1 .\" Copyright (c) 2006, 2008 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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25 .TH CORE 5 2014-08-19 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
27 core \- core dump file
29 The default action of certain signals is to cause a process to terminate
31 .IR "core dump file" ,
32 a disk file containing an image of the process's memory at
33 the time of termination.
34 This image can be used in a debugger (e.g.,
36 to inspect the state of the program at the time that it terminated.
37 A list of the signals which cause a process to dump core can be found in
40 A process can set its soft
42 resource limit to place an upper limit on the size of the core dump file
43 that will be produced if it receives a "core dump" signal; see
47 There are various circumstances in which a core dump file is
50 The process does not have permission to write the core file.
51 (By default, the core file is called
57 is the ID of the process that dumped core,
58 and is created in the current working directory.
59 See below for details on naming.)
60 Writing the core file will fail if the directory in which
61 it is to be created is nonwritable,
62 or if a file with the same name exists and
64 or is not a regular file
65 (e.g., it is a directory or a symbolic link).
67 A (writable, regular) file with the same name as would be used for the
68 core dump already exists, but there is more than one hard link to that
71 The filesystem where the core dump file would be created is full;
72 or has run out of inodes; or is mounted read-only;
73 or the user has reached their quota for the filesystem.
75 The directory in which the core dump file is to be created does
82 (file size) resource limits for the process are set to zero; see
84 and the documentation of the shell's
91 The binary being executed by the process does not have read
94 The process is executing a set-user-ID (set-group-ID) program
95 that is owned by a user (group) other than the real user (group)
97 (However, see the description of the
100 operation, and the description of the
101 .I /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable
102 .\" FIXME . Perhaps relocate discussion of /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable
103 .\" and PR_SET_DUMPABLE to this page?
108 .\" commit 046d662f481830e652ac34cd112249adde16452a
109 The kernel was configured without the
114 a core dump may exclude part of the address space of the process if the
118 .SS Naming of core dump files
119 By default, a core dump file is named
122 .I /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
123 file (since Linux 2.6 and 2.4.21)
124 can be set to define a template that is used to name core dump files.
125 The template can contain % specifiers which are substituted
126 by the following values when a core file is created:
135 core file size soft resource limit of crashing process (since Linux 2.6.24)
138 .\" Added in git commit 12a2b4b2241e318b4f6df31228e4272d2c2968a1
139 dump mode\(emsame as value returned by
145 executable filename (without path prefix)
148 pathname of executable,
149 with slashes (\(aq/\(aq) replaced by exclamation marks (\(aq!\(aq)
153 (numeric) real GID of dumped process
156 hostname (same as \fInodename\fP returned by \fBuname\fP(2))
159 PID of dumped process,
160 as seen in the PID namespace in which the process resides
163 .\" Added in git commit 65aafb1e7484b7434a0c1d4c593191ebe5776a2f
164 PID of dumped process, as seen in the initial PID namespace
168 number of signal causing dump
171 time of dump, expressed as seconds since the
172 Epoch, 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC)
175 (numeric) real UID of dumped process
179 A single % at the end of the template is dropped from the
180 core filename, as is the combination of a % followed by any
181 character other than those listed above.
182 All other characters in the template become a literal
183 part of the core filename.
184 The template may include \(aq/\(aq characters, which are interpreted
185 as delimiters for directory names.
186 The maximum size of the resulting core filename is 128 bytes (64 bytes
187 in kernels before 2.6.19).
188 The default value in this file is "core".
189 For backward compatibility, if
190 .I /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
191 does not include "%p" and
192 .I /proc/sys/kernel/core_uses_pid
194 is nonzero, then .PID will be appended to the core filename.
196 Since version 2.4, Linux has also provided
197 a more primitive method of controlling
198 the name of the core dump file.
200 .I /proc/sys/kernel/core_uses_pid
201 file contains the value 0, then a core dump file is simply named
203 If this file contains a nonzero value, then the core dump file includes
204 the process ID in a name of the form
208 .\" 9520628e8ceb69fa9a4aee6b57f22675d9e1b709
210 .I /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable
211 is set to 2 ("suidsafe"), the pattern must be either an absolute pathname
212 (starting with a leading \(aq/\(aq character) or a pipe, as defined below.
213 .SS Piping core dumps to a program
214 Since kernel 2.6.19, Linux supports an alternate syntax for the
215 .I /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
217 If the first character of this file is a pipe symbol (\fB|\fP),
218 then the remainder of the line is interpreted as a program to be
220 Instead of being written to a disk file, the core dump is given as
221 standard input to the program.
222 Note the following points:
224 The program must be specified using an absolute pathname (or a
225 pathname relative to the root directory, \fI/\fP),
226 and must immediately follow the '|' character.
228 The process created to run the program runs as user and group
231 Command-line arguments can be supplied to the
232 program (since Linux 2.6.24),
233 delimited by white space (up to a total line length of 128 bytes).
235 The command-line arguments can include any of
236 the % specifiers listed above.
237 For example, to pass the PID of the process that is being dumped, specify
240 .SS Controlling which mappings are written to the core dump
241 Since kernel 2.6.23, the Linux-specific
242 .IR /proc/PID/coredump_filter
243 file can be used to control which memory segments are written to the
244 core dump file in the event that a core dump is performed for the
245 process with the corresponding process ID.
247 The value in the file is a bit mask of memory mapping types (see
249 If a bit is set in the mask, then memory mappings of the
250 corresponding type are dumped; otherwise they are not dumped.
251 The bits in this file have the following meanings:
257 Dump anonymous private mappings.
260 Dump anonymous shared mappings.
263 Dump file-backed private mappings.
266 Dump file-backed shared mappings.
267 .\" file-backed shared mappings of course also update the underlying
270 bit 4 (since Linux 2.6.24)
273 bit 5 (since Linux 2.6.28)
274 Dump private huge pages.
276 bit 6 (since Linux 2.6.28)
277 Dump shared huge pages.
281 By default, the following bits are set: 0, 1, 4 (if the
282 .B CONFIG_CORE_DUMP_DEFAULT_ELF_HEADERS
283 kernel configuration option is enabled), and 5.
284 The value of this file is displayed in hexadecimal.
285 (The default value is thus displayed as 33.)
287 Memory-mapped I/O pages such as frame buffer are never dumped, and
288 virtual DSO pages are always dumped, regardless of the
292 A child process created via
294 inherits its parent's
299 value is preserved across an
302 It can be useful to set
304 in the parent shell before running a program, for example:
308 .RB "$" " echo 0x7 > /proc/self/coredump_filter"
309 .RB "$" " ./some_program"
313 This file is provided only if the kernel was built with the
315 configuration option.
320 command can be used to obtain a core dump of a running process.
322 In Linux versions up to and including 2.6.27,
323 .\" Changed with commit 6409324b385f3f63a03645b4422e3be67348d922
324 if a multithreaded process (or, more precisely, a process that
325 shares its memory with another process by being created with the
329 dumps core, then the process ID is always appended to the core filename,
330 unless the process ID was already included elsewhere in the
331 filename via a %p specification in
332 .IR /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern .
333 (This is primarily useful when employing the obsolete
334 LinuxThreads implementation,
335 where each thread of a process has a different PID.)
336 .\" Always including the PID in the name of the core file made
337 .\" sense for LinuxThreads, where each thread had a unique PID,
338 .\" but doesn't seem to serve any purpose with NPTL, where all the
339 .\" threads in a process share the same PID (as POSIX.1 requires).
340 .\" Probably the behavior is maintained so that applications using
341 .\" LinuxThreads continue appending the PID (the kernel has no easy
342 .\" way of telling which threading implementation the user-space
343 .\" application is using). -- mtk, April 2006
345 The program below can be used to demonstrate the use of the
347 .I /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
349 The following shell session demonstrates the use of this program
350 (compiled to create an executable named
351 .IR core_pattern_pipe_test ):
355 .RB "$" " cc \-o core_pattern_pipe_test core_pattern_pipe_test.c"
358 .RB "#" " echo \(dq|$PWD/core_pattern_pipe_test %p \
359 UID=%u GID=%g sig=%s\(dq > \e"
360 .B " /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern"
363 .BR "^\e" " # type control-backslash"
365 .RB "$" " cat core.info"
367 argc[0]=</home/mtk/core_pattern_pipe_test>
372 Total bytes in core dump: 282624
378 /* core_pattern_pipe_test.c */
381 #include <sys/stat.h>
388 #define BUF_SIZE 1024
391 main(int argc, char *argv[])
399 /* Change our current working directory to that of the
402 snprintf(cwd, PATH_MAX, "/proc/%s/cwd", argv[1]);
405 /* Write output to file "core.info" in that directory */
407 fp = fopen("core.info", "w+");
411 /* Display command\-line arguments given to core_pattern
414 fprintf(fp, "argc=%d\\n", argc);
415 for (j = 0; j < argc; j++)
416 fprintf(fp, "argc[%d]=<%s>\\n", j, argv[j]);
418 /* Count bytes in standard input (the core dump) */
421 while ((nread = read(STDIN_FILENO, buf, BUF_SIZE)) > 0)
423 fprintf(fp, "Total bytes in core dump: %d\\n", tot);