1 .\" Copyright (C), 1994, Graeme W. Wilford (Wilf).
3 .\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
4 .\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
5 .\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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8 .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
9 .\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
10 .\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
11 .\" permission notice identical to this one.
13 .\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
14 .\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
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18 .\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
21 .\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
22 .\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
25 .\" Fri Jul 29th 12:56:44 BST 1994 Wilf. <G.Wilford@ee.surrey.ac.uk>
26 .\" Changes inspired by patch from Richard Kettlewell
27 .\" <richard@greenend.org.uk>, aeb 970616.
28 .\" Modified, 27 May 2004, Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
29 .\" Added notes on capability requirements
30 .TH SETUID 2 2014-06-13 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
32 setuid \- set user identity
34 .B #include <sys/types.h>
36 .B #include <unistd.h>
38 .BI "int setuid(uid_t " uid );
41 sets the effective user ID of the calling process.
42 If the effective UID of the caller is root,
43 the real UID and saved set-user-ID are also set.
47 is implemented like the POSIX version with the
50 This allows a set-user-ID (other than root) program to drop all of its user
51 privileges, do some un-privileged work, and then reengage the original
52 effective user ID in a secure manner.
54 If the user is root or the program is set-user-ID-root, special care must be
58 function checks the effective user ID of the caller and if it is
59 the superuser, all process-related user ID's are set to
61 After this has occurred, it is impossible for the program to regain root
64 Thus, a set-user-ID-root program wishing to temporarily drop root
65 privileges, assume the identity of an unprivileged user, and then regain
66 root privileges afterward cannot use
68 You can accomplish this with
71 On success, zero is returned.
72 On error, \-1 is returned, and
79 can fail even when the caller is UID 0;
80 it is a grave security error to omit checking for a failure return from
85 The call would change the caller's real UID (i.e.,
87 does not match the caller's real UID),
88 but there was a temporary failure allocating the
89 necessary kernel data structures.
93 does not match the real user ID of the caller and this call would
94 bring the number of processes belonging to the real user ID
99 Since Linux 3.1, this error case no longer occurs
100 (but robust applications should check for this error);
101 see the description of
107 The user ID specified in
109 is not valid in this user namespace.
112 The user is not privileged (Linux: does not have the
116 does not match the real UID or saved set-user-ID of the calling process.
119 Not quite compatible with the 4.4BSD call, which
120 sets all of the real, saved, and effective user IDs.
121 .\" SVr4 documents an additional EINVAL error condition.
123 Linux has the concept of the filesystem user ID, normally equal to the
127 call also sets the filesystem user ID of the calling process.
133 is different from the old effective UID, the process will
134 be forbidden from leaving core dumps.
138 system call supported only 16-bit user IDs.
139 Subsequently, Linux 2.4 added
141 supporting 32-bit IDs.
144 wrapper function transparently deals with the variation across kernel versions.
150 .BR capabilities (7),