1 .\" Copyright (c) 1992 Drew Eckhardt (drew@cs.colorado.edu), March 28, 1992
3 .\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
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5 .\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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8 .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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10 .\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
11 .\" permission notice identical to this one.
13 .\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
14 .\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
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18 .\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
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25 .\" Modified by Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
26 .\" Modified 1993-07-21 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
27 .\" Modified 1994-08-21 by Michael Chastain <mec@shell.portal.com>
28 .\" Modified 1996-06-13 by aeb
29 .\" Modified 1996-11-06 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
30 .\" Modified 1997-08-21 by Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk>
31 .\" Modified 2004-06-23 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
33 .TH CHROOT 2 2010-09-20 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
35 chroot \- change root directory
37 .B #include <unistd.h>
39 .BI "int chroot(const char *" path );
42 Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
43 .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
54 (_XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 ||
55 _XOPEN_SOURCE\ &&\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED) &&
56 !(_POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 600)
59 Before glibc 2.2.2: none
65 changes the root directory of the calling process to that specified in
67 This directory will be used for pathnames beginning with \fI/\fP.
68 The root directory is inherited by all children of the calling process.
70 Only a privileged process (Linux: one with the
75 This call changes an ingredient in the pathname resolution process
76 and does nothing else.
78 This call does not change the current working directory,
79 so that after the call \(aq\fI.\fP\(aq can
80 be outside the tree rooted at \(aq\fI/\fP\(aq.
81 In particular, the superuser can escape from a "chroot jail"
85 mkdir foo; chroot foo; cd ..
88 This call does not close open file descriptors, and such file
89 descriptors may allow access to files outside the chroot tree.
91 On success, zero is returned.
92 On error, \-1 is returned, and
96 Depending on the filesystem, other errors can be returned.
97 The more general errors are listed below:
100 Search permission is denied on a component of the path prefix.
102 .BR path_resolution (7).)
103 .\" Also search permission is required on the final component,
104 .\" maybe just to guarantee that it is a directory?
108 points outside your accessible address space.
111 An I/O error occurred.
114 Too many symbolic links were encountered in resolving
122 The file does not exist.
125 Insufficient kernel memory was available.
133 The caller has insufficient privilege.
135 SVr4, 4.4BSD, SUSv2 (marked LEGACY).
136 This function is not part of POSIX.1-2001.
137 .\" SVr4 documents additional EINTR, ENOLINK and EMULTIHOP error conditions.
138 .\" X/OPEN does not document EIO, ENOMEM or EFAULT error conditions.
140 A child process created via
142 inherits its parent's root directory.
143 The root directory is left unchanged by
146 FreeBSD has a stronger
149 .\" FIXME . eventually say something about containers,
150 .\" virtual servers, etc.?
153 .BR path_resolution (7)