1 # Emacs Markdown Mode [![MELPA badge][melpa-badge]][melpa-link] [![MELPA stable badge][melpa-stable-badge]][melpa-stable-link] [![Travis CI Build Status][travis-badge]][travis-link] [![Guide to Markdown Mode for Emacs][leanpub-badge]][leanpub-link]
3 [melpa-link]: https://melpa.org/#/markdown-mode
4 [melpa-stable-link]: https://stable.melpa.org/#/markdown-mode
5 [melpa-badge]: https://melpa.org/packages/markdown-mode-badge.svg
6 [melpa-stable-badge]: https://stable.melpa.org/packages/markdown-mode-badge.svg
7 [travis-link]: https://travis-ci.org/jrblevin/markdown-mode
8 [travis-badge]: https://travis-ci.org/jrblevin/markdown-mode.svg?branch=master
9 [leanpub-link]: https://leanpub.com/markdown-mode
10 [leanpub-badge]: https://img.shields.io/badge/leanpub-guide-orange.svg
12 markdown-mode is a major mode for editing [Markdown][]-formatted
13 text. The latest stable version is markdown-mode 2.3, released on
14 August 31, 2017. See the [release notes][] for details.
15 markdown-mode is free software, licensed under the GNU GPL,
18 ![Markdown Mode Screenshot](https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/screenshots/20170818-001.png)
20 [Markdown]: http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
21 [release notes]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/rev-2-3
25 <a href="https://leanpub.com/markdown-mode">
26 <img src="https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/guide-v2.3.png" align="right" height="350" width="231">
29 The primary documentation for Markdown Mode is available below, and
30 is generated from comments in the source code. For a more in-depth
31 treatment, the [_Guide to Markdown Mode for Emacs_][guide] covers
32 Markdown syntax, advanced movement and editing in Emacs,
33 extensions, configuration examples, tips and tricks, and a survey
34 of other packages that work with Markdown Mode. Finally, Emacs is
35 also a self-documenting editor. This means that the source code
36 itself contains additional documentation: each function has its own
37 docstring available via <kbd>C-h f</kbd> (`describe-function`), individual
38 keybindings can be investigated with <kbd>C-h k</kbd> (`describe-key`), and
39 a complete list of keybindings is available using <kbd>C-h m</kbd>
42 [guide]: https://leanpub.com/markdown-mode
46 _Note:_ To use all of the features of `markdown-mode`, you'll need
47 to install the Emacs package itself and also have a local Markdown
48 processor installed (e.g., Markdown.pl, MultiMarkdown, or Pandoc).
49 The external processor is not required for editing, but will be
50 used for rendering HTML for preview and export. After installing
51 the Emacs package, be sure to configure `markdown-command` to point
52 to the preferred Markdown executable on your system. See the
53 Customization section below for more details.
55 The recommended way to install `markdown-mode` is to install the package
56 from [MELPA Stable](https://stable.melpa.org/#/markdown-mode)
57 using `package.el`. First, configure `package.el` and the MELPA Stable
58 repository by adding the following to your `.emacs`, `init.el`,
59 or equivalent startup file:
63 (add-to-list 'package-archives
64 '("melpa-stable" . "https://stable.melpa.org/packages/"))
68 Then, after restarting Emacs or evaluating the above statements, issue
69 the following command: <kbd>M-x package-install RET markdown-mode RET</kbd>.
70 When installed this way, the major modes `markdown-mode` and `gfm-mode`
71 will be autoloaded and `markdown-mode` will be used for file names
72 ending in either `.md` or `.markdown`.
74 Alternatively, if you manage loading packages with [use-package][]
75 then you can automatically install and configure `markdown-mode` by
76 adding a declaration such as this one to your init file (as an
77 example; adjust settings as desired):
80 (use-package markdown-mode
82 :mode (("README\\.md\\'" . gfm-mode)
83 ("\\.md\\'" . markdown-mode)
84 ("\\.markdown\\'" . markdown-mode))
85 :init (setq markdown-command "multimarkdown"))
88 [MELPA Stable]: http://stable.melpa.org/
89 [use-package]: https://github.com/jwiegley/use-package
93 Alternatively you can manually download and install markdown-mode.
94 First, download the [latest stable version][markdown-mode.el] and
95 save the file where Emacs can find it (i.e., a directory in your
96 `load-path`). You can then configure `markdown-mode` and `gfm-mode`
97 to load automatically by adding the following to your init file:
100 (autoload 'markdown-mode "markdown-mode"
101 "Major mode for editing Markdown files" t)
102 (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.markdown\\'" . markdown-mode))
103 (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.md\\'" . markdown-mode))
105 (autoload 'gfm-mode "markdown-mode"
106 "Major mode for editing GitHub Flavored Markdown files" t)
107 (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("README\\.md\\'" . gfm-mode))
110 [markdown-mode.el]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/markdown-mode.el
112 **Development Version**
114 To follow or contribute to markdown-mode development, you can
115 browse or clone the Git repository
116 [on GitHub](https://github.com/jrblevin/markdown-mode):
119 git clone https://github.com/jrblevin/markdown-mode.git
122 If you prefer to install and use the development version, which may
123 become unstable at some times, you can either clone the Git
124 repository as above or install markdown-mode from
125 [MELPA](https://melpa.org/#/markdown-mode).
127 If you clone the repository directly, then make sure that Emacs can
128 find it by adding the following line to your startup file:
131 (add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/markdown-mode/repository")
134 **Packaged Installation**
136 markdown-mode is also available in several package managers. You
137 may want to confirm that the package you install contains the
138 latest stable version first (and please notify the package
141 * Debian Linux: [elpa-markdown-mode][] and [emacs-goodies-el][]
142 * Ubuntu Linux: [elpa-markdown-mode][elpa-ubuntu] and [emacs-goodies-el][emacs-goodies-el-ubuntu]
143 * RedHat and Fedora Linux: [emacs-goodies][]
144 * NetBSD: [textproc/markdown-mode][]
145 * MacPorts: [markdown-mode.el][macports-package] ([pending][macports-ticket])
146 * FreeBSD: [textproc/markdown-mode.el][freebsd-port]
148 [elpa-markdown-mode]: https://packages.debian.org/sid/lisp/elpa-markdown-mode
149 [elpa-ubuntu]: http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=elpa-markdown-mode
150 [emacs-goodies-el]: http://packages.debian.org/emacs-goodies-el
151 [emacs-goodies-el-ubuntu]: http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=emacs-goodies-el
152 [emacs-goodies]: https://apps.fedoraproject.org/packages/emacs-goodies
153 [textproc/markdown-mode]: http://pkgsrc.se/textproc/markdown-mode
154 [macports-package]: https://trac.macports.org/browser/trunk/dports/editors/markdown-mode.el/Portfile
155 [macports-ticket]: http://trac.macports.org/ticket/35716
156 [freebsd-port]: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/ports/head/textproc/markdown-mode.el
160 To enable editing of code blocks in indirect buffers using <kbd>C-c '</kbd>,
161 you will need to install the [`edit-indirect`][ei] package.
163 [ei]: https://github.com/Fanael/edit-indirect/
167 Keybindings are grouped by prefixes based on their function. For
168 example, the commands for styling text are grouped under <kbd>C-c C-s</kbd>
169 and toggle commands begin with <kbd>C-c C-x</kbd>. The primary commands in
170 each group will are described below. You can obtain a list of all
171 keybindings by pressing <kbd>C-c C-h</kbd>. Movement and shifting commands
172 tend to be associated with paired delimiters such as <kbd>M-{</kbd> and
173 <kbd>M-}</kbd> or <kbd>C-c <</kbd> and <kbd>C-c ></kbd>. Outline navigation keybindings the
174 same as in `org-mode`. Finally, commands for running Markdown or
175 doing maintenance on an open file are grouped under the <kbd>C-c C-c</kbd>
176 prefix. The most commonly used commands are described below. You
177 can obtain a list of all keybindings by pressing <kbd>C-c C-h</kbd>.
179 * Links and Images: <kbd>C-c C-l</kbd> and <kbd>C-c C-i</kbd>
181 <kbd>C-c C-l</kbd> (`markdown-insert-link`) is a general command for
182 inserting new link markup or editing existing link markup. This
183 is especially useful when markup or URL hiding is enabled, so
184 that URLs can't easily be edited directly. This command can be
185 used to insert links of any form: either inline links,
186 reference links, or plain URLs in angle brackets. The URL or
187 `[reference]` label, link text, and optional title are entered
188 through a series of interactive prompts. The type of link is
189 determined by which values are provided:
191 * If both a URL and link text are given, insert an inline link:
193 * If both a `[reference]` label and link text are given, insert
194 a reference link: `[text][reference]`.
195 * If only link text is given, insert an implicit reference link:
197 * If only a URL is given, insert a plain URL link:
200 Similarly, <kbd>C-c C-i</kbd> (`markdown-insert-image`) is a general
201 command for inserting or editing image markup. As with the link
202 insertion command, through a series interactive prompts you can
203 insert either an inline or reference image:
205 * If both a URL and alt text are given, insert an inline
206 image: `![alt text](url)`.
207 * If both a `[reference]` label and alt text are given,
208 insert a reference link: `![alt text][reference]`.
210 If there is an existing link or image at the point, these
211 command will edit the existing markup rather than inserting new
212 markup. Otherwise, if there is an active region, these commands
213 use the region as either the default URL (if it seems to be a
214 URL) or link text value otherwise. In that case, the region
215 will be deleted and replaced by the link.
217 Note that these functions can be used to convert links and
218 images from one type to another (inline, reference, or plain
219 URL) by selectively adding or removing properties via the
222 If a reference label is given that is not yet defined, you
223 will be prompted for the URL and optional title and the
224 reference will be inserted according to the value of
225 `markdown-reference-location`. If a title is given, it will be
226 added to the end of the reference definition and will be used
227 to populate the title attribute when converted to HTML.
229 Local images associated with image links may be displayed
230 inline in the buffer by pressing <kbd>C-c C-x C-i</kbd>
231 (`markdown-toggle-inline-images`). This is a toggle command, so
232 pressing this once again will remove inline images. Large
233 images may be scaled down to fit in the buffer using
234 `markdown-max-image-size`, a cons cell of the form
235 `(max-width . max-height)`. Resizing requires Emacs to be
236 built with ImageMagick support.
238 * Text Styles: <kbd>C-c C-s</kbd>
240 <kbd>C-c C-s i</kbd> inserts markup to make a region or word italic. If
241 there is an active region, make the region italic. If the point
242 is at a non-italic word, make the word italic. If the point is
243 at an italic word or phrase, remove the italic markup.
244 Otherwise, simply insert italic delimiters and place the point
245 in between them. Similarly, use <kbd>C-c C-s b</kbd> for bold, <kbd>C-c C-s c</kbd>
246 for inline code, and <kbd>C-c C-s k</kbd> for inserting `<kbd>` tags.
248 <kbd>C-c C-s q</kbd> inserts a blockquote using the active region, if
249 any, or starts a new blockquote. <kbd>C-c C-s Q</kbd> is a variation
250 which always operates on the region, regardless of whether it
251 is active or not (i.e., when `transient-mark-mode` is off but
252 the mark is set). The appropriate amount of indentation, if
253 any, is calculated automatically given the surrounding context,
254 but may be adjusted later using the region indentation
257 <kbd>C-c C-s p</kbd> behaves similarly for inserting preformatted code
258 blocks (with <kbd>C-c C-s P</kbd> being the region-only counterpart)
259 and <kbd>C-c C-s C</kbd> inserts a GFM style backquote fenced code block.
261 * Headings: <kbd>C-c C-s</kbd>
263 To insert or replace headings, there are two options. You can
264 insert a specific level heading directly or you can have
265 `markdown-mode` determine the level for you based on the previous
266 heading. As with the other markup commands, the heading
267 insertion commands use the text in the active region, if any,
268 as the heading text. Otherwise, if the current line is not
269 blank, they use the text on the current line. Finally, the
270 setext commands will prompt for heading text if there is no
271 active region and the current line is blank.
273 <kbd>C-c C-s h</kbd> inserts a heading with automatically chosen type and
274 level (both determined by the previous heading). <kbd>C-c C-s H</kbd>
275 behaves similarly, but uses setext (underlined) headings when
276 possible, still calculating the level automatically.
277 In cases where the automatically-determined level is not what
278 you intended, the level can be quickly promoted or demoted
279 (as described below). Alternatively, a <kbd>C-u</kbd> prefix can be
280 given to insert a heading _promoted_ (lower number) by one
281 level or a <kbd>C-u C-u</kbd> prefix can be given to insert a heading
282 demoted (higher number) by one level.
284 To insert a heading of a specific level and type, use <kbd>C-c C-s 1</kbd>
285 through <kbd>C-c C-s 6</kbd> for atx (hash mark) headings and <kbd>C-c C-s !</kbd> or
286 <kbd>C-c C-s @</kbd> for setext headings of level one or two, respectively.
287 Note that <kbd>!</kbd> is <kbd>S-1</kbd> and <kbd>@</kbd> is <kbd>S-2</kbd>.
289 If the point is at a heading, these commands will replace the
290 existing markup in order to update the level and/or type of the
291 heading. To remove the markup of the heading at the point,
292 press <kbd>C-c C-k</kbd> to kill the heading and press <kbd>C-y</kbd> to yank the
293 heading text back into the buffer.
295 * Horizontal Rules: <kbd>C-c C-s -</kbd>
297 <kbd>C-c C-s -</kbd> inserts a horizontal rule. By default, insert the
298 first string in the list `markdown-hr-strings` (the most
299 prominent rule). With a <kbd>C-u</kbd> prefix, insert the last string.
300 With a numeric prefix <kbd>N</kbd>, insert the string in position <kbd>N</kbd>
303 * Footnotes: <kbd>C-c C-s f</kbd>
305 <kbd>C-c C-s f</kbd> inserts a footnote marker at the point, inserts a
306 footnote definition below, and positions the point for
307 inserting the footnote text. Note that footnotes are an
308 extension to Markdown and are not supported by all processors.
310 * Wiki Links: <kbd>C-c C-s w</kbd>
312 <kbd>C-c C-s w</kbd> inserts a wiki link of the form `[[WikiLink]]`. If
313 there is an active region, use the region as the link text. If the
314 point is at a word, use the word as the link text. If there is
315 no active region and the point is not at word, simply insert
316 link markup. Note that wiki links are an extension to Markdown
317 and are not supported by all processors.
319 * Markdown and Maintenance Commands: <kbd>C-c C-c</kbd>
321 *Compile:* <kbd>C-c C-c m</kbd> will run Markdown on the current buffer
322 and show the output in another buffer. *Preview*: <kbd>C-c C-c p</kbd>
323 runs Markdown on the current buffer and previews, stores the
324 output in a temporary file, and displays the file in a browser.
325 *Export:* <kbd>C-c C-c e</kbd> will run Markdown on the current buffer
326 and save the result in the file `basename.html`, where
327 `basename` is the name of the Markdown file with the extension
328 removed. *Export and View:* press <kbd>C-c C-c v</kbd> to export the
329 file and view it in a browser. *Open:* <kbd>C-c C-c o</kbd> will open
330 the Markdown source file directly using `markdown-open-command`.
331 *Live Export*: Press <kbd>C-c C-c l</kbd> to turn on
332 `markdown-live-preview-mode` to view the exported output
333 side-by-side with the source Markdown. **For all export commands,
334 the output file will be overwritten without notice.**
335 `markdown-live-preview-window-function` can be customized to open
336 in a browser other than `eww`. If you want to force the
337 preview window to appear at the bottom or right, you can
338 customize `markdown-split-window-direction`.
342 - <kbd>C-c C-c m</kbd>: `markdown-command` > `*markdown-output*` buffer.
343 - <kbd>C-c C-c p</kbd>: `markdown-command` > temporary file > browser.
344 - <kbd>C-c C-c e</kbd>: `markdown-command` > `basename.html`.
345 - <kbd>C-c C-c v</kbd>: `markdown-command` > `basename.html` > browser.
346 - <kbd>C-c C-c w</kbd>: `markdown-command` > kill ring.
347 - <kbd>C-c C-c o</kbd>: `markdown-open-command`.
348 - <kbd>C-c C-c l</kbd>: `markdown-live-preview-mode` > `*eww*` buffer.
350 <kbd>C-c C-c c</kbd> will check for undefined references. If there are
351 any, a small buffer will open with a list of undefined
352 references and the line numbers on which they appear. In Emacs
353 22 and greater, selecting a reference from this list and
354 pressing <kbd>RET</kbd> will insert an empty reference definition at the
355 end of the buffer. Similarly, selecting the line number will
356 jump to the corresponding line.
358 <kbd>C-c C-c u</kbd> will check for unused references. This will
359 also open a small buffer if any are found, similar to undefined
360 reference checking. The buffer for unused references will contain
361 `X` buttons that remove unused references when selected.
363 <kbd>C-c C-c n</kbd> renumbers any ordered lists in the buffer that are
366 <kbd>C-c C-c ]</kbd> completes all headings and normalizes all horizontal
369 * Following Links: <kbd>C-c C-o</kbd>
371 Press <kbd>C-c C-o</kbd> when the point is on an inline or reference
372 link to open the URL in a browser. When the point is at a
373 wiki link, open it in another buffer (in the current window,
374 or in the other window with the <kbd>C-u</kbd> prefix). Use <kbd>M-p</kbd> and
375 <kbd>M-n</kbd> to quickly jump to the previous or next link of any type.
377 * Doing Things: <kbd>C-c C-d</kbd>
379 Use <kbd>C-c C-d</kbd> to do something sensible with the object at the point:
381 - Jumps between reference links and reference definitions.
382 If more than one link uses the same reference label, a
383 window will be shown containing clickable buttons for
384 jumping to each link. Pressing <kbd>TAB</kbd> or <kbd>S-TAB</kbd> cycles
385 between buttons in this window.
386 - Jumps between footnote markers and footnote text.
387 - Toggles the completion status of GFM task list items
389 - Re-aligns table columns.
391 * Promotion and Demotion: <kbd>C-c C--</kbd> and <kbd>C-c C-=</kbd>
393 Headings, horizontal rules, and list items can be promoted and
394 demoted, as well as bold and italic text. For headings,
395 "promotion" means *decreasing* the level (i.e., moving from
396 `<h2>` to `<h1>`) while "demotion" means *increasing* the
397 level. For horizontal rules, promotion and demotion means
398 moving backward or forward through the list of rule strings in
399 `markdown-hr-strings`. For bold and italic text, promotion and
400 demotion means changing the markup from underscores to asterisks.
401 Press <kbd>C-c C--</kbd> or <kbd>C-c LEFT</kbd> to promote the element at the point
404 To remember these commands, note that <kbd>-</kbd> is for decreasing the
405 level (promoting), and <kbd>=</kbd> (on the same key as <kbd>+</kbd>) is for
406 increasing the level (demoting). Similarly, the left and right
407 arrow keys indicate the direction that the atx heading markup
408 is moving in when promoting or demoting.
410 * Completion: <kbd>C-c C-]</kbd>
412 Complete markup is in normalized form, which means, for
413 example, that the underline portion of a setext header is the
414 same length as the heading text, or that the number of leading
415 and trailing hash marks of an atx header are equal and that
416 there is no extra whitespace in the header text. <kbd>C-c C-]</kbd>
417 completes the markup at the point, if it is determined to be
420 * Editing Lists: <kbd>M-RET</kbd>, <kbd>C-c UP</kbd>, <kbd>C-c DOWN</kbd>, <kbd>C-c LEFT</kbd>, and <kbd>C-c RIGHT</kbd>
422 New list items can be inserted with <kbd>M-RET</kbd> or <kbd>C-c C-j</kbd>. This
423 command determines the appropriate marker (one of the possible
424 unordered list markers or the next number in sequence for an
425 ordered list) and indentation level by examining nearby list
426 items. If there is no list before or after the point, start a
427 new list. As with heading insertion, you may prefix this
428 command by <kbd>C-u</kbd> to decrease the indentation by one level.
429 Prefix this command by <kbd>C-u C-u</kbd> to increase the indentation by
432 Existing list items (and their nested sub-items) can be moved
433 up or down with <kbd>C-c UP</kbd> or <kbd>C-c DOWN</kbd> and indented or
434 outdented with <kbd>C-c RIGHT</kbd> or <kbd>C-c LEFT</kbd>.
436 * Editing Subtrees: <kbd>C-c UP</kbd>, <kbd>C-c DOWN</kbd>, <kbd>C-c LEFT</kbd>, and <kbd>C-c RIGHT</kbd>
438 Entire subtrees of ATX headings can be promoted and demoted
439 with <kbd>C-c LEFT</kbd> and <kbd>C-c RIGHT</kbd>, which are the same keybindings
440 used for promotion and demotion of list items. If the point is in
441 a list item, the operate on the list item. Otherwise, they operate
442 on the current heading subtree. Similarly, subtrees can be
443 moved up and down with <kbd>C-c UP</kbd> and <kbd>C-c DOWN</kbd>.
445 These commands currently do not work properly if there are
446 Setext headings in the affected region.
448 Please note the following "boundary" behavior for promotion and
449 demotion. Any level-six headings will not be demoted further
450 (i.e., they remain at level six, since Markdown and HTML define
451 only six levels) and any level-one headings will promoted away
452 entirely (i.e., heading markup will be removed, since a
453 level-zero heading is not defined).
455 * Shifting the Region: <kbd>C-c <</kbd> and <kbd>C-c ></kbd>
457 Text in the region can be indented or outdented as a group using
458 <kbd>C-c ></kbd> to indent to the next indentation point (calculated in
459 the current context), and <kbd>C-c <</kbd> to outdent to the previous
460 indentation point. These keybindings are the same as those for
461 similar commands in `python-mode`.
463 * Killing Elements: <kbd>C-c C-k</kbd>
465 Press <kbd>C-c C-k</kbd> to kill the thing at point and add important
466 text, without markup, to the kill ring. Possible things to
467 kill include (roughly in order of precedece): inline code,
468 headings, horizonal rules, links (add link text to kill ring),
469 images (add alt text to kill ring), angle URIs, email
470 addresses, bold, italics, reference definitions (add URI to
471 kill ring), footnote markers and text (kill both marker and
472 text, add text to kill ring), and list items.
474 * Outline Navigation: <kbd>C-c C-n</kbd>, <kbd>C-c C-p</kbd>, <kbd>C-c C-f</kbd>, <kbd>C-c C-b</kbd>, and <kbd>C-c C-u</kbd>
476 These keys are used for hierarchical navigation in lists and
477 headings. When the point is in a list, they move between list
478 items. Otherwise, they move between headings. Use <kbd>C-c C-n</kbd> and
479 <kbd>C-c C-p</kbd> to move between the next and previous visible
480 headings or list items of any level. Similarly, <kbd>C-c C-f</kbd> and
481 <kbd>C-c C-b</kbd> move to the next and previous visible headings or
482 list items at the same level as the one at the point. Finally,
483 <kbd>C-c C-u</kbd> will move up to the parent heading or list item.
485 * Movement by Markdown paragraph: <kbd>M-{</kbd>, <kbd>M-}</kbd>, and <kbd>M-h</kbd>
487 Paragraphs in `markdown-mode` are regular paragraphs,
488 paragraphs inside blockquotes, individual list items, headings,
489 etc. These keys are usually bound to `forward-paragraph` and
490 `backward-paragraph`, but the built-in Emacs functions are
491 based on simple regular expressions that fail in Markdown
492 files. Instead, they are bound to `markdown-forward-paragraph`
493 and `markdown-backward-paragraph`. To mark a paragraph,
494 you can use <kbd>M-h</kbd> (`markdown-mark-paragraph`).
496 * Movement by Markdown block: <kbd>C-M-{</kbd>, <kbd>C-M-}</kbd>, and <kbd>C-c M-h</kbd>
498 Markdown blocks are regular paragraphs in many cases, but
499 contain many paragraphs in other cases: blocks are considered
500 to be entire lists, entire code blocks, and entire blockquotes.
501 To move backward one block use <kbd>C-M-{</kbd>
502 (`markdown-beginning-block`) and to move forward use <kbd>C-M-}</kbd>
503 (`markdown-end-of-block`). To mark a block, use <kbd>C-c M-h</kbd>
504 (`markdown-mark-block`).
506 * Movement by Defuns: <kbd>C-M-a</kbd>, <kbd>C-M-e</kbd>, and <kbd>C-M-h</kbd>
508 The usual Emacs commands can be used to move by defuns
509 (top-level major definitions). In markdown-mode, a defun is a
510 section. As usual, <kbd>C-M-a</kbd> will move the point to the
511 beginning of the current or preceding defun, <kbd>C-M-e</kbd> will move
512 to the end of the current or following defun, and <kbd>C-M-h</kbd> will
513 put the region around the entire defun.
517 Markdown Mode includes support for editing tables, which
518 have the following basic format:
520 | Right | Left | Center | Default |
521 |------:|:-----|:------:|---------|
522 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
523 | 123 | 123 | 123 | 123 |
526 The first line contains column headers. The second line
527 contains a separator line between the headers and the content.
528 Each following line is a row in the table. Columns are always
529 separated by the pipe character. The colons indicate column
532 A table is re-aligned automatically each time you press <kbd>TAB</kbd>
533 or <kbd>RET</kbd> inside the table. <kbd>TAB</kbd> also moves to the next
534 field (<kbd>RET</kbd> to the next row) and creates new table rows at
535 the end of the table or before horizontal separator lines. The
536 indentation of the table is set by the first line. Column
537 centering inside Emacs is not supported.
539 Beginning pipe characters are required for proper detection of
540 table borders inside Emacs. Any line starting with `|-` or `|:`
541 is considered as a horizontal separator line and will be
542 expanded on the next re-align to span the whole table width. No
543 padding is allowed between the beginning pipe character and
544 header separator symbol. So, to create the above table, you
547 |Right|Left|Center|Default|
550 and then press <kbd>TAB</kbd> to align the table and start filling in
553 Then you can jump with <kbd>TAB</kbd> from one cell to the next or with
554 <kbd>S-TAB</kbd> to the previous one. <kbd>RET</kbd> will jump to the to the
555 next cell in the same column, and create a new row if there is
556 no such cell or if the next row is beyond a separator line.
558 You can also convert selected region to a table. Basic editing
559 capabilities include inserting, deleting, and moving of columns
560 and rows, and table re-alignment, sorting, transposition:
562 - <kbd>C-c UP</kbd> or <kbd>C-c DOWN</kbd> - Move the current row up or down.
563 - <kbd>C-c LEFT</kbd> or <kbd>C-c RIGHT</kbd> - Move the current column left or right.
564 - <kbd>C-c S-UP</kbd> - Kill the current row.
565 - <kbd>C-c S-DOWN</kbd> - Insert a row above the current row. With a
566 prefix argument, row line is created below the current one.
567 - <kbd>C-c S-LEFT</kbd> - Kill the current column.
568 - <kbd>C-c S-RIGHT</kbd> - Insert a new column to the left of the current one.
569 - <kbd>C-c C-d</kbd> - Re-align the current table (`markdown-do`).
570 - <kbd>C-c C-c ^</kbd> - Sort the rows of a table by a specified column.
571 This command prompts you for the column number and a sort
572 method (alphabetical or numerical, optionally in reverse).
573 - <kbd>C-c C-c |</kbd> - Convert the region to a table. This function
574 attempts to recognize comma, tab, and space separated data
575 and then splits the data into cells accordingly.
576 - <kbd>C-c C-c t</kbd> - Transpose table at point.
578 The table editing functions try to handle markup hiding
579 correctly when calculating column widths, however, columns
580 containing hidden markup may not always be aligned properly.
584 Read-only viewing modes, `markdown-view-mode` and `gfm-view-mode`
585 are provided for viewing Markdown content. These modes provide
586 simplified keybindings for navigating the buffer. Many of these
587 are like `help-mode` and `view-mode`, such as <kbd>SPC</kbd>,
588 <kbd>DEL</kbd>, <kbd><</kbd>, and <kbd>></kbd> for scrolling,
589 <kbd>q</kbd> for quitting, and <kbd>?</kbd> or <kbd>h</kbd> for
590 help. Other keys are provided that mirror the outline navigation
591 commands when editing: <kbd>n</kbd>, <kbd>p</kbd>, <kbd>f</kbd>,
592 <kbd>b</kbd>, and <kbd>u</kbd>. Both of these modes enable markup
593 hiding by default, but this can be customized by setting
594 `markdown-hide-markup-in-view-modes`.
596 * Miscellaneous Commands:
598 When the [`edit-indirect`][ei] package is installed, <kbd>C-c '</kbd>
599 (`markdown-edit-code-block`) can be used to edit a code block
600 in an indirect buffer in the native major mode. Press <kbd>C-c C-c</kbd>
601 to commit changes and return or <kbd>C-c C-k</kbd> to cancel. You can
602 also give a prefix argument to the insertion command, as in
603 <kbd>C-u C-c C-s C</kbd>, to edit the code block in an indirect buffer
606 As noted, many of the commands above behave differently depending
607 on whether Transient Mark mode is enabled or not. When it makes
608 sense, if Transient Mark mode is on and the region is active, the
609 command applies to the text in the region (e.g., <kbd>C-c C-s b</kbd> makes the
610 region bold). For users who prefer to work outside of Transient
611 Mark mode, since Emacs 22 it can be enabled temporarily by pressing
612 <kbd>C-SPC C-SPC</kbd>. When this is not the case, many commands then
613 proceed to look work with the word or line at the point.
615 When applicable, commands that specifically act on the region even
616 outside of Transient Mark mode have the same keybinding as their
617 standard counterpart, but the letter is uppercase. For example,
618 `markdown-insert-blockquote` is bound to <kbd>C-c C-s q</kbd> and only acts on
619 the region in Transient Mark mode while `markdown-blockquote-region`
620 is bound to <kbd>C-c C-s Q</kbd> and always applies to the region (when nonempty).
622 Note that these region-specific functions are useful in many
623 cases where it may not be obvious. For example, yanking text from
624 the kill ring sets the mark at the beginning of the yanked text
625 and moves the point to the end. Therefore, the (inactive) region
626 contains the yanked text. So, <kbd>C-y</kbd> followed by <kbd>C-c C-s Q</kbd> will
627 yank text and turn it into a blockquote.
629 markdown-mode attempts to be flexible in how it handles
630 indentation. When you press <kbd>TAB</kbd> repeatedly, the point will cycle
631 through several possible indentation levels corresponding to things
632 you might have in mind when you press <kbd>RET</kbd> at the end of a line or
633 <kbd>TAB</kbd>. For example, you may want to start a new list item,
634 continue a list item with hanging indentation, indent for a nested
635 pre block, and so on. Outdenting is handled similarly when backspace
636 is pressed at the beginning of the non-whitespace portion of a line.
638 markdown-mode supports outline-minor-mode as well as org-mode-style
639 visibility cycling for atx- or hash-style headings. There are two
640 types of visibility cycling: Pressing <kbd>S-TAB</kbd> cycles globally between
641 the table of contents view (headings only), outline view (top-level
642 headings only), and the full document view. Pressing <kbd>TAB</kbd> while the
643 point is at a heading will cycle through levels of visibility for the
644 subtree: completely folded, visible children, and fully visible.
645 Note that mixing hash and underline style headings will give undesired
650 Although no configuration is *necessary* there are a few things
651 that can be customized. The <kbd>M-x customize-mode</kbd> command
652 provides an interface to all of the possible customizations:
654 * `markdown-command` - the command used to run Markdown (default:
655 `markdown`). This variable may be customized to pass
656 command-line options to your Markdown processor of choice. It can
657 also be a function; in this case `markdown` will call it with three
658 arguments: the beginning and end of the region to process, and
659 a buffer to write the output to.
661 * `markdown-command-needs-filename` - set to `t` if
662 `markdown-command` does not accept standard input (default:
663 `nil`). When `nil`, `markdown-mode` will pass the Markdown
664 content to `markdown-command` using standard input (`stdin`).
665 When set to `t`, `markdown-mode` will pass the name of the file
666 as the final command-line argument to `markdown-command`. Note
667 that in the latter case, you will only be able to run
668 `markdown-command` from buffers which are visiting a file. If
669 `markdown-command` is a function, `markdown-command-needs-filename`
672 * `markdown-open-command` - the command used for calling a standalone
673 Markdown previewer which is capable of opening Markdown source files
674 directly (default: `nil`). This command will be called
675 with a single argument, the filename of the current buffer.
676 A representative program is the Mac app [Marked 2][], a
677 live-updating Markdown previewer which can be [called from a
678 simple shell script](https://jblevins.org/log/marked-2-command).
679 This variable can also be a function; in this case `markdown-open`
680 will call it without arguments to preview the current buffer.
682 * `markdown-hr-strings` - list of strings to use when inserting
683 horizontal rules. Different strings will not be distinguished
684 when converted to HTML--they will all be converted to
685 `<hr/>`--but they may add visual distinction and style to plain
686 text documents. To maintain some notion of promotion and
687 demotion, keep these sorted from largest to smallest.
689 * `markdown-bold-underscore` - set to a non-nil value to use two
690 underscores when inserting bold text instead of two asterisks
693 * `markdown-italic-underscore` - set to a non-nil value to use
694 underscores when inserting italic text instead of asterisks
697 * `markdown-asymmetric-header` - set to a non-nil value to use
698 asymmetric header styling, placing header characters only on
699 the left of headers (default: `nil`).
701 * `markdown-header-scaling` - set to a non-nil value to use
702 a variable-pitch font for headings where the size corresponds
703 to the level of the heading (default: `nil`).
705 * `markdown-header-scaling-values` - list of scaling values,
706 relative to baseline, for headers of levels one through six,
707 used when `markdown-header-scaling` is non-nil
708 (default: `(2.0 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.0)`).
710 * `markdown-marginalize-headers` - put opening atx header markup
711 in the left margin when non-nil (default: `nil`).
713 * `markdown-marginalize-headers-margin-width` - width of margin
714 used for marginalized headers (default: 6).
716 * `markdown-list-indent-width` - depth of indentation for lists
717 when inserting, promoting, and demoting list items (default: 4).
719 * `markdown-indent-function` - the function to use for automatic
720 indentation (default: `markdown-indent-line`).
722 * `markdown-indent-on-enter` - Set to a non-nil value to
723 automatically indent new lines when <kbd>RET</kbd> is pressed.
724 Set to `indent-and-new-item` to additionally continue lists
725 when <kbd>RET</kbd> is pressed (default: `t`).
727 * `markdown-enable-wiki-links` - syntax highlighting for wiki
728 links (default: `nil`). Set this to a non-nil value to turn on
729 wiki link support by default. Wiki link support can be toggled
730 later using the function `markdown-toggle-wiki-links`."
732 * `markdown-wiki-link-alias-first` - set to a non-nil value to
733 treat aliased wiki links like `[[link text|PageName]]`
734 (default: `t`). When set to nil, they will be treated as
735 `[[PageName|link text]]`.
737 * `markdown-uri-types` - a list of protocol schemes (e.g., "http")
738 for URIs that `markdown-mode` should highlight.
740 * `markdown-enable-math` - font lock for inline and display LaTeX
741 math expressions (default: `nil`). Set this to `t` to turn on
742 math support by default. Math support can be toggled
743 interactively later using <kbd>C-c C-x C-e</kbd>
744 (`markdown-toggle-math`).
746 * `markdown-enable-html` - font lock for HTML tags and attributes
749 * `markdown-css-paths` - CSS files to link to in XHTML output
752 * `markdown-content-type` - when set to a nonempty string, an
753 `http-equiv` attribute will be included in the XHTML `<head>`
754 block (default: `""`). If needed, the suggested values are
755 `application/xhtml+xml` or `text/html`. See also:
756 `markdown-coding-system`.
758 * `markdown-coding-system` - used for specifying the character
759 set identifier in the `http-equiv` attribute when included
760 (default: `nil`). See `markdown-content-type`, which must
761 be set before this variable has any effect. When set to `nil`,
762 `buffer-file-coding-system` will be used to automatically
763 determine the coding system string (falling back to
764 `iso-8859-1` when unavailable). Common settings are `utf-8`
767 * `markdown-xhtml-header-content` - additional content to include
768 in the XHTML `<head>` block (default: `""`).
770 * `markdown-xhtml-body-preamble` - additional content to include in
771 the XHTML <body> block, before the output (default: `""`). This
772 is useful for enclosing additional elements around the Markdown
775 * `markdown-xhtml-body-epilogue` - additional content to include in
776 the XHTML <body> block, after the output (default: `""`). This is
777 useful for enclosing additional elements around the Markdown
780 * `markdown-xhtml-standalone-regexp` - a regular expression which
781 `markdown-mode` uses to determine whether the output of
782 `markdown-command` is a standalone XHTML document or an XHTML
783 fragment (default: `"^\\(<\\?xml\\|<!DOCTYPE\\|<html\\)"`). If
784 this regular expression not matched in the first five lines of
785 output, `markdown-mode` assumes the output is a fragment and
786 adds a header and footer.
788 * `markdown-link-space-sub-char` - a character to replace spaces
789 when mapping wiki links to filenames (default: `"_"`).
790 For example, use an underscore for compatibility with the
791 Python Markdown WikiLinks extension. In `gfm-mode`, this is
792 set to `"-"` to conform with GitHub wiki links.
794 * `markdown-reference-location` - where to insert reference
795 definitions (default: `header`). The possible locations are
796 the end of the document (`end`), after the current block
797 (`immediately`), the end of the current subtree (`subtree`),
798 or before the next header (`header`).
800 * `markdown-footnote-location` - where to insert footnote text
801 (default: `end`). The set of location options is the same as
802 for `markdown-reference-location`.
804 * `markdown-nested-imenu-heading-index` - Use nested imenu
805 heading instead of a flat index (default: `t`). A nested
806 index may provide more natural browsing from the menu, but a
807 flat list may allow for faster keyboard navigation via tab
810 * `markdown-add-footnotes-to-imenu` - Add footnote definitions to
811 the end of the imenu index (default: `t`).
813 * `comment-auto-fill-only-comments` - variable is made
814 buffer-local and set to `nil` by default. In programming
815 language modes, when this variable is non-nil, only comments
816 will be filled by auto-fill-mode. However, comments in
817 Markdown documents are rare and the most users probably intend
818 for the actual content of the document to be filled. Making
819 this variable buffer-local allows `markdown-mode` to override
820 the default behavior induced when the global variable is non-nil.
822 * `markdown-gfm-additional-languages`, - additional languages to
823 make available, aside from those predefined in
824 `markdown-gfm-recognized-languages`, when inserting GFM code
825 blocks (default: `nil`). Language strings must have be trimmed
826 of whitespace and not contain any curly braces. They may be of
827 arbitrary capitalization, though.
829 * `markdown-gfm-use-electric-backquote` - use
830 `markdown-electric-backquote` for interactive insertion of GFM
831 code blocks when backquote is pressed three times (default: `t`).
833 * `markdown-make-gfm-checkboxes-buttons` - Whether GitHub
834 Flavored Markdown style task lists (checkboxes) should be
835 turned into buttons that can be toggled with mouse-1 or RET. If
836 non-nil (default), then buttons are enabled. This works in
837 `markdown-mode` as well as `gfm-mode`.
839 * `markdown-hide-urls` - Determines whether URL and reference
840 labels are hidden for inline and reference links (default: `nil`).
841 When non-nil, inline links will appear in the buffer as
842 `[link](∞)` instead of
843 `[link](http://perhaps.a/very/long/url/)`. To change the
844 placeholder (composition) character used, set the variable
845 `markdown-url-compose-char`. URL hiding can be toggled
846 interactively using <kbd>C-c C-x C-l</kbd> (`markdown-toggle-url-hiding`)
847 or from the Markdown | Links & Images menu.
849 * `markdown-hide-markup` - Determines whether all possible markup
850 is hidden or otherwise beautified (default: `nil`). The actual
851 buffer text remains unchanged, but the display will be altered.
852 Brackets and URLs for links will be hidden, asterisks and
853 underscores for italic and bold text will be hidden, text
854 bullets for unordered lists will be replaced by Unicode
855 bullets, and so on. Since this includes URLs and reference
856 labels, when non-nil this setting supersedes `markdown-hide-urls`.
857 Markup hiding can be toggled using <kbd>C-c C-x C-m</kbd>
858 (`markdown-toggle-markup-hiding`) or from the Markdown | Show &
861 Unicode bullets are used to replace ASCII list item markers.
862 The list of characters used, in order of list level, can be
863 specified by setting the variable `markdown-list-item-bullets`.
864 The placeholder characters used to replace other markup can
865 be changed by customizing the corresponding variables:
866 `markdown-blockquote-display-char`,
867 `markdown-hr-display-char`, and
868 `markdown-definition-display-char`.
870 * `markdown-fontify-code-blocks-natively` - Whether to fontify
871 code in code blocks using the native major mode. This only
872 works for fenced code blocks where the language is specified
873 where we can automatically determine the appropriate mode to
874 use. The language to mode mapping may be customized by setting
875 the variable `markdown-code-lang-modes`. This can be toggled
876 interactively by pressing <kbd>C-c C-x C-f</kbd>
877 (`markdown-toggle-fontify-code-blocks-natively`).
879 * `markdown-gfm-uppercase-checkbox` - When non-nil, complete GFM
880 task list items with `[X]` instead of `[x]` (default: `nil`).
881 This is useful for compatibility with `org-mode`, which doesn't
882 recognize the lowercase variant.
884 * `markdown-translate-filename-function` - A function to be used to
885 translate filenames in links.
887 Additionally, the faces used for syntax highlighting can be modified to
888 your liking by issuing <kbd>M-x customize-group RET markdown-faces</kbd>
889 or by using the "Markdown Faces" link at the bottom of the mode
890 customization screen.
892 [Marked 2]: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/marked-2/id890031187?mt=12&uo=4&at=11l5Vs&ct=mm
896 Besides supporting the basic Markdown syntax, Markdown Mode also
897 includes syntax highlighting for `[[Wiki Links]]`. This can be
898 enabled by setting `markdown-enable-wiki-links` to a non-nil value.
899 Wiki links may be followed by pressing <kbd>C-c C-o</kbd> when the point
900 is at a wiki link. Use <kbd>M-p</kbd> and <kbd>M-n</kbd> to quickly jump to the
901 previous and next links (including links of other types).
902 Aliased or piped wiki links of the form `[[link text|PageName]]`
903 are also supported. Since some wikis reverse these components, set
904 `markdown-wiki-link-alias-first` to nil to treat them as
905 `[[PageName|link text]]`. If `markdown-wiki-link-fontify-missing`
906 is also non-nil, Markdown Mode will highlight wiki links with
907 missing target file in a different color. By default, Markdown
908 Mode only searches for target files in the current directory.
909 Search in subdirectories can be enabled by setting
910 `markdown-wiki-link-search-subdirectories` to a non-nil value.
911 Sequential parent directory search (as in [Ikiwiki][]) can be
912 enabled by setting `markdown-wiki-link-search-parent-directories`
915 [Ikiwiki]: https://ikiwiki.info
917 [SmartyPants][] support is possible by customizing `markdown-command`.
918 If you install `SmartyPants.pl` at, say, `/usr/local/bin/smartypants`,
919 then you can set `markdown-command` to `"markdown | smartypants"`.
920 You can do this either by using <kbd>M-x customize-group markdown</kbd>
921 or by placing the following in your `.emacs` file:
924 (setq markdown-command "markdown | smartypants")
927 [SmartyPants]: http://daringfireball.net/projects/smartypants/
929 Syntax highlighting for mathematical expressions written
930 in LaTeX (only expressions denoted by `$..$`, `$$..$$`, or `\[..\]`)
931 can be enabled by setting `markdown-enable-math` to a non-nil value,
932 either via customize or by placing `(setq markdown-enable-math t)`
933 in `.emacs`, and then restarting Emacs or calling
934 `markdown-reload-extensions`.
936 ## GitHub Flavored Markdown (GFM)
938 A [GitHub Flavored Markdown][GFM] mode, `gfm-mode`, is also
939 available. The GitHub implementation differs slightly from
940 standard Markdown in that it supports things like different
941 behavior for underscores inside of words, automatic linking of
942 URLs, strikethrough text, and fenced code blocks with an optional
945 The GFM-specific features above apply to `README.md` files, wiki
946 pages, and other Markdown-formatted files in repositories on
947 GitHub. GitHub also enables [additional features][GFM comments] for
948 writing on the site (for issues, pull requests, messages, etc.)
949 that are further extensions of GFM. These features include task
950 lists (checkboxes), newlines corresponding to hard line breaks,
951 auto-linked references to issues and commits, wiki links, and so
952 on. To make matters more confusing, although task lists are not
953 part of [GFM proper][GFM], [since 2014][] they are rendered (in a
954 read-only fashion) in all Markdown documents in repositories on the
955 site. These additional extensions are supported to varying degrees
956 by `markdown-mode` and `gfm-mode` as described below.
958 * **URL autolinking:** Both `markdown-mode` and `gfm-mode` support
959 highlighting of URLs without angle brackets.
961 * **Multiple underscores in words:** You must enable `gfm-mode` to
962 toggle support for underscores inside of words. In this mode
963 variable names such as `a_test_variable` will not trigger
966 * **Fenced code blocks:** Code blocks quoted with backquotes, with
967 optional programming language keywords, are highlighted in
968 both `markdown-mode` and `gfm-mode`. They can be inserted with
969 <kbd>C-c C-s C</kbd>. If there is an active region, the text in the
970 region will be placed inside the code block. You will be
971 prompted for the name of the language, but may press enter to
972 continue without naming a language.
974 * **Strikethrough:** Strikethrough text is supported in both
975 `markdown-mode` and `gfm-mode`. It can be inserted (and toggled)
976 using <kbd>C-c C-s s</kbd>.
978 * **Task lists:** GFM task lists will be rendered as checkboxes
979 (Emacs buttons) in both `markdown-mode` and `gfm-mode` when
980 `markdown-make-gfm-checkboxes-buttons` is set to a non-nil value
981 (and it is set to t by default). These checkboxes can be
982 toggled by clicking `mouse-1`, pressing <kbd>RET</kbd> over the button,
983 or by pressing <kbd>C-c C-d</kbd> (`markdown-do`) with the point anywhere
984 in the task list item. A normal list item can be turned to a
985 check list item by the same command, or more specifically
986 <kbd>C-c C-s [</kbd> (`markdown-insert-gfm-checkbox`).
988 * **Wiki links:** Generic wiki links are supported in
989 `markdown-mode`, but in `gfm-mode` specifically they will be
990 treated as they are on GitHub: spaces will be replaced by hyphens
991 in filenames and the first letter of the filename will be
992 capitalized. For example, `[[wiki link]]` will map to a file
993 named `Wiki-link` with the same extension as the current file.
994 If a file with this name does not exist in the current directory,
995 the first match in a subdirectory, if any, will be used instead.
997 * **Newlines:** Neither `markdown-mode` nor `gfm-mode` do anything
998 specifically with respect to newline behavior. If you use
999 `gfm-mode` mostly to write text for comments or issues on the
1000 GitHub site--where newlines are significant and correspond to
1001 hard line breaks--then you may want to enable `visual-line-mode`
1002 for line wrapping in buffers. You can do this with a
1003 `gfm-mode-hook` as follows:
1006 ;; Use visual-line-mode in gfm-mode
1007 (defun my-gfm-mode-hook ()
1008 (visual-line-mode 1))
1009 (add-hook 'gfm-mode-hook 'my-gfm-mode-hook)
1012 * **Preview:** GFM-specific preview can be powered by setting
1013 `markdown-command` to use [Docter][]. This may also be
1014 configured to work with [Marked 2][] for `markdown-open-command`.
1016 [GFM]: http://github.github.com/github-flavored-markdown/
1017 [GFM comments]: https://help.github.com/articles/writing-on-github/
1018 [since 2014]: https://github.com/blog/1825-task-lists-in-all-markdown-documents
1019 [Docter]: https://github.com/alampros/Docter
1023 markdown-mode has benefited greatly from the efforts of the many
1024 volunteers who have sent patches, test cases, bug reports,
1025 suggestions, helped with packaging, etc. Thank you for your
1026 contributions! See the [contributors graph][contrib] for details.
1028 [contrib]: https://github.com/jrblevin/markdown-mode/graphs/contributors
1032 markdown-mode is developed and tested primarily for compatibility
1033 with GNU Emacs 24.4 and later. If you find any bugs in
1034 markdown-mode, please construct a test case or a patch and open a
1035 ticket on the [GitHub issue tracker][issues]. See the
1036 contributing guidelines in `CONTRIBUTING.md` for details on
1037 creating pull requests.
1039 [issues]: https://github.com/jrblevin/markdown-mode/issues
1043 markdown-mode was written and is maintained by Jason Blevins. The
1044 first version was released on May 24, 2007.
1046 * 2007-05-24: [Version 1.1][]
1047 * 2007-05-25: [Version 1.2][]
1048 * 2007-06-05: [Version 1.3][]
1049 * 2007-06-29: [Version 1.4][]
1050 * 2007-10-11: [Version 1.5][]
1051 * 2008-06-04: [Version 1.6][]
1052 * 2009-10-01: [Version 1.7][]
1053 * 2011-08-12: [Version 1.8][]
1054 * 2011-08-15: [Version 1.8.1][]
1055 * 2013-01-25: [Version 1.9][]
1056 * 2013-03-24: [Version 2.0][]
1057 * 2016-01-09: [Version 2.1][]
1058 * 2017-05-26: [Version 2.2][]
1059 * 2017-08-31: [Version 2.3][]
1061 [Version 1.1]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/rev-1-1
1062 [Version 1.2]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/rev-1-2
1063 [Version 1.3]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/rev-1-3
1064 [Version 1.4]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/rev-1-4
1065 [Version 1.5]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/rev-1-5
1066 [Version 1.6]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/rev-1-6
1067 [Version 1.7]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/rev-1-7
1068 [Version 1.8]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/rev-1-8
1069 [Version 1.8.1]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/rev-1-8-1
1070 [Version 1.9]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/rev-1-9
1071 [Version 2.0]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/rev-2-0
1072 [Version 2.1]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/rev-2-1
1073 [Version 2.2]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/rev-2-2
1074 [Version 2.3]: https://jblevins.org/projects/markdown-mode/rev-2-3