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34 .\" @(#)hostname.7 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
35 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hostname.7,v 1.7 2004/07/03 18:29:23 ru Exp $
37 .\" 2008-06-11, mtk, Taken from FreeBSD 6.2 and modified for Linux.
39 .TH HOSTNAME 7 2019-05-09 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
41 hostname \- hostname resolution description
43 Hostnames are domains, where a domain is a hierarchical, dot-separated
44 list of subdomains; for example, the machine "monet", in the "example"
45 subdomain of the "com" domain would be represented as "monet.example.com".
47 Each element of the hostname must be from 1 to 63 characters long and the
48 entire hostname, including the dots, can be at most 253 characters long.
49 Valid characters for hostnames are
60 A hostname may not start with a hyphen.
62 Hostnames are often used with network client and server programs,
63 which must generally translate the name to an address for use.
64 (This task is generally performed by either
67 .BR gethostbyname (3).)
69 Hostnames are resolved by the NSS framework in glibc according
74 The DNS-based name resolver
77 NSS service module) resolves them in the following fashion.
79 If the name consists of a single component, that is, contains no dot,
80 and if the environment variable
82 is set to the name of a file,
83 that file is searched for any string matching the input hostname.
84 The file should consist of lines made up of two white-space separated strings,
85 the first of which is the hostname alias,
86 and the second of which is the complete hostname
87 to be substituted for that alias.
88 If a case-insensitive match is found between the hostname to be resolved
89 and the first field of a line in the file, the substituted name is looked
90 up with no further processing.
92 If the input name ends with a trailing dot,
93 the trailing dot is removed,
94 and the remaining name is looked up with no further processing.
96 If the input name does not end with a trailing dot, it is looked up
97 by searching through a list of domains until a match is found.
98 The default search list includes first the local domain,
99 then its parent domains with at least 2 name components (longest first).
101 in the domain cs.example.com, the name lithium.cchem will be checked first
102 as lithium.cchem.cs.example and then as lithium.cchem.example.com.
103 lithium.cchem.com will not be tried, as there is only one component
104 remaining from the local domain.
105 The search path can be changed from the default
106 by a system-wide configuration file (see
110 .BR gethostbyname (3),
111 .BR nsswitch.conf (5),
116 .UR http://www.ietf.org\:/rfc\:/rfc1123.txt
120 .UR http://www.ietf.org\:/rfc\:/rfc1178.txt
124 .\" Hostname appeared in