1 .\" Copyright (C) 2016 Intel Corporation
3 .\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
5 .TH PKEY_ALLOC 2 2021-03-22 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
7 pkey_alloc, pkey_free \- allocate or free a protection key
10 .RI ( libc ", " \-lc )
13 .BR "#define _GNU_SOURCE" " /* See feature_test_macros(7) */"
14 .B #include <sys/mman.h>
16 .BI "int pkey_alloc(unsigned int " flags ", unsigned int " access_rights ");"
17 .BI "int pkey_free(int " pkey ");"
21 allocates a protection key (pkey) and allows it to be passed to
22 .BR pkey_mprotect (2).
27 is reserved for future use and currently must always be specified as 0.
32 argument may contain zero or more disable operations:
34 .B PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS
35 Disable all data access to memory covered by the returned protection key.
38 Disable write access to memory covered by the returned protection key.
41 frees a protection key and makes it available for later
43 After a protection key has been freed, it may no longer be used
44 in any protection-key-related operations.
46 An application should not call
48 on any protection key which has been assigned to an address
51 and which is still in use.
52 The behavior in this case is undefined and may result in an error.
56 returns a positive protection key value.
60 On error, \-1 is returned, and
62 is set to indicate the error.
74 All protection keys available for the current process have
76 The number of keys available is architecture-specific and
77 implementation-specific and may be reduced by kernel-internal use
79 There are currently 15 keys available to user programs on x86.
81 This error will also be returned if the processor or operating system
82 does not support protection keys.
83 Applications should always be prepared to handle this error, since
84 factors outside of the application's control can reduce the number
90 were added to Linux in kernel 4.9;
91 library support was added in glibc 2.27.
97 system calls are Linux-specific.
100 is always safe to call regardless of whether or not the operating system
101 supports protection keys.
102 It can be used in lieu of any other mechanism for detecting pkey support
103 and will simply fail with the error
105 if the operating system has no pkey support.
107 The kernel guarantees that the contents of the hardware rights
108 register (PKRU) will be preserved only for allocated protection
110 Any time a key is unallocated (either before the first call
111 returning that key from
113 or after it is freed via
115 the kernel may make arbitrary changes to the parts of the
116 rights register affecting access to that key.
121 .BR pkey_mprotect (2),