1 .\" This man page is Copyright (C) 1999 Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>.
3 .\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM_ONE_PARA)
4 .\" Permission is granted to distribute possibly modified copies
5 .\" of this page provided the header is included verbatim,
6 .\" and in case of nontrivial modification author and date
7 .\" of the modification is added to the header.
10 .\" Based on the original comments from Alexey Kuznetsov, written with
11 .\" help from Matthew Wilcox.
12 .\" $Id: rtnetlink.7,v 1.8 2000/01/22 01:55:04 freitag Exp $
14 .TH RTNETLINK 7 2021-03-22 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
16 rtnetlink \- Linux routing socket
19 .B #include <asm/types.h>
20 .B #include <linux/netlink.h>
21 .B #include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
22 .B #include <sys/socket.h>
24 .BI "rtnetlink_socket = socket(AF_NETLINK, int " socket_type ", NETLINK_ROUTE);"
27 Rtnetlink allows the kernel's routing tables to be read and altered.
28 It is used within the kernel to communicate between
29 various subsystems, though this usage is not documented here, and for
30 communication with user-space programs.
31 Network routes, IP addresses, link parameters, neighbor setups, queueing
32 disciplines, traffic classes and packet classifiers may all be controlled
36 It is based on netlink messages; see
39 .\" FIXME . ? all these macros could be moved to rtnetlink(3)
40 .SS Routing attributes
41 Some rtnetlink messages have optional attributes after the initial header:
46 unsigned short rta_len; /* Length of option */
47 unsigned short rta_type; /* Type of option */
53 These attributes should be manipulated using only the RTA_* macros
57 Rtnetlink consists of these message types
58 (in addition to standard netlink messages):
60 .BR RTM_NEWLINK ", " RTM_DELLINK ", " RTM_GETLINK
61 Create, remove, or get information about a specific network interface.
62 These messages contain an
64 structure followed by a series of
70 unsigned char ifi_family; /* AF_UNSPEC */
71 unsigned short ifi_type; /* Device type */
72 int ifi_index; /* Interface index */
73 unsigned int ifi_flags; /* Device flags */
74 unsigned int ifi_change; /* change mask */
78 .\" FIXME Document ifinfomsg.ifi_type
80 contains the device flags, see
83 is the unique interface index
84 (since Linux 3.7, it is possible to feed a nonzero value with the
86 message, thus creating a link with the given
89 is reserved for future use and should be always set to 0xFFFFFFFF.
95 rta_type:Value type:Description
97 IFLA_UNSPEC:-:unspecified
98 IFLA_ADDRESS:hardware address:interface L2 address
99 IFLA_BROADCAST:hardware address:L2 broadcast address
100 IFLA_IFNAME:asciiz string:Device name
101 IFLA_MTU:unsigned int:MTU of the device
102 IFLA_LINK:int:Link type
103 IFLA_QDISC:asciiz string:Queueing discipline
106 T}:Interface Statistics
112 .IR "struct rtnl_link_stats"
113 .RI ( "struct net_device_stats"
114 in Linux 2.4 and earlier).
116 .BR RTM_NEWADDR ", " RTM_DELADDR ", " RTM_GETADDR
117 Add, remove, or receive information about an IP address associated with
119 In Linux 2.2, an interface can carry multiple IP addresses,
120 this replaces the alias device concept in 2.0.
121 In Linux 2.2, these messages
122 support IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
125 structure, optionally followed by
131 unsigned char ifa_family; /* Address type */
132 unsigned char ifa_prefixlen; /* Prefixlength of address */
133 unsigned char ifa_flags; /* Address flags */
134 unsigned char ifa_scope; /* Address scope */
135 unsigned int ifa_index; /* Interface index */
140 is the address family type (currently
145 is the length of the address mask of the address if defined for the
146 family (like for IPv4),
148 is the address scope,
150 is the interface index of the interface the address is associated with.
154 for secondary address (old alias interface),
156 for a permanent address set by the user and other undocumented flags.
162 rta_type:Value type:Description
164 IFA_UNSPEC:-:unspecified
165 IFA_ADDRESS:raw protocol address:interface address
166 IFA_LOCAL:raw protocol address:local address
167 IFA_LABEL:asciiz string:name of the interface
168 IFA_BROADCAST:raw protocol address:broadcast address
169 IFA_ANYCAST:raw protocol address:anycast address
170 IFA_CACHEINFO:struct ifa_cacheinfo:Address information
172 .\" FIXME Document struct ifa_cacheinfo
174 .BR RTM_NEWROUTE ", " RTM_DELROUTE ", " RTM_GETROUTE
175 Create, remove, or receive information about a network route.
176 These messages contain an
178 structure with an optional sequence of
180 structures following.
187 to 0 means you get all entries for the specified routing table.
188 For the other fields, except
196 unsigned char rtm_family; /* Address family of route */
197 unsigned char rtm_dst_len; /* Length of destination */
198 unsigned char rtm_src_len; /* Length of source */
199 unsigned char rtm_tos; /* TOS filter */
200 unsigned char rtm_table; /* Routing table ID;
201 see RTA_TABLE below */
202 unsigned char rtm_protocol; /* Routing protocol; see below */
203 unsigned char rtm_scope; /* See below */
204 unsigned char rtm_type; /* See below */
206 unsigned int rtm_flags;
214 RTN_UNSPEC:unknown route
215 RTN_UNICAST:a gateway or direct route
216 RTN_LOCAL:a local interface route
218 a local broadcast route (sent as a broadcast)
221 a local broadcast route (sent as a unicast)
223 RTN_MULTICAST:a multicast route
224 RTN_BLACKHOLE:a packet dropping route
225 RTN_UNREACHABLE:an unreachable destination
226 RTN_PROHIBIT:a packet rejection route
227 RTN_THROW:continue routing lookup in another table
228 RTN_NAT:a network address translation rule
230 refer to an external resolver (not implemented)
236 rtm_protocol:Route origin
238 RTPROT_UNSPEC:unknown
240 by an ICMP redirect (currently unused)
242 RTPROT_KERNEL:by the kernel
243 RTPROT_BOOT:during boot
244 RTPROT_STATIC:by the administrator
249 are not interpreted by the kernel, they are just for user information.
250 They may be used to tag the source of a routing information or to
251 distinguish between multiple routing daemons.
253 .I <linux/rtnetlink.h>
254 for the routing daemon identifiers which are already assigned.
257 is the distance to the destination:
261 RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE:global route
263 interior route in the local autonomous system
265 RT_SCOPE_LINK:route on this link
266 RT_SCOPE_HOST:route on the local host
267 RT_SCOPE_NOWHERE:destination doesn't exist
274 are available to the user.
278 have the following meanings:
283 if the route changes, notify the user via rtnetlink
285 RTM_F_CLONED:route is cloned from another route
286 RTM_F_EQUALIZE:a multipath equalizer (not yet implemented)
290 specifies the routing table
294 RT_TABLE_UNSPEC:an unspecified routing table
295 RT_TABLE_DEFAULT:the default table
296 RT_TABLE_MAIN:the main table
297 RT_TABLE_LOCAL:the local table
300 The user may assign arbitrary values between
303 .BR RT_TABLE_DEFAULT .
304 .\" Keep table on same page
311 rta_type:Value type:Description
314 RTA_DST:protocol address:Route destination address
315 RTA_SRC:protocol address:Route source address
316 RTA_IIF:int:Input interface index
317 RTA_OIF:int:Output interface index
318 RTA_GATEWAY:protocol address:The gateway of the route
319 RTA_PRIORITY:int:Priority of route
320 RTA_PREFSRC:protocol address:Preferred source address
321 RTA_METRICS:int:Route metric
323 Multipath nexthop data
327 RTA_PROTOINFO::No longer used
328 RTA_FLOW:int:Route realm
329 RTA_CACHEINFO:struct rta_cacheinfo:(see linux/rtnetlink.h)
330 RTA_SESSION::No longer used
331 RTA_MP_ALGO::No longer used
333 Routing table ID; if set,
338 RTA_MFC_STATS:struct rta_mfc_stats:(see linux/rtnetlink.h)
339 RTA_VIA:struct rtvia:T{
340 Gateway in different AF
343 RTA_NEWDST:protocol address:T{
349 preference (see below)
351 RTA_ENCAP_TYPE:short:T{
352 Encapsulation type for
354 lwtunnels (see below)
356 RTA_ENCAP::Defined by RTA_ENCAP_TYPE
364 contains several packed instances of
366 together with nested RTAs
372 unsigned short rtnh_len; /* Length of struct + length
374 unsigned char rtnh_flags; /* Flags (see
375 linux/rtnetlink.h) */
376 unsigned char rtnh_hops; /* Nexthop priority */
377 int rtnh_ifindex; /* Interface index for this
383 There exist a bunch of
390 useful to handle these structures.
395 unsigned short rtvia_family;
396 unsigned char rtvia_addr[0];
408 .BR ICMPV6_ROUTER_PREF_LOW ,
409 .BR ICMPV6_ROUTER_PREF_MEDIUM ,
411 .BR ICMPV6_ROUTER_PREF_HIGH
413 .IR <linux/icmpv6.h> .
417 .BR LWTUNNEL_ENCAP_MPLS ,
418 .BR LWTUNNEL_ENCAP_IP ,
419 .BR LWTUNNEL_ENCAP_ILA ,
421 .BR LWTUNNEL_ENCAP_IP6
423 .IR <linux/lwtunnel.h> .
425 .B Fill these values in!
427 .BR RTM_NEWNEIGH ", " RTM_DELNEIGH ", " RTM_GETNEIGH
428 Add, remove, or receive information about a neighbor table
429 entry (e.g., an ARP entry).
430 The message contains an
436 unsigned char ndm_family;
437 int ndm_ifindex; /* Interface index */
438 __u16 ndm_state; /* State */
439 __u8 ndm_flags; /* Flags */
443 struct nda_cacheinfo {
452 is a bit mask of the following states:
456 NUD_INCOMPLETE:a currently resolving cache entry
457 NUD_REACHABLE:a confirmed working cache entry
458 NUD_STALE:an expired cache entry
459 NUD_DELAY:an entry waiting for a timer
460 NUD_PROBE:a cache entry that is currently reprobed
461 NUD_FAILED:an invalid cache entry
462 NUD_NOARP:a device with no destination cache
463 NUD_PERMANENT:a static entry
472 NTF_PROXY:a proxy arp entry
473 NTF_ROUTER:an IPv6 router
477 .\" document the members of the struct better
480 struct has the following meanings for the
486 NDA_UNSPEC:unknown type
487 NDA_DST:a neighbor cache n/w layer destination address
488 NDA_LLADDR:a neighbor cache link layer address
489 NDA_CACHEINFO:cache statistics
497 .I struct nda_cacheinfo
500 .BR RTM_NEWRULE ", " RTM_DELRULE ", " RTM_GETRULE
501 Add, delete, or retrieve a routing rule.
505 .BR RTM_NEWQDISC ", " RTM_DELQDISC ", " RTM_GETQDISC
506 Add, remove, or get a queueing discipline.
507 The message contains a
509 and may be followed by a series of
514 unsigned char tcm_family;
515 int tcm_ifindex; /* interface index */
516 __u32 tcm_handle; /* Qdisc handle */
517 __u32 tcm_parent; /* Parent qdisc */
526 rta_type:Value type:Description
528 TCA_UNSPEC:-:unspecified
529 TCA_KIND:asciiz string:Name of queueing discipline
530 TCA_OPTIONS:byte sequence:Qdisc-specific options follow
531 TCA_STATS:struct tc_stats:Qdisc statistics
532 TCA_XSTATS:qdisc-specific:Module-specific statistics
533 TCA_RATE:struct tc_estimator:Rate limit
536 In addition, various other qdisc-module-specific attributes are allowed.
537 For more information see the appropriate include files.
539 .BR RTM_NEWTCLASS ", " RTM_DELTCLASS ", " RTM_GETTCLASS
540 Add, remove, or get a traffic class.
541 These messages contain a
545 .BR RTM_NEWTFILTER ", " RTM_DELTFILTER ", " RTM_GETTFILTER
546 Add, remove, or receive information about a traffic filter.
547 These messages contain a
552 is a new feature of Linux 2.2.
554 This manual page is incomplete.