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38 .\" @(#)strtod.3 5.3 (Berkeley) 6/29/91
40 .\" Modified Sun Aug 21 17:16:22 1994 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
41 .\" Modified Sat May 04 19:34:31 MET DST 1996 by Michael Haardt
42 .\" (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de)
43 .\" Added strof, strtold, aeb, 2001-06-07
45 .TH STRTOD 3 2020-11-01 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
47 strtod, strtof, strtold \- convert ASCII string to floating-point number
50 .B #include <stdlib.h>
52 .BI "double strtod(const char *" nptr ", char **" endptr );
53 .BI "float strtof(const char *" nptr ", char **" endptr );
54 .BI "long double strtold(const char *" nptr ", char **" endptr );
58 Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
59 .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
65 _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
73 functions convert the initial portion of the string pointed to by
80 representation, respectively.
82 The expected form of the (initial portion of the) string is
83 optional leading white space as recognized by
85 an optional plus (\(aq+\(aq) or minus sign (\(aq\-\(aq) and then either
86 (i) a decimal number, or (ii) a hexadecimal number,
87 or (iii) an infinity, or (iv) a NAN (not-a-number).
91 consists of a nonempty sequence of decimal digits
92 possibly containing a radix character (decimal point, locale-dependent,
93 usually \(aq.\(aq), optionally followed by a decimal exponent.
94 A decimal exponent consists of an \(aqE\(aq or \(aqe\(aq, followed by an
95 optional plus or minus sign, followed by a nonempty sequence of
96 decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 10.
99 .I "hexadecimal number"
100 consists of a "0x" or "0X" followed by a nonempty sequence of
101 hexadecimal digits possibly containing a radix character,
102 optionally followed by a binary exponent.
104 consists of a \(aqP\(aq or \(aqp\(aq, followed by an optional
105 plus or minus sign, followed by a nonempty sequence of
106 decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 2.
107 At least one of radix character and binary exponent must be present.
111 is either "INF" or "INFINITY", disregarding case.
115 is "NAN" (disregarding case) optionally followed by a string,
116 .IR (n-char-sequence) ,
119 specifies in an implementation-dependent
120 way the type of NAN (see NOTES).
122 These functions return the converted value, if any.
127 a pointer to the character after the last character used in the conversion
128 is stored in the location referenced by
131 If no conversion is performed, zero is returned and (unless
133 is null) the value of
135 is stored in the location referenced by
138 If the correct value would cause overflow, plus or minus
143 is returned (according to the return type and sign of the value),
149 If the correct value would cause underflow,
150 a value with magnitude no larger than
162 Overflow or underflow occurred.
164 For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
172 Interface Attribute Value
177 T} Thread safety MT-Safe locale
183 POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C99.
186 was also described in C89.
189 0 can legitimately be returned
190 on both success and failure, the calling program should set
192 to 0 before the call,
193 and then determine if an error occurred by checking whether
195 has a nonzero value after the call.
197 In the glibc implementation, the
199 that optionally follows "NAN"
200 is interpreted as an integer number
201 (with an optional '0' or '0x' prefix to select base 8 or 16)
202 that is to be placed in the
203 mantissa component of the returned value.
204 .\" From glibc 2.8's stdlib/strtod_l.c:
205 .\" We expect it to be a number which is put in the
206 .\" mantissa of the number.
207 .\" It looks as though at least FreeBSD (according to the manual) does
208 .\" something similar.
209 .\" C11 says: "An implementation may use the n-char sequence to determine
210 .\" extra information to be represented in the NaN's significant."
212 See the example on the
215 the use of the functions described in this manual page is similar.