8 1. Compilation and Installation
9 ===============================
14 To build Mono, you will need the following components:
18 Available from: http://www.freedesktop.org/Software/pkgconfig
22 Available from: http://www.gtk.org/
24 On Itanium, you must obtain libunwind:
26 http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/linux/libunwind/download.php4
28 On Solaris, make sure that you used GNU tar to unpack this package, as
29 Solaris tar will not unpack this correctly, and you will get strange errors.
31 On Solaris, make sure that you use the GNU toolchain to build the software.
33 Optional dependencies:
37 If you want to get support for System.Drawing, you will need to get
42 This library and the development headers are required for compression
43 file support in the 2.0 profile.
45 b. Building the Software
46 ------------------------
48 If you obtained this package as an officially released tarball,
49 this is very simple, use configure and make:
51 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
55 Mono supports a JIT engine on x86, SPARC, SPARCv9, S/390,
56 S/390x, AMD64, ARM and PowerPC systems.
58 If you obtained this as a snapshot, you will need an existing
59 Mono installation. To upgrade your installation, unpack both
62 tar xzf mcs-XXXX.tar.gz
63 tar xzf mono-XXXX.tar.gz
67 ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr/local
70 The Mono build system is silent for most compilation commands.
71 To enable a more verbose compile (for example, to pinpoint
72 problems in your makefiles or your system) pass the V=1 flag to make, like this:
78 c. Building the software from SVN
79 ---------------------------------
81 If you are building the software from SVN, make sure that you
82 have up-to-date mcs and mono sources:
84 svn co svn+ssh://USER@mono-cvs.ximian.com/source/trunk/mono
85 svn co svn+ssh://USER@mono-cvs.ximian.com/source/trunk/mcs
87 Then, go into the mono directory, and configure:
90 ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr/local
93 For people with non-standard installations of the auto* utils and of
94 pkg-config (common on misconfigured OSX and windows boxes), you could get
97 ./configure: line 19176: syntax error near unexpected token `PKG_CHECK_MODULES(BASE_DEPENDENCIES,' ...
99 This means that you need to set the ACLOCAL_FLAGS environment var
100 when invoking autogen.sh, like this:
102 ACLOCAL_FLAGS="-I $acprefix/share/aclocal" ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr/loca
104 where $acprefix is the prefix where aclocal has been installed.
106 This will automatically go into the mcs/ tree and build the
109 This assumes that you have a working mono installation, and that
110 there's a C# compiler named 'mcs', and a corresponding IL
111 runtime called 'mono'. You can use two make variables
112 EXTERNAL_MCS and EXTERNAL_RUNTIME to override these. e.g., you
115 make EXTERNAL_MCS=/foo/bar/mcs EXTERNAL_RUNTIME=/somewhere/else/mono
117 If you don't have a working Mono installation
118 ---------------------------------------------
120 If you don't have a working Mono installation, an obvious choice
121 is to install the latest released packages of 'mono' for your
122 distribution and running autogen.sh; make; make install in the
123 mono module directory.
125 You can also try a slightly more risky approach: this may not work,
126 so start from the released tarball as detailed above.
128 This works by first getting the latest version of the 'monolite'
129 distribution, which contains just enough to run the 'mcs'
130 compiler. You do this with:
132 # Run the following line after ./autogen.sh
133 make get-monolite-latest
135 This will download and automatically gunzip and untar the
136 tarball, and place the files appropriately so that you can then
139 make EXTERNAL_MCS=${PWD}/mcs/class/lib/monolite/gmcs.exe
141 And that will use the files downloaded by 'make get-monolite-latest.
143 Testing and Installation
144 ------------------------
146 You can run (part of) the mono and mcs testsuites with the command:
150 All tests should pass.
152 If you want more extensive tests, including those that test the
153 class libraries, you need to re-run 'configure' with the
154 '--enable-nunit-tests' flag, and try
158 Expect to find a few testsuite failures. As a sanity check, you
159 can compare the failures you got with
161 http://go-mono.com/tests/displayTestResults.php
163 You can now install mono with:
167 Failure to follow these steps may result in a broken installation.
169 d. Common Configuration Options
170 -------------------------------
172 The following are the configuration options that someone
173 building Mono might want to use:
177 Generational GC support: Used to enable or disable the
178 compilation of a Mono runtime with the SGen garbage collector.
180 On platforms that support it, after building Mono, you
181 will have both a mono binary and a mono-sgen binary.
182 Mono uses Boehm, while mono-sgen uses the Simple
185 --with-gc=[boehm, included, sgen, none]
187 Selects the default Boehm garbage collector engine to
188 use, the default is the "included" value.
191 This is the default value, and its
192 the most feature complete, it will allow Mono
193 to use typed allocations and support the
196 It is essentially a slightly modified Boehm GC
199 This is used to use a system-install Boehm GC,
200 it is useful to test new features available in
201 Boehm GC, but we do not recommend that people
202 use this, as it disables a few features.
205 Disables the inclusion of a garbage
208 --with-tls=__thread,pthread
210 Controls how Mono should access thread local storage,
211 pthread forces Mono to use the pthread APIs, while
212 __thread uses compiler-optimized access to it.
214 Although __thread is faster, it requires support from
215 the compiler, kernel and libc. Old Linux systems do
216 not support with __thread.
218 This value is typically pre-configured and there is no
219 need to set it, unless you are trying to debug a
222 --with-sigaltstack=yes,no
224 Experimental: Use at your own risk, it is known to
225 cause problems with garbage collection and is hard to
226 reproduce those bugs.
228 This controls whether Mono will install a special
229 signal handler to handle stack overflows. If set to
230 "yes", it will turn stack overflows into the
231 StackOverflowException. Otherwise when a stack
232 overflow happens, your program will receive a
235 The configure script will try to detect if your
236 operating system supports this. Some older Linux
237 systems do not support this feature, or you might want
238 to override the auto-detection.
240 --with-static_mono=yes,no
242 This controls whether `mono' should link against a
243 static library (libmono.a) or a shared library
246 This defaults to yes, and will improve the performance
247 of the `mono' program.
249 This only affects the `mono' binary, the shared
250 library libmono.so will always be produced for
251 developers that want to embed the runtime in their
254 --with-xen-opt=yes,no
256 The default value for this is `yes', and it makes Mono
257 generate code which might be slightly slower on
258 average systems, but the resulting executable will run
259 faster under the Xen virtualization system.
261 --with-large-heap=yes,no
263 Enable support for GC heaps larger than 3GB.
265 This value is set to `no' by default.
267 --enable-small-config=yes,no
269 Enable some tweaks to reduce memory usage and disk footprint at
270 the expense of some capabilities. Typically this means that the
271 number of threads that can be created is limited (256), that the
272 maxmimum heap size is also reduced (256 MB) and other such limitations
273 that still make mono useful, but more suitable to embedded devices
274 (like mobile phones).
276 This value is set to `no' by default.
278 --with-ikvm-native=yes,no
280 Controls whether the IKVM JNI interface library is
281 built or not. This is used if you are planning on
282 using the IKVM Java Virtual machine with Mono.
284 This defaults to `yes'.
286 --with-profile4=yes,no
288 Whether you want to build the 4.x profile libraries
291 It defaults to `yes'.
293 --with-moonlight=yes,no
295 Whether you want to generate the Silverlight/Moonlight
296 libraries and toolchain in addition to the default
299 This will produce the `smcs' compiler which will reference
300 the Silverlight modified assemblies (mscorlib.dll,
301 System.dll, System.Code.dll and System.Xml.Core.dll) and turn
302 on the LINQ extensions for the compiler.
304 --with-libgdiplus=installed,sibling,<path>
306 This is used to configure where should Mono look for
307 libgdiplus when running the System.Drawing tests.
309 It defaults to `installed', which means that the
310 library is available to Mono through the regular
313 `sibling' can be used to specify that a libgdiplus
314 that resides as a sibling of this directory (mono)
317 Or you can specify a path to a libgdiplus.
319 --disable-shared-memory
321 Use this option to disable the use of shared memory in
322 Mono (this is equivalent to setting the MONO_DISABLE_SHM
323 environment variable, although this removes the feature
326 Disabling the shared memory support will disable certain
327 features like cross-process named mutexes.
329 --enable-minimal=LIST
331 Use this feature to specify optional runtime
332 components that you might not want to include. This
333 is only useful for developers embedding Mono that
334 require a subset of Mono functionality.
336 The list is a comma-separated list of components that
337 should be removed, these are:
340 Disables support for the Ahead of Time
344 Support for the Mono.Management assembly and the
345 VMAttach API (allowing code to be injected into
349 Disables COM support.
352 Drop debugging support.
355 Disables support for System.Decimal.
358 By default Mono comes with a full table
359 of messages for error codes. This feature
360 turns off uncommon error messages and reduces
364 Generics support. Disabling this will not
365 allow Mono to run any 2.0 libraries or
366 code that contains generics.
369 Removes the JIT engine from the build, this reduces
370 the executable size, and requires that all code
371 executed by the virtual machine be compiled with
372 Full AOT before execution.
375 Disables support for large assemblies.
378 Disables support for debug logging.
381 Support for Platform Invocation services,
382 disabling this will drop support for any
383 libraries using DllImport.
386 Removes support for MONO_IOMAP, the environment
387 variables for simplifying porting applications that
388 are case-insensitive and that mix the Unix and Windows path separators.
391 Disables support for the default profiler.
394 Drop System.Reflection.Emit support
396 reflection_emit_save:
397 Drop support for saving dynamically created
398 assemblies (AssemblyBuilderAccess.Save) in
399 System.Reflection.Emit.
402 Disables support for AppDomain's shadow copies
403 (you can disable this if you do not plan on
407 Disables support for the Mono.SIMD intrinsics
411 Disables compilation for the SSA optimization
412 framework, and the various SSA-based
418 This enables the use of LLVM as a code generation engine
419 for Mono. The LLVM code generator and optimizer will be
420 used instead of Mono's built-in code generator for both
421 Just in Time and Ahead of Time compilations.
423 See the http://www.mono-project.com/Mono_LLVM for the
424 full details and up-to-date information on this feature.
426 You will need to have an LLVM built that Mono can link
429 The --enable-loadedllvm variant will make the llvm backend
430 into a runtime-loadable module instead of linking it directly
431 into the main mono binary.
435 This enables the use arrays whose indexes are larger
438 By default Mono has the same limitation as .NET on
439 Win32 and Win64 and limits array indexes to 32-bit
440 values (even on 64-bit systems).
442 In certain scenarios where large arrays are required,
443 you can pass this flag and Mono will be built to
444 support 64-bit arrays.
446 This is not the default as it breaks the C embedding
447 ABI that we have exposed through the Mono development
450 --enable-parallel-mark
452 Use this option to enable the garbage collector to use
453 multiple CPUs to do its work. This helps performance
454 on multi-CPU machines as the work is divided across CPUS.
456 This option is not currently the default as we have
457 not done much testing with Mono.
461 On Solaris and MacOS X builds a version of the Mono
462 runtime that contains DTrace probes and can
463 participate in the system profiling using DTrace.
468 Mono uses /dev/random to obtain good random data for
469 any source that requires random numbers. If your
470 system does not support this, you might want to
473 There are a number of runtime options to control this
474 also, see the man page.
478 This configures the Mono compiler to generate code
479 suitable to be used by Google's Native Client:
481 http://code.google.com/p/nativeclient/
483 Currently this is used with Mono's AOT engine as
484 Native Client does not support JIT engines yet.
489 Once you have installed the software, you can run a few programs:
503 See the man pages for mono(1), mint(1), monodis(1) and mcs(2)
510 Technical documents about the Mono runtime.
513 Configuration files installed as part of the Mono runtime.
516 The core of the Mono Runtime.
519 The object system and metadata reader.
522 The Just in Time Compiler.
525 CIL executable Disassembler
528 Common code for the JIT and the interpreter.
531 The I/O layer and system abstraction for
532 emulating the .NET IO model.
535 Common Intermediate Representation, XML
536 definition of the CIL bytecodes.
539 Interpreter for CLI executables (obsolete).
542 Architecture specific portions.
546 Manual pages for the various Mono commands and programs.
550 Some simple sample programs on uses of the Mono
551 runtime as an embedded library.
555 Scripts used to invoke Mono and the corresponding program.
559 A directory that contains the Makefiles that link the
560 mono/ and mcs/ build systems.
564 If the directory ../olive is present (as an
565 independent checkout) from the Mono module, that
566 directory is automatically configured to share the
567 same prefix than this module gets.