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1 '\" t
2 .\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de)
3 .\" Created Fri Apr 2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993
4 .\"
5 .\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
6 .\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
7 .\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
8 .\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
9 .\"
10 .\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
11 .\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
12 .\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
13 .\" intermediate and printed output.
14 .\"
15 .\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16 .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17 .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18 .\" GNU General Public License for more details.
19 .\"
20 .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
21 .\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
22 .\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111
23 .\" USA.
24 .\"
25 .\" Modified Sat Jul 24 17:20:55 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
26 .\" Modified Sun May 15 19:47:23 1994 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
27 .\" Modified Tue Nov 22 13:01:59 1994 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
28 .\" Modified Tue Jul 11 13:36:31 1995 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
29 .\" Modified Wed Dec 18 : : 1996 by Michael Haardt and aeb
30 .\" Modified Mon May 31 17:30:00 1999 by Dimitri Papadopoulos (dpo@club-internet.fr)
31 .\" Modified Sun Aug 8 19:28:11 1999 by Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de)
32 .\"
33 .TH ASCII 7 1999-08-08 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
34 .SH NAME
35 ascii \- the ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
36 .SH DESCRIPTION
37 ASCII is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
38 It is a 7-bit code. Many 8-bit codes (such as ISO 8859-1, the
39 Linux default character set) contain ASCII as their lower half.
40 The international counterpart of ASCII is known as ISO 646.
41 .LP
42 The following table contains the 128 ASCII characters.
43 .LP
44 C program \f(CW'\eX'\fP escapes are noted.
45 .LP
46 .if t \{\
47 .in 1i
48 .ft CW
49 \}
50 .TS
51 l l l l l l l l l.
52 Oct Dec Hex Char Oct Dec Hex Char
53 _
54 000 0 00 NUL '\e0' 100 64 40 @
55 001 1 01 SOH 101 65 41 A
56 002 2 02 STX 102 66 42 B
57 003 3 03 ETX 103 67 43 C
58 004 4 04 EOT 104 68 44 D
59 005 5 05 ENQ 105 69 45 E
60 006 6 06 ACK 106 70 46 F
61 007 7 07 BEL '\ea' 107 71 47 G
62 010 8 08 BS '\eb' 110 72 48 H
63 011 9 09 HT '\et' 111 73 49 I
64 012 10 0A LF '\en' 112 74 4A J
65 013 11 0B VT '\ev' 113 75 4B K
66 014 12 0C FF '\ef' 114 76 4C L
67 015 13 0D CR '\er' 115 77 4D M
68 016 14 0E SO 116 78 4E N
69 017 15 0F SI 117 79 4F O
70 020 16 10 DLE 120 80 50 P
71 021 17 11 DC1 121 81 51 Q
72 022 18 12 DC2 122 82 52 R
73 023 19 13 DC3 123 83 53 S
74 024 20 14 DC4 124 84 54 T
75 025 21 15 NAK 125 85 55 U
76 026 22 16 SYN 126 86 56 V
77 027 23 17 ETB 127 87 57 W
78 030 24 18 CAN 130 88 58 X
79 031 25 19 EM 131 89 59 Y
80 032 26 1A SUB 132 90 5A Z
81 033 27 1B ESC 133 91 5B [
82 034 28 1C FS 134 92 5C \e '\e\e'
83 035 29 1D GS 135 93 5D ]
84 036 30 1E RS 136 94 5E ^
85 037 31 1F US 137 95 5F \&_
86 040 32 20 SPACE 140 96 60 `
87 041 33 21 ! 141 97 61 a
88 042 34 22 " 142 98 62 b
89 043 35 23 # 143 99 63 c
90 044 36 24 $ 144 100 64 d
91 045 37 25 % 145 101 65 e
92 046 38 26 & 146 102 66 f
93 047 39 27 ' 147 103 67 g
94 050 40 28 ( 150 104 68 h
95 051 41 29 ) 151 105 69 i
96 052 42 2A * 152 106 6A j
97 053 43 2B + 153 107 6B k
98 054 44 2C , 154 108 6C l
99 055 45 2D \- 155 109 6D m
100 056 46 2E . 156 110 6E n
101 057 47 2F / 157 111 6F o
102 060 48 30 0 160 112 70 p
103 061 49 31 1 161 113 71 q
104 062 50 32 2 162 114 72 r
105 063 51 33 3 163 115 73 s
106 064 52 34 4 164 116 74 t
107 065 53 35 5 165 117 75 u
108 066 54 36 6 166 118 76 v
109 067 55 37 7 167 119 77 w
110 070 56 38 8 170 120 78 x
111 071 57 39 9 171 121 79 y
112 072 58 3A : 172 122 7A z
113 073 59 3B ; 173 123 7B {
114 074 60 3C < 174 124 7C |
115 075 61 3D = 175 125 7D }
116 076 62 3E > 176 126 7E ~
117 077 63 3F ? 177 127 7F DEL
118 .TE
119 .fi
120 .if t \{\
121 .in
122 .ft P
123 \}
124 .SH HISTORY
125 An
126 .B ascii
127 manual page appeared in Version 7 of AT&T UNIX.
128 .LP
129 On older terminals, the underscore code is displayed as a left arrow,
130 called backarrow, the caret is displayed as an up-arrow and the vertical
131 bar has a hole in the middle.
132 .LP
133 Uppercase and lowercase characters differ by just one bit and the
134 ASCII character 2 differs from the double quote by just one bit, too.
135 That made it much easier to encode characters mechanically or with a
136 non-microcontroller-based electronic keyboard and that pairing was found
137 on old teletypes.
138 .LP
139 The ASCII standard was published by the United States of America
140 Standards Institute (USASI) in 1968.
141 .\"
142 .\" ASA was the American Standards Association and X3 was an ASA sectional
143 .\" committee on computers and data processing. Its name changed to
144 .\" American National Standards Committee X3 (ANSC-X3) and now it is known
145 .\" as Accredited Standards Committee X3 (ASC X3). It is accredited by ANSI
146 .\" and administered by ITI. The subcommittee X3.2 worked on coded
147 .\" character sets; the task group working on ASCII appears to have been
148 .\" designated X3.2.4. In 1966, ASA became the United States of America
149 .\" Standards Institute (USASI) and published ASCII in 1968. It became the
150 .\" American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1969 and is the
151 .\" U.S. member body of ISO; private and non-profit.
152 .\"
153 .SH "SEE ALSO"
154 .BR iso_8859-1 (7),
155 .BR iso_8859-15 (7),
156 .BR iso_8859-16 (7),
157 .BR iso_8859-2 (7),
158 .BR iso_8859-7 (7),
159 .BR iso_8859-9 (7)