Imported upstream version 1.5

[manpages-zh.git] / raw / man8 / useradd.8

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.TH USERADD 8
.SH NAME
useradd \- Create a new user or update default new user information
.SH SYNOPSIS
.TP 8
\fBuseradd\fR [\fB-c\fR \fIcomment\fR] [\fB-d\fR \fIhome_dir\fR]
.br
[\fB-e\fR \fIexpire_date\fR] [\fB-f\fR \fIinactive_time\fR]
.br
[\fB-g\fR \fIinitial_group\fR] [\fB-G\fR \fIgroup\fR[,...]]
.br
[\fB-m\fR [\fB-k\fR \fIskeleton_dir\fR] | \fB-M\fR] [\fB-n\fR] [\fB-o\fR] [\fB-p\fR \fIpasswd\fR] [\fB-r\fP]
.br
[\fB-s\fR \fIshell\fR] [\fB-u\fR \fIuid\fR] \fIlogin\fR
.TP 8
\fBuseradd\fR \fB-D\fR [\fB-g\fI default_group\fR] [\fB-b\fI default_home\fR]
.br
[\fB-e\fI default_expire_date\fR] [\fB-f\fI default_inactive\fR]
.br
[\fB-s\fI default_shell\fR]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.SS Creating New Users
When invoked without the \fB-D\fR option, the \fBuseradd\fR command
creates a new user account using the values specified on the
command line and the default values from the system.
The new user account will be entered into the system files as needed,
the home directory will be created, and initial files copied, depending
on the command line options.
The version provided with Red Hat Linux will create a group for each
user added to the system, unless the \fB-n\fR option is given.
The options which apply to the \fBuseradd\fR command are:
.IP "\fB-c \fIcomment\fR"
The new user's password file comment field.
.IP "\fB-d \fIhome_dir\fR"
The new user will be created using \fIhome_dir\fR as the value for
the user's login directory.
The default is to append the \fIlogin\fR name to \fIdefault_home\fR
and use that as the login directory name.
.IP "\fB-e \fIexpire_date\fR"
The date on which the user account will be disabled.
The date is specified in the format \fIYYYY-MM-DD\fR.
.IP "\fB-f \fIinactive_days\fR"
The number of days after a password expires until the account
is permanently disabled.
A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has
expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature.
The default value is -1.
.IP "\fB-g \fIinitial_group\fR"
The group name or number of the user's initial login group.
The group name must exist.  A group number must refer to an
already existing group.
The default group number is 1 or whatever is specified in
\fI/etc/default/useradd\fR.
.IP "\fB-G \fIgroup,[...]\fR"
A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member
of.
Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no
intervening whitespace.
The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group
given with the \fB-g\fR option.
The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group.
.IP \fB-m\fR
The user's home directory will be created if it does not exist.
The files contained in \fIskeleton_dir\fR will be copied to the
home directory if the \fB-k\fR option is used, otherwise the
files contained in \fI/etc/skel\fR will be used instead.
Any directories contained in \fIskeleton_dir\fR or \fI/etc/skel\fR
will be created in the user's home directory as well.
The \fB-k\fR option is only valid in conjunction with the \fB-m\fR
option.
The default is to not create the directory and to not copy any
files.
.IP \fB-M\fR
The user home directory will not be created, even if the system
wide settings from \fI/etc/login.defs\fR is to create home dirs.
.IP \fB-n\fR
A group having the same name as the user being added to the system
will be created by default. This option will turn off this Red Hat
Linux specific behavior.
.IP "\fB-o\fR"
Allow create user with duplicate (non-unique) UID.
.IP "\fB-p \fIpasswd\fR"
The encrypted password, as returned by \fBcrypt\fR(3).
The default is to disable the account.
.IP \fB-r\fR
This flag is used to create a system account. That is, a user with a
UID lower than the value of UID_MIN defined in \fI/etc/login.defs\fR and
whose password does not expire. Note
that \fBuseradd\fR will not create a home directory for such an user,
regardless of the default setting in \fI/etc/login.defs\fR.
You have to specify \fB-m\fR option if you want a home directory
for a system account to be created.
This is an option added by Red Hat.
.IP "\fB-s \fIshell\fR"
The name of the user's login shell.
The default is to leave this field blank, which causes the system
to select the default login shell.
.IP "\fB-u \fIuid\fR"
The numerical value of the user's ID.
This value must be unique, unless the \fI-o\fR option is used.
The value must be non-negative.
The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than 99 and
greater than every other user.
Values between 0 and 99 are typically reserved for system accounts.
.SS Changing the default values
When invoked with the \fB-D\fR option, \fBuseradd\fR will either
display the current default values, or update the default values
from the command line.
The valid options are
.IP "\fB-b \fIdefault_home\fR"
The initial path prefix for a new user's home directory.
The user's name will be affixed to the end of \fIdefault_home\fR
to create the new directory name if the \fB-d\fI option is not
used when creating a new account.
.IP "\fB-e \fIdefault_expire_date\fR"
The date on which the user account is disabled.
.IP "\fB-f \fIdefault_inactive\fR"
The number of days after a password has expired before the
account will be disabled.
.IP "\fB-g \fIdefault_group\fR"
The group name or ID for a new user's initial group.
The named group must exist, and a numerical group ID must have
an existing entry .
.IP "\fB-s \fIdefault_shell\fR"
The name of the new user's login shell.
The named program will be used for all future new user accounts.
.PP
If no options are specified, \fBuseradd\fR displays the current
default values.
.SH NOTES
The system administrator is responsible for placing the default
user files in the \fI/etc/skel\fR directory.
.br
This version of useradd was modified by Red Hat to suit Red Hat 
user/group conventions.
.SH CAVEATS
You may not add a user to an NIS group.
This must be performed on the NIS server.
.SH FILES
\fB/etc/passwd\fR \- user account information
.br
\fB/etc/shadow\fR \- secure user account information
.br
\fB/etc/group\fR \- group information
.br
\fB/etc/gshadow\fR \- secure group information
.br
\fB/etc/default/useradd\fR \- default information
.br
\fB/etc/login.defs\fR \- system-wide settings
.br
\fB/etc/skel\fR \- directory containing default files
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR chfn (1),
.BR chsh (1),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR crypt (3),
.BR groupadd (8),
.BR groupdel (8),
.BR groupmod (8),
.BR userdel (8),
.BR usermod (8)
.SH AUTHOR
Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com)