2 .TH MC 1 "%DATE_OF_MAN_PAGE%" "MC Version %DISTR_VERSION%" "GNU Midnight Commander"
5 mc \- Visual shell for Unix\-like systems.
9 [\-abcCdfhPstuUVx] [\-l log] [dir1 [dir2]] [\-e [file] ...] [\-v file]
12 GNU Midnight Commander is a directory browser/file manager for
13 Unix\-like operating systems.
18 .I \-a, \-\-stickchars
19 Disable usage of graphic characters for line drawing.
22 Force black and white display.
25 Force color mode, please check the section
31 .I \-C arg, \-\-colors=arg
32 Specify a different color set in the command line. The format of arg is
39 .I \-S arg, \-\-skin=arg
40 Specify a name of skin in the command line. Technology of skins is
48 Disable mouse support.
50 .I \-e [file], \-\-edit[=file]
51 Start the internal editor. If the file is specified, open it on
56 Display the compiled\-in search paths for Midnight Commander files.
58 .I \-F, \-\-datadir\-info
59 Display extended info about compiled\-in paths for
62 .I \-\-configure\-options
63 Display configure options.
66 Reset softkeys to their default from the termcap/terminfo
67 database. Only useful on HP terminals when the function keys don't work.
69 .I \-K file, \-\-keymap=file
70 Specify a name of keymap file in the command line.
73 Don't load key bindings from any file, use default hardcoded keys.
75 .I \-l file, \-\-ftplog=file
76 Save the ftpfs dialog with the server in file.
78 .I \-D N, \-\-debuglevel=N
79 Save the debug level for SMB VFS. N is in 0\-10 range.
81 .I \-P file, \-\-printwd=file
82 Print the last working directory to the specified file. This option is
83 not meant to be used directly. Instead, it's used from a special shell
84 script that automatically changes the current directory of the shell to
85 the last directory the Midnight Commander was in. Source the file
86 .B %prefix%/share/mc/bin/mc.sh
87 (bash and zsh users) or
88 .B %prefix%/share/mc/bin/mc.csh
89 (tcsh users) respectively to define
91 as an alias to the appropriate shell script.
94 Set alternative mode drawing of frameworks.
95 If the section [Lines] is not filled, the symbol for the pseudographics
96 frame is a space, otherwise the frame characters are taken from follow params.
98 .B You can redefine the following variables:
128 default horizontal line
131 default vertical line
140 Used only if the code was compiled with Slang and terminfo: it makes
141 the Midnight Commander use the value of the
143 variable for the terminal information instead of the information on
144 the system wide terminal database
146 .I \-u, \-\-nosubshell
147 Disable use of the concurrent shell (only makes sense if the Midnight
148 Commander has been built with concurrent shell support).
151 Enable use of the concurrent shell support (only makes sense if the
152 Midnight Commander was built with the subshell support set as an
155 .I \-v file, \-\-view=file
156 Start the internal viewer to view the specified file. See also
160 Display the version of the program.
163 Force xterm mode. Used when running on xterm\-capable terminals (two
164 screen modes, and able to send mouse escape sequences).
167 Do not use X11 to get the state of modifiers Alt, Ctrl, Shift
170 Force a "normal tracking" mouse mode. Used when running on
171 xterm\-capable terminals (tmux/screen).
173 If specified, the first path name is the directory to show in the
174 selected panel; the second path name is the directory to be shown in
178 The screen of the Midnight Commander is divided into four parts.
179 Almost all of the screen space is taken up by two directory panels.
180 By default, the second line from the bottom of the screen is the
181 shell command line, and the bottom line shows the function key labels.
182 The topmost line is the
186 The menu bar line may not be visible, but appears if you click the
187 topmost line with the mouse or press the F9 key.
189 The Midnight Commander provides a view of two directories at the same
190 time. One of the panels is the current panel (a selection bar is in
191 the current panel). Almost all operations take place on the current
192 panel. Some file operations like Rename and Copy by default use the
193 directory of the unselected panel as a destination (don't worry, they
194 always ask you for confirmation first). For more information, see the
202 .\"Left and Right Menus"
208 You can execute system commands from the Midnight Commander by simply
209 typing them. Everything you type will appear on the shell command line,
210 and when you press Enter the Midnight Commander will execute the
211 command line you typed; read the
214 .\"Shell Command Line"
219 sections to learn more about the command line.
220 .\"NODE "Mouse Support"
222 The Midnight Commander comes with mouse support. It is activated
223 whenever you are running on an
225 terminal (it even works if you take a telnet, ssh or rlogin connection to
226 another machine from the xterm) or if you are running on a Linux
229 mouse server running.
231 When you left click on a file in the directory panels, that file is
232 selected; if you click with the right button, the file is marked (or
233 unmarked, depending on the previous state).
235 Double\-clicking on a file will try to execute the command if it is
236 an executable program; and if the
239 .\"Extension File Edit"
240 has a program specified for the file's extension, the specified
243 Also, it is possible to execute the commands assigned to the function
244 key labels by clicking on them.
246 The default auto repeat rate for the mouse buttons is 400
247 milliseconds. This may be changed to other values by editing the
251 file and changing the
255 If you are running the Midnight Commander with the mouse support, you
256 can get the default mouse behavior (cutting and pasting text) by holding
261 Some commands in the Midnight Commander involve the use of the
263 (sometimes labeled CTRL or CTL) and the
265 (sometimes labeled ALT or even Compose) keys. In this manual we will
266 use the following abbreviations:
269 means hold the Control key while typing the character <chr>.
270 Thus C\-f would be: hold the Control key and type f.
273 means hold the Meta or Alt key down while typing <chr>.
274 If there is no Meta or Alt key, type
276 release it, then type the character <chr>.
279 means hold the Shift key down while typing <chr>.
281 All input lines in the Midnight Commander use an approximation to
282 the GNU Emacs editor's key bindings (default).
284 You may redefine key bindings. See
286 .I redefine hotkey bindings
289 for more info. All other key bindings (described in this manual) relative
293 There are many sections which tell about the keys. The following are
300 section documents the keyboard shortcuts for the commands appearing in
301 the File menu. This section includes the function keys. Most of these
302 commands perform some action, usually on the selected file or the
309 section documents the keys which select a file or tag files as a
310 target for a later action (the action is usually one from the file
316 .\"Shell Command Line"
317 section list the keys which are used for entering and editing command
318 lines. Most of these copy file names and such from the directory
319 panels to the command line (to avoid excessive typing) or access the
320 command line history.
325 are used for editing input lines. This means both the command line and
326 the input lines in the query dialogs.
328 .\"NODE " Keys_redefine"
329 .SH " Redefine hotkey bindings"
330 Hotkey bindings may be read from external file (keymap\-file).
331 Initially, Mignight Commander creates key bindings using keymap defined
332 in the source code. Then, two files
333 .B %prefix%/share/mc/mc.keymap
335 .B %sysconfdir%/mc/mc.keymap
336 are loaded always, sequentially reassigned key bindings defined earlier.
337 User\-defined keymap\-file is searched on the following algorithm (to the first one found):
340 1) command line option
343 .B \-\-keymap=\<keymap\>
345 2) Environment variable
351 .B [Midnight\-Commander]
355 .B ~/.config/mc/mc.keymap
358 Command line option, environment variable and parameter in config file may
359 contain the absolute path to the keymap\-file (with the extension \.keymap
360 or without it). Search of keymap\-file will occur in (to the first one found):
370 .B %prefix%/share/mc/
372 .\"NODE " Miscellaneous Keys"
373 .SH " Miscellaneous Keys"
374 Here are some keys which don't fall into any of the other categories:
377 if there is some text in the command line (the one at the bottom of
378 the panels), then that command is executed. If there is no text in the
379 command line then if the selection bar is over a directory the
380 Midnight Commander does a
382 to the selected directory and reloads the information on the panel;
383 if the selection is an executable file then it is executed. Finally,
384 if the extension of the selected file name matches one of the
388 .\"Extension File Edit"
389 then the corresponding command is executed.
392 repaint all the information in the Midnight Commander.
399 command on a file or on the tagged files.
406 command on the current file or on the tagged files.
409 run the hard link command.
412 run the absolute symbolic link command.
415 run the relative symbolic link command. See the
419 section for more information about symbolic links.
422 set the other panel display mode to information.
425 set the other panel display mode to quick view.
431 .\"External panelize"
437 add directory to hotlist
442 executes the Filtered view command, described in the
445 .\"Internal File Viewer"
462 when the program is being run in the Linux or FreeBSD console or under
463 an xterm, it will show you the output of the previous command. When ran
464 on the Linux console, the Midnight Commander uses an external program
465 (cons.saver) to handle saving and restoring of information on the
468 When the subshell support is compiled in, you can type C\-o at any time
469 and you will be taken back to the Midnight Commander main screen, to
470 return to your application just type C\-o. If you have an application
471 suspended by using this trick, you won't be able to execute other
472 programs from the Midnight Commander until you terminate the suspended
474 .\"NODE " Directory Panels"
475 .SH " Directory Panels"
476 This section lists the keys which operate on the directory panels. If
477 you want to know how to change the appearance of the panels take a
478 look at the section on
480 Left and Right Menus\&.
481 .\"Left and Right Menus"
484 change the current panel. The old other panel becomes the new current
485 panel and the old current panel becomes the new other panel. The
486 selection bar moves from the old current panel to the new current
490 to tag files you may use the Insert key (the kich1 terminfo sequence).
491 To untag files, just retag a tagged file.
494 to change charset of panel you may use M\-e (Alt\-e).
495 Recoding is made from selected codepage into system codepage. To
496 cancel the recoding you may select "directory up" (..) in active panel.
497 To cancel the charsets in all directories, select "No translation " in
498 the dialog of encodings.
500 .B Alt\-g, Alt\-r, Alt\-j
501 used to select the top file in a panel, the middle file and the bottom one,
505 toggle the current display listing to show the next display listing
507 With this it is possible to quickly switch to brief listing, long
508 listing, user defined listing mode, and back to the default.
510 .B C\-\\\\ (control\-backslash)
515 and change to the selected directory.
518 this is used to select (tag) a group of files. The Midnight Commander
519 will prompt for a selection options. When
521 checkbox is on, only files will be selected. If
523 is off, as files as directories will be selected.
526 checkbox is on, the regular expression is much like the filename globbing
527 in the shell (* standing for zero or more characters and ? standing
528 for one character). If
530 is off, then the tagging of files is done with normal regular
531 expressions (see ed (1)). When
533 checkbox is on, the selection will be case sensitive characters.
536 is off, the case will be ignored.
539 use the "\\" key to unselect a group of files. This is the opposite of
543 move the selection bar to the previous entry in the panel.
546 move the selection bar to the next entry in the panel.
549 move the selection bar to the first entry in the panel.
552 move the selection bar to the last entry in the panel.
555 move the selection bar one page down.
557 .B prev\-page, Alt\-v
558 move the selection bar one page up.
561 If the currently selected file is a directory, load that directory on
562 the other panel and moves the selection to the next file. If the
563 currently selected file is not a directory, load the parent directory
564 on the other panel and moves the selection to the next file.
567 make the current directory of the current panel also the current
568 directory of the other panel. Put the other panel to the listing mode
569 if needed. If the current panel is panelized, the other panel doesn't
572 .B C\-PageUp, C\-PageDown
573 only when supported by the terminal: change to ".." and to the currently
574 selected directory respectively.
577 moves to the previous directory in the history, equivalent to clicking
583 moves to the next directory in the history, equivalent to clicking the
587 .B Alt\-Shift\-h, Alt\-H
588 displays the directory history, equivalent to depressing the 'v' with
590 .\"NODE " Quick search"
592 The Quick search mode allows you to perform fast file search in file panel.
597 to start a filename search in the directory listing.
599 When the search is active, the user input will be added to the search string
600 instead of the command line. If the
602 option is enabled the search string is shown on the mini\-status
603 line. When typing, the selection bar will move to the next file
604 starting with the typed letters. The
608 keys can be used to correct typing mistakes. If C\-s is pressed
609 again, the next match is searched for.
611 If quick search is started with double pressing of C\-s, the previous quick
612 search pattern will be used for current search.
614 Besides the filename characters, you can also use wildcard
615 characters '*' and '?'.
616 .\"NODE " Shell Command Line"
617 .SH " Shell Command Line"
618 This section lists keys which are useful to avoid excessive typing when
619 entering shell commands.
622 copy the currently selected file name to the command line.
625 same a Alt\-Enter. May not work on remote systems and some terminals.
628 copy the full path name of the currently selected file to the command
629 line. May not work on remote systems and some terminals.
632 does the filename, command, variable, username and hostname
639 copy the tagged files (or if there are no tagged files, the selected
640 file) of the current panel (C\-x t) or of the other panel (C\-x C\-t) to
644 the first key sequence copies the current path name to the command
645 line, and the second one copies the unselected panel's path name to
649 the quote command can be used to insert characters that are otherwise
650 interpreted by the Midnight Commander (like the '+' symbol)
653 use these keys to browse through the command history. Alt\-p takes you
654 to the last entry, Alt\-n takes you to the next one.
657 displays the history for the current input line.
658 .\"NODE " General Movement Keys"
659 .SH " General Movement Keys"
660 The help viewer, the file viewer and the directory tree use common
661 code to handle moving. Therefore they accept exactly the same
662 keys. Each of them also accepts some keys of its own.
664 Other parts of the Midnight Commander use some of the same movement
665 keys, so this section may be of use for those parts too.
668 moves one line backward.
671 moves one line forward.
673 .B Prev Page, Page Up, Alt\-v
676 .B Next Page, Page Down, C\-v
680 moves to the beginning.
685 The help viewer and the file viewer accept the following keys in
686 addition the to ones mentioned above:
688 .B b, C\-b, C\-h, Backspace, Delete
695 moves one half of a page up or down.
698 moves to the beginning or to the end.
699 .\"NODE " Input Line Keys"
700 .SH " Input Line Keys"
701 The input lines (they are used for the
704 .\"Shell Command Line"
705 and for the query dialogs in the program) accept these keys:
708 puts the cursor at the beginning of line.
711 puts the cursor at the end of the line.
714 move the cursor one position left.
717 move the cursor one position right.
720 moves one word forward.
723 moves one word backward.
726 delete the previous character.
729 delete the character in the point (over the cursor).
732 sets the mark for cutting.
735 copies the text between the cursor and the mark to a kill buffer and
736 removes the text from the input line.
739 copies the text between the cursor and the mark to a kill buffer.
742 yanks back the contents of the kill buffer.
745 kills the text from the cursor to the end of the line.
748 Use these keys to browse through the command history. Alt\-p takes you
749 to the last entry, Alt\-n takes you to the next one.
751 .B Alt\-C\-h, Alt\-Backspace
752 delete one word backward.
755 does the filename, command, variable, username and hostname
763 The menu bar pops up when you press F9 or click the mouse on the top
764 row of the screen. The menu bar has five menus: "Left", "File",
765 "Command", "Options" and "Right".
770 .\"Left and Right Menus"
771 allow you to modify the appearance of the left and right directory
778 lists the actions you can perform on the currently selected file or
785 lists the actions which are more general and bear no relation to the
786 currently selected file or the tagged files.
792 lists the actions which allow you to customize the Midnight Commander.
793 .\"NODE " Left and Right Menus"
794 .SH " Left and Right (Above and Below) Menus"
795 The outlook of the directory panels can be changed from the
799 menus (they are named
803 when the horizontal panel split is chosen from the
808 .\"NODE " Listing Mode..."
809 .SH " Listing Mode..."
810 The listing mode view is used to display a listing of files, there are
811 four different listing modes available:
817 The full directory view shows the file name, the size of the file and
818 the modification time.
820 The brief view shows only the file name and it has two columns
821 (therefore showing twice as many files as other views). The long view
822 is similar to the output of
824 command. The long view takes the whole screen width.
826 If you choose the "User" display format, then you have to specify
829 The user display format must start with a panel size specifier. This
830 may be "half" or "full", and they specify a half screen panel and a
831 full screen panel respectively.
833 After the panel size, you may specify the two columns mode on the
834 panel, this is done by adding the number "2" to the user format
837 After this you add the name of the fields with an optional size
838 specifier. This are the available fields you may display:
841 displays the file name.
844 displays the file size.
847 is an alternative form of the
849 format. It displays the size of the files and for directories it just
850 shows SUB\-DIR or UP\-\-DIR.
853 displays a one character wide type field. This character is similar to
854 what is displayed by ls with the \-F flag \-
856 for executable files,
864 for character devices,
870 for symbolic links to directories and
872 for stale symlinks (links that point nowhere).
875 an asterisk if the file is tagged, a space if it's not.
878 file's last modification time.
881 file's last access time.
884 file's status change time.
887 a string representing the current permission bits of the file.
890 an octal value with the current permission bits of the file.
893 the number of links to the file.
902 the owner of the file.
905 the group of the file.
908 the inode of the file.
910 Also you can use following keywords to define the panel layout:
913 a space in the display format.
916 add a vertical line to the display format.
918 To force one field to a fixed size (a size specifier), you just add
920 followed by the number of characters you want the field to have. If the
921 number is followed by the symbol
923 then the size specifies the minimal field size \- if the program finds
924 out that there is more space on the screen, it will then expand that
929 display corresponds to this format:
931 half type name | size | mtime
935 display corresponds to this format:
937 full perm space nlink space owner space group space size space mtime
940 This is a nice user display format:
942 half name | size:7 | type mode:3
944 Panels may also be set to the following modes:
947 The info view display information related to the currently
948 selected file and if possible information about the current file
952 The tree view is quite similar to the
956 feature. See the section about it for more information.
959 In this mode, the panel will switch to a reduced
962 .\"Internal File Viewer"
963 that displays the contents of the currently selected file, if you
964 select the panel (with the tab key or the mouse), you will have access
965 to the usual viewer commands.
966 .\"NODE " Sort Order..."
968 The eight sort orders are by name, by extension, by modification time,
969 by access time, and by inode information modification time, by size,
970 by inode and unsorted. In the Sort order dialog box you can choose
971 the sort order and you may also specify if you want to sort in reverse
972 order by checking the reverse box.
974 By default directories are sorted before files but this can be changed
980 .BR "Mix all files" ).
983 The filter command allows you to specify a shell pattern (for example
985 which the files must match to be shown. Regardless
986 of the filter pattern, the directories and the links to directories
987 are always shown in the directory panel.
990 The reread command reload the list of files in the directory. It is
991 useful if other processes have created or removed files.
994 The Midnight Commander uses the F1 \- F10 keys as keyboard shortcuts
995 for commands appearing in the file menu. The escape sequences for the
996 function keys are terminfo capabilities kf1 trough kf10. On terminals
997 without function key support, you can achieve the same functionality by
998 pressing the ESC key and then a number in the range 1 through 9 and 0
999 (corresponding to F1 to F9 and F10 respectively).
1001 The File menu has the following commands (keyboard shortcuts in parentheses):
1005 Invokes the built\-in hypertext help viewer. Inside the
1009 you can use the Tab key to select the next link and the Enter key to
1010 follow that link. The keys Space and Backspace are used to move
1011 forward and backward in a help page. Press F1 again to get the full
1012 list of accepted keys.
1020 The user menu provides an easy way to provide users with a menu and
1021 add extra features to the Midnight Commander.
1025 View the currently selected file. By default this invokes the
1027 Internal File Viewer
1028 .\"Internal File Viewer"
1029 but if the option "Use internal view" is off, it invokes an external
1030 file viewer specified by the
1032 environment variable. If
1036 environment variable is tried. If
1038 is also undefined, the "view" command is invoked. If you use F13
1039 instead, the viewer will be invoked without doing any formatting or
1040 preprocessing to the file.
1042 .B Filtered View (Alt\-!)
1044 This command prompts for a command
1045 and its arguments (the argument defaults to the currently selected
1046 file name), the output from such command is shown in the internal file
1051 Press F4 to edit the highlighted file. Press F14 (usually F14)
1052 to start the editor with a new, empty file.
1053 Currently they invoke the
1055 editor, or the editor specified in the
1057 environment variable, or the
1059 Internal File Editor
1060 .\"Internal File Editor"
1061 if the use_internal_edit option is on.
1065 Press F5 to pop up an input dialog to copy the currently selected file (or
1066 the tagged files, if there is at least one file tagged) to the
1067 directory/filename you specify in the input dialog. The destination
1068 defaults to the directory in the non\-selected panel. Space for destination
1069 file may be preallocated relative to preallocate_space configure option.
1070 During this process, you can press C\-c or ESC to abort the operation.
1071 For details about source mask (which will be usually either * or ^\\(.*\\)$
1072 depending on setting of Use shell patterns) and possible wildcards in the
1076 .\"Mask Copy/Rename"
1078 F15 (usually F15) is similar, but defaults to the directory in the
1079 selected panel. It always operates on the selected file, regardless of
1082 On some systems, it is possible to do the copy in the background by
1083 clicking on the background button (or pressing Alt\-b in the dialog
1088 is used to control the background process.
1092 Create a hard link to the current file.
1094 .B Absolute symlink (C\-x s)
1096 Create a absolute symbolic link to the current file.
1098 .B Relative symLink (C\-x v)
1100 Create a relative symbolic link to the current file.
1102 To those of you who don't know what links are: creating a link to a file
1103 is a bit like copying the file, but both the source filename and the destination
1104 filename represent the same file image. For example, if you edit one of these
1105 files, all changes you make will appear in both files. Some people call
1106 links aliases or shortcuts.
1108 A hard link appears as a real file. After making it, there is no way of
1109 telling which one is the original and which is the link. If you delete
1110 either one of them the other one is still intact. It is very difficult
1111 to notice that the files represent the same image. Use hard links when
1112 you don't even want to know.
1114 A symbolic link is a reference to the name of the original file. If
1115 the original file is deleted the symbolic link is useless. It is quite
1116 easy to notice that the files represent the same image. The Midnight
1117 Commander shows an "@"\-sign in front of the file name if it is a
1118 symbolic link to somewhere (except to directory, where it shows a tilde (~)).
1119 The original file which the link points to is shown on mini\-status line if the
1120 .I "Show mini\-status"
1121 option is enabled. Use symbolic links when you want to avoid the
1122 confusion that can be caused by hard links.
1124 When you press "C\-x s" Midnight Commander will automatically fill in the
1125 complete path+filename of the original file and suggest a name for the link.
1126 You can change either one.
1128 Sometimes you may want to change the absolute path of the original into
1129 a relative path. An absolute path starts from the root directory:
1131 .I /home/frodo/mc/mc -> /home/frodo/new/mc
1133 A relative link describes the original file's location starting from the
1134 location of the link itself:
1136 .I /home/frodo/mc/mc -> ../new/mc
1138 You can force Midnight Commander to suggest a relative path by pressing
1139 "C\-x v" instead of "C\-x s".
1141 .B Rename/Move (F6, F16)
1143 Press F6 to pop up an input dialog to copy the currently selected file (or
1144 the tagged files, if there is at least one file tagged) to the
1145 directory/filename you specify in the input dialog. The destination
1146 defaults to the directory in the non\-selected panel. For more details
1147 look at Copy (F5) operation above, most of the things are quite similar.
1149 F16 (usually F16) is similar, but defaults to the directory in the
1150 selected panel. It always operates on the selected file, regardless of
1153 On some systems, it is possible to do the copy in the background by
1154 clicking on the background button (or pressing Alt\-b in the dialog
1159 is used to control the background process.
1163 Pop up an input dialog and creates the directory specified.
1167 Delete the currently selected file or the tagged files in the
1168 currently selected panel. During the process, you can press C\-c or
1169 ESC to abort the operation.
1171 .B Quick cd (Alt\-c)
1176 command if you have full command line and want to cd somewhere.
1180 This is used to select (tag) a group of files. The Midnight Commander
1181 will prompt for a selection options. When
1183 checkbox is on, only files will be selected. If
1185 is off, as files as directories will be selected.
1188 checkbox is on, the regular expression is much like the filename globbing
1189 in the shell (* standing for zero or more characters and ? standing
1190 for one character). If
1192 is off, then the tagging of files is done with normal regular
1193 expressions (see ed (1)). When
1195 checkbox is on, the selection will be case sensitive characters.
1198 is off, the case will be ignored.
1200 .B Unselect group (\\\\)
1202 Used to unselect a group of files. This is the opposite of the
1206 .B Quit (F10, Shift\-F10)
1208 Terminate the Midnight Commander. Shift\-F10 is used when you want to
1209 quit and you are using the shell wrapper. Shift\-F10 will not take you
1210 to the last directory you visited with the Midnight Commander, instead
1211 it will stay at the directory where you started the Midnight Commander.
1214 This command is useful if you have a full command line and want to
1217 .\"The cd internal command"
1218 somewhere without having to yank and paste the command line. This command
1219 pops up a small dialog, where you enter everything you would enter after
1221 on the command line and then you press enter. This features all the things
1222 that are already in the
1224 internal cd command\&.
1225 .\"The cd internal command"
1226 .\"NODE " Command Menu"
1232 command shows a tree figure of the directories.
1238 command allows you to search for a specific file.
1240 The "Swap panels" command swaps the contents of the two directory panels.
1242 The "Switch panels on/off" command shows the output of the last shell command.
1243 This works only on xterm and on Linux and FreeBSD console.
1245 The "Compare directories" command compares the directory
1246 panels with each other. You can then use the Copy (F5) command to make
1247 the panels identical. There are three compare methods. The quick method
1248 compares only file size and file date. The thorough method makes a
1249 full byte\-by\-byte compare. The thorough method is not available if the
1250 machine does not support the mmap(2) system call. The size\-only
1251 compare method just compares the file sizes and does not check the
1252 contents or the date times, it just checks the file size.
1257 .\"External panelize"
1258 allows you to execute an external program, and make the output of that
1259 program the contents of the current panel.
1261 The "Command history" command shows a list of typed commands. The
1262 selected command is copied to the command line. The command history
1263 can also be accessed by typing Alt\-p or Alt\-n.
1269 command makes changing of the current directory to often used directories
1276 command shows a dialog window with the list of currently running
1277 internal editors, viewers and other MC modules that support this mode.
1281 "Edit extension file"
1282 .\"Extension File Edit"
1283 command allows you to specify programs to executed when you try to
1284 execute, view, edit and do a bunch of other thing on files
1285 with certain extensions (filename endings).
1291 command may be used for editing the user menu (which appears by
1293 .\"NODE " Directory Tree"
1294 .SH " Directory Tree"
1295 The Directory Tree command shows a tree figure of the directories. You
1296 can select a directory from the figure and the Midnight Commander will
1297 change to that directory.
1299 There are two ways to invoke the tree. The real directory tree command
1300 is available from Commands menu. The other way is to select tree view
1301 from the Left or Right menu.
1303 To get rid of long delays the Midnight Commander creates the tree
1304 figure by scanning only a small subset of all the directories. If the
1305 directory which you want to see is missing, move to its parent
1306 directory and press C\-r (or F2).
1308 You can use the following keys:
1311 General movement keys
1312 .\"General Movement Keys"
1316 In the directory tree, exits the directory tree and changes to this
1317 directory in the current panel. In the tree view, changes to this
1318 directory in the other panel and stays in tree view mode in the
1321 .B C\-r, F2 (Rescan).
1322 Rescan this directory. Use this when the tree figure is out of date:
1323 it is missing subdirectories or shows some subdirectories which don't
1327 Delete this directory from the tree figure. Use this to remove clutter
1328 from the figure. If you want the directory back to the tree figure
1329 press F2 in its parent directory.
1331 .B F4 (Static/Dynamic).
1332 Toggle between the dynamic navigation mode (default) and the static
1335 In the static navigation mode you can use the Up and Down keys to
1336 select a directory. All known directories are shown.
1338 In the dynamic navigation mode you can use the Up and Down keys to
1339 select a sibling directory, the Left key to move to the parent
1340 directory, and the Right key to move to a child directory. Only the
1341 parent, sibling and children directories are shown, others are left
1342 out. The tree figure changes dynamically as you traverse.
1351 Make a new directory below this directory.
1354 Delete this directory from the file system.
1357 Search the next directory matching the search string. If there is
1358 no such directory these keys will move one line down.
1361 Delete the last character of the search string.
1363 .B Any other character.
1364 Add the character to the search string and move to the next directory
1365 which starts with these characters. In the tree view you must first
1366 activate the search mode by pressing C\-s. The search string is shown
1367 in the mini status line.
1369 The following actions are available only in the directory tree. They
1370 aren't supported in the tree view.
1373 Invoke the help viewer and show this section.
1376 Exit the directory tree. Do not change the directory.
1378 The mouse is supported. A double\-click behaves like Enter. See
1383 .\"NODE " Find File"
1385 The Find File feature first asks for the start directory for the
1386 search and the filename to be searched for. By pressing the Tree
1387 button you can select the start directory from the
1393 Option \"Whole words\" allows select only those files containing matches that
1394 form whole words. Like grep \-w.
1396 You can start the search by pressing the OK button.
1397 During the search you can stop from the Stop button and continue from
1400 You can browse the filelist with the up and down arrow keys. The Chdir
1401 button will change to the directory of the currently selected
1402 file. The Again button will ask for the parameters for a new
1403 search. The Quit button quits the search operation. The Panelize
1404 button will place the found files to the current directory panel so
1405 that you can do additional operations on them (view, copy, move,
1406 delete and so on). After panelizing you can press C\-r to return to the
1407 normal file listing.
1409 The 'Enable ignore directories' checkbox and input field below it
1410 allow to set up the list of directories that should be skip during the search
1411 files (for example, you may want to avoid searches on a CD\-ROM or on a NFS
1412 directory that is mounted across a slow link). List components must be separated
1413 with a colon, here is an example:
1416 /cdrom:/nfs/wuarchive:/afs
1419 Relative paths are supported also. The following example shows how to skip special
1420 directories of version control systems:
1422 /cdrom:/nfs/wuarchive:/afs:.svn:.git:CVS
1425 Attention: input field can contain a dot (.), this means the current absolute path.
1427 You may consider using the
1430 .\"External panelize"
1431 command for some operations. Find file command is for simple queries
1432 only, while using External panelize you can do as mysterious searches
1434 .\"NODE " External panelize"
1435 .SH " External panelize"
1436 The External panelize allows you to execute an external program, and
1437 make the output of that program the contents of the current panel.
1439 For example, if you want to manipulate in one of the panels all the
1440 symbolic links in the current directory, you can use external
1441 panelization to run the following command:
1444 find . \-type l \-print
1447 Upon command completion, the directory contents of the panel will no
1448 longer be the directory listing of the current directory, but all the
1449 files that are symbolic links.
1451 If you want to panelize all of the files that have been downloaded
1452 from your FTP server, you can use this awk command to extract the file
1453 name from the transfer log files:
1456 awk '$9 ~! /incoming/ { print $9 }' < /var/log/xferlog
1459 You may want to save often used panelize commands under a descriptive name,
1460 so that you can recall them quickly. You do this by typing the command on
1461 the input line and pressing Add new button. Then you enter a name under
1462 which you want the command to be saved. Next time, you just choose that
1463 command from the list and do not have to type it again.
1466 The Directory hotlist command shows the labels of the directories
1467 in the directory hotlist. The Midnight Commander will change to the
1468 directory corresponding to the selected label. From the hotlist dialog,
1469 you can remove already created label/directory pairs and add new ones.
1470 To add new directories quickly, you can use the Add to hotlist command
1471 (C\-x h), which adds the current directory into the directory hotlist,
1472 asking just for the label for the directory.
1474 This makes cd to often used directories faster. You may consider using the
1475 CDPATH variable as described in
1478 .\"The cd internal command"
1480 .\"NODE " Extension File Edit"
1481 .SH " Extension File Edit"
1482 This will invoke your editor on the file
1483 .IR ~/.config/mc/mc.ext .
1484 The format of this file following:
1486 All lines starting with # or empty lines are thrown away.
1488 Lines starting in the first column should have following format:
1491 i.e. everything after the slash until new line is
1500 is an extension (no wildcards). File matches it its name ends
1511 is a regular expression. File matches if its name matches the regular
1517 is a regular expression. File matches if it is a directory and its name
1518 matches the regular expression.
1523 is a regular expression. File matches if the output of
1525 without the initial "filename:" part matches regular expression
1529 \- matches any file.
1534 \- denotes a common section.
1536 is the name of the section.
1538 Other lines should start with a space or tab and should be of the format:
1540 (with no spaces around =), where
1544 (invoked on Enter or double click),
1550 (to add rules from the common section).
1552 is any one\-line shell command, with the simple
1554 macro substitution\&.
1555 .\"Macro Substitution"
1557 Rules are matched from top to bottom, thus the order is important. If
1558 the appropriate action is missing, search continues as if this rule
1559 didn't match (i.e. if a file matches the first and second entry and View
1560 action is missing in the first one, then on pressing F3 the View action
1561 from the second entry will be used).
1563 should match all the actions.
1564 .\"NODE " Background jobs"
1565 .SH " Background Jobs"
1566 This lets you control the state of any background Midnight Commander
1567 process (only copy and move files operations can be done in the
1568 background). You can stop, restart and kill a background job from
1570 .\"NODE " Menu File Edit"
1571 .SH " Menu File Edit"
1572 The user menu is a menu of useful actions that can be customized by
1573 the user. When you access the user menu, the
1574 file .mc.menu from the current directory is used if it exists,
1575 but only if it is owned by user or root and is not world\-writable.
1576 If no such file found, ~/.config/mc/menu is tried in the same way,
1577 and otherwise mc uses the default system\-wide menu
1578 %prefix%/share/mc/mc.menu.
1580 The format of the menu file is very simple. Lines that start with
1581 anything but space or tab are considered entries for the menu (in
1582 order to be able to use it like a hot key, the first character should
1583 be a letter). All the lines that start with a space or a tab are the
1584 commands that will be executed when the entry is selected.
1586 When an option is selected all the command lines of the option are
1587 copied to a temporary file in the temporary directory (usually
1588 /usr/tmp) and then that file is executed. This allows the user to put
1589 normal shell constructs in the menus. Also simple macro substitution
1590 takes place before executing the menu code. For more information, see
1592 macro substitution\&.
1593 .\"Macro Substitution"
1595 Here is a sample mc.menu file:
1598 A Dump the currently selected file
1601 B Edit a bug report and send it to root
1602 I=`mktemp ${MC_TMPDIR:\-/tmp}/mail.XXXXXX` || exit 1
1604 mail \-s "Midnight Commander bug" root < $I
1613 H Call the info hypertext browser
1616 J Copy current directory to other panel recursively
1617 tar cf \- . | (cd %D && tar xvpf \-)
1619 K Make a release of the current subdirectory
1620 echo \-n "Name of distribution file: "
1622 ln \-s %d `dirname %d`/$tar
1624 tar cvhf ${tar}.tar $tar
1626 = f *.tar.gz | f *.tgz & t n
1627 X Extract the contents of a compressed tar file
1631 .B Default Conditions
1633 Each menu entry may be preceded by a condition. The condition must
1634 start from the first column with a '=' character. If the condition is
1635 true, the menu entry will be the default entry.
1638 Condition syntax: = <sub\-cond>
1639 or: = <sub\-cond> | <sub\-cond> ...
1640 or: = <sub\-cond> & <sub\-cond> ...
1642 Sub\-condition is one of following:
1644 y <pattern> syntax of current file matching pattern?
1645 (for edit menu only)
1646 f <pattern> current file matching pattern?
1647 F <pattern> other file matching pattern?
1648 d <pattern> current directory matching pattern?
1649 D <pattern> other directory matching pattern?
1650 t <type> current file of type?
1651 T <type> other file of type?
1652 x <filename> is it executable filename?
1653 ! <sub\-cond> negate the result of sub\-condition
1656 Pattern is a normal shell pattern or a regular expression, according
1657 to the shell patterns option. You can override the global value of
1658 the shell patterns option by writing "shell_patterns=x" on the first
1659 line of the menu file (where "x" is either 0 or 1).
1661 Type is one or more of the following characters:
1676 For example 'rlf' means either regular file, link or fifo. The 't'
1677 type is a little special because it acts on the panel instead of the
1678 file. The condition '=t t' is true if there are tagged files in the
1679 current panel and false if not.
1681 If the condition starts with '=?' instead of '=' a debug trace will be
1682 shown whenever the value of the condition is calculated.
1684 The conditions are calculated from left to right. This means
1686 = f *.tar.gz | f *.tgz & t n
1690 ( (f *.tar.gz) | (f *.tgz) ) & (t n)
1693 Here is a sample of the use of conditions:
1696 = f *.tar.gz | f *.tgz & t n
1697 L List the contents of a compressed tar\-archive
1698 gzip \-cd %f | tar xvf \-
1701 .B Addition Conditions
1703 If the condition begins with '+' (or '+?') instead of '=' (or '=?') it
1704 is an addition condition. If the condition is true the menu entry will
1705 be included in the menu. If the condition is false the menu entry will
1706 not be included in the menu.
1708 You can combine default and addition conditions by starting condition
1709 with '+=' or '=+' (or '+=?' or '=+?' if you want debug trace). If you
1710 want to use two different conditions, one for adding and another for
1711 defaulting, you can precede a menu entry with two condition lines, one
1712 starting with '+' and another starting with '='.
1714 Comments are started with '#'. The additional comment lines must start
1715 with '#', space or tab.
1716 .\"NODE " Options Menu"
1718 The Midnight Commander has some options that may be toggled on and
1719 off in several dialogs which are accessible from this menu. Options
1720 are enabled if they have an asterisk or "x" in front of them.
1726 command pops up a dialog from which you can change most of settings of
1727 the Midnight Commander.
1733 command pops up a dialog from which you specify a bunch of options how mc
1734 looks like on the screen.
1740 command pops up a dialog from which you specify options of file manager panels.
1746 command pops up a dialog from which you specify which actions you want to
1753 command pops up a dialog from which you may select which characters is your
1754 terminal able to display.
1760 command pops up a dialog from which you test some keys which are not working
1761 on some terminals and you may fix them.
1767 command pops up a dialog from which you specify some VFS related options.
1773 command saves the current settings of the Left, Right and Options
1774 menus. A small number of other settings is saved, too.
1775 .\"NODE " Configuration"
1776 .SH " Configuration"
1777 The options in this dialog are divided into several groups: "File
1778 operation options", "Esc key mode", "Pause after run" and "Other options".
1780 .B File operation options
1782 .I Verbose operation.
1783 This toggles whether the file Copy, Rename and Delete operations are
1784 verbose (i.e., display a dialog box for each operation). If you have a
1785 slow terminal, you may wish to disable the verbose operation. It is
1786 automatically turned off if the speed of your terminal is less than
1790 If this option is enabled, the Midnight Commander computes total byte
1791 sizes and total number of files prior to any Copy, Rename and Delete
1792 operations. This will provide you with a more accurate progress bar
1793 at the expense of some speed. This option has no effect, if
1794 .I Verbose operation
1797 .I Classic progressbar.
1798 If this option is enabled, the progressbar of Copy/Move/Delete operations
1799 is always grown form left to right. If disabled, the growing direction
1800 of progressbar follows to direction of Copy/Move/Delete operation:
1801 from left panel to right one and vice versa. Enabled by default.
1804 When you press F7 to create a new directory, the input line in popup dialog
1805 will be filled by name of current file or directory in active panel.
1806 Disabled by default.
1808 .I Preallocate space
1809 Preallocate space for whole target file, if possible, before copy operation.
1810 Disabled by default.
1814 By default the Midnight Commander treats the ESC key as a key prefix.
1815 Therefore, you should press Esc code twice to exit a dialog. But there is
1816 a possibility to use a single press of ESC key for that action.
1819 By default this option is disabled. If you'll enable it, the ESC key
1820 will act as a prefix key for set up time interval (see
1822 option below), and if no extra keys have arrived, then the ESC key
1823 is interpreted as a cancel key (ESC ESC).
1826 This options is used to setup the time interval (in microseconds)
1827 for single press of ESC key. By default, this inrerval is one second
1828 (1000000 microseconds). Also the timeout can be set via KEYBOARD_KEY_TIMEOUT_US
1829 environment variable (also in microseconds), which has higher priority
1830 than Timeout option value.
1834 After executing your commands, the Midnight Commander can pause, so
1835 that you can examine the output of the command. There are three
1836 possible settings for this variable:
1839 Means that you do not want to see the output of your command. If you
1840 are using the Linux or FreeBSD console or an xterm, you will be able to
1841 see the output of the command by typing C\-o.
1843 .IR On dumb terminals .
1844 You will get the pause message on terminals that are not capable of
1845 showing the output of the last command executed (any terminal that is
1846 not an xterm or the Linux console).
1849 The program will pause after executing all of your commands.
1853 .I Use internal editor.
1854 If this option is enabled, the built\-in file editor is used to edit
1855 files. If the option is disabled, the editor specified in the
1857 environment variable is used.
1858 If no editor is specified,
1860 is used. See the section on the
1862 internal file editor\&.
1863 .\"Internal File Editor"
1865 .I Use internal viewer.
1866 If this option is enabled, the built\-in file viewer is used to view
1867 files. If the option is disabled, the pager specified in the
1869 environment variable is used.
1870 If no pager is specified, the
1872 command is used. See the section on the
1874 internal file viewer\&.
1875 .\"Internal File Viewer"
1878 If this option is enabled, the user menu will be invoked at startup.
1879 Useful for building menus for non\-unixers.
1882 When this option is enabled, the pull down menus will be activated as
1883 soon as you press the F9 key. Otherwise, you will only get the menu title,
1884 and you will have to activate the menu either with the arrow keys or with
1885 the hotkeys. It is recommended if you are using hotkeys.
1888 By default the Select, Unselect and Filter commands will use shell\-like
1889 regular expressions. The following conversions are performed to achieve
1890 this: the '*' is replaced by '.*' (zero or more characters); the '?'
1891 is replaced by '.' (exactly one character) and '.' by the literal
1892 dot. If the option is disabled, then the regular expressions are the
1893 ones described in ed(1).
1895 .I Complete: show all.
1896 By default the Midnight Commander pops up all possible
1900 if the completion is ambiguous only when you press
1902 for the second time. For the first time, it just completes as much as
1903 possible and beeps in the case of ambiguity. Enable this option if you
1904 want to see all possible completions even after pressing
1909 If this option is enabled, the
1910 Midnight Commander shows a rotating dash in the upper right corner
1911 as a work in progress indicator.
1913 .I Cd follows links.
1914 This option, if set, causes the Midnight Commander to follow the
1915 logical chain of directories when changing current directory
1916 either in the panels, or using the cd command. This is the default
1917 behavior of bash. When unset, the Midnight Commander follows the
1918 real directory structure, so cd .. if you've entered that directory
1919 through a link will move you to the current directory's real parent
1920 and not to the directory where the link was present.
1923 If this option is enabled, deleting files and directory hotlist entries
1924 unintentionally becomes more difficult. The default selection in the
1925 confirmation dialogs for deletion changes from "Yes" to "No".
1926 This option is disabled by default.
1929 If this option is enabled, when you exit the Midnight Commander the
1930 configurable options of the Midnight Commander are saved in the
1931 ~/.config/mc/ini file.
1934 The layout dialog gives you a possibility to change the general layout
1935 of screen. The options in this dialog are divided into several groups:
1936 "Panel split", "Console output" and "Other options".
1940 The rest of the screen area is used for the two directory panels. You
1941 can specify whether the area is split to the panels in
1945 direction. Panel layout can be changed using Alt\-, (Alt\-comma) shortcut.
1948 By default, panels have equal sizes. Using this option you can specify
1953 On the Linux or FreeBSD console you can specify how many lines are shown
1954 in the output window. This option is available if Midnight Commander runs
1955 on native console only.
1959 .I Menu bar visible.
1960 If enabled, main menu of Midnight Commander is always visible on the top row
1961 of screen above panels. Enabled by default.
1964 If enabled, command line is avalable. Enabled by default.
1967 If enabled, 10 lables associated with F1\-F10 keys are located at the bottom
1968 row of screen. Enabled by default.
1971 If enabled, the one\-line hints are visible below panels. Enabled by default.
1973 .I XTerm window title.
1974 When run in a terminal emulator for X11, Midnight Commander sets the
1975 terminal window title to the current working directory and updates it
1976 when necessary. If your terminal emulator is broken and you see some
1977 incorrect output on startup and directory change, turn off this option.
1981 If enabled, free space and total space of current file system is shown
1982 at the bottom frame of panel. Enabled by default.
1983 .\"NODE " Panel options"
1984 .SH " Panel options"
1985 .B Main panel options
1987 .I Show mini\-status.
1988 If enabled, one line of status information about the currently selected item
1989 is shown at the bottom of the panels. Enabled by default.
1991 .I Use SI size units.
1992 If this option is enabled, Midnight Commander will use SI units (powers of 1000)
1993 when displaying any byte sizes. The suffixes (k, m ...) are shown in lowercase.
1994 If disabled (default), Midnight Commander will use binary units (powers of 1024)
1995 and the suffixes are shown in upper case (K, M ...)
1998 If this option is enabled, all files and directories are shown mixed
1999 together. If the option is desabled (default), directories (and links to
2000 directories) are shown at the beginning of the listing, and other files below.
2002 .I Show backup files.
2003 If enabled, the Midnight Commander will show files ending with a tilde.
2004 Otherwise, they won't be shown (like GNU's ls option \-B). Enabled by default.
2006 .I Show hidden files.
2007 If enabled, the Midnight Commander will show all files that start with
2008 a dot (like ls \-a). Disabled by default.
2010 .I Fast directory reload.
2011 If this option is enabled, the Midnight Commander will use a trick to
2012 determine if the directory contents have changed. The trick is to reload
2013 the directory only if the i\-node of the directory has changed; this means
2014 that reloads only happen when files are created or deleted. If what
2015 changes is the i\-node for a file in the directory (file size changes,
2016 mode or owner changes, etc) the display is not updated. In these cases,
2017 if you have the option on, you have to rescan the directory manually
2018 (with C\-r). Disabled by default.
2021 If enabled, the selection bar will move down when you mark a file (with
2022 Insert key). Enabled by default.
2024 .I Reverse files only.
2025 Allow revert selection of files only. Enabled by default.
2026 If enabled, the reverse selection is applied to files only, not to directories.
2027 The selection of directories is untouched. If off, the reverse selection
2028 is applied to files as well to directories: all unselected items become
2029 selected, and vice versa.
2032 If both panels contain file listing, simple swap means that panels exchange
2033 its screen positions: left panel become right one, and vice versa. If this
2034 option is unchecked, file listing panels exchange its content keeping listing
2035 format and sort options. Unchecked by default.
2037 .I Auto save panels setup.
2038 If this option is enabled, when you exit the Midnight Commander the
2039 current settings of panels are saved in the ~/.config/mc/panels.ini file.
2040 Disabled by default.
2044 .I Lynx\-like motion.
2045 If this option is enabled, you may use the arrows keys to automatically
2046 chdir if the current selection is a subdirectory and the shell command
2047 line is empty. By default, this setting is off.
2050 If set (the default), panel will scroll by half the display when the
2051 cursor reaches the end or the beginning of the panel, otherwise it
2052 will just scroll a file at a time.
2054 .I Mouse page scrolling.
2055 Controls whenever scrolling with the mouse wheel is done by pages or
2056 line by line on the panels.
2060 You can specify whether
2064 should be highlighted with distinctive
2068 If the permission highlighting is enabled, the parts of the
2075 which apply to the user running Midnight Commander are highlighted with
2076 the color defined by the
2078 keyword. If the file type highlighting is enabled, file names are colored
2079 according to rules described in
2080 %sysconfdir%/mc/filehighlight.ini
2084 .\"Filenames Highlight"
2089 You can specify how the
2093 mode should works: case insensitively, case sensitively or be matched
2094 to the the panel sort order: case sensitive or not.
2095 .\"NODE " Confirmation"
2097 In this dialog you configure the confirmation options for file deletion,
2098 overwriting files, execution by pressing enter, quitting the program,
2099 directory hotlist entries deletion and history cleanup.
2101 .\"NODE " Display bits"
2103 This is used to configure the range of visible characters on the
2104 screen. This setting may be 7\-bits if your terminal/curses supports
2105 only seven output bits, ISO\-8859\-1 displays all the characters in the
2106 ISO\-8859\-1 map and full 8 bits is for those terminals that can display
2107 full 8 bit characters.
2108 .\"NODE " Learn keys"
2110 This dialog allows you to test and redefine functional keys, cursor
2111 arrows and some other keys to make them work properly on your terminal.
2112 They often don't, since many terminal databases are incomplete or broken.
2114 You can move around with the Tab key and with the vi moving keys ('h'
2115 left, 'j' down, 'k' up and 'l' right). Once you press any cursor movement
2116 key and it is recognized, you can use that key as well.
2118 You can test keys just by pressing each of them. When you press a
2119 key and it is recognized properly, OK should appear next to the name
2120 of that key. Once a key is marked OK it starts working as usually,
2121 e.g. F1 pressed the first time will just check that the F1 key works,
2122 but after that it will show help. The same applies to the arrow keys.
2123 The Tab key should be working always.
2125 If some keys do not work properly then you won't see OK appear after
2126 pressing one of these. Then you may want to redefine it. Do it by pressing
2127 the button with the name of that key (either by the mouse or by Enter
2128 or Space after selecting the button with Tab or arrows). Then a message
2129 box will appear asking you to press that key. Do it and wait until the
2130 message box disappears. If you want to abort, just press Escape once
2133 When you finish with all the keys, you can Save them. The definitions
2134 for the keys you have redefined will be written into the [terminal:TERM]
2135 section of your ~/.config/mc/ini file (where TERM is the name of your current
2136 terminal). The definitions of the keys that were already working properly
2138 .\"NODE " Virtual FS"
2140 This option gives you control over the settings of the
2142 Virtual File System\&.
2143 .\"Virtual File System"
2145 The Midnight Commander keeps in memory the information related to some
2146 of the virtual file systems to speed up the access to the files in the
2147 file system (for example, directory listings fetched from FTP servers).
2149 Also, in order to access the contents of compressed files (for example,
2150 compressed tar files) the Midnight Commander needs to create temporary
2151 uncompressed files on your disk.
2153 Since both the information in memory and the temporary files on disk
2154 take up resources, you may want to tune the parameters of the cached
2155 information to decrease your resource usage or to maximize the speed of
2156 access to frequently used file systems.
2158 Because of the format of the tar archives, the
2160 needs to read the whole file just to load the file entries. Since most
2161 tar files are usually kept compressed (plain tar files are species in
2162 extinction), the tar file system has to uncompress the file on the disk
2163 in a temporary location and then access the uncompressed file as a
2166 Now, since we all love to browse files and tar files all over the disk,
2167 it's common that you will leave a tar file and then re\-enter it later.
2168 Since decompression is slow, the Midnight Commander will cache the
2169 information in memory for a limited time. When the timeout expires, all
2170 the resources associated with the file system are released. The default
2171 timeout is set to one minute.
2177 (ftpfs) allows you to browse directories on remote FTP servers. It has
2180 .I ftp anonymous password
2181 is the password used when you login as "anonymous". Some sites require
2182 a valid e\-mail address. On the other hand, you probably don't want to
2183 give your real e\-mail address to untrusted sites, especially if you are
2184 not using spam filtering.
2186 ftpfs keeps the directory listing it fetches from a FTP server in a cache.
2187 The cache expire time is configurable with the
2188 .I ftpfs directory cache timeout
2189 option. A low value for this option may slow down every operation on
2190 the ftpfs because every operation would require sending a request to the
2193 You can define an FTP proxy host for doing FTP. Note that most modern
2194 firewalls are fully transparent at least for passive FTP (see below), so
2195 FTP proxies are considered obsolete.
2198 .I Always use ftp proxy
2199 is not set, you can use the exclamation sign to enable proxy for certain
2206 If this option is set, the program will do two things: consult the
2207 %prefix%/lib/mc/mc.no_proxy file for lines containing host names that
2208 are local (if the host name starts with a dot, it is assumed to be a
2209 domain) and to assume that any hostnames without dots in their names are
2210 directly accessible. All other hosts will be accessed through the
2211 specified FTP proxy.
2213 You can enable using
2215 file, which keeps login names and passwords for ftp servers. See netrc
2216 (5) for the description of the .netrc format.
2219 enables using FTP passive mode, when the connection for data transfer is
2220 initiated by the client, not by the server. This option is recommended
2221 and enabled by default. If this option is turned off, the data
2222 connection is initiated by the server. This may not work with some
2224 .\"NODE " Save Setup"
2226 At startup the Midnight Commander will try to load initialization
2227 information from the ~/.config/mc/ini file. If this file
2228 doesn't exist, it will load the information from the system\-wide
2229 configuration file, located in %prefix%/share/mc/mc.ini. If the
2230 system\-wide configuration file doesn't exist, MC uses the default settings.
2234 command creates the ~/.config/mc/ini file by saving the
2235 current settings of the
2238 .\"Left and Right Menus"
2247 option, MC will always save the current settings when exiting.
2249 There also exist settings which can't be changed from the menus. To
2250 change these settings you have to edit the setup file with your
2251 favorite editor. See the section on
2254 .\"Special Settings"
2255 for more information.
2257 .\"NODE "Executing operating system commands"
2258 .SH "Executing operating system commands"
2259 You may execute commands by typing them directly in the Midnight
2260 Commander's input line, or by selecting the program you want to
2261 execute with the selection bar in one of the panels and hitting Enter.
2263 If you press Enter over a file that is not executable, the Midnight
2264 Commander checks the extension of the selected file against the
2268 .\"Extension File Edit"
2269 If a match is found then the code associated with that extension is
2270 executed. A very simple
2273 .\"Macro Substitution"
2274 takes place before executing the command.
2275 .\"NODE " The cd internal command"
2276 .SH " The cd internal command"
2279 command is interpreted by the Midnight Commander, it is not passed to
2280 the command shell for execution. Thus it may not handle all of the
2281 nice macro expansion and substitution that your shell does, although it
2284 .I Tilde substitution.
2285 The (~) will be substituted with your home directory, if you append a
2286 username after the tilde, then it will be substituted with the login
2287 directory of the specified user.
2289 For example, ~guest is the home directory for the user guest, while
2290 ~/guest is the directory guest in your home directory.
2292 .I Previous directory.
2293 You can jump to the directory you were previously by using the special
2294 directory name '\-' like this:
2297 .I CDPATH directories.
2298 If the directory specified to the
2300 command is not in the current directory, then The Midnight Commander
2301 uses the value in the environment variable
2303 to search for the directory in any of the named directories.
2305 For example you could set your
2307 variable to ~/src:/usr/src, allowing you to change your directory to
2308 any of the directories inside the ~/src and /usr/src directories, from
2309 any place in the file system by using its relative name (for example
2310 cd linux could take you to /usr/src/linux).
2311 .\"NODE " Macro Substitution"
2312 .SH " Macro Substitution"
2319 extension dependent command\&,
2320 .\"Extension File Edit"
2321 or running a command from the command line input, a simple macro
2322 substitution takes place.
2327 The indent of blank space, equal the cursor column position. For edit
2331 The syntax type of current file. For edit menu only.
2334 The block file name.
2337 The error file name.
2340 The current menu name.
2343 The current file name.
2346 The extension of current file name.
2349 The current file name without extension.
2352 The current directory name.
2355 The current file in the unselected panel.
2358 The directory name of the unselected panel.
2361 The currently tagged files.
2364 The tagged files in the unselected panel.
2367 Similar to the %t and %T macros, but in addition the files are untagged.
2368 You can use this macro only once per menu file entry or extension file
2369 entry, because next time there will be no tagged files.
2372 The selected files: The tagged files if there are any. Otherwise the
2376 This is a special macro that is used to change the current directory
2377 to the directory specified in front of it. This is used primarily as
2380 Virtual File System\&.
2381 .\"Virtual File System"
2384 This macro is used to invoke the internal viewer. This macro can be
2385 used alone, or with arguments. If you pass any arguments to this
2386 macro, they should be enclosed in brackets.
2390 to force the viewer into ascii mode;
2392 to force the viewer into hex mode;
2394 to tell the viewer that it should interpret the bold and underline
2397 to tell the viewer to not interpret nroff commands for making the text
2404 Prompt for the substitution. An input box is shown and the text inside
2405 the braces is used as a prompt. The macro is substituted by the text
2406 typed by the user. The user can press ESC or F10 to cancel. This macro
2407 doesn't work on the command line yet.
2409 .I %var{ENV:default}
2410 If environment variable
2414 is substituted. Otherwise, the value of
2417 .\"NODE " The subshell support"
2418 .SH " The subshell support"
2419 The subshell support is a compile time option, that works with the
2420 shells: bash, tcsh and zsh.
2422 When the subshell code is activated the Midnight Commander will
2423 spawn a concurrent copy of your shell (the one defined in the
2425 variable and if it is not defined, then the one in the /etc/passwd
2426 file) and run it in a pseudo terminal, instead of invoking a new shell
2427 each time you execute a command, the command will be passed to the
2428 subshell as if you had typed it. This also allows you to change the
2429 environment variables, use shell functions and define aliases that are
2430 valid until you quit the Midnight Commander.
2434 you can specify startup
2435 commands for the subshell in your ~/.local/share/mc/bashrc file and
2436 special keyboard maps in the ~/.local/share/mc/inputrc file.
2438 users may specify startup commands in the ~/.local/share/mc/tcshrc file.
2440 When the subshell code is used, you can suspend applications at any
2441 time with the sequence C\-o and jump back to the Midnight Commander, if
2442 you interrupt an application, you will not be able to run other
2443 external commands until you quit the application you interrupted.
2445 An extra added feature of using the subshell is that the prompt
2446 displayed by the Midnight Commander is the same prompt that you are
2447 currently using in your shell.
2453 section has more information on how you can control the subshell code.
2456 The Chmod window is used to change the attribute bits in a group of
2457 files and directories. It can be invoked with the C\-x c key combination.
2459 The Chmod window has two parts \-
2464 In the File section are displayed the name of the file or directory
2465 and its permissions in octal form, as well as its owner and group.
2467 In the Permissions section there is a set of check buttons which
2468 correspond to the file attribute bits. As you change the attribute
2469 bits, you can see the octal value change in the File section.
2471 To move between the widgets (buttons and check buttons) use the
2475 key. To change the state of the check buttons or to select a button
2478 You can also use the hotkeys on the buttons to quickly activate them.
2479 Hotkeys are shown as highlighted letters on the buttons.
2481 To set the attribute bits, use the Enter key.
2483 When working with a group of files or directories, you just click on
2484 the bits you want to set or clear. Once you have selected the bits
2485 you want to change, you select one of the action buttons (Set marked
2488 Finally, to set the attributes exactly to those specified, you can use
2491 button, which will act on all the tagged files.
2494 set only marked attributes to all selected files
2497 set marked bits in attributes of all selected files
2500 clear marked bits in attributes of all selected files
2503 set the attributes of one file
2506 cancel the Chmod command
2509 The Chown command is used to change the owner/group of a file. The hot
2510 key for this command is C\-x o.
2511 .\"NODE "Advanced Chown"
2512 .SH "Advanced Chown"
2513 The Advanced Chown command is the
2521 command combined into one window. You can change the permissions and
2522 owner/group of files at once.
2523 .\"NODE "File Operations"
2524 .SH "File Operations"
2525 When you copy, move or delete files the Midnight Commander shows the
2526 file operations dialog. It shows the files currently being processed
2527 and uses up to three progress bars. The file bar indicates the
2528 percentage of the current file that has been processed so far. The
2529 count bar shows how many of the tagged files have been handled. The
2530 bytes bar indicates the percentage of the total size of the tagged files
2531 that has been handled. If the verbose option is off, the file and bytes
2534 There are two buttons at the bottom of the dialog. Pressing the Skip
2535 button will skip the rest of the current file. Pressing the Abort
2536 button will abort the whole operation, the rest of the files are
2539 There are three other dialogs which you can run into during the file
2542 The error dialog informs about error conditions and has three choices.
2543 Normally you select either the Skip button to skip the file or the Abort
2544 button to abort the operation altogether. You can also select the Retry
2545 button if you fixed the problem from another terminal.
2547 The replace dialog is shown when you attempt to copy or move a file on
2548 the top of an existing file. The dialog shows the dates and sizes of
2549 the both files. Press the Yes button to overwrite the file, the No
2550 button to skip the file, the All button to overwrite all the files, the
2551 None button to never overwrite and the Update button to overwrite if the
2552 source file is newer than the target file. You can abort the whole
2553 operation by pressing the Abort button.
2555 The recursive delete dialog is shown when you try to delete a directory
2556 which is not empty. Press the Yes button to delete the directory
2557 recursively, the No button to skip the directory, the All button to
2558 delete all the directories and the None button to skip all the non\-empty
2559 directories. You can abort the whole operation by pressing the Abort
2560 button. If you selected the Yes or All button you will be asked for a
2561 confirmation. Type "yes" only if you are really sure you want to do the
2564 If you have tagged files and perform an operation on them only the files
2565 on which the operation succeeded are untagged. Failed and skipped files
2567 .\"NODE "Mask Copy/Rename"
2568 .SH "Mask Copy/Rename"
2569 The copy/move operations let you translate the names of files in an
2570 easy way. To do it, you have to specify the correct source mask and
2571 usually in the trailing part of the destination specify some wildcards.
2572 All the files matching the source mask are copied/renamed according to
2573 the target mask. If there are tagged files, only the tagged files
2574 matching the source mask are renamed.
2576 There are other options which you can set:
2580 determines whether make the symlinks and hardlinks in the source
2581 directory (recursively in subdirectories) new links in the target
2582 directory or whether would you like to copy their content.
2584 .B Dive into subdirs
2586 determines the behavior when the source directory is about to be copied,
2587 but the target directory already exists. The default action is to copy
2588 the contents of the source directory into the target directory.
2589 Enabling this option causes copying the source directory itself into the
2592 For example, you want to copy directory
2598 which is an already existing directory. Normally (when
2599 .B Dive into subdirs
2600 is not set), mc would copy file
2604 By enabling this option the
2606 directory will be created, and
2609 .IR /bla/foo/foo/bar .
2611 .B Preserve attributes
2613 determines whether to preserve the permissions, timestamps and (if you
2614 are root) the ownership of the original files. If this option is not
2615 set, the current value of the umask will be respected.
2617 .B Use shell patterns
2619 When this option is on you can use the '*' and '?' wildcards in the source
2620 mask. They work like they do in the shell. In the target mask only the '*'
2621 and '\\<digit>' wildcards are allowed. The first '*' wildcard in the target
2622 mask corresponds to the first wildcard group in the source mask,
2623 the second '*' corresponds to the second group and so on. The '\\1' wildcard
2624 corresponds to the first wildcard group in the source mask, the '\\2' wildcard
2625 corresponds to the second group and so on all the way up to '\\9'.
2626 The '\\0' wildcard is the whole filename of the source file.
2630 If the source mask is "*.tar.gz", the destination is "/bla/*.tgz" and the
2631 file to be copied is "foo.tar.gz", the copy will be "foo.tgz" in "/bla".
2633 Suppose you want to swap basename and extension so that "file.c" would
2634 become "c.file" and so on. The source mask for this is "*.*" and the
2635 destination is "\\2.\\1".
2637 .B Use shell patterns off
2639 When the shell patterns option is off the MC doesn't do automatic
2640 grouping anymore. You must use '\\(...\\)' expressions in the source
2641 mask to specify meaning for the wildcards in the target mask. This is
2642 more flexible but also requires more typing. Otherwise target masks
2643 are similar to the situation when the shell patterns option is on.
2647 If the source mask is "^\\(.*\\)\\.tar\\.gz$", the destination is
2648 "/bla/*.tgz" and the file to be copied is "foo.tar.gz", the copy
2649 will be "/bla/foo.tgz".
2651 Let's suppose you want to swap basename and extension so that "file.c"
2652 will become "c.file" and so on. The source mask for this is
2653 "^\\(.*\\)\\.\\(.*\\)$" and the destination is "\\2.\\1".
2657 You can also change the case of the filenames. If you use '\\u'
2658 or '\\l' in the target mask, the next character will be converted to
2659 uppercase or lowercase correspondingly.
2661 If you use '\\U' or '\\L' in the target mask, the next characters will
2662 be converted to uppercase or lowercase correspondingly up to the
2663 next '\\E' or next '\\U', '\\L' or the end of the file name.
2665 The '\\u' and '\\l' are stronger than '\\U' and '\\L'.
2667 For example, if the source mask is '*' (
2668 .I Use shell patterns
2669 on) or '^\\(.*\\)$' (
2670 .I Use shell patterns
2671 off) and the target mask is '\\L\\u*' the file names will be converted
2672 to have initial upper case and otherwise lower case.
2674 You can also use '\\' as a quote character. For example, '\\\\' is
2675 a backslash and '\\*' is an asterisk.
2679 commands Midnight Commander, that it should change symlinks in the target,
2680 so that they'll point to the same location as it did before. With absolute
2681 symbolic links this does nothing, but if you have a relative one, it will
2682 recompute its value, adding necessary ../ and other directory parts and making
2683 the value as short as possible (most modern filesystems keep short symlinks
2684 inside inodes and thus don't waste much disk space).
2686 .\"NODE "Select/Unselect Files"
2687 .SH "Select/Unselect Files"
2688 The dialog of group of files and directories selection or uselection.
2693 allow enter the regular expression of filenames that will be
2694 selected/unselected.
2698 checkbox is on, only files will be selected. If
2700 is off, as files as directories will be selected.
2703 checkbox is on, the regular expression is much like the filename globbing
2704 in the shell (* standing for zero or more characters and ? standing
2705 for one character). If
2707 is off, then the tagging of files is done with normal regular
2708 expressions (see ed (1)). When
2710 checkbox is on, the selection will be case sensitive characters.
2713 is off, the case will be ignored.
2714 .\"NODE "Diff Viewer"
2715 .SH "Internal Diff Viewer"
2716 The mcdiff is a visual diff tool. You can compare two files and edit them
2717 in\-place (diffs are updated dynamically). You can browse and view a working
2718 copy from popular version control systems (GIT, Subversion, etc).
2720 Following shortcuts are available in internal diff viewer of Midnight
2724 Invoke the built\-in hypertext help viewer.
2727 Save modified files.
2730 Edit file of the left panel in the internal editor.
2733 Edit file of the right panel in the internal editor.
2736 Merge the current hunk. Only the current hunk will be merged.
2745 Exit from diff viewer.
2748 Toggle show of hunk status.
2751 Toggle show of line numbers.
2754 Maximize left panel.
2757 Make panels equal in width.
2760 Reduce the size of the right panel.
2763 Reduce the size of the left panel.
2766 Toggle show of trailing carriage return (CR) symbol as ^M.
2772 Swap contents of diff panels.
2778 Switch to the subshell and show the command screen.
2781 Find next diff hunk.
2784 Find previous diff hunk.
2790 Scroll one line forward.
2793 Scroll one line backward.
2802 Moves to the line beginning.
2805 Moves to the line end.
2808 Move to the file beginning.
2811 Move to the file end.
2812 .\"NODE "Internal File Viewer"
2813 .SH "Internal File Viewer"
2814 The internal file viewer provides two display modes: ASCII and hex.
2815 To toggle between modes, use the F4 key.
2817 The viewer will try to use the best method provided by your system or
2818 the file type to display the information.
2819 Some character sequences, which appear most often in preformatted manual
2820 pages, are displayed bold and underlined, thus making a pretty display
2823 When in hex mode, the search function accepts text in quotes and
2824 constant numbers. Text in quotes is matched exactly after removing
2825 the quotes. Each number matches one byte. You can mix quoted text
2826 with constants like this:
2829 "String" \-1 0xBB 012 "more text"
2832 Note that 012 is an octal number. \-1 is converted to 0xFF.
2834 Here is a listing of the actions associated with each key that the
2835 Midnight Commander handles in the internal file viewer.
2838 Invoke the built\-in hypertext help viewer.
2841 Toggle the wrap mode.
2844 Toggle the hex mode.
2847 Goto line. This will prompt you for a line number and will display
2851 Regular expression search.
2854 Reverse regular expression search.
2857 Normal search / hex mode search.
2860 Start normal search if there was no previous search expression else
2864 Start reverse search if there was no previous search expression else
2868 Toggle Raw/Parsed mode: This will show the file as found on disk or if
2869 a processing filter has been specified in the mc.ext file, then the
2870 output from the filter. Current mode is always the other than written
2871 on the button label, since on the button is the mode which you enter
2875 Toggle the format/unformat mode: when format mode is on the viewer
2876 will interpret some string sequences to show bold and underline with
2877 different colors. Also, on button label is the other mode than current.
2880 Exit the internal file viewer.
2882 .B next\-page, space, C\-v.
2883 Scroll one page forward.
2885 .B prev\-page, Alt\-v, C\-b, Backspace.
2886 Scroll one page backward.
2889 Scroll one line forward.
2892 Scroll one line backward.
2898 Switch to the subshell and show the command screen.
2907 Jump to the next file.
2910 Jump to the previous file.
2916 to change charset of displayed text may use M\-e (Alt\-e).
2917 Recoding is made from selected codepage into system codepage. To
2918 cancel the recoding you may select "<No translation>" in charset
2921 It's possible to instruct the file viewer how to display a file, look
2924 Extension File Edit section
2925 .\"Extension File Edit"
2927 .\"NODE "Internal File Editor"
2928 .SH "Internal File Editor"
2929 The internal file editor is a full\-featured full screen editor. It can
2930 edit files up to 64 megabytes. It is possible to edit binary files.
2931 The internal file editor is invoked using
2934 .I use_internal_edit
2935 option is set in the initialization file.
2937 The features it presently supports are: block copy, move, delete, cut,
2938 paste; key for key undo; pull\-down menus; file insertion; macro
2939 commands; regular expression search and replace; shift\-arrow text highlighting
2940 (if supported by the terminal); insert\-overwrite toggle; word wrap;
2941 autoindent; tunable tab size; syntax highlighting for various file
2942 types; and an option to pipe text blocks through shell commands like
2948 Options of editor in ini\-file
2949 .\"Internal File Editor / options"
2951 The editor is very easy to use and requires no tutoring. To see what
2952 keys do what, just consult the appropriate pull\-down menu. Other keys
2953 are: Shift movement keys do text highlighting.
2959 pastes from mcedit.clip.
2965 deletes highlighted text. Mouse highlighting also works, and you
2966 can override the mouse as usual by holding down the shift key
2967 while dragging the mouse to let normal terminal mouse highlighting
2970 To define a macro, press
2972 and then type out the key
2973 strokes you want to be executed. Press
2975 again when finished. You can then assign the macro to any key you
2976 like by pressing that key. The macro is executed when you press
2978 and then the assigned key. The macro is also executed if
2979 you press Meta, Ctrl, or Esc and the assigned key, provided that the
2980 key is not used for any other function. Once defined, the macro
2981 commands go into the file
2982 .B ~/.local/share/mc/mcedit/mcedit.macros
2983 You can delete a macro by deleting the
2984 appropriate line in this file.
2986 To change charset of displayed text may use M\-e (Alt\-e).
2987 Recoding is made from selected codepage into system codepage. To
2988 cancel the recoding you may select "<No translation>" in charset
2992 will format the currently highlighted block (plain text or
2996 code or another). This is controlled by the
2998 .B %prefix%/share/mc/edit.indent.rc
3000 .B ~/.local/share/mc/mcedit/edit.indent.rc
3001 in your home directory the first time you use it.
3003 The editor also displays non\-us characters (160+). When editing
3004 binary files, you should set
3006 to 7 bits in the options menu to keep the spacing clean.
3008 .\"NODE "Internal File Editor / options"
3009 .SH "Options of editor in ini\-file"
3011 Some editor options of ini\-file are described in this section.
3012 Options are placed in [Midnight\-Commander] section
3014 .I editor_wordcompletion_collect_entire_file
3015 Search autocomplete candidates in entire of file or just from
3016 begin of file to cursor position (0)
3018 .\"NODE "Screen selector"
3019 .SH "Screen selector"
3020 Midnight Commander supports running many internal modules (such as
3021 editor, viewer and diff viewer) simultaneously and switching between
3022 them without closing open files. Using several file managers at a time,
3023 however, is not currently supported.
3025 Let's call each of these modules a screen. There are three ways to
3026 switch between screens, using one of these global shortcuts:
3029 switch to the next screen;
3032 switch to the previous screen;
3035 open a dialog window with the list of currently open screens (or use the
3036 "Screen list" menu item).
3037 .\"NODE "Completion"
3039 Let the Midnight Commander type for you.
3041 Attempt to perform completion on the text before current position. MC
3042 attempts completion treating the text as variable (if the text begins
3045 username (if the text begins with
3047 hostname (if the text begins with
3049 or command (if you are on the command line in the position where you
3050 might type a command, possible completions then include shell reserved
3051 words and shell built\-in commands as well) in turn. If none of these
3052 matches, filename completion is attempted.
3054 Filename, username, variable and hostname completion works on all input
3055 lines, command completion is command line specific. If the completion
3056 is ambiguous (there are more different possibilities), MC beeps and the
3057 following action depends on the setting of the
3058 .I Complete: show all
3063 dialog. If it is enabled, a list of all possibilities pops up next to
3064 the current position and you can select with the arrow keys and
3066 the correct entry. You can also type the first letters in which the
3067 possibilities differ to move to a subset of all possibilities and
3068 complete as much as possible. If you press
3070 again, only the subset will be shown in the listbox, otherwise the first
3071 item which matches all the previous characters will be highlighted. As
3072 soon as there is no ambiguity, dialog disappears, but you can hide it by
3076 and left and right arrow keys. If
3080 is disabled, the dialog pops up only if you press
3082 for the second time, for the first time MC just beeps.
3083 .\"NODE "Virtual File System"
3084 .SH "Virtual File System"
3085 The Midnight Commander is provided with a code layer to access the file
3086 system; this code layer is known as the virtual file system switch. The
3087 virtual file system switch allows the Midnight Commander to manipulate
3088 files not located on the Unix file system.
3090 Currently the Midnight Commander is packaged with some Virtual File
3093 file system, used for accessing the regular Unix file system; the
3095 used to manipulate files on remote systems with the FTP protocol; the
3097 used to manipulate tar and compressed tar files; the
3099 used to recover deleted files on ext2 file systems (the default file
3100 system for Linux systems),
3102 (for manipulating files over shell connections such as rsh and ssh).
3103 If the code was compiled with
3105 (for manipulating files over SFTP connections).
3106 If the code was compiled with
3108 support, you can manipulate files on remote systems with the SMB (CIFS)
3113 (EXTernal virtual File System) is provided in order to easily expand
3114 VFS capabilities using scripts and external software.
3116 The VFS switch code will interpret all of the path names used and will
3117 forward them to the correct file system, the formats used for each one
3118 of the file systems is described later in their own section.
3119 .\"NODE " FTP File System"
3120 .SH " FTP File System"
3121 The FTP File System (ftpfs) allows you to manipulate files on remote
3122 machines. To actually use it, you can use the
3124 item in the menu or directly change your current directory using the
3126 command to a path name that looks like this:
3128 .I ftp://[!][user[:pass]@]machine[:port][remote\-dir]
3135 elements are optional. If you specify the
3137 element, the Midnight Commander will login to the remote machine as that
3138 user, otherwise it will use anonymous login or the login name from the
3142 element is the password used for the connection. Using the password in
3143 the VFS directory name is not recommended, because it can appear on the
3144 screen in clear text and can be saved to the directory history.
3146 To enable using FTP proxy, prepend
3148 (an exclamation sign) to the hostname.
3153 ftp://ftp.nuclecu.unam.mx/linux/local
3154 ftp://tsx\-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages
3155 ftp://!behind.firewall.edu/pub
3156 ftp://guest@remote\-host.com:40/pub
3157 ftp://miguel:xxx@server/pub
3164 dialog box for ftpfs options.
3165 .\"NODE " Tar File System"
3166 .SH " Tar File System"
3167 The tar file system provides you with read\-only access to your tar
3168 files and compressed tar files by using the chdir command. To change
3169 your directory to a tar file, you change your current directory to the
3170 tar file by using the following syntax:
3172 .I /filename.tar/utar://[dir\-inside\-tar]
3174 The mc.ext file already provides a shortcut for tar files, this means
3175 that usually you just point to a tar file and press return to enter
3176 into the tar file, see the
3179 .\"Extension File Edit"
3180 section for details on how this is done.
3185 mc\-3.0.tar.gz/utar://mc\-3.0/vfs
3186 /ftp/GCC/gcc\-2.7.0.tar/utar://
3189 The latter specifies the full path of the tar archive.
3190 .\"NODE " FIle transfer over SHell filesystem"
3191 .SH " FIle transfer over SHell filesystem"
3192 The fish file system is a network based file system that allows you to
3193 manipulate the files in a remote machine as if they were local. To use
3194 this, the other side has to either run fish server, or has to have
3195 bash\-compatible shell.
3197 To connect to a remote machine, you just need to chdir
3198 into a special directory which name is in the following
3201 .I sh://[user@]machine[:options]/[remote\-dir]
3208 elements are optional. If you specify the
3210 element, the Midnight Commander will try to login on the remote
3211 machine as that user, otherwise it will use your login name.
3217 'C' \- use compression;
3218 'r' \- use rsh instead of ssh;
3219 port \- specify the port used by remote server.
3223 element is present, your current directory on the remote machine will be
3229 sh://onlyrsh.mx:r/linux/local
3230 sh://joe@want.compression.edu:C/private
3231 sh://joe@noncompressed.ssh.edu/private
3232 sh://joe@somehost.ssh.edu:2222/private
3234 .\"NODE " SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) filesystem"
3235 .SH " SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) filesystem"
3236 The SFTP file system is a network based file system that allows you to
3237 manipulate the files in a remote machine as if they were local.
3239 To connect to a remote machine, you just need to chdir
3240 into a special directory which name is in the following
3243 .I sftp://[user@]machine:[port]/[remote\-dir]
3250 elements are optional. If you specify the
3252 element, the Midnight Commander will try to login on the remote
3253 machine as that user, otherwise it will use your login name.
3255 \- specify the port used by remote server (22 by default).
3258 element is present, your current directory on the remote machine will be
3264 sftp://onlyrsh.mx/linux/local
3265 sftp://joe:password@want.compression.edu/private
3266 sftp://joe@noncompressed.ssh.edu/private
3267 sftp://joe@somehost.ssh.edu:2222/private
3269 .\"NODE " Undelete File System"
3270 .SH " Undelete File System"
3271 On Linux systems, if you asked configure to use the ext2fs undelete
3272 facilities, you will have the undelete file system available.
3273 Recovery of deleted files is only available on ext2 file systems. The
3274 undelete file system is just an interface to the ext2fs library to
3275 retrieve all of the deleted files names on an ext2fs and provides and
3276 to extract the selected files into a regular partition.
3278 To use this file system, you have to chdir into the special file name
3279 formed by the "undel://" prefix and the file name where the actual
3280 file system resides.
3282 For example, to recover deleted files on the second partition of the
3283 first SCSI disk on Linux, you would use the following path name:
3289 It may take a while for the undelfs to load the required information
3290 before you start browsing files there.
3291 .\"NODE " SMB File System"
3292 .SH " SMB File System"
3293 The smbfs allows you to manipulate files on remote machines with SMB
3294 (or CIFS) protocol. These include Windows for Workgroups,
3295 Windows 9x/ME/XP, Windows NT, Windows 2000 and Samba.
3296 To actually use it, you may try to use the panel command "SMB link..."
3297 (accessible from the menubar) or you may directly change your current
3298 directory to it using the cd command to a path name that looks like this:
3300 .I smb://[user@]machine[/service][/remote\-dir]
3307 elements are optional.
3313 can be specified in an input dialog.
3320 smb://guest@machine/Public/Irlex
3322 .\"NODE " EXTernal File System"
3323 .SH " EXTernal File System"
3325 allows you to integrate numerous features and file types into GNU Midnight
3326 Commander in an easy way, by writing scripts.
3328 Extfs filesystems can be divided into two categories:
3330 1. Stand\-alone filesystems, which are not associated with any existing
3331 file. They represent certain system\-wide data as a directory tree.
3332 You can invoke them by typing
3333 .RI ' "cd fsname://" '
3334 where fsname is an extfs short name (see below). Examples of such
3335 filesystems include audio (list audio tracks on the CD) or apt (list of
3336 all Debian packages in the system).
3338 For example, to list CD\-Audio tracks on your CD\-ROM drive, type
3344 2. 'Archive' filesystems (like rpm, patchfs and more), which represent
3345 contents of a file as a directory tree. It can consist of 'real' files
3346 compressed in an archive (urar, rpm) or virtual files, like messages
3347 in a mailbox (mailfs) or parts of a patch (patchfs). To access such
3350 should be appended to the archive name. Note that the archive itself
3351 can be on another vfs.
3353 For example, to list contents of a zip archive documents.zip type
3356 cd documents.zip/uzip://
3359 In many aspects, you could treat extfs like any other directory. For
3360 instance, you can add it to the hotlist or change to it from directory
3361 history. An important limitation is that you cannot invoke shell
3362 commands inside extfs, just like any other non\-local VFS.
3364 Common extfs scripts included with Midnight Commander are:
3367 access 'A:' DOS/Windows diskette
3371 front end to Debian's APT package management system
3372 .RI ( "cd apt://" ).
3375 audio CD ripping and playing
3378 .IR "cd device/audio://" ).
3381 package of Bad Penguin GNU/Linux distribution
3382 .RI ( "cd file.bpp/bpp://" ).
3385 package of Debian GNU/Linux distribution
3386 .RI ( "cd file.deb/deb://" ).
3389 Debian GNU/Linux installed packages
3390 .RI ( "cd deb://" ).
3393 view and copy files to/from a HP48 calculator
3394 .RI ( "cd hp48://" ).
3397 browsing of lslR listings as found on many FTPs
3398 .RI ( "cd filename/lslR://" ).
3401 mbox\-style mailbox files support
3402 .RI ( "cd mailbox/mailfs://" ).
3405 extfs to handle unified and context diffs
3406 .RI ( "cd filename/patchfs://" ).
3410 .RI ( "cd filename/rpm://" ).
3413 RPM database management
3414 .RI ( "cd rpms://" ).
3416 .B ulha, urar, uzip, uzoo, uar, uha
3418 .RI ( "cd archive/xxxx://"
3419 where xxxx is one of:
3427 You could bind file type/extension to specified extfs as described in the
3430 .\"Extension File Edit"
3431 section. Here is an example entry for Debian packages:
3439 The Midnight Commander will try to detect if your terminal supports
3440 color using the terminal database and your terminal name. Sometimes
3441 it gets confused, so you may force color mode or disable color mode
3442 using the \-c and \-b flag respectively.
3444 If the program is compiled with the Slang screen manager instead of
3445 ncurses, it will also check the variable
3447 if it is set, it has the same effect as the \-c flag.
3449 You may specify terminals that always force color mode
3452 variable to the Colors section of the initialization file. This will
3453 prevent the Midnight Commander from trying to detect if your terminal
3454 supports color. Example:
3458 color_terminals=linux,xterm
3459 color_terminals=terminal\-name1,terminal\-name2...
3462 The program can be compiled with both ncurses and slang, ncurses does
3463 not provide a way to force color mode: ncurses uses just the
3464 information in the terminal database.
3466 The Midnight Commander provides a way to change the default colors.
3467 Currently the colors are configured using the environment variable
3469 or the Colors section in the initialization file.
3471 In the Colors section, the default color map is loaded from the
3473 variable. You can specify an alternate color map for a terminal by
3474 using the terminal name as the key in this section. Example:
3479 xterm=menu=magenta:marked=,magenta:markselect=,red
3482 The format for the color definition is:
3485 <keyword>=<fgcolor>,<bgcolor>,<attributes>:<keyword>=...
3488 The colors are optional, and the keywords are: normal, selected, disabled, marked,
3489 markselect, errors, input, inputmark, inputunchanged, commandlinemark,
3490 reverse, gauge, header, inputhistory, commandhistory. Button bar colors are:
3491 bbarhotkey, bbarbutton. Status bar color: statusbar. Menu colors are: menunormal,
3492 menusel, menuhot, menuhotsel, menuinactive. Dialog colors are: dnormal, dfocus,
3493 dhotnormal, dhotfocus, dtitle. Error dialog colors are: errdfocus, errdhotnormal,
3494 errdhotfocus, errdtitle. Help colors are: helpnormal, helpitalic, helpbold,
3495 helplink, helpslink, helptitle. Viewer color are: viewbold, viewunderline, viewselected.
3496 Editor colors are: editnormal, editbold, editmarked, editwhitespace, editlinestate.
3497 Popup menu colors are: pmenunormal, pmenusel, pmenutitle.
3500 determines the color of panel header, the line that contains column titles
3501 and sort mode indicator.
3504 determines the color of input lines used in query dialogs.
3507 determines the color of the filled part of the progress bar (gauge),
3508 which is used to show the user the progress of file operations, such as
3512 determines the color of the widget that cannot be selected.
3514 The dialog boxes use the following colors:
3516 is used for the normal text,
3518 is the color used for the currently selected component,
3520 is the color used to differentiate the hotkey color in normal
3521 components, whereas the
3523 color is used for the highlighted color in the currently selected
3526 Menus use the same scheme but uses the menunormal, menusel, menuhot, menuhotsel
3527 and menuinactive tags instead.
3529 Help uses the following colors:
3531 is used for normal text,
3533 is used for text which is emphasized in italic in the manual page,
3535 is used for text which is emphasized in bold in the manual page,
3537 is used for not selected hyperlinks and
3539 is used for selected hyperlink.
3541 Popup menu uses following colors:
3543 is used for non-selected menu items and as a main color of popup menu window,
3545 is used for selected menu item,
3547 is used for popup menu title.
3549 The possible colors are: black, gray, red, brightred, green,
3550 brightgreen, brown, yellow, blue, brightblue, magenta, brightmagenta,
3551 cyan, brightcyan, lightgray and white. And there is a special keyword
3552 for transparent background. It is 'default'. The 'default' can only be
3553 used for background color. Another special keyword "base" means mc's main
3554 colors. When 256 colors are available, they can be specified either as
3555 color16 to color255, or as rgb000 to rgb555 and gray0 to gray23. Example:
3559 base_color=normal=white,default:marked=magenta,default
3562 Attributes can be any of bold, underline, reverse and blink, appended by a
3563 plus sign if more than one are desired. The special word "none" means no
3564 attributes, without attempting to fall back to base_color. Example:
3567 menuhotsel=yellow;black;bold+underline
3572 You can change the appearance of Midnight Commander.
3573 To do this, you must specify a file that contain descriptions of colors
3574 and lines to draw boxes. Redefining of the colors is entirely compatible
3575 with the assignment of colors, as described in Section
3580 If your skin contains any of 256\-color definitions, you should define
3581 the '256colors' key set to TRUE value in [skin] section.
3584 A skin\-file is searched on the following algorithm (to the first one found):
3587 1) command line option
3590 .B \-\-skin=\<skin\>
3592 2) Environment variable
3598 .B [Midnight\-Commander]
3602 .B %sysconfdir%/mc/skins/default.ini
3605 .B %prefix%/share/mc/skins/default.ini
3608 Command line option, environment variable and parameter in config file may
3609 contain the absolute path to the skin\-file (with the extension \.ini
3610 or without it). Search of skin\-file will occur in (to the first one found):
3613 .B ~/.local/share/mc/skins/
3616 .B @sysconfdir@/mc/skins/
3619 .B %prefix%/share/mc/skins/
3623 For getting extended info, refer to:
3626 Description of section and parameters
3630 Color pair definitions
3642 .\"NODE " Skins sections"
3643 .SH " Description of section and parameters"
3647 contain metainfo for skin\-file. Parameter
3649 contain short text about skin.
3654 contain descriptions of color pairs for filenames highlighting.
3655 Name of parameters must be equal to names of sections into
3656 filehighlight.ini file.
3660 .\"Filenames Highlight"
3661 for getting more info.
3666 describes the elements that are used everywhere.
3669 Default color pair. Used in all other sections if they not contain
3679 cursor on selected data
3682 color of the filled part of the progress bar
3685 color of input lines used in query dialogs
3688 color of input selected text
3691 color of input text before first modification or cursor movement
3694 color of selected text in command line
3701 describes the elements that are placed on dialog windows (except error dialogs).
3704 Default color for this section. Used [core]._default_ if not specified
3707 Color of active element (in focus)
3713 Color of hotkeys in focused element
3718 describes the elements that are placed on error dialog windows
3721 Default color for this section. Used [core]._default_ if not specified
3727 Color of hotkeys in focused element
3732 describes the elements that are placed in menu. This section describes
3733 system menu (called by F9) and user\-defined menus (called by F2 in panels
3734 and by F11 in editor).
3737 Default color for this section. Used [core]._default_ if not specified
3743 Color of menu hotkeys
3746 Color of active menu item (in focus)
3749 Color of menu hotkeys in focused menu item
3752 Color of inactive menu
3757 describes the elements that are placed on help window.
3760 Default color for this section. Used [core]._default_ if not specified
3763 Color pair for element with
3768 Color pair for element with
3776 Color of active link (on focus)
3781 describes the colors of elements placed in editor.
3784 Default color for this section. Used [core]._default_ if not specified
3787 Color pair for element with
3792 Color of selected text
3795 Color of tabs and trailing spaces highlighting
3798 Color for line state area
3803 describes the colors of elements placed in viewer.
3806 Color pair for element with
3810 .\"NODE " Skins colors"
3811 .SH " Color pair definitions"
3812 Any parameter in skin\-file contain definition of color pair.
3814 Color pairs described as two colors and the optional attributes
3815 separated by ';'. First field sets the foreground color, second
3816 field sets background color, third field sets the attributes.
3817 Any of the fields may be omitted, in this case value will be
3818 taken from default color pair (global color pair or from default
3819 color pair of this section).
3826 _default_=green;black
3827 # green (default) on blue
3829 # yellow on black (default)
3830 # underlined yellow on black (default)
3831 marked=yellow;;underline
3835 Possible colors (names) and attributes are described in
3841 .\"NODE " Skins lines"
3843 Lines sets in section
3845 into skin\-file. By default single lines are used, but you may redefine
3846 to usage of any utf\-8 symbols (like to lines, for example).
3849 When you build Midnight Commander with the Ncurses screen library
3850 usage of drawing lines is limited!
3851 Possible only drawing a single lines.
3852 For all questions and comments please contact the developers of Ncurses.
3855 Descriptions of parameters
3859 left\-top line fragment.
3862 right\-top line fragment.
3865 down branch of horizontal line
3868 up branch of horizontal line
3871 left\-bottom line fragment
3874 right\-bottom line fragment
3877 right branch of vertical line
3880 left branch of vertical line
3892 thin horizontal line
3898 .\"NODE " Skins oldcolors"
3899 .SH " Compatibility"
3901 Appointment of color by skin\-files fully compatible with
3902 the appointment of the colors described in
3908 In this case, reassignment of colors has priority over the skin file and is
3911 .\"NODE "Filenames Highlight"
3912 .SH "Filenames Highlight"
3913 Section [filehighlight] in current skin\-file contains key names as
3914 highlight groups and values as color pairs. Color pairs is documented
3921 Rules of filenames highlight are placed in %prefix%/share/mc/filehighlight.ini file
3922 (~/.config/mc/filehighlight.ini).
3923 Name of section in this file must be equal to parameters names in
3924 [filehighlight] section (in current skin\-file).
3926 Keys in these groups are:
3929 file type. If present, all other options are ignored.
3932 regular expression. If present, 'extensions' option is ignored.
3935 list of extensions of files. Separated by ';' sign.
3938 (make sense only with 'extensions' parameter) make 'extensions'
3939 rule case sentitive (true) or not (false).
3941 `type' key may have values:
3945 \- DIR (all directories)
3947 \- LINK (all links except stale link)
3951 \- DEVICE (all device files)
3954 \- SPECIAL (all special files)
3961 .\"NODE "Special Settings"
3962 .SH "Special Settings"
3963 Most of the Midnight Commander settings can be changed from the
3964 menus. However, there are a small number of settings which can only be
3965 changed by editing the setup file.
3967 These variables may be set in your ~/.config/mc/ini file:
3969 .I clear_before_exec
3970 By default the Midnight Commander clears the screen before executing a
3971 command. If you would prefer to see the output of the command at the
3972 bottom of the screen, edit your ~/.config/mc/ini file and change the value of
3973 the field clear_before_exec to 0.
3976 If you press F3 on a directory, normally MC enters that directory. If
3977 this flag is set to 1, then MC will ask for confirmation before changing
3978 the directory if you have files tagged.
3980 .I ftpfs_retry_seconds
3981 This value is the number of seconds the Midnight Commander will wait
3982 before attempting to reconnect to an FTP server that has denied the
3983 login. If the value is zero, the login will no be retried.
3986 Specifies how many screen updates can be skipped at most in the internal
3987 file viewer. Normally this value is not significant, because the code
3988 automatically adjusts the number of updates to skip according to the
3989 rate of incoming keystrokes. However, on very slow machines or
3990 terminals with a fast keyboard auto repeat, a big value can make screen
3993 It seems that setting max_dirt_limit to 10 causes the best behavior,
3994 and that is the default value.
3996 .I mouse_move_pages_viewer
3997 Controls if scrolling with the mouse is done by pages or line by line
3998 on the internal file viewer.
4000 .I only_leading_plus_minus
4001 Allow special treatment for '+', '\-', '*' in the command line (select,
4002 unselect, reverse selection) only if the command line is empty. You
4003 don't need to quote those characters in the middle of the command line.
4004 On the other hand, you cannot use them to change selection when the
4005 command line is not empty.
4007 .I show_output_starts_shell
4008 This variable only works if you are not using the subshell support.
4009 When you use the C\-o keystroke to go back to the user screen, if this
4010 one is set, you will get a fresh shell. Otherwise, pressing any key
4011 will bring you back to the Midnight Commander.
4013 .I timeformat_recent
4014 Change the time format used to display dates less than 6 months from
4016 See strftime or date man page for the format specification. If this
4017 option is absent, default timeformat is used.
4020 Change the time format used to display dates older than 6 months from
4021 now or for dates in the future.
4022 See strftime or date man page for the format specification. If this
4023 option is absent, default timeformat is used.
4026 If this flag is set, then the home and end keys will work slightly
4027 different on the panels, instead of moving the selection to the first
4028 and last files in the panels, they will act as follows:
4030 The home key will: Go up to the middle line, if below it; else go to the
4031 top line unless it is already on the top line, in this case it will go
4032 to the first file in the panel.
4034 The end key has a similar behavior: Go down to the middle line, if over
4035 it; else go to the bottom line unless you already are at the bottom
4036 line, in such case it will move the selection to the last file name in
4039 .I use_file_to_guess_type
4040 If this variable is on (the default) it will spawn the file command to
4041 match the file types listed on the
4044 .\"Extension File Edit"
4047 If this variable is on (default is off) when you browse the file system
4048 on a Tree panel, it will automatically reload the other panel with the
4049 contents of the selected directory.
4051 .I fish_directory_timeout
4052 This variable holds the lifetime of a directory cache entry in seconds. The
4053 default value is 900 seconds.
4056 This variable contains path (with options) to the external clipboard
4057 utility like 'xclip' to read text into X selection from file.
4061 clipboard_store=xclip \-i
4065 This variable contains path (with options) to the external clipboard
4066 utility like 'xclip' to print the selection to standard out.
4070 clipboard_pastee=xclip \-o
4073 .I autodetect_codeset
4074 This option allows use the `enca' command to autodetect codeset of text files
4075 in internal viewer and editor. List of valid values can be obtain by the
4076 `enca \-\-list languages | cut \-d : \-f1' command. Option must be located
4077 in the [Misc] section.
4082 autodetect_codeset=russian
4084 .\"NODE "Terminal databases"
4085 .SH "Terminal databases"
4086 The Midnight Commander provides a way to fix your system terminal
4087 database without requiring root privileges. The Midnight Commander
4088 searches in the system initialization file (the mc.lib file located in
4089 the Midnight Commander library directory) and in the
4090 ~/.config/mc/ini file for the section
4091 "terminal:your\-terminal\-name" and then for the section
4092 "terminal:general", each line of the section contains a key symbol that
4093 you want to define, followed by an equal sign and the definition for the
4094 key. You can use the special \\e form to represent the escape character
4095 and the ^x to represent the control\-x character.
4097 The possible key symbols are:
4100 f0 to f20 Function keys f0\-f20
4107 right right arrow key
4110 insert the insert character
4111 delete the delete character
4112 complete to do completion
4115 For example, to define the key insert to be the Escape + [ + O + p, you
4116 set this in the ini file:
4123 Also now you can use
4124 .I extended learn keys.
4128 ctrl\-alt\-right=\\e[[1;6C
4129 ctrl\-alt\-left=\\e[[1;6D
4133 This means that ctrl+alt+left sends a \\e[[1;6D escape sequence
4134 and therefore Midnight Commander interprets "\\e[[1;6D" as Ctrl\-Alt\-Left.
4139 key symbol represents the escape sequences used to invoke the completion
4140 process, this is invoked with Alt\-tab, but you can define other keys to do
4141 the same work (on those keyboard with tons of nice and unused keys
4146 Full paths below may vary between installations. They are also affected
4149 environment variable. If it's set, its value is used instead of
4150 %prefix%/share/mc in the paths below.
4152 .I %prefix%/share/mc/mc.hlp
4154 The help file for the program.
4156 .I %prefix%/share/mc/mc.ext
4158 The default system\-wide extensions file.
4160 .I ~/.config/mc/mc.ext
4162 User's own extension, view configuration and edit configuration
4163 file. They override the contents of the system wide files if present.
4165 .I %prefix%/share/mc/mc.ini
4167 The default system\-wide setup for the Midnight Commander, used only if
4168 the user doesn't have his own ~/.config/mc/ini file.
4170 .I %prefix%/share/mc/mc.lib
4172 Global settings for the Midnight Commander. Settings in this file
4173 affect all users, whether they have ~/.config/mc/ini or not. Currently, only
4176 .\"Terminal databases"
4177 are loaded from mc.lib.
4181 User's own setup. If this file is present then the setup is loaded
4182 from here instead of the system\-wide startup file.
4184 .I %prefix%/share/mc/mc.hint
4186 This file contains the hints displayed by the program.
4188 .I %prefix%/share/mc/mc.menu
4190 This file contains the default system\-wide applications menu.
4192 .I ~/.config/mc/menu
4194 User's own application menu. If this file is present it is used instead
4195 of the system\-wide applications menu.
4199 The directory list for the directory tree and tree view features.
4201 .I ~/.local/share/mc.menu
4203 Local user\-defined menu. If this file is present, it is used instead of
4204 the home or system\-wide applications menu.
4206 To change default root directory of MC, you can use
4208 environment variable. The value of MC_HOME must be an absolute path. If MC_HOME
4209 is unset or empty, HOME variable is used. If HOME is unset or empty, MC
4210 directories are get from GLib library.
4213 This program is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public
4214 License as published by the Free Software Foundation. See the built\-in
4215 help for details on the License and the lack of warranty.
4216 .\"NODE "AVAILABILITY"
4218 The latest version of this program can be found at
4219 ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mc/.
4222 ed(1), gpm(1), terminfo(1), view(1), sh(1), bash(1),
4226 The Midnight Commander page on the World Wide Web:
4227 http://www.midnight\-commander.org/
4231 Authors and contributors are listed in the AUTHORS file in the source
4235 See the file TODO in the distribution for information on what remains to
4238 If you want to report a problem with the program, please send mail to
4239 this address: mc\-devel@gnome.org.
4241 Provide a detailed description of the bug, the version of the program
4244 displays this information), the operating system you are running the
4245 program on. If the program crashes, we would appreciate a stack trace.