                        memset (&piinfo, 0, sizeof (piinfo));
                        m.piinfo = &piinfo;
                        piinfo.piflags = (call_conv << 8) | (charset ? (charset - 1) * 2 : 1) | set_last_error;

                        csig->call_convention = call_conv - 1;
                }

                if (cinfo && !cinfo->cached)
                        mono_custom_attrs_free (cinfo);
        }

        mono_marshal_emit_managed_wrapper (mb, invoke_sig, mspecs, &m, method, target_handle);

        if (!target_handle) {
                WrapperInfo *info;

                // FIXME: Associate it with the method+delegate_klass pair
                info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_NONE);
                info->d.native_to_managed.method = method;
                info->d.native_to_managed.klass = delegate_klass;

                res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, method,
                                                                                         mb, csig, sig->param_count + 16,
                                                                                         info, NULL);
        } else {
                get_marshal_cb ()->mb_set_dynamic (mb);
                res = mono_mb_create (mb, csig, sig->param_count + 16, NULL);
        }
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        for (i = mono_method_signature_internal (invoke)->param_count; i >= 0; i--)
                if (mspecs [i])
                        mono_metadata_free_marshal_spec (mspecs [i]);
        g_free (mspecs);

        /* mono_method_print_code (res); */

        return res;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_vtfixup_ftnptr_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethod *method, int param_count, guint16 type)
{
}
#endif

gpointer
mono_marshal_get_vtfixup_ftnptr (MonoImage *image, guint32 token, guint16 type)
{
        ERROR_DECL (error);
        MonoMethod *method;
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        int i, param_count;

        g_assert (token);

        method = mono_get_method_checked (image, token, NULL, NULL, error);
        if (!method)
                g_error ("Could not load vtfixup token 0x%x due to %s", token, mono_error_get_message (error));
        g_assert (method);

        if (type & (VTFIXUP_TYPE_FROM_UNMANAGED | VTFIXUP_TYPE_FROM_UNMANAGED_RETAIN_APPDOMAIN)) {
                MonoMethodSignature *csig;
                MonoMarshalSpec **mspecs;
                EmitMarshalContext m;

                sig = mono_method_signature_internal (method);
                g_assert (!sig->hasthis);

                mspecs = g_new0 (MonoMarshalSpec*, sig->param_count + 1);
                mono_method_get_marshal_info (method, mspecs);

                mb = mono_mb_new (method->klass, method->name, MONO_WRAPPER_NATIVE_TO_MANAGED);
                csig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (image, sig);
                csig->hasthis = 0;
                csig->pinvoke = 1;

                memset (&m, 0, sizeof (m));
                m.mb = mb;
                m.sig = sig;
                m.piinfo = NULL;
                m.retobj_var = 0;
                m.csig = csig;
                m.image = image;

                mono_marshal_set_callconv_from_modopt (method, csig, TRUE);

                /* FIXME: Implement VTFIXUP_TYPE_FROM_UNMANAGED_RETAIN_APPDOMAIN. */

                mono_marshal_emit_managed_wrapper (mb, sig, mspecs, &m, method, 0);

                get_marshal_cb ()->mb_set_dynamic (mb);
                method = mono_mb_create (mb, csig, sig->param_count + 16, NULL);
                mono_mb_free (mb);

                for (i = sig->param_count; i >= 0; i--)
                        if (mspecs [i])
                                mono_metadata_free_marshal_spec (mspecs [i]);
                g_free (mspecs);

                gpointer compiled_ptr = mono_compile_method_checked (method, error);
                mono_error_assert_ok (error);
                return compiled_ptr;
        }

        sig = mono_method_signature_internal (method);
        mb = mono_mb_new (method->klass, method->name, MONO_WRAPPER_MANAGED_TO_MANAGED);

        param_count = sig->param_count + sig->hasthis;
        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_vtfixup_ftnptr (mb, method, param_count, type);
        get_marshal_cb ()->mb_set_dynamic (mb);

        method = mono_mb_create (mb, sig, param_count, NULL);
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        gpointer compiled_ptr = mono_compile_method_checked (method, error);
        mono_error_assert_ok (error);
        return compiled_ptr;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_castclass_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb)
{
}
#endif

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_castclass_with_cache:
 * This does the equivalent of \c mono_object_castclass_with_cache.
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_castclass_with_cache (void)
{
        static MonoMethod *cached;
        MonoMethod *res;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        WrapperInfo *info;

        if (cached)
                return cached;

        MonoType *object_type = mono_get_object_type ();
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();

        mb = mono_mb_new (mono_defaults.object_class, "__castclass_with_cache", MONO_WRAPPER_CASTCLASS);
        sig = mono_metadata_signature_alloc (mono_defaults.corlib, 3);
        sig->params [TYPECHECK_OBJECT_ARG_POS] = object_type;
        sig->params [TYPECHECK_CLASS_ARG_POS] = int_type;
        sig->params [TYPECHECK_CACHE_ARG_POS] = int_type;
        sig->ret = object_type;
        sig->pinvoke = 0;

        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_castclass (mb);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_CASTCLASS_WITH_CACHE);
        res = mono_mb_create (mb, sig, 8, info);
        STORE_STORE_FENCE;

        if (mono_atomic_cas_ptr ((volatile gpointer *)&cached, res, NULL)) {
                mono_free_method (res);
                mono_metadata_free_method_signature (sig);
        }
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        return cached;
}

/* this is an icall */
MonoObject *
mono_marshal_isinst_with_cache (MonoObject *obj, MonoClass *klass, uintptr_t *cache)
{
        ERROR_DECL (error);
        MonoObject *isinst = mono_object_isinst_checked (obj, klass, error);
        if (mono_error_set_pending_exception (error))
                return NULL;

        if (mono_object_is_transparent_proxy (obj))
                return isinst;

        uintptr_t cache_update = (uintptr_t)obj->vtable;
        if (!isinst)
                cache_update = cache_update | 0x1;

        *cache = cache_update;

        return isinst;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_isinst_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb)
{
}
#endif

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_isinst_with_cache:
 * This does the equivalent of \c mono_marshal_isinst_with_cache.
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_isinst_with_cache (void)
{
        static MonoMethod *cached;
        MonoMethod *res;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        WrapperInfo *info;

        if (cached)
                return cached;

        MonoType *object_type = mono_get_object_type ();
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();

        mb = mono_mb_new (mono_defaults.object_class, "__isinst_with_cache", MONO_WRAPPER_CASTCLASS);
        sig = mono_metadata_signature_alloc (mono_defaults.corlib, 3);
        // The object
        sig->params [TYPECHECK_OBJECT_ARG_POS] = object_type;
        // The class
        sig->params [TYPECHECK_CLASS_ARG_POS] = int_type;
        // The cache
        sig->params [TYPECHECK_CACHE_ARG_POS] = int_type;
        sig->ret = object_type;
        sig->pinvoke = 0;

        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_isinst (mb);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_ISINST_WITH_CACHE);
        res = mono_mb_create (mb, sig, 8, info);
        STORE_STORE_FENCE;

        if (mono_atomic_cas_ptr ((volatile gpointer *)&cached, res, NULL)) {
                mono_free_method (res);
                mono_metadata_free_method_signature (sig);
        }
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        return cached;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_struct_to_ptr_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoClass *klass)
{
}
#endif

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_struct_to_ptr:
 * \param klass \c MonoClass
 *
 * Generates IL code for <code>StructureToPtr (object structure, IntPtr ptr, bool fDeleteOld)</code>
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_struct_to_ptr (MonoClass *klass)
{
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        static MonoMethod *stoptr = NULL;
        MonoMethod *res;
        WrapperInfo *info;

        g_assert (klass != NULL);

        mono_marshal_load_type_info (klass);

        MonoMarshalType *marshal_info = mono_class_get_marshal_info (klass);
        if (marshal_info->str_to_ptr)
                return marshal_info->str_to_ptr;

        if (!stoptr) {
                ERROR_DECL (error);
                stoptr = mono_class_get_method_from_name_checked (mono_defaults.marshal_class, "StructureToPtr", 3, 0, error);
                mono_error_assert_ok (error);
        }
        g_assert (stoptr);

        mb = mono_mb_new (klass, stoptr->name, MONO_WRAPPER_OTHER);

        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_struct_to_ptr (mb, klass);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_STRUCTURE_TO_PTR);
        res = mono_mb_create (mb, mono_signature_no_pinvoke (stoptr), 0, info);
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        mono_marshal_lock ();
        if (!marshal_info->str_to_ptr)
                marshal_info->str_to_ptr = res;
        else
                res = marshal_info->str_to_ptr;
        mono_marshal_unlock ();
        return res;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_ptr_to_struct_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoClass *klass)
{
}
#endif

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_ptr_to_struct:
 * \param klass \c MonoClass
 * Generates IL code for <code>PtrToStructure (IntPtr src, object structure)</code>
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_ptr_to_struct (MonoClass *klass)
{
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        static MonoMethodSignature *ptostr = NULL;
        MonoMethod *res;
        WrapperInfo *info;

        g_assert (klass != NULL);

        mono_marshal_load_type_info (klass);

        MonoMarshalType *marshal_info = mono_class_get_marshal_info (klass);
        if (marshal_info->ptr_to_str)
                return marshal_info->ptr_to_str;

        if (!ptostr) {
                MonoMethodSignature *sig;

                /* Create the signature corresponding to
                          static void PtrToStructure (IntPtr ptr, object structure);
                   defined in class/corlib/System.Runtime.InteropServices/Marshal.cs */
                sig = mono_icall_sig_void_ptr_object;
                sig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (mono_defaults.corlib, sig);
                sig->pinvoke = 0;
                mono_memory_barrier ();
                ptostr = sig;
        }

        mb = mono_mb_new (klass, "PtrToStructure", MONO_WRAPPER_OTHER);

        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_ptr_to_struct (mb, klass);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_PTR_TO_STRUCTURE);
        res = mono_mb_create (mb, ptostr, 0, info);
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        mono_marshal_lock ();
        if (!marshal_info->ptr_to_str)
                marshal_info->ptr_to_str = res;
        else
                res = marshal_info->ptr_to_str;
        mono_marshal_unlock ();
        return res;
}

/*
 * Return a dummy wrapper for METHOD which is called by synchronized wrappers.
 * This is used to avoid infinite recursion since it is hard to determine where to
 * replace a method with its synchronized wrapper, and where not.
 * The runtime should execute METHOD instead of the wrapper.
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_synchronized_inner_wrapper (MonoMethod *method)
{
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        WrapperInfo *info;
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        MonoMethod *res;
        MonoGenericContext *ctx = NULL;
        MonoGenericContainer *container = NULL;

        if (method->is_inflated && !mono_method_get_context (method)->method_inst) {
                ctx = &((MonoMethodInflated*)method)->context;
                method = ((MonoMethodInflated*)method)->declaring;
                container = mono_method_get_generic_container (method);
                if (!container)
                        container = mono_class_try_get_generic_container (method->klass); //FIXME is this a case of a try?
                g_assert (container);
        }

        mb = mono_mb_new (method->klass, method->name, MONO_WRAPPER_OTHER);
        get_marshal_cb ()->mb_emit_exception (mb, "System", "ExecutionEngineException", "Shouldn't be called.");
        get_marshal_cb ()->mb_emit_byte (mb, CEE_RET);

        sig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (get_method_image (method), mono_method_signature_internal (method));

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_SYNCHRONIZED_INNER);
        info->d.synchronized_inner.method = method;
        res = mono_mb_create (mb, sig, 0, info);
        mono_mb_free (mb);
        if (ctx) {
                ERROR_DECL (error);
                res = mono_class_inflate_generic_method_checked (res, ctx, error);
                g_assert (mono_error_ok (error)); /* FIXME don't swallow the error */
        }
        return res;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_synchronized_wrapper_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethod *method, MonoGenericContext *ctx, MonoGenericContainer *container, MonoMethod *enter_method, MonoMethod *exit_method, MonoMethod *gettypefromhandle_method)
{
        if (m_class_is_valuetype (method->klass) && !(method->flags & MONO_METHOD_ATTR_STATIC)) {
                /* FIXME Is this really the best way to signal an error here?  Isn't this called much later after class setup? -AK */
                mono_class_set_type_load_failure (method->klass, "");
                return;
        }

}
#endif

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_synchronized_wrapper:
 * Generates IL code for the synchronized wrapper: the generated method
 * calls \p method while locking \c this or the parent type.
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_synchronized_wrapper (MonoMethod *method)
{
        static MonoMethod *enter_method, *exit_method, *gettypefromhandle_method;
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethod *res;
        GHashTable *cache;
        WrapperInfo *info;
        MonoGenericContext *ctx = NULL;
        MonoMethod *orig_method = NULL;
        MonoGenericContainer *container = NULL;

        g_assert (method);

        if (method->wrapper_type == MONO_WRAPPER_SYNCHRONIZED)
                return method;

        /* FIXME: Support generic methods too */
        if (method->is_inflated && !mono_method_get_context (method)->method_inst) {
                orig_method = method;
                ctx = &((MonoMethodInflated*)method)->context;
                method = ((MonoMethodInflated*)method)->declaring;
                container = mono_method_get_generic_container (method);
                if (!container)
                        container = mono_class_try_get_generic_container (method->klass); //FIXME is this a case of a try?
                g_assert (container);
        }

        /*
         * Check cache
         */
        if (ctx) {
                cache = get_cache (&((MonoMethodInflated*)orig_method)->owner->wrapper_caches.synchronized_cache, mono_aligned_addr_hash, NULL);
                res = check_generic_wrapper_cache (cache, orig_method, orig_method, method);
                if (res)
                        return res;
        } else {
                cache = get_cache (&get_method_image (method)->wrapper_caches.synchronized_cache, mono_aligned_addr_hash, NULL);
                if ((res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, method)))
                        return res;
        }

        sig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (get_method_image (method), mono_method_signature_internal (method));
        sig->pinvoke = 0;

        mb = mono_mb_new (method->klass, method->name, MONO_WRAPPER_SYNCHRONIZED);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_NONE);
        info->d.synchronized.method = method;

        mono_marshal_lock ();

        if (!enter_method) {
                MonoMethodDesc *desc;

                desc = mono_method_desc_new ("Monitor:Enter(object,bool&)", FALSE);
                enter_method = mono_method_desc_search_in_class (desc, mono_defaults.monitor_class);
                g_assert (enter_method);
                mono_method_desc_free (desc);

                desc = mono_method_desc_new ("Monitor:Exit", FALSE);
                exit_method = mono_method_desc_search_in_class (desc, mono_defaults.monitor_class);
                g_assert (exit_method);
                mono_method_desc_free (desc);

                desc = mono_method_desc_new ("Type:GetTypeFromHandle", FALSE);
                gettypefromhandle_method = mono_method_desc_search_in_class (desc, mono_defaults.systemtype_class);
                g_assert (gettypefromhandle_method);
                mono_method_desc_free (desc);
        }

        mono_marshal_unlock ();

        get_marshal_cb ()->mb_skip_visibility (mb);
        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_synchronized_wrapper (mb, method, ctx, container, enter_method, exit_method, gettypefromhandle_method);

        if (ctx) {
                MonoMethod *def;
                def = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, method, mb, sig, sig->param_count + 16, info, NULL);
                res = cache_generic_wrapper (cache, orig_method, def, ctx, orig_method);
        } else {
                res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, method,
                                                                                         mb, sig, sig->param_count + 16, info, NULL);
        }
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        return res;     
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_unbox_wrapper_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethod *method)
{
}
#endif

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_unbox_wrapper:
 * The returned method calls \p method unboxing the \c this argument.
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_unbox_wrapper (MonoMethod *method)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *sig = mono_method_signature_internal (method);
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethod *res;
        GHashTable *cache;
        WrapperInfo *info;

        cache = get_cache (&mono_method_get_wrapper_cache (method)->unbox_wrapper_cache, mono_aligned_addr_hash, NULL);

        if ((res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, method)))
                return res;

        mb = mono_mb_new (method->klass, method->name, MONO_WRAPPER_UNBOX);

        g_assert (sig->hasthis);
        
        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_unbox_wrapper (mb, method);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_NONE);
        info->d.unbox.method = method;

        res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, method,
                                                                                 mb, sig, sig->param_count + 16, info, NULL);
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        /* mono_method_print_code (res); */

        return res;     
}

static gboolean
is_monomorphic_array (MonoClass *klass)
{
        MonoClass *element_class;
        if (m_class_get_rank (klass) != 1)
                return FALSE;

        element_class = m_class_get_element_class (klass);
        return mono_class_is_sealed (element_class) || m_class_is_valuetype (element_class);
}

static MonoStelemrefKind
get_virtual_stelemref_kind (MonoClass *element_class)
{
        if (element_class == mono_defaults.object_class)
                return STELEMREF_OBJECT;
        if (is_monomorphic_array (element_class))
                return STELEMREF_SEALED_CLASS;

        /* magic ifaces requires aditional checks for when the element type is an array */
        if (MONO_CLASS_IS_INTERFACE_INTERNAL (element_class) && m_class_is_array_special_interface (element_class))
                return STELEMREF_COMPLEX;

        /* Compressed interface bitmaps require code that is quite complex, so don't optimize for it. */
        if (MONO_CLASS_IS_INTERFACE_INTERNAL (element_class) && !mono_class_has_variant_generic_params (element_class))
#ifdef COMPRESSED_INTERFACE_BITMAP
                return STELEMREF_COMPLEX;
#else
                return STELEMREF_INTERFACE;
#endif
        /*Arrays are sealed but are covariant on their element type, We can't use any of the fast paths.*/
        if (mono_class_is_marshalbyref (element_class) || m_class_get_rank (element_class) || mono_class_has_variant_generic_params (element_class))
                return STELEMREF_COMPLEX;
        if (mono_class_is_sealed (element_class))
                return STELEMREF_SEALED_CLASS;
        if (m_class_get_idepth (element_class) <= MONO_DEFAULT_SUPERTABLE_SIZE)
                return STELEMREF_CLASS_SMALL_IDEPTH;

        return STELEMREF_CLASS;
}

#if 0
static void
record_slot_vstore (MonoObject *array, size_t index, MonoObject *value)
{
        char *name = mono_type_get_full_name (m_class_element_class (mono_object_class (array)));
        printf ("slow vstore of %s\n", name);
        g_free (name);
}
#endif

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_virtual_stelemref_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, const char **param_names, MonoStelemrefKind kind)
{
}
#endif

static const char *strelemref_wrapper_name[] = {
        "object", "sealed_class", "class", "class_small_idepth", "interface", "complex"
};

static const gchar *
mono_marshal_get_strelemref_wrapper_name (MonoStelemrefKind kind)
{
        return strelemref_wrapper_name [kind];
}

/*
 * TODO:
 *      - Separate simple interfaces from variant interfaces or mbr types. This way we can avoid the icall for them.
 *      - Emit a (new) mono bytecode that produces OP_COND_EXC_NE_UN to raise ArrayTypeMismatch
 *      - Maybe mve some MonoClass field into the vtable to reduce the number of loads
 *      - Add a case for arrays of arrays.
 */
static MonoMethod*
get_virtual_stelemref_wrapper (MonoStelemrefKind kind)
{
        static MonoMethod *cached_methods [STELEMREF_KIND_COUNT] = { NULL }; /*object iface sealed regular*/
        static MonoMethodSignature *signature;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethod *res;
        char *name;
        const char *param_names [16];
        WrapperInfo *info;

        if (cached_methods [kind])
                return cached_methods [kind];

        MonoType *void_type = mono_get_void_type ();
        MonoType *object_type = mono_get_object_type ();
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();

        name = g_strdup_printf ("virt_stelemref_%s", mono_marshal_get_strelemref_wrapper_name (kind));
        mb = mono_mb_new (mono_defaults.object_class, name, MONO_WRAPPER_STELEMREF);
        g_free (name);

        if (!signature) {
                MonoMethodSignature *sig = mono_metadata_signature_alloc (mono_defaults.corlib, 2);

                /* void this::stelemref (size_t idx, void* value) */
                sig->ret = void_type;
                sig->hasthis = TRUE;
                sig->params [0] = int_type; /* this is a natural sized int */
                sig->params [1] = object_type;
                signature = sig;
        }

        param_names [0] = "index";
        param_names [1] = "value";
        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_virtual_stelemref (mb, param_names, kind);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_VIRTUAL_STELEMREF);
        info->d.virtual_stelemref.kind = kind;
        res = mono_mb_create (mb, signature, 4, info);
        res->flags |= METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL;

        mono_marshal_lock ();
        if (!cached_methods [kind]) {
                cached_methods [kind] = res;
                mono_marshal_unlock ();
        } else {
                mono_marshal_unlock ();
                mono_free_method (res);
        }

        mono_mb_free (mb);
        return cached_methods [kind];
}

MonoMethod*
mono_marshal_get_virtual_stelemref (MonoClass *array_class)
{
        MonoStelemrefKind kind;

        g_assert (m_class_get_rank (array_class) == 1);
        kind = get_virtual_stelemref_kind (m_class_get_element_class (array_class));

        return get_virtual_stelemref_wrapper (kind);
}

MonoMethod**
mono_marshal_get_virtual_stelemref_wrappers (int *nwrappers)
{
        MonoMethod **res;
        int i;

        *nwrappers = STELEMREF_KIND_COUNT;
        res = (MonoMethod **)g_malloc0 (STELEMREF_KIND_COUNT * sizeof (MonoMethod*));
        for (i = 0; i < STELEMREF_KIND_COUNT; ++i)
                res [i] = get_virtual_stelemref_wrapper ((MonoStelemrefKind)i);
        return res;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_stelemref_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb)
{
}
#endif

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_stelemref:
 */
MonoMethod*
mono_marshal_get_stelemref (void)
{
        static MonoMethod* ret = NULL;
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        WrapperInfo *info;
        
        if (ret)
                return ret;
        
        mb = mono_mb_new (mono_defaults.object_class, "stelemref", MONO_WRAPPER_STELEMREF);
        

        sig = mono_metadata_signature_alloc (mono_defaults.corlib, 3);

        MonoType *void_type = mono_get_void_type ();
        MonoType *object_type = mono_get_object_type ();
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();


        /* void stelemref (void* array, int idx, void* value) */
        sig->ret = void_type;
        sig->params [0] = object_type;
        sig->params [1] = int_type; /* this is a natural sized int */
        sig->params [2] = object_type;

        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_stelemref (mb);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_NONE);
        ret = mono_mb_create (mb, sig, 4, info);
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        return ret;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
mb_emit_byte_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, guint8 op)
{
}
#endif

/*
 * mono_marshal_get_gsharedvt_in_wrapper:
 *
 *   This wrapper handles calls from normal code to gsharedvt code.
 */
MonoMethod*
mono_marshal_get_gsharedvt_in_wrapper (void)
{
        static MonoMethod* ret = NULL;
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        WrapperInfo *info;

        if (ret)
                return ret;
        
        mb = mono_mb_new (mono_defaults.object_class, "gsharedvt_in", MONO_WRAPPER_OTHER);
        
        sig = mono_metadata_signature_alloc (mono_defaults.corlib, 0);
        sig->ret = mono_get_void_type ();

        /*
         * The body is generated by the JIT, we use a wrapper instead of a trampoline so EH works.
         */
        get_marshal_cb ()->mb_emit_byte (mb, CEE_RET);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_GSHAREDVT_IN);
        ret = mono_mb_create (mb, sig, 4, info);
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * mono_marshal_get_gsharedvt_out_wrapper:
 *
 *   This wrapper handles calls from gsharedvt code to normal code.
 */
MonoMethod*
mono_marshal_get_gsharedvt_out_wrapper (void)
{
        static MonoMethod* ret = NULL;
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        WrapperInfo *info;

        if (ret)
                return ret;
        
        mb = mono_mb_new (mono_defaults.object_class, "gsharedvt_out", MONO_WRAPPER_OTHER);
        
        sig = mono_metadata_signature_alloc (mono_defaults.corlib, 0);
        sig->ret = mono_get_void_type ();

        /*
         * The body is generated by the JIT, we use a wrapper instead of a trampoline so EH works.
         */
        get_marshal_cb ()->mb_emit_byte (mb, CEE_RET);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_GSHAREDVT_OUT);
        ret = mono_mb_create (mb, sig, 4, info);
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        return ret;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_array_address_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, int rank, int elem_size)
{
}
#endif

typedef struct {
        int rank;
        int elem_size;
        MonoMethod *method;
} ArrayElemAddr;

/* LOCKING: vars accessed under the marshal lock */
static ArrayElemAddr *elem_addr_cache = NULL;
static int elem_addr_cache_size = 0;
static int elem_addr_cache_next = 0;

/**
 * mono_marshal_get_array_address:
 * \param rank rank of the array type
 * \param elem_size size in bytes of an element of an array.
 *
 * Returns a MonoMethod that implements the code to get the address
 * of an element in a multi-dimenasional array of \p rank dimensions.
 * The returned method takes an array as the first argument and then
 * \p rank indexes for the \p rank dimensions.
 * If ELEM_SIZE is 0, read the array size from the array object.
 */
MonoMethod*
mono_marshal_get_array_address (int rank, int elem_size)
{
        MonoMethod *ret;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        WrapperInfo *info;
        char *name;
        int cached;

        ret = NULL;
        mono_marshal_lock ();
        for (int i = 0; i < elem_addr_cache_next; ++i) {
                if (elem_addr_cache [i].rank == rank && elem_addr_cache [i].elem_size == elem_size) {
                        ret = elem_addr_cache [i].method;
                        break;
                }
        }
        mono_marshal_unlock ();
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        MonoType *object_type = mono_get_object_type ();
        MonoType *int_type = mono_get_int_type ();
        MonoType *int32_type = mono_get_int32_type ();

        sig = mono_metadata_signature_alloc (mono_defaults.corlib, 1 + rank);

        /* void* address (void* array, int idx0, int idx1, int idx2, ...) */
        sig->ret = int_type;
        sig->params [0] = object_type;
        for (int i = 0; i < rank; ++i) {
                sig->params [i + 1] = int32_type;
        }

        name = g_strdup_printf ("ElementAddr_%d", elem_size);
        mb = mono_mb_new (mono_defaults.object_class, name, MONO_WRAPPER_MANAGED_TO_MANAGED);
        g_free (name);
        
        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_array_address (mb, rank, elem_size);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_ELEMENT_ADDR);
        info->d.element_addr.rank = rank;
        info->d.element_addr.elem_size = elem_size;
        ret = mono_mb_create (mb, sig, 4, info);
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        /* cache the result */
        cached = 0;
        mono_marshal_lock ();
        for (int i = 0; i < elem_addr_cache_next; ++i) {
                if (elem_addr_cache [i].rank == rank && elem_addr_cache [i].elem_size == elem_size) {
                        /* FIXME: free ret */
                        ret = elem_addr_cache [i].method;
                        cached = TRUE;
                        break;
                }
        }
        if (!cached) {
                if (elem_addr_cache_next >= elem_addr_cache_size) {
                        int new_size = elem_addr_cache_size + 4;
                        ArrayElemAddr *new_array = g_new0 (ArrayElemAddr, new_size);
                        memcpy (new_array, elem_addr_cache, elem_addr_cache_size * sizeof (ArrayElemAddr));
                        g_free (elem_addr_cache);
                        elem_addr_cache = new_array;
                        elem_addr_cache_size = new_size;
                }
                elem_addr_cache [elem_addr_cache_next].rank = rank;
                elem_addr_cache [elem_addr_cache_next].elem_size = elem_size;
                elem_addr_cache [elem_addr_cache_next].method = ret;
                elem_addr_cache_next ++;
        }
        mono_marshal_unlock ();
        return ret;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_array_accessor_wrapper_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethod *method, MonoMethodSignature *sig, MonoGenericContext *ctx)
{
}
#endif

/*
 * mono_marshal_get_array_accessor_wrapper:
 *
 *   Return a wrapper which just calls METHOD, which should be an Array Get/Set/Address method.
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_array_accessor_wrapper (MonoMethod *method)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *sig;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethod *res;
        GHashTable *cache;
        MonoGenericContext *ctx = NULL;
        MonoMethod *orig_method = NULL;
        WrapperInfo *info;

        /*
         * These wrappers are needed to avoid the JIT replacing the calls to these methods with intrinsics
         * inside runtime invoke wrappers, thereby making the wrappers not unshareable.
         * FIXME: Use generic methods.
         */
        /*
         * Check cache
         */
        if (ctx) {
                cache = NULL;
                g_assert_not_reached ();
        } else {
                cache = get_cache (&get_method_image (method)->array_accessor_cache, mono_aligned_addr_hash, NULL);
                if ((res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, method)))
                        return res;
        }

        sig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (get_method_image (method), mono_method_signature_internal (method));
        sig->pinvoke = 0;

        mb = mono_mb_new (method->klass, method->name, MONO_WRAPPER_OTHER);

        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_array_accessor_wrapper (mb, method, sig, ctx);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR);
        info->d.array_accessor.method = method;

        if (ctx) {
                MonoMethod *def;
                def = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, method, mb, sig, sig->param_count + 16, info, NULL);
                res = cache_generic_wrapper (cache, orig_method, def, ctx, orig_method);
        } else {
                res = mono_mb_create_and_cache_full (cache, method,
                                                                                         mb, sig, sig->param_count + 16,
                                                                                         info, NULL);
        }
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        return res;     
}

#ifndef HOST_WIN32
static void*
mono_marshal_alloc_co_task_mem (size_t size)
{
        if (size == 0)
                /* This returns a valid pointer for size 0 on MS.NET */
                size = 4;

        return g_try_malloc (size);
}
#endif

/**
 * mono_marshal_alloc:
 */
void*
mono_marshal_alloc (gsize size, MonoError *error)
{
        gpointer res;

        error_init (error);

        res = mono_marshal_alloc_co_task_mem (size);
        if (!res)
                mono_error_set_out_of_memory (error, "Could not allocate %" G_GSIZE_FORMAT " bytes", size);

        return res;
}

/* This is a JIT icall, it sets the pending exception (in wrapper) and returns NULL on error. */
void*
ves_icall_marshal_alloc_impl (gsize size, MonoError *error)
{
        return mono_marshal_alloc (size, error);
}

#ifndef HOST_WIN32
static void
mono_marshal_free_co_task_mem (void *ptr)
{
        g_free (ptr);
}
#endif

/**
 * mono_marshal_free:
 */
void
mono_marshal_free (gpointer ptr)
{
        mono_marshal_free_co_task_mem (ptr);
}

/**
 * mono_marshal_free_array:
 */
void
mono_marshal_free_array (gpointer *ptr, int size) 
{
        int i;

        if (!ptr)
                return;

        for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
                g_free (ptr [i]);
}

void *
mono_marshal_string_to_utf16 (MonoString *s)
{
        // FIXME This should be an intrinsic.
        // FIXMEcoop The input parameter is easy to deal with,
        // but what happens with the result?
        // See https://github.com/mono/mono/issues/12165.
        return s ? mono_string_chars_internal (s) : NULL;
}

/* This is a JIT icall, it sets the pending exception (in wrapper) and returns NULL on error. */
gunichar2*
mono_marshal_string_to_utf16_copy_impl (MonoStringHandle s, MonoError *error)
{
        if (MONO_HANDLE_IS_NULL (s))
                return NULL;

        gsize const length = mono_string_handle_length (s);
        gunichar2 *res = (gunichar2 *)mono_marshal_alloc ((length + 1) * sizeof (*res), error);
        return_val_if_nok (error, NULL);
        gchandle_t gchandle = 0;
        memcpy (res, mono_string_handle_pin_chars (s, &gchandle), length * sizeof (*res));
        mono_gchandle_free_internal (gchandle);
        res [length] = 0;
        return res;
}

/**
 * mono_marshal_set_last_error:
 *
 * This function is invoked to set the last error value from a P/Invoke call
 * which has \c SetLastError set.
 */
void
mono_marshal_set_last_error (void)
{
        /* This icall is called just after a P/Invoke call before the P/Invoke
         * wrapper transitions the runtime back to running mode. */
#ifdef WIN32
        MONO_REQ_GC_SAFE_MODE;
        mono_native_tls_set_value (last_error_tls_id, GINT_TO_POINTER (GetLastError ()));
#else
        mono_native_tls_set_value (last_error_tls_id, GINT_TO_POINTER (errno));
#endif
}

void
mono_marshal_set_last_error_windows (int error)
{
#ifdef WIN32
        /* This icall is called just after a P/Invoke call before the P/Invoke
         * wrapper transitions the runtime back to running mode. */
        MONO_REQ_GC_SAFE_MODE;
        mono_native_tls_set_value (last_error_tls_id, GINT_TO_POINTER (error));
#endif
}

void
mono_marshal_clear_last_error (void)
{
        /* This icall is called just before a P/Invoke call. */
#ifdef WIN32
        SetLastError (ERROR_SUCCESS);
#else
        errno = 0;
#endif
}

static gsize
copy_managed_common (MonoArrayHandle managed, gconstpointer native, gint32 start_index,
                gint32 length, gpointer *managed_addr, guint32 *gchandle, MonoError *error)
{
        MONO_CHECK_ARG_NULL_HANDLE (managed, 0);
        MONO_CHECK_ARG_NULL (native, 0);

        MonoClass *klass = mono_handle_class (managed);

        // FIXME? move checks to managed
        if (m_class_get_rank (klass) != 1) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, "array", "array is multi-dimensional");
                return 0;
        }
        if (start_index < 0) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, "startIndex", "Must be >= 0");
                return 0;
        }
        if (length < 0) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, "length", "Must be >= 0");
                return 0;
        }
        if (start_index + length > mono_array_handle_length (managed)) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, "length", "start_index + length > array length");
                return 0;
        }

        gsize const element_size = mono_array_element_size (klass);

        // Handle generic arrays, which do not allow fixed.
        if (!*managed_addr)
                *managed_addr = mono_array_handle_pin_with_size (managed, element_size, start_index, gchandle);

        return element_size * length;
}

void
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_copy_to_unmanaged (MonoArrayHandle src, gint32 start_index,
                gpointer dest, gint32 length, gconstpointer managed_source_addr, MonoError *error)
{
        guint32 gchandle = 0;
        gsize const bytes = copy_managed_common (src, dest, start_index, length, (gpointer*)&managed_source_addr, &gchandle, error);
        if (bytes)
                memmove (dest, managed_source_addr, bytes); // no references should be involved
        mono_gchandle_free_internal (gchandle);
}

void
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_copy_from_unmanaged (gconstpointer src, gint32 start_index,
                MonoArrayHandle dest, gint32 length, gpointer managed_dest_addr, MonoError *error)
{
        guint32 gchandle = 0;
        gsize const bytes = copy_managed_common (dest, src, start_index, length, &managed_dest_addr, &gchandle, error);
        if (bytes)
                memmove (managed_dest_addr, src, bytes); // no references should be involved
        mono_gchandle_free_internal (gchandle);
}

MonoStringHandle
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_PtrToStringAnsi (const char *ptr, MonoError *error)
{
        if (!ptr)
                return NULL_HANDLE_STRING;
        return mono_string_new_handle (mono_domain_get (), ptr, error);
}

MonoStringHandle
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_PtrToStringAnsi_len (const char *ptr, gint32 len, MonoError *error)
{
        if (!ptr) {
                mono_error_set_argument_null (error, "ptr", "");
                return NULL_HANDLE_STRING;
        }
        return mono_string_new_utf8_len (mono_domain_get (), ptr, len, error);
}

MonoStringHandle
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_PtrToStringUni (const gunichar2 *ptr, MonoError *error)
{
        gsize len = 0;
        const gunichar2 *t = ptr;

        if (!ptr)
                return NULL_HANDLE_STRING;

        while (*t++)
                len++;

        MonoStringHandle res = mono_string_new_utf16_handle (mono_domain_get (), ptr, len, error);
        return_val_if_nok (error, NULL_HANDLE_STRING);

        return res;
}

MonoStringHandle
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_PtrToStringUni_len (const gunichar2 *ptr, gint32 len, MonoError *error)
{
        if (!ptr) {
                mono_error_set_argument_null (error, "ptr", "");
                return NULL_HANDLE_STRING;
        }
        return mono_string_new_utf16_handle (mono_domain_get (), ptr, len, error);
}

guint32 
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_GetLastWin32Error (void)
{
        return GPOINTER_TO_INT (mono_native_tls_get_value (last_error_tls_id));
}

guint32 
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_SizeOf (MonoReflectionTypeHandle rtype, MonoError *error)
{
        if (MONO_HANDLE_IS_NULL (rtype)) {
                mono_error_set_argument_null (error, "type", "");
                return 0;
        }

        MonoType * const type = MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (rtype, type);
        MonoClass * const klass = mono_class_from_mono_type_internal (type);
        if (!mono_class_init_checked (klass, error))
                return 0;

        guint32 const layout = (mono_class_get_flags (klass) & TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_LAYOUT_MASK);

        if (type->type == MONO_TYPE_PTR || type->type == MONO_TYPE_FNPTR) {
                return sizeof (gpointer);
        } else if (type->type == MONO_TYPE_VOID) {
                return 1;
        } else if (layout == TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_AUTO_LAYOUT) {
                mono_error_set_argument_format (error, "t", "Type %s cannot be marshaled as an unmanaged structure.", m_class_get_name (klass));
                return 0;
        }

        guint32 align;
        return (guint32)mono_marshal_type_size (type, NULL, &align, FALSE, m_class_is_unicode (klass));
}

guint32
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_SizeOfHelper (MonoReflectionTypeHandle rtype, MonoBoolean throwIfNotMarshalable, MonoError *error)
{
        return ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_SizeOf (rtype, error);
}

void
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_StructureToPtr (MonoObjectHandle obj, gpointer dst, MonoBoolean delete_old, MonoError *error)
{
        MONO_CHECK_ARG_NULL_HANDLE_NAMED (obj, "structure",);
        MONO_CHECK_ARG_NULL_NAMED (dst, "ptr",);

#ifdef ENABLE_NETCORE
        MonoClass *klass = mono_handle_class (obj);
        if (m_class_is_auto_layout (klass)) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, "structure", "The specified structure must be blittable or have layout information.");
                return;
        }
        if (m_class_is_ginst (klass)) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, "structure", "The specified object must not be an instance of a generic type.");
                return;
        }
#endif

        MonoMethod *method = mono_marshal_get_struct_to_ptr (mono_handle_class (obj));

        gpointer pa [ ] = { MONO_HANDLE_RAW (obj), &dst, &delete_old };

        mono_runtime_invoke_handle_void (method, NULL_HANDLE, pa, error);
}

static void
ptr_to_structure (gconstpointer src, MonoObjectHandle dst, MonoError *error)
{
        MonoMethod *method = mono_marshal_get_ptr_to_struct (mono_handle_class (dst));

        gpointer pa [ ] = { &src, MONO_HANDLE_RAW (dst) };

        // FIXMEcoop? mono_runtime_invoke_handle causes a GC assertion failure in marshal2 with interpreter
        mono_runtime_invoke_checked (method, NULL, pa, error);
}

#ifdef ENABLE_NETCORE

void
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_PtrToStructureInternal (gconstpointer src, MonoObjectHandle dst, MonoBoolean allow_vtypes, MonoError *error)
{
        MonoType *t;
        MonoClass *klass;

        t = m_class_get_byval_arg (mono_handle_class (dst));
        if (!allow_vtypes && MONO_TYPE_ISSTRUCT (t)) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, "structure", "The structure must not be a value class.");
                return;
        }

        klass = mono_class_from_mono_type_internal (t);
        if (m_class_is_auto_layout (klass)) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, "structure", "The specified structure must be blittable or have layout information.");
                return;
        }

        ptr_to_structure (src, dst, error);
}

#else

void
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_PtrToStructure (gconstpointer src, MonoObjectHandle dst, MonoError *error)
{
        MonoType *t;

        MONO_CHECK_ARG_NULL (src,);
        MONO_CHECK_ARG_NULL_HANDLE (dst,);
        
        t = mono_type_get_underlying_type (m_class_get_byval_arg (mono_handle_class (dst)));

        if (t->type == MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, "dst", "Destination is a boxed value type.");
                return;
        }

        ptr_to_structure (src, dst, error);
}

MonoObjectHandle
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_PtrToStructure_type (gconstpointer src, MonoReflectionTypeHandle type, MonoError *error)
{
        if (src == NULL)
                return NULL_HANDLE;

        MONO_CHECK_ARG_NULL_HANDLE (type, NULL_HANDLE);

        MonoClass *klass = mono_class_from_mono_type_handle (type);
        if (!mono_class_init_checked (klass, error))
                return NULL_HANDLE;

        MonoObjectHandle res = mono_object_new_handle (mono_domain_get (), klass, error);
        return_val_if_nok (error, NULL_HANDLE);

        ptr_to_structure (src, res, error);
        return_val_if_nok (error, NULL_HANDLE);

        return res;
}
#endif // !NETCORE

int
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_OffsetOf (MonoReflectionTypeHandle ref_type, MonoStringHandle field_name, MonoError *error)
{
        error_init (error);
        if (MONO_HANDLE_IS_NULL (ref_type)) {
                mono_error_set_argument_null (error, "t", "");
                return 0;
        }
        if (MONO_HANDLE_IS_NULL (field_name)) {
                mono_error_set_argument_null (error, "fieldName", "");
                return 0;
        }

        if (!m_class_is_runtime_type (MONO_HANDLE_GET_CLASS (ref_type))) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, "type", "");
                return 0;
        }

        char *fname = mono_string_handle_to_utf8 (field_name, error);
        return_val_if_nok (error, 0);

        MonoType *type = MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (ref_type, type);
        MonoClass *klass = mono_class_from_mono_type_internal (type);
        if (!mono_class_init_checked (klass, error))
                return 0;
#ifdef ENABLE_NETCORE
        if (m_class_is_auto_layout (klass)) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, NULL, "");
                return 0;
        }
#endif
        int match_index = -1;
        while (klass && match_index == -1) {
                MonoClassField* field;
                int i = 0;
                gpointer iter = NULL;
                while ((field = mono_class_get_fields_internal (klass, &iter))) {
                        if (field->type->attrs & FIELD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC)
                                continue;
                        if (!strcmp (fname, mono_field_get_name (field))) {
                                match_index = i;
                                break;
                        }
                        i ++;
                }

                if (match_index == -1)
                        klass = m_class_get_parent (klass);
        }

        g_free (fname);

        if(match_index == -1) {
                /* Get back original class instance */
                klass = mono_class_from_mono_type_internal (type);

                mono_error_set_argument_format (error, "fieldName", "Field passed in is not a marshaled member of the type %s", m_class_get_name (klass));
                return 0;
        }

        MonoMarshalType *info = mono_marshal_load_type_info (klass);
        return info->fields [match_index].offset;
}

#ifndef HOST_WIN32
char*
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_StringToHGlobalAnsi (const gunichar2 *s, int length, MonoError *error)
{
        return mono_utf16_to_utf8 (s, length, error);
}

static void *
mono_marshal_alloc_hglobal (size_t size, MonoError *error)
{
        void* p = g_try_malloc (size);
        if (!p)
                mono_error_set_out_of_memory (error, "");
        return p;
}
#endif /* !HOST_WIN32 */

gunichar2*
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_StringToHGlobalUni (const gunichar2 *s, int length, MonoError *error)
{
        if (!s)
                return NULL;

        gsize const len = ((gsize)length + 1) * 2;
        gunichar2 *res = (gunichar2*)mono_marshal_alloc_hglobal (len, error);
        if (res) {
                memcpy (res, s, length * 2);
                res [length] = 0;
        }
        return res;
}

void
mono_struct_delete_old (MonoClass *klass, char *ptr)
{
        MonoMarshalType *info;
        int i;

        info = mono_marshal_load_type_info (klass);

        for (i = 0; i < info->num_fields; i++) {
                MonoMarshalConv conv;
                MonoType *ftype = info->fields [i].field->type;
                char *cpos;

                if (ftype->attrs & FIELD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC)
                        continue;

                mono_type_to_unmanaged (ftype, info->fields [i].mspec, TRUE, 
                                        m_class_is_unicode (klass), &conv);
                        
                cpos = ptr + info->fields [i].offset;

                switch (conv) {
                case MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_NONE:
                        if (MONO_TYPE_ISSTRUCT (ftype)) {
                                mono_struct_delete_old (ftype->data.klass, cpos);
                                continue;
                        }
                        break;
                case MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_STR_LPWSTR:
                        /* We assume this field points inside a MonoString */
                        break;
                case MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_STR_LPTSTR:
#ifdef TARGET_WIN32
                        /* We assume this field points inside a MonoString 
                         * on Win32 */
                        break;
#endif
                case MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_STR_LPSTR:
                case MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_STR_ANSIBSTR:
                case MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_STR_TBSTR:
                case MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_STR_UTF8STR:
                        mono_marshal_free (*(gpointer *)cpos);
                        break;
                case MONO_MARSHAL_CONV_STR_BSTR:
                        mono_free_bstr (*(gpointer*)cpos);
                        break;
                default:
                        continue;
                }
        }
}

void
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_DestroyStructure (gpointer src, MonoReflectionTypeHandle type, MonoError *error)
{
        MONO_CHECK_ARG_NULL_NAMED (src, "ptr",);
        MONO_CHECK_ARG_NULL_HANDLE_NAMED (type, "structureType",);

        if (!m_class_is_runtime_type (MONO_HANDLE_GET_CLASS (type))) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, "structureType", "");
                return;
        }

        MonoClass *klass = mono_class_from_mono_type_handle (type);
        if (!mono_class_init_checked (klass, error))
                return;
#ifdef ENABLE_NETCORE
        if (m_class_is_auto_layout (klass)) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, "structureType", "The specified structure must be blittable or have layout information.");
                return;
        }

#endif

        mono_struct_delete_old (klass, (char *)src);
}

void*
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_AllocHGlobal (gsize size, MonoError *error)
{
        if (size == 0)
                /* This returns a valid pointer for size 0 on MS.NET */
                size = 4;

        return mono_marshal_alloc_hglobal (size, error);
}

#ifndef HOST_WIN32
static inline gpointer
mono_marshal_realloc_hglobal (gpointer ptr, size_t size)
{
        return g_try_realloc (ptr, size);
}
#endif

gpointer
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_ReAllocHGlobal (gpointer ptr, gsize size, MonoError *error)
{
        if (ptr == NULL) {
                mono_error_set_out_of_memory (error, "");
                return NULL;
        }

        gpointer const res = mono_marshal_realloc_hglobal (ptr, size);

        if (!res)
                mono_error_set_out_of_memory (error, "");

        return res;
}

#ifndef HOST_WIN32
static inline void
mono_marshal_free_hglobal (gpointer ptr)
{
        g_free (ptr);
}
#endif

void
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_FreeHGlobal (void *ptr)
{
        mono_marshal_free_hglobal (ptr);
}

void*
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_AllocCoTaskMem (int size, MonoError *error)
{
        void *res = mono_marshal_alloc_co_task_mem (size);

        if (!res)
                mono_error_set_out_of_memory (error, "");

        return res;
}

void*
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_AllocCoTaskMemSize (gsize size, MonoError *error)
{
        void *res = mono_marshal_alloc_co_task_mem (size);

        if (!res)
                mono_error_set_out_of_memory (error, "");

        return res;
}

void
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_FreeCoTaskMem (void *ptr)
{
        mono_marshal_free_co_task_mem (ptr);
}

#ifndef HOST_WIN32
static inline gpointer
mono_marshal_realloc_co_task_mem (gpointer ptr, size_t size)
{
        return g_try_realloc (ptr, size);
}
#endif

gpointer
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_ReAllocCoTaskMem (gpointer ptr, int size, MonoError *error)
{
        void *res = mono_marshal_realloc_co_task_mem (ptr, size);

        if (!res) {
                mono_error_set_out_of_memory (error, "");
                return NULL;
        }
        return res;
}

gpointer
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_UnsafeAddrOfPinnedArrayElement (MonoArrayHandle arrayobj, int index, MonoError *error)
{
        int esize = mono_array_element_size (mono_handle_class (arrayobj));
        return mono_array_addr_with_size_fast (MONO_HANDLE_RAW (arrayobj), esize, index);
}

MonoDelegateHandle
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_GetDelegateForFunctionPointerInternal (void *ftn, MonoReflectionTypeHandle type, MonoError *error)
{
        MonoClass *klass = mono_type_get_class (MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (type, type));
        if (!mono_class_init_checked (klass, error))
                return MONO_HANDLE_CAST (MonoDelegate, NULL_HANDLE);

        return mono_ftnptr_to_delegate_impl (klass, ftn, error);
}

gpointer
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_GetFunctionPointerForDelegateInternal (MonoDelegateHandle delegate, MonoError *error)
{
        return mono_delegate_to_ftnptr_impl (delegate, error);
}

int
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_GetArrayElementSize (MonoReflectionTypeHandle type_h, MonoError *error)
{
        MonoClass *eklass = mono_type_get_class (MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (type_h, type));

        mono_class_init_internal (eklass);

        if (m_class_has_references (eklass)) {
                mono_error_set_argument (error, NULL, NULL);
                return 0;
        }
        return mono_class_array_element_size (eklass);
}

MonoBoolean
ves_icall_System_Runtime_InteropServices_Marshal_IsPinnableType (MonoReflectionTypeHandle type_h, MonoError *error)
{
        MonoClass *klass = mono_class_from_mono_type_internal (MONO_HANDLE_GETVAL (type_h, type));

        if (m_class_get_rank (klass)) {
                MonoClass *eklass = m_class_get_element_class (klass);
                if (m_class_is_primitive (eklass))
                        return TRUE;            
                return eklass != mono_defaults.object_class && m_class_is_blittable (eklass);
        } else
                return m_class_is_blittable (klass);
}

/**
 * mono_marshal_is_loading_type_info:
 *
 *  Return whenever mono_marshal_load_type_info () is being executed for KLASS by this
 * thread.
 */
static gboolean
mono_marshal_is_loading_type_info (MonoClass *klass)
{
        GSList *loads_list = (GSList *)mono_native_tls_get_value (load_type_info_tls_id);

        return g_slist_find (loads_list, klass) != NULL;
}

/**
 * mono_marshal_load_type_info:
 *
 * Initialize \c klass::marshal_info using information from metadata. This function can
 * recursively call itself, and the caller is responsible to avoid that by calling 
 * \c mono_marshal_is_loading_type_info beforehand.
 *
 * LOCKING: Acquires the loader lock.
 */
MonoMarshalType *
mono_marshal_load_type_info (MonoClass* klass)
{
        int j, count = 0;
        guint32 native_size = 0, min_align = 1, packing;
        MonoMarshalType *info;
        MonoClassField* field;
        gpointer iter;
        guint32 layout;
        GSList *loads_list;

        g_assert (klass != NULL);

        info = mono_class_get_marshal_info (klass);
        if (info)
                return info;

        if (!m_class_is_inited (klass))
                mono_class_init_internal (klass);

        info = mono_class_get_marshal_info (klass);
        if (info)
                return info;

        /*
         * This function can recursively call itself, so we keep the list of classes which are
         * under initialization in a TLS list.
         */
        g_assert (!mono_marshal_is_loading_type_info (klass));
        loads_list = (GSList *)mono_native_tls_get_value (load_type_info_tls_id);
        loads_list = g_slist_prepend (loads_list, klass);
        mono_native_tls_set_value (load_type_info_tls_id, loads_list);
        
        iter = NULL;
        while ((field = mono_class_get_fields_internal (klass, &iter))) {
                if (field->type->attrs & FIELD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC)
                        continue;
                if (mono_field_is_deleted (field))
                        continue;
                count++;
        }

        layout = mono_class_get_flags (klass) & TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_LAYOUT_MASK;

        info = (MonoMarshalType *)mono_image_alloc0 (m_class_get_image (klass), MONO_SIZEOF_MARSHAL_TYPE + sizeof (MonoMarshalField) * count);
        info->num_fields = count;
        
        /* Try to find a size for this type in metadata */
        mono_metadata_packing_from_typedef (m_class_get_image (klass), m_class_get_type_token (klass), NULL, &native_size);

        if (m_class_get_parent (klass)) {
                int parent_size = mono_class_native_size (m_class_get_parent (klass), NULL);

                /* Add parent size to real size */
                native_size += parent_size;
                info->native_size = parent_size;
        }

        packing = m_class_get_packing_size (klass) ? m_class_get_packing_size (klass) : 8;
        iter = NULL;
        j = 0;
        while ((field = mono_class_get_fields_internal (klass, &iter))) {
                int size;
                guint32 align;
                
                if (field->type->attrs & FIELD_ATTRIBUTE_STATIC)
                        continue;

                if (mono_field_is_deleted (field))
                        continue;
                if (field->type->attrs & FIELD_ATTRIBUTE_HAS_FIELD_MARSHAL)
                        mono_metadata_field_info_with_mempool (m_class_get_image (klass), mono_metadata_token_index (mono_class_get_field_token (field)) - 1, 
                                                  NULL, NULL, &info->fields [j].mspec);

                info->fields [j].field = field;

                if ((mono_class_num_fields (klass) == 1) && (m_class_get_instance_size (klass) == MONO_ABI_SIZEOF (MonoObject)) &&
                        (strcmp (mono_field_get_name (field), "$PRIVATE$") == 0)) {
                        /* This field is a hack inserted by MCS to empty structures */
                        continue;
                }

                switch (layout) {
                case TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_AUTO_LAYOUT:
                case TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_SEQUENTIAL_LAYOUT:
                        size = mono_marshal_type_size (field->type, info->fields [j].mspec, 
                                                       &align, TRUE, m_class_is_unicode (klass));
                        align = m_class_get_packing_size (klass) ? MIN (m_class_get_packing_size (klass), align): align;
                        min_align = MAX (align, min_align);
                        info->fields [j].offset = info->native_size;
                        info->fields [j].offset += align - 1;
                        info->fields [j].offset &= ~(align - 1);
                        info->native_size = info->fields [j].offset + size;
                        break;
                case TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_EXPLICIT_LAYOUT:
                        size = mono_marshal_type_size (field->type, info->fields [j].mspec, 
                                                       &align, TRUE, m_class_is_unicode (klass));
                        min_align = MAX (align, min_align);
                        info->fields [j].offset = field->offset - MONO_ABI_SIZEOF (MonoObject);
                        info->native_size = MAX (info->native_size, info->fields [j].offset + size);
                        break;
                }       
                j++;
        }

        if (m_class_get_byval_arg (klass)->type == MONO_TYPE_PTR)
                info->native_size = TARGET_SIZEOF_VOID_P;

        if (layout != TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_AUTO_LAYOUT) {
                info->native_size = MAX (native_size, info->native_size);
                /*
                 * If the provided Size is equal or larger than the calculated size, and there
                 * was no Pack attribute, we set min_align to 1 to avoid native_size being increased
                 */
                if (layout == TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_EXPLICIT_LAYOUT) {
                        if (native_size && native_size == info->native_size && m_class_get_packing_size (klass) == 0)
                                min_align = 1;
                        else
                                min_align = MIN (min_align, packing);
                }
        }

        if (info->native_size & (min_align - 1)) {
                info->native_size += min_align - 1;
                info->native_size &= ~(min_align - 1);
        }

        info->min_align = min_align;

        /* Update the class's blittable info, if the layouts don't match */
        if (info->native_size != mono_class_value_size (klass, NULL)) {
                mono_class_set_nonblittable (klass); /* FIXME - how is this justified? what if we previously thought the class was blittable? */
        }

        /* If this is an array type, ensure that we have element info */
        if (m_class_get_rank (klass) && !mono_marshal_is_loading_type_info (m_class_get_element_class (klass))) {
                mono_marshal_load_type_info (m_class_get_element_class (klass));
        }

        loads_list = (GSList *)mono_native_tls_get_value (load_type_info_tls_id);
        loads_list = g_slist_remove (loads_list, klass);
        mono_native_tls_set_value (load_type_info_tls_id, loads_list);

        mono_marshal_lock ();
        MonoMarshalType *info2 = mono_class_get_marshal_info (klass);
        if (!info2) {
                /*We do double-checking locking on marshal_info */
                mono_memory_barrier ();
                mono_class_set_marshal_info (klass, info);
                ++class_marshal_info_count;
                info2 = info;
        }
        mono_marshal_unlock ();

        return info2;
}

/**
 * mono_class_native_size:
 * \param klass a class 
 * \returns the native size of an object instance (when marshaled 
 * to unmanaged code) 
 */
gint32
mono_class_native_size (MonoClass *klass, guint32 *align)
{
        MonoMarshalType *info = mono_class_get_marshal_info (klass);
        if (!info) {
                if (mono_marshal_is_loading_type_info (klass)) {
                        if (align)
                                *align = 0;
                        return 0;
                } else {
                        mono_marshal_load_type_info (klass);
                }
                info = mono_class_get_marshal_info (klass);
        }

        if (align)
                *align = info->min_align;

        return info->native_size;
}

/*
 * mono_type_native_stack_size:
 * @t: the type to return the size it uses on the stack
 *
 * Returns: the number of bytes required to hold an instance of this
 * type on the native stack
 */
int
mono_type_native_stack_size (MonoType *t, guint32 *align)
{
        guint32 tmp;

        g_assert (t != NULL);

        if (!align)
                align = &tmp;

        if (t->byref) {
                *align = TARGET_SIZEOF_VOID_P;
                return TARGET_SIZEOF_VOID_P;
        }

        switch (t->type){
        case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
        case MONO_TYPE_CHAR:
        case MONO_TYPE_I1:
        case MONO_TYPE_U1:
        case MONO_TYPE_I2:
        case MONO_TYPE_U2:
        case MONO_TYPE_I4:
        case MONO_TYPE_U4:
                *align = 4;
                return 4;
        case MONO_TYPE_I:
        case MONO_TYPE_U:
        case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
        case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
        case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
        case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY:
        case MONO_TYPE_PTR:
        case MONO_TYPE_FNPTR:
        case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:
                *align = TARGET_SIZEOF_VOID_P;
                return TARGET_SIZEOF_VOID_P;
        case MONO_TYPE_R4:
                *align = 4;
                return 4;
        case MONO_TYPE_R8:
                *align = MONO_ABI_ALIGNOF (double);
                return 8;
        case MONO_TYPE_I8:
        case MONO_TYPE_U8:
                *align = MONO_ABI_ALIGNOF (gint64);
                return 8;
        case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST:
                if (!mono_type_generic_inst_is_valuetype (t)) {
                        *align = TARGET_SIZEOF_VOID_P;
                        return TARGET_SIZEOF_VOID_P;
                } 
                /* Fall through */
        case MONO_TYPE_TYPEDBYREF:
        case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE: {
                guint32 size;
                MonoClass *klass = mono_class_from_mono_type_internal (t);

                if (m_class_is_enumtype (klass))
                        return mono_type_native_stack_size (mono_class_enum_basetype_internal (klass), align);
                else {
                        size = mono_class_native_size (klass, align);
                        *align = *align + 3;
                        *align &= ~3;
                        
                        size +=  3;
                        size &= ~3;

                        return size;
                }
        }
        default:
                g_error ("type 0x%02x unknown", t->type);
        }
        return 0;
}

/**
 * mono_marshal_type_size:
 */
gint32
mono_marshal_type_size (MonoType *type, MonoMarshalSpec *mspec, guint32 *align,
                        gboolean as_field, gboolean unicode)
{
        gint32 padded_size;
        MonoMarshalNative native_type = (MonoMarshalNative)mono_type_to_unmanaged (type, mspec, as_field, unicode, NULL);
        MonoClass *klass;

        switch (native_type) {
        case MONO_NATIVE_BOOLEAN:
                *align = 4;
                return 4;
        case MONO_NATIVE_I1:
        case MONO_NATIVE_U1:
                *align = 1;
                return 1;
        case MONO_NATIVE_I2:
        case MONO_NATIVE_U2:
        case MONO_NATIVE_VARIANTBOOL:
                *align = 2;
                return 2;
        case MONO_NATIVE_I4:
        case MONO_NATIVE_U4:
        case MONO_NATIVE_ERROR:
                *align = 4;
                return 4;
        case MONO_NATIVE_I8:
        case MONO_NATIVE_U8:
                *align = MONO_ABI_ALIGNOF (gint64);
                return 8;
        case MONO_NATIVE_R4:
                *align = 4;
                return 4;
        case MONO_NATIVE_R8:
                *align = MONO_ABI_ALIGNOF (double);
                return 8;
        case MONO_NATIVE_INT:
        case MONO_NATIVE_UINT:
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPSTR:
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPWSTR:
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPTSTR:
        case MONO_NATIVE_BSTR:
        case MONO_NATIVE_ANSIBSTR:
        case MONO_NATIVE_TBSTR:
        case MONO_NATIVE_UTF8STR:
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPARRAY:
        case MONO_NATIVE_SAFEARRAY:
        case MONO_NATIVE_IUNKNOWN:
        case MONO_NATIVE_IDISPATCH:
        case MONO_NATIVE_INTERFACE:
        case MONO_NATIVE_ASANY:
        case MONO_NATIVE_FUNC:
        case MONO_NATIVE_LPSTRUCT:
                *align = MONO_ABI_ALIGNOF (gpointer);
                return TARGET_SIZEOF_VOID_P;
        case MONO_NATIVE_STRUCT: 
                klass = mono_class_from_mono_type_internal (type);
                if (klass == mono_defaults.object_class &&
                        (mspec && mspec->native == MONO_NATIVE_STRUCT)) {
                *align = 16;
                return 16;
                }
                padded_size = mono_class_native_size (klass, align);
                if (padded_size == 0)
                        padded_size = 1;
                return padded_size;
        case MONO_NATIVE_BYVALTSTR: {
                int esize = unicode ? 2: 1;
                g_assert (mspec);
                *align = esize;
                return mspec->data.array_data.num_elem * esize;
        }
        case MONO_NATIVE_BYVALARRAY: {
                // FIXME: Have to consider ArraySubType
                int esize;
                klass = mono_class_from_mono_type_internal (type);
                if (m_class_get_element_class (klass) == mono_defaults.char_class) {
                        esize = unicode ? 2 : 1;
                        *align = esize;
                } else {
                        esize = mono_class_native_size (m_class_get_element_class (klass), align);
                }
                g_assert (mspec);
                return mspec->data.array_data.num_elem * esize;
        }
        case MONO_NATIVE_CUSTOM:
                *align = TARGET_SIZEOF_VOID_P;
                return TARGET_SIZEOF_VOID_P;
                break;
        case MONO_NATIVE_CURRENCY:
        case MONO_NATIVE_VBBYREFSTR:
        default:
                g_error ("native type %02x not implemented", native_type); 
                break;
        }
        g_assert_not_reached ();
        return 0;
}

/**
 * mono_marshal_asany:
 * This is a JIT icall, it sets the pending exception (in wrapper) and returns NULL on error.
 */
gpointer
mono_marshal_asany_impl (MonoObjectHandle o, MonoMarshalNative string_encoding, int param_attrs, MonoError *error)
{
        if (MONO_HANDLE_IS_NULL (o))
                return NULL;

        MonoType *t = m_class_get_byval_arg (mono_handle_class (o));
        switch (t->type) {
        case MONO_TYPE_I4:
        case MONO_TYPE_U4:
        case MONO_TYPE_PTR:
        case MONO_TYPE_I1:
        case MONO_TYPE_U1:
        case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
        case MONO_TYPE_I2:
        case MONO_TYPE_U2:
        case MONO_TYPE_CHAR:
        case MONO_TYPE_I8:
        case MONO_TYPE_U8:
        case MONO_TYPE_R4:
        case MONO_TYPE_R8:
                return mono_handle_unbox_unsafe (o);
        case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
                switch (string_encoding) {
                case MONO_NATIVE_LPWSTR:
                        return mono_marshal_string_to_utf16_copy_impl (MONO_HANDLE_CAST (MonoString, o), error);
                case MONO_NATIVE_LPSTR:
                case MONO_NATIVE_UTF8STR:
                        // Same code path, because in Mono, we treated strings as Utf8
                        return mono_string_to_utf8str_impl (MONO_HANDLE_CAST (MonoString, o), error);
                default:
                        g_warning ("marshaling conversion %d not implemented", string_encoding);
                        g_assert_not_reached ();
                }
                break;
        case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
        case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE: {

                MonoClass *klass = t->data.klass;

                if (mono_class_is_auto_layout (klass))
                        break;

                if (m_class_is_valuetype (klass) && (mono_class_is_explicit_layout (klass) || m_class_is_blittable (klass) || m_class_is_enumtype (klass)))
                        return mono_handle_unbox_unsafe (o);

                gpointer res = mono_marshal_alloc (mono_class_native_size (klass, NULL), error);
                return_val_if_nok (error, NULL);

                if (!((param_attrs & PARAM_ATTRIBUTE_OUT) && !(param_attrs & PARAM_ATTRIBUTE_IN))) {
                        MonoMethod *method = mono_marshal_get_struct_to_ptr (mono_handle_class (o));
                        MonoBoolean delete_old = FALSE;
                        gpointer pa [ ] = { MONO_HANDLE_RAW (o), &res, &delete_old };

                        mono_runtime_invoke_handle_void (method, NULL_HANDLE, pa, error);
                        return_val_if_nok (error, NULL);
                }

                return res;
        }
        default:
                break;
        }
        mono_error_set_argument (error, "", "No PInvoke conversion exists for value passed to Object-typed parameter.");
        return NULL;
}

/**
 * mono_marshal_free_asany:
 * This is a JIT icall, it sets the pending exception (in wrapper)
 */
void
mono_marshal_free_asany_impl (MonoObjectHandle o, gpointer ptr, MonoMarshalNative string_encoding, int param_attrs, MonoError *error)
{
        MonoType *t;
        MonoClass *klass;

        if (MONO_HANDLE_IS_NULL (o))
                return;

        t = m_class_get_byval_arg (mono_handle_class (o));
        switch (t->type) {
        case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
                switch (string_encoding) {
                case MONO_NATIVE_LPWSTR:
                case MONO_NATIVE_LPSTR:
                case MONO_NATIVE_UTF8STR:
                        mono_marshal_free (ptr);
                        break;
                default:
                        g_warning ("marshaling conversion %d not implemented", string_encoding);
                        g_assert_not_reached ();
                }
                break;
        case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
        case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE: {
                klass = t->data.klass;

                if (m_class_is_valuetype (klass) && (mono_class_is_explicit_layout (klass) || m_class_is_blittable (klass) || m_class_is_enumtype (klass)))
                        break;

                if (param_attrs & PARAM_ATTRIBUTE_OUT) {
                        MonoMethod *method = mono_marshal_get_ptr_to_struct (mono_handle_class (o));
                        gpointer pa [2];

                        pa [0] = &ptr;
                        pa [1] = MONO_HANDLE_RAW (o);

                        mono_runtime_invoke_checked (method, NULL, pa, error);
                        if (!mono_error_ok (error))
                                return;
                }

                if (!((param_attrs & PARAM_ATTRIBUTE_OUT) && !(param_attrs & PARAM_ATTRIBUTE_IN))) {
                        mono_struct_delete_old (klass, (char *)ptr);
                }

                mono_marshal_free (ptr);
                break;
        }
        default:
                break;
        }
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_generic_array_helper_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethod *method, MonoMethodSignature *csig)
{
}
#endif

/*
 * mono_marshal_get_generic_array_helper:
 *
 *   Return a wrapper which is used to implement the implicit interfaces on arrays.
 * The wrapper routes calls to METHOD, which is one of the InternalArray_ methods in Array.
 */
MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_generic_array_helper (MonoClass *klass, const gchar *name, MonoMethod *method)
{
        MonoMethodSignature *sig, *csig;
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethod *res;
        WrapperInfo *info;

        mb = mono_mb_new_no_dup_name (klass, name, MONO_WRAPPER_MANAGED_TO_MANAGED);
        mb->method->slot = -1;

        mb->method->flags = METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_PRIVATE | METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL |
                METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_NEW_SLOT | METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_HIDE_BY_SIG | METHOD_ATTRIBUTE_FINAL;

        sig = mono_method_signature_internal (method);
        csig = mono_metadata_signature_dup_full (get_method_image (method), sig);
        csig->generic_param_count = 0;

        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_generic_array_helper (mb, method, csig);

        /* We can corlib internal methods */
        get_marshal_cb ()->mb_skip_visibility (mb);

        info = mono_wrapper_info_create (mb, WRAPPER_SUBTYPE_GENERIC_ARRAY_HELPER);
        info->d.generic_array_helper.method = method;
        res = mono_mb_create (mb, csig, csig->param_count + 16, info);

        mono_mb_free (mb);

        return res;
}

/*
 * The mono_win32_compat_* functions are implementations of inline
 * Windows kernel32 APIs, which are DllImport-able under MS.NET,
 * although not exported by kernel32.
 *
 * We map the appropiate kernel32 entries to these functions using
 * dllmaps declared in the global etc/mono/config.
 */

void
mono_win32_compat_CopyMemory (gpointer dest, gconstpointer source, gsize length)
{
        if (!dest || !source)
                return;

        memcpy (dest, source, length);
}

void
mono_win32_compat_FillMemory (gpointer dest, gsize length, guchar fill)
{
        memset (dest, fill, length);
}

void
mono_win32_compat_MoveMemory (gpointer dest, gconstpointer source, gsize length)
{
        if (!dest || !source)
                return;

        memmove (dest, source, length);
}

void
mono_win32_compat_ZeroMemory (gpointer dest, gsize length)
{
        memset (dest, 0, length);
}

void
mono_marshal_find_nonzero_bit_offset (guint8 *buf, int len, int *byte_offset, guint8 *bitmask)
{
        int i;
        guint8 byte;

        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
                if (buf [i])
                        break;

        g_assert (i < len);

        byte = buf [i];
        while (byte && !(byte & 1))
                byte >>= 1;
        g_assert (byte == 1);

        *byte_offset = i;
        *bitmask = buf [i];
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_thunk_invoke_wrapper_noilgen (MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethod *method, MonoMethodSignature *csig)
{
}
#endif

MonoMethod *
mono_marshal_get_thunk_invoke_wrapper (MonoMethod *method)
{
        MonoMethodBuilder *mb;
        MonoMethodSignature *sig, *csig;
        MonoImage *image;
        MonoClass *klass;
        GHashTable *cache;
        MonoMethod *res;
        int i, param_count, sig_size;

        g_assert (method);

        klass = method->klass;
        image = m_class_get_image (klass);

        cache = get_cache (&mono_method_get_wrapper_cache (method)->thunk_invoke_cache, mono_aligned_addr_hash, NULL);

        if ((res = mono_marshal_find_in_cache (cache, method)))
                return res;

        MonoType *object_type = mono_get_object_type ();

        sig = mono_method_signature_internal (method);
        mb = mono_mb_new (klass, method->name, MONO_WRAPPER_NATIVE_TO_MANAGED);

        /* add "this" and exception param */
        param_count = sig->param_count + sig->hasthis + 1;

        /* dup & extend signature */
        csig = mono_metadata_signature_alloc (image, param_count);
        sig_size = MONO_SIZEOF_METHOD_SIGNATURE + sig->param_count * sizeof (MonoType *);
        memcpy (csig, sig, sig_size);
        csig->param_count = param_count;
        csig->hasthis = 0;
        csig->pinvoke = 1;
        csig->call_convention = MONO_CALL_DEFAULT;

        if (sig->hasthis) {
                /* add "this" */
                csig->params [0] = m_class_get_byval_arg (klass);
                /* move params up by one */
                for (i = 0; i < sig->param_count; i++)
                        csig->params [i + 1] = sig->params [i];
        }

        /* setup exception param as byref+[out] */
        csig->params [param_count - 1] = mono_metadata_type_dup (image, m_class_get_byval_arg (mono_defaults.exception_class));
        csig->params [param_count - 1]->byref = 1;
        csig->params [param_count - 1]->attrs = PARAM_ATTRIBUTE_OUT;

        /* convert struct return to object */
        if (MONO_TYPE_ISSTRUCT (sig->ret))
                csig->ret = object_type;

        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_thunk_invoke_wrapper (mb, method, csig);

        res = mono_mb_create_and_cache (cache, method, mb, csig, param_count + 16);
        mono_mb_free (mb);

        return res;
}

static void
clear_runtime_invoke_method_cache (GHashTable *table, MonoMethod *method)
{
        MonoWrapperMethodCacheKey hash_key = {method, FALSE, FALSE};
        /*
         * Since we have a small set of possible keys, remove each one separately, thus
         * avoiding the traversal of the entire hash table, when using foreach_remove.
         */
        g_hash_table_remove (table, &hash_key);
        hash_key.need_direct_wrapper = TRUE;
        g_hash_table_remove (table, &hash_key);
        hash_key.virtual_ = TRUE;
        g_hash_table_remove (table, &hash_key);
        hash_key.need_direct_wrapper = FALSE;
        g_hash_table_remove (table, &hash_key);
}

/*
 * mono_marshal_free_dynamic_wrappers:
 *
 *   Free wrappers of the dynamic method METHOD.
 */
void
mono_marshal_free_dynamic_wrappers (MonoMethod *method)
{
        MonoImage *image = get_method_image (method);

        g_assert (method_is_dynamic (method));

        /* This could be called during shutdown */
        if (marshal_mutex_initialized)
                mono_marshal_lock ();
        /* 
         * FIXME: We currently leak the wrappers. Freeing them would be tricky as
         * they could be shared with other methods ?
         */
        if (image->wrapper_caches.runtime_invoke_method_cache)
                clear_runtime_invoke_method_cache (image->wrapper_caches.runtime_invoke_method_cache, method);
        if (image->wrapper_caches.delegate_abstract_invoke_cache)
                g_hash_table_foreach_remove (image->wrapper_caches.delegate_abstract_invoke_cache, signature_pointer_pair_matches_pointer, method);
        // FIXME: Need to clear the caches in other images as well
        if (image->delegate_bound_static_invoke_cache)
                g_hash_table_remove (image->delegate_bound_static_invoke_cache, mono_method_signature_internal (method));

        if (marshal_mutex_initialized)
                mono_marshal_unlock ();
}

MonoObject*
mono_marshal_get_type_object (MonoClass *klass)
{
        ERROR_DECL (error);
        MonoType *type = m_class_get_byval_arg (klass);
        MonoObject *result = (MonoObject*)mono_type_get_object_checked (mono_domain_get (), type, error);
        mono_error_set_pending_exception (error);
        return result;
}

void
mono_marshal_emit_native_wrapper (MonoImage *image, MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethodSignature *sig, MonoMethodPInvoke *piinfo, MonoMarshalSpec **mspecs, gpointer func, gboolean aot, gboolean check_exceptions, gboolean func_param)
{
        get_marshal_cb ()->emit_native_wrapper (image, mb, sig, piinfo, mspecs, func, aot, check_exceptions, func_param);
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
emit_native_wrapper_noilgen (MonoImage *image, MonoMethodBuilder *mb, MonoMethodSignature *sig, MonoMethodPInvoke *piinfo, MonoMarshalSpec **mspecs, gpointer func, gboolean aot, gboolean check_exceptions, gboolean func_param)
{
}
#endif

static MonoMarshalCallbacks marshal_cb;
static gboolean cb_inited = FALSE;

void
mono_install_marshal_callbacks (MonoMarshalCallbacks *cb)
{
        g_assert (!cb_inited);
        g_assert (cb->version == MONO_MARSHAL_CALLBACKS_VERSION);
        memcpy (&marshal_cb, cb, sizeof (MonoMarshalCallbacks));
        cb_inited = TRUE;
}

#ifndef ENABLE_ILGEN
static void
install_noilgen (void)
{
        MonoMarshalCallbacks cb;
        cb.version = MONO_MARSHAL_CALLBACKS_VERSION;
        cb.emit_marshal_array = emit_marshal_array_noilgen;
        cb.emit_marshal_boolean = emit_marshal_boolean_noilgen;
        cb.emit_marshal_ptr = emit_marshal_ptr_noilgen;
        cb.emit_marshal_char = emit_marshal_char_noilgen;
        cb.emit_marshal_scalar = emit_marshal_scalar_noilgen;
        cb.emit_marshal_custom = emit_marshal_custom_noilgen;
        cb.emit_marshal_asany = emit_marshal_asany_noilgen;
        cb.emit_marshal_vtype = emit_marshal_vtype_noilgen;
        cb.emit_marshal_string = emit_marshal_string_noilgen;
        cb.emit_marshal_safehandle = emit_marshal_safehandle_noilgen;
        cb.emit_marshal_handleref = emit_marshal_handleref_noilgen;
        cb.emit_marshal_object = emit_marshal_object_noilgen;
        cb.emit_marshal_variant = emit_marshal_variant_noilgen;
        cb.emit_castclass = emit_castclass_noilgen;
        cb.emit_struct_to_ptr = emit_struct_to_ptr_noilgen;
        cb.emit_ptr_to_struct = emit_ptr_to_struct_noilgen;
        cb.emit_isinst = emit_isinst_noilgen;
        cb.emit_virtual_stelemref = emit_virtual_stelemref_noilgen;
        cb.emit_stelemref = emit_stelemref_noilgen;
        cb.emit_array_address = emit_array_address_noilgen;
        cb.emit_native_wrapper = emit_native_wrapper_noilgen;
        cb.emit_managed_wrapper = emit_managed_wrapper_noilgen;
        cb.emit_runtime_invoke_body = emit_runtime_invoke_body_noilgen;
        cb.emit_runtime_invoke_dynamic = emit_runtime_invoke_dynamic_noilgen;
        cb.emit_delegate_begin_invoke = emit_delegate_begin_invoke_noilgen;
        cb.emit_delegate_end_invoke = emit_delegate_end_invoke_noilgen;
        cb.emit_delegate_invoke_internal = emit_delegate_invoke_internal_noilgen;
        cb.emit_synchronized_wrapper = emit_synchronized_wrapper_noilgen;
        cb.emit_unbox_wrapper = emit_unbox_wrapper_noilgen;
        cb.emit_array_accessor_wrapper = emit_array_accessor_wrapper_noilgen;
        cb.emit_generic_array_helper = emit_generic_array_helper_noilgen;
        cb.emit_thunk_invoke_wrapper = emit_thunk_invoke_wrapper_noilgen;
        cb.emit_create_string_hack = emit_create_string_hack_noilgen;
        cb.emit_native_icall_wrapper = emit_native_icall_wrapper_noilgen;
        cb.emit_icall_wrapper = emit_icall_wrapper_noilgen;
        cb.emit_return = emit_return_noilgen;
        cb.emit_vtfixup_ftnptr = emit_vtfixup_ftnptr_noilgen;
        cb.mb_skip_visibility = mb_skip_visibility_noilgen;
        cb.mb_set_dynamic = mb_set_dynamic_noilgen;
        cb.mb_emit_exception = mb_emit_exception_noilgen;
        cb.mb_emit_exception_for_error = mb_emit_exception_for_error_noilgen;
        cb.mb_emit_byte = mb_emit_byte_noilgen;
        mono_install_marshal_callbacks (&cb);
}
#endif

static MonoMarshalCallbacks *
get_marshal_cb (void)
{
        if (G_UNLIKELY (!cb_inited)) {
#ifdef ENABLE_ILGEN
                mono_marshal_ilgen_init ();
#else
                install_noilgen ();
#endif
        }
        return &marshal_cb;
}