1 .\" peter memishian -- meem@gnu.ai.mit.edu
2 .\" $Id: insque.3,v 1.2 1996/10/30 21:03:39 meem Exp meem $
3 .\" and Copyright (c) 2010, Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
5 .\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
6 .\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
7 .\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
8 .\" preserved on all copies.
10 .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
11 .\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
12 .\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
13 .\" permission notice identical to this one.
15 .\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
16 .\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
17 .\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
18 .\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
19 .\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
20 .\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
23 .\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
24 .\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
27 .\" References consulted:
28 .\" Linux libc source code (5.4.7)
29 .\" Solaris 2.x, OSF/1, and HP-UX manpages
30 .\" Curry's "UNIX Systems Programming for SVR4" (O'Reilly & Associates 1996)
32 .\" Changed to POSIX, 2003-08-11, aeb+wh
33 .\" mtk, 2010-09-09: Noted glibc 2.4 bug, added info on circular
34 .\" lists, added example program
36 .TH INSQUE 3 2021-03-22 "" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
38 insque, remque \- insert/remove an item from a queue
41 .B #include <search.h>
43 .BI "void insque(void *" elem ", void *" prev );
44 .BI "void remque(void *" elem );
48 Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
49 .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
56 .\" || _XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
57 || /* Glibc since 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
58 || /* Glibc <= 2.19: */ _SVID_SOURCE
65 functions manipulate doubly linked lists.
66 Each element in the list is a structure of
67 which the first two elements are a forward and a
69 The linked list may be linear (i.e., NULL forward pointer at
70 the end of the list and NULL backward pointer at the start of the list)
75 function inserts the element pointed to by \fIelem\fP
76 immediately after the element pointed to by \fIprev\fP.
78 If the list is linear, then the call
79 .I "insque(elem, NULL)"
80 can be used to insert the initial list element,
81 and the call sets the forward and backward pointers of
85 If the list is circular,
86 the caller should ensure that the forward and backward pointers of the
87 first element are initialized to point to that element,
92 call should also point to the element.
96 function removes the element pointed to by \fIelem\fP from the
99 For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
107 Interface Attribute Value
111 T} Thread safety MT-Safe
117 POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
120 .\" e.g., SunOS, Linux libc4 and libc5
121 the arguments of these functions were of type \fIstruct qelem *\fP,
127 struct qelem *q_forw;
128 struct qelem *q_back;
134 This is still what you will get if
137 including \fI<search.h>\fP.
139 The location of the prototypes for these functions differs among several
141 The above is the POSIX version.
142 Some systems place them in \fI<string.h>\fP.
143 .\" Linux libc4 and libc 5 placed them
144 .\" in \fI<stdlib.h>\fP.
146 In glibc 2.4 and earlier, it was not possible to specify
149 Consequently, to build a linear list, the caller had to build a list
150 using an initial call that contained the first two elements of the list,
151 with the forward and backward pointers in each element suitably initialized.
153 The program below demonstrates the use of
155 Here is an example run of the program:
159 .RB "$ " "./a.out \-c a b c"
160 Traversing completed list:
164 That was a circular list
176 struct element *forward;
177 struct element *backward;
181 static struct element *
184 struct element *e = malloc(sizeof(*e));
186 fprintf(stderr, "malloc() failed\en");
194 main(int argc, char *argv[])
196 struct element *first, *elem, *prev;
197 int circular, opt, errfnd;
199 /* The "\-c" command\-line option can be used to specify that the
204 while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "c")) != \-1) {
215 if (errfnd || optind >= argc) {
216 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [\-c] string...\en", argv[0]);
220 /* Create first element and place it in the linked list. */
222 elem = new_element();
225 elem\->name = argv[optind];
228 elem\->forward = elem;
229 elem\->backward = elem;
235 /* Add remaining command\-line arguments as list elements. */
237 while (++optind < argc) {
240 elem = new_element();
241 elem\->name = argv[optind];
245 /* Traverse the list from the start, printing element names. */
247 printf("Traversing completed list:\en");
250 printf(" %s\en", elem\->name);
251 elem = elem\->forward;
252 } while (elem != NULL && elem != first);
255 printf("That was a circular list\en");