1 .\" Copyright (C) 2008 Michael Kerrisk <tmk.manpages@gmail.com>
2 .\" and Copyright 2003 Abhijit Menon-Sen <ams@wiw.org>
4 .\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
5 .\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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9 .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
10 .\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
11 .\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
12 .\" permission notice identical to this one.
14 .\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
15 .\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
16 .\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
17 .\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
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19 .\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
22 .\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
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26 .\" 2004-05-31, added tgkill, ahu, aeb
27 .\" 2008-01-15 mtk -- rewrote DESCRIPTION
29 .TH TKILL 2 2017-09-15 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
31 tkill, tgkill \- send a signal to a thread
34 .BI "int tkill(int " tid ", int " sig );
36 .BI "int tgkill(int " tgid ", int " tid ", int " sig );
40 There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES.
45 to the thread with the thread ID
51 can be used to send a signal only to a process (i.e., thread group)
52 as a whole, and the signal will be delivered to an arbitrary
53 thread within that process.)
56 is an obsolete predecessor to
58 It allows only the target thread ID to be specified,
59 which may result in the wrong thread being signaled if a thread
60 terminates and its thread ID is recycled.
61 Avoid using this system call.
62 .\" FIXME Maybe say something about the following:
63 .\" http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12889
65 .\" Quoting Rich Felker <bugdal@aerifal.cx>:
67 .\" There is a race condition in pthread_kill: it is possible that,
68 .\" between the time pthread_kill reads the pid/tid from the target
69 .\" thread descriptor and the time it makes the tgkill syscall,
70 .\" the target thread terminates and the same tid gets assigned
71 .\" to a new thread in the same process.
73 .\" (The tgkill syscall was designed to eliminate a similar race
74 .\" condition in tkill, but it only succeeded in eliminating races
75 .\" where the tid gets reused in a different process, and does not
76 .\" help if the same tid gets assigned to a new thread in the
79 .\" The only solution I can see is to introduce a mutex that ensures
80 .\" that a thread cannot exit while pthread_kill is being called on it.
82 .\" Note that in most real-world situations, like almost all race
83 .\" conditions, this one will be extremely rare. To make it
84 .\" measurable, one could exhaust all but 1-2 available pid values,
85 .\" possibly by lowering the max pid parameter in /proc, forcing
86 .\" the same tid to be reused rapidly.
88 These are the raw system call interfaces, meant for internal
91 On success, zero is returned.
92 On error, \-1 is returned, and \fIerrno\fP
97 An invalid thread ID, thread group ID, or signal was specified.
101 For the required permissions, see
105 No process with the specified thread ID (and thread group ID) exists.
110 resource limit was reached and
112 is a real-time signal.
115 Insufficient kernel memory was available and
117 is a real-time signal.
120 is supported since Linux 2.4.19 / 2.5.4.
122 was added in Linux 2.5.75.
127 are Linux-specific and should not be used
128 in programs that are intended to be portable.
130 See the description of
134 for an explanation of thread groups.
136 Glibc does not provide wrappers for these system calls; call them using
142 .BR rt_sigqueueinfo (2)